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<document id="CA3042F85E35B9CCCC6A8ACF5CA1156F" ID-CLB-Dataset="20057" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5120.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a960c9d2-4d41-478c-9409-45b574484345" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6392707" ID-ZooBank="B6FBF44E-78CB-4ACA-9F58-1174A9E59926" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1648537025268" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Chobanov, Dragan, Warchałowska-Śliwa, Elżbieta &amp; Hemp, Claudia" docDate="2022" docId="DF5687C2FFE0416DCAD1E9FBFD972294" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5120.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5120 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Eugaster spinulosa" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="473" masterDocId="236FFFBAFFF6417BCA46E96CFFB22065" masterDocTitle="Review of song patterns and sound production in armoured ground crickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Hetrodini) with karyological data and taxonomic notes" masterLastPageNumber="481" masterPageNumber="451" pageNumber="473" updateTime="1699318700592" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="0742DF4D27B9AAB4E805A45426E98EC7">Review of song patterns and sound production in armoured ground crickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Hetrodini) with karyological data and taxonomic notes</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4D8EE0D95EA63FE2CDE9D5E23AEFC4D3">Heller, Klaus-Gerhard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8F8EFE0F8C3AC6E1105581565F36401B">Chobanov, Dragan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7BCB8F761EC818A037982C68ED59FBA0">Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1 Tsar Osvoboditel Boulevard, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria. dchobanov @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1642 - 0363</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1BB2942253ED46A708B713E3EDB0A057" type="email">dchobanov@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="025A85BBB61A243FE616D32111C01FE4">Warchałowska-Śliwa, Elżbieta</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="58A1A99322AEF7056974C5AA0F0B646F">Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland. warchalowska @ isez. pan. krakow. pl; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7812 - 1644</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="12AC5152301F7880DE6F8AF007958464" type="email">warchalowska@isez.pan.krakow.pl</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="BAF4F2B21358A9357DE1FBDAE4A9CA80">Hemp, Claudia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5B6EEFB05639C200FAB44BFA3F4438BC">University of Bayreuth, Germany &amp; Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt, Germany. claudia. Hemp @ uni-bayreuth. de; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9170 - 7113</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="56CA8BB560ADA95B3597AE6C57B853C6" type="email">emp@uni-bayreuth.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<taxonomicName id="90FF4D57FFE0416DCAD1E9FBFDD420D4" ID-CoL="3C3N8" authority="(Johansson, 1763)" baseAuthorityName="Johansson" baseAuthorityYear="1763" box="[151,614,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Eugaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="473" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinulosa">
<emphasis id="658BEAC6FFE0416DCAD1E9FBFDD420D4" bold="true" box="[151,614,151,178]" pageId="22" pageNumber="473">
<emphasis id="658BEAC6FFE0416DCAD1E9FBFE3220D7" bold="true" box="[151,384,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="473">Eugaster spinulosa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="336E4B25FFE0416DCBC9E9FBFDEC20D4" author="Johansson, B." box="[399,606,151,177]" pageId="22" pageNumber="473" pagination="384 - 415" refId="ref17334" refString="Johansson, B. (1763) Centurio insectorum rariorum. In: Linne, C. von. (Ed.), Amoenitates Academicae seu dissertationes variae Physicae, Medicae, Botanicae anthehac seorsim editae. Vol 6. Holmiae [Stockholm], pp. 384 - 415. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 910" type="book chapter" year="1763">Johansson, 1763</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="658BEAC6FFE0416DCAD1E9B3FE30209C" bold="true" box="[151,386,223,249]" pageId="22" pageNumber="473">Material examined:</emphasis>
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<specimenCount id="41F9FD5DFFE0416DCBCEE9B3FE6C209C" box="[392,478,223,249]" pageId="22" pageNumber="473" type="male">4 males</specimenCount>
(SR),
<collectingCountry id="2FE87644FFE0416DC860E9B3FD05209C" box="[550,695,223,249]" name="Morocco" pageId="22" pageNumber="473">MOROCCO</collectingCountry>
,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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, leg.
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(
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<taxonomicName id="90FF4D57FFE0416DCB0DE86FFE042178" baseAuthorityName="Johansson" baseAuthorityYear="1763" box="[331,438,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Eugaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="473" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinulosa">spinulosa</taxonomicName>
brevispina
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)
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<paragraph id="574036D4FFE0416DCA81E844FD622124" blockId="22.[151,1437,223,753]" box="[199,720,295,322]" pageId="22" pageNumber="473">
Re
<emphasis id="658BEAC6FFE0416DCAA0E84BFEE32124" bold="true" box="[230,337,295,321]" pageId="22" pageNumber="473">ferences:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="336E4B25FFE0416DCB1EE84BFDBE2124" author="Grzeschik, K. - H." box="[344,524,295,321]" pageId="22" pageNumber="473" pagination="46 - 144" refId="ref16393" refString="Grzeschik, K. - H. (1969) On the systematics, biology and ethology of Eugaster Serville (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae). Form and Function, 1, 46 - 144." type="journal article" year="1969">Grzeschik 1969</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="336E4B25FFE0416DC853E84BFD622124" author="Arias, A. &amp; Marquez, R. &amp; Llusia, D. &amp; Beltran, J. F. &amp; Slimani, T. &amp; Radi, M. &amp; Fattah, A. &amp; El Hassan El Mouden" box="[533,720,295,321]" pageId="22" pageNumber="473" pagination="225 - 238" refId="ref15395" refString="Arias, A., Marquez, R., Llusia, D., Beltran, J. F., Slimani, T., Radi, M., Fattah, A. &amp; El Hassan El Mouden (2012) Effects of tem- perature on the song parameters of the Moroccan bushcricket Eugaster spinulosa (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae). Bioacoustics, 21 (3), 225 - 238. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 09524622.2012.686185" type="journal article" year="2012">
Arias
<emphasis id="658BEAC6FFE0416DC81FE844FD232124" box="[601,657,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="473">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="574036D4FFE0416DCA81E827FCC12204" blockId="22.[151,1437,223,753]" pageId="22" pageNumber="473">
<emphasis id="658BEAC6FFE0416DCA81E827FED02100" bold="true" box="[199,354,331,357]" pageId="22" pageNumber="473">Bioacoustics.</emphasis>
All specimens of
<taxonomicName id="90FF4D57FFE0416DC86CE820FD3D2100" authorityName="Serville" authorityYear="1838" box="[554,655,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Eugaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="473" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="658BEAC6FFE0416DC86CE820FD3D2100" box="[554,655,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="473">Eugaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
recorded previously (
<bibRefCitation id="336E4B25FFE0416DC9C6E827FB872100" author="Grzeschik, K. - H." box="[896,1077,331,357]" pageId="22" pageNumber="473" pagination="46 - 144" refId="ref16393" refString="Grzeschik, K. - H. (1969) On the systematics, biology and ethology of Eugaster Serville (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae). Form and Function, 1, 46 - 144." type="journal article" year="1969">Grzeschik 1969</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="336E4B25FFE0416DCE79E827FAA82100" author="Schmidt, G. H. &amp; Feierabend, H. &amp; Paiva, M. R." box="[1087,1306,331,357]" pageId="22" pageNumber="473" pagination="405 - 410" refId="ref18764" refString="Schmidt, G. H., Feierabend, H. &amp; Paiva, M. R. (1997) Ein Beitrag zum Kopulations- und Stridulationsverhalten von Eugaster guyoni fernandezii. Bolivar, 1935 (Ensifera: Hetrodidae). Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Allgemeine und Angewandte Entomologie, 11, 405 - 410." type="journal article" year="1997">
Schmidt
<emphasis id="658BEAC6FFE0416DCEE4E820FB6B2100" box="[1186,1241,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="473">et al.</emphasis>
1997
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="336E4B25FFE0416DCF65E827FF6321EC" author="Arias, A. &amp; Marquez, R. &amp; Llusia, D. &amp; Beltran, J. F. &amp; Slimani, T. &amp; Radi, M. &amp; Fattah, A. &amp; El Hassan El Mouden" pageId="22" pageNumber="473" pagination="225 - 238" refId="ref15395" refString="Arias, A., Marquez, R., Llusia, D., Beltran, J. F., Slimani, T., Radi, M., Fattah, A. &amp; El Hassan El Mouden (2012) Effects of tem- perature on the song parameters of the Moroccan bushcricket Eugaster spinulosa (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae). Bioacoustics, 21 (3), 225 - 238. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 09524622.2012.686185" type="journal article" year="2012">
Arias
<emphasis id="658BEAC6FFE0416DCF23E820FA2F2100" box="[1381,1437,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="473">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
) and by us, showed a calling song consisting of a series of short echemes (
<figureCitation id="CFC42A51FFE0416DCE48E803FBD721EF" box="[1038,1125,367,394]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1254,1278]" captionTargetBox="[158,1423,198,1221]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[151,1436,181,1231]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Oscillograms of song types in Hetrodini. Song consisting A of long trills (Cosmoderus femoralis CH8627), B of broken trills (including transitions to long echemes; B1 Spalacomimus talpa, B2 Enyaliopsis jennae, B3 Enyaliopsis ephippiatus) or C of regularly repeated echemes (C1 Spalacomimus spec. near verruciferus, C2 Eugaster guyoni). 1-min-sections." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6392721" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6392721/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="473">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="CFC42A51FFE0416DCE22E803FBC121EF" box="[1124,1139,367,394]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1837,1861]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,1232,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-207@4.[151,1436,1216,1814]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Left and right male tegmina of A Cosmoderus femoralis (CH8627), B Enyaliopsis bloyeti (CH8853), C Eugaster guyoni (CH0656), D Spalacomimus spec. near verruciferus (CH7898). Scale 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6392713" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6392713/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="473">2</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="CFC42A51FFE0416DCE39E803FAB621EF" box="[1151,1284,367,394]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1322,1346]" captionTargetBox="[156,1433,260,1291]" captionTargetId="figure-48@14.[151,1436,237,1299]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Oscillograms of the calling songs in the genera Eugaster, Eugasteroides and Spalacomimus (figures of S. liberianus based on figures and data from literature; see text). A Eugaster guyoni, B Eugaster spinulosa, C Eugasteroides loricatus, D Spalacomimus liberianus, E Spalacomimus magnus, F Spalacomimus stettinensis, G Spalacomimus talpa, H Spalacomimus verruciferus, I Spalacomimus spec. near verruciferus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6392739" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6392739/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="473">Fig. 10A, B</figureCitation>
; see
<tableCitation id="1A7D036FFFE0416DCF7CE803FA3D21EC" box="[1338,1423,367,393]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,236,476,501]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 2. Song characteristics of Hetrodini species (for song type see Fig. 5 and text)" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/0380665CFFF1417CCAD1E8B0FBBD2190" pageId="22" pageNumber="473" tableUuid="0380665CFFF1417CCAD1E8B0FBBD2190">Table 2</tableCitation>
). Each echeme contains between 8 and 12 (once 14; see
<bibRefCitation id="336E4B25FFE0416DC8B5E8FFFC1621CB" author="Grzeschik, K. - H." box="[755,932,403,430]" pageId="22" pageNumber="473" pagination="46 - 144" refId="ref16393" refString="Grzeschik, K. - H. (1969) On the systematics, biology and ethology of Eugaster Serville (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae). Form and Function, 1, 46 - 144." type="journal article" year="1969">Grzeschik 1969</bibRefCitation>
) syllables. The SRR in these recording varies between 21 and 53 Hz at different and often unknown temperatures. For
<collectionCode id="31EEAE11FFE0416DC989E8D4FBB721B7" box="[975,1029,440,466]" pageId="22" pageNumber="473">ERR</collectionCode>
fewer data are available (13.4 Hz) but here a strong and quite strict relationship with temperature is documented with a factor of about four between 15 and 35ºC (
<bibRefCitation id="336E4B25FFE0416DCB69E893FE7B227C" author="Nielsen, E. T." box="[303,457,511,537]" pageId="22" pageNumber="473" pagination="325 - 347" refId="ref18344" refString="Nielsen, E. T. (1974) Activity patterns of Eugaster (Orthoptera: Ensifera). Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 17, 325 - 347. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1570 - 7458.1974. tb 00351. x" type="journal article" year="1974">Nielsen 1974</bibRefCitation>
). So at present in our opinion there are no data that prove song differences between any named forms. The number of teeth in the stridulatory files is also quite similar between subspecies/species, ranging from 41.4 to 48.0 (means with n =530;
<bibRefCitation id="336E4B25FFE0416DC818EB2BFCA32204" author="Grzeschik, K. - H." box="[606,785,583,609]" pageId="22" pageNumber="473" pagination="46 - 144" refId="ref16393" refString="Grzeschik, K. - H. (1969) On the systematics, biology and ethology of Eugaster Serville (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae). Form and Function, 1, 46 - 144." type="journal article" year="1969">Grzeschik 1969</bibRefCitation>
, p. 103).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="574036D4FFE0416DCA81EB07FD8422E3" blockId="22.[151,1437,223,753]" box="[199,566,619,646]" pageId="22" pageNumber="473">
<emphasis id="658BEAC6FFE0416DCA81EB07FE8F22E0" bold="true" box="[199,317,619,645]" pageId="22" pageNumber="473">Genitalia.</emphasis>
See above,
<taxonomicName id="90FF4D57FFE0416DCB82EB00FD9D22E0" baseAuthorityName="Serville" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[452,559,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Eugaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="473" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guyoni">
<emphasis id="658BEAC6FFE0416DCB82EB00FD9D22E0" box="[452,559,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="473">E. guyoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="574036D4FFE0416DCA81EBE3FD972294" blockId="22.[151,1437,223,753]" pageId="22" pageNumber="473">
<emphasis id="658BEAC6FFE0416DCA81EBE3FEC922CC" bold="true" box="[199,379,655,681]" pageId="22" pageNumber="473">Chromosomes:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="E7973C89FFE0416DCBC2EBE3FD932294" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3744199339" collectingDate="2013-05-21" collectorName="N Marakesh &amp; Chobanov" country="Morocco" location="Morocco" pageId="22" pageNumber="473" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2">
2n = 29 (28 + X0), FN = 29; pairs 114 and X chromosome acrocentric [
<specimenCount id="41F9FD5DFFE0416DCE88EBE3FA9A22CC" box="[1230,1320,655,681]" pageId="22" pageNumber="473" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
described earlier (
<bibRefCitation id="336E4B25FFE0416DCAABEBDFFE5322AB" author="Grzywacz, B. &amp; Hemp, C. &amp; Heller, K. - G. &amp; Hemp, A. &amp; Chobanov, D. P. &amp; Warchalowska-Sliwa, E." box="[237,481,691,718]" pageId="22" pageNumber="473" pagination="22 - 30" refId="ref16429" refString="Grzywacz, B., Hemp, C., Heller, K. - G., Hemp, A., Chobanov, D. P. &amp; Warchalowska-Sliwa, E. (2015) Cytogenetics and mo- lecular differentiation in the African armoured ground bushcrickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Hetrodinae). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 259, 22 - 30. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jcz. 2015.10.001" type="journal article" year="2015">
Grzywacz
<emphasis id="658BEAC6FFE0416DCB20EBD8FE2C22A8" box="[358,414,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="473">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
):
<collectingCountry id="2FE87644FFE0416DCBB2EBD8FDEE22AB" box="[500,604,692,718]" name="Morocco" pageId="22" pageNumber="473">Morocco</collectingCountry>
,
<collectorName id="FA0A5302FFE0416DC821EBD8FD4022A8" box="[615,754,691,718]" pageId="22" pageNumber="473">N Marakesh</collectorName>
,
<date id="23411014FFE0416DC8BBEBDFFCCC22AB" box="[765,894,691,718]" pageId="22" pageNumber="473" value="2013-05-21">
<collectingDate id="3305E9FCFFE0416DC8BBEBDFFCCC22AB" box="[765,894,691,718]" pageId="22" pageNumber="473" value="2013-05-21">21.05.2013</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="FA0A5302FFE0416DC9FEEBDFFB9922A8" box="[952,1067,691,717]" pageId="22" pageNumber="473">Chobanov</collectorName>
(
<taxonomicName id="90FF4D57FFE0416DCE7CEBDFFB7B22A8" baseAuthorityName="Johansson" baseAuthorityYear="1763" box="[1082,1225,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Eugaster" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="473" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinulosa">
cf.
<emphasis id="658BEAC6FFE0416DCE18EBDFFB7B22A8" box="[1118,1225,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="473">spinulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)]; thin paracentromeric C-bands in all chromosomes
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>