291 lines
42 KiB
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291 lines
42 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1100.78769" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1100-29" ID-Pensoft-UUID="A4AC2778D50652AB9D11B49356F22087" ID-ZooBank="DA4BFBDD260942F1BCF9A1666BDB2F56" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1100-29" checkinTime="1652451074932" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Flores, Gustavo E. & Pizarro-Araya, Jaime" docDate="2022" docId="F3F16865F1B8571C9D15A62D4976CFDB" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1100: 29-55" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1100" docPubDate="2022-05-12" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1100.78769" docTitle="Praocis (Mesopraocis) Flores & Pizarro-Araya 2014" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="A4AC2778D50652AB9D11B49356F22087" lastPageNumber="29" masterDocId="A4AC2778D50652AB9D11B49356F22087" masterDocTitle="Revision of the subgenus Mesopraocis Flores & Pizarro-Araya of the Neotropical genus Praocis Eschscholtz (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae, Pimeliinae)" masterLastPageNumber="55" masterPageNumber="29" pageNumber="29" updateTime="1652451074932" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of the subgenus Mesopraocis Flores & Pizarro-Araya of the Neotropical genus Praocis Eschscholtz (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae, Pimeliinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Flores, Gustavo E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9108-7038</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Aridas (IADIZA), Laboratorio de Entomologia, Centro Cientifico Tecnologico CONICET, Av. Ruiz Leal s / n, Parque General San Martin, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">gflores@mendoza-conicet.gob.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pizarro-Araya, Jaime</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1595-6924</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Laboratorio de Entomologia Ecologica (LEULS), Departamento de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Serena, Casilla 554, La Serena, Chile & Grupo de Artropodos, Sistema Integrado de Monitoreo y Evaluacion de Ecosistemas Forestales Nativos (SIMEF), Chile & Instituto de Ecologia y Biodiversidad (IEB), Santiago, Chile</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-05-12</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1100</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>29</mods:start>
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<mods:end>55</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1100.78769</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1100.78769</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1100-29</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">DA4BFBDD260942F1BCF9A1666BDB2F56</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">A4AC2778D50652AB9D11B49356F22087</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F3F16865F1B8571C9D15A62D4976CFDB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F3F16865F1B8571C9D15A62D4976CFDB" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
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Subgenus
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<taxonomicName LSID="F3F16865-F1B8-571C-9D15-A62D4976CFDB" authority="Flores & Pizarro-Araya, 2014" authorityName="Flores & Pizarro-Araya" authorityYear="2014" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Praocis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Praocis (Mesopraocis)" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Mesopraocis">Praocis (Mesopraocis) Flores & Pizarro-Araya, 2014</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
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<taxonomicName authority="" authorityName="Flores & Pizarro-Araya" authorityYear="2014" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Praocis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Praocis (Mesopraocis)" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Mesopraocis">Praocis (Mesopraocis)</taxonomicName>
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Flores & Pizarro-Araya, 2014: 60. Type species:
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<taxonomicName authority="Eschscholtz, 1829" authorityName="Kulzer" authorityYear="1958" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Praocis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Praocis calderana" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calderana">Praocis calderana</taxonomicName>
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Kulzer, 1958 (original designation).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="redescription">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Redescription.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Length 5.00-10.62 mm; habitus oval, convex; dorsal surface with short setae, ventral surface densely setose; pseudopleuron with long golden setae on upper surface, forming with the setae of the hypomeron a continuous row of long golden setae surrounding the body. Body, antennae, legs black, dark brown to light brown.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Head</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Clypeal anterior margin concave, extended beyond epicanthus; frontoclypeal suture distinct, as a vertical groove, not covered by frons, clypeus and frons at same level; clypeus and frons with round punctures, epicanthus subquadrate (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Scanning electron micrographs of body details of Praocis (Mesopraocis) pilula A head in dorsal view, 45 x B antenna with 11 antennomeres, dorsal view, 70 x C antenna with 10 antennomeres, ventral view, 100 x D antenna with 9 antennomeres, dorsal view, 160 x E prosternum and hypomeron, 25 x F meso, metaventrite, abdomen, and pseudopleuron, 17 x." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.78769.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/683153" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">1A</figureCitation>
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). Antennae equal in length in both sexes; antennomere 10 wider than long; apical tomentose sensory patches on antennomeres 9 and 10 in two areas subequal in size, on antennomere 11 on distal third (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Scanning electron micrographs of body details of Praocis (Mesopraocis) pilula A head in dorsal view, 45 x B antenna with 11 antennomeres, dorsal view, 70 x C antenna with 10 antennomeres, ventral view, 100 x D antenna with 9 antennomeres, dorsal view, 160 x E prosternum and hypomeron, 25 x F meso, metaventrite, abdomen, and pseudopleuron, 17 x." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.78769.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/683153" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">1B-D</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Thorax</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Pronotum strongly convex, widest behind midpoint or at base, lacking carinae or striae; anterior margin concave, lacking carinate edge, width of anterior margin exceeding half the width of posterior margin; with lateral margins concave in anterior half and subparallel in posterior half (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Habitus in dorsal view A Praocis (Mesopraocis) pilula B Praocis (Mesopraocis) calderana C Praocis (Mesopraocis) nitens D Praocis (Mesopraocis) arenicola sp. nov. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.78769.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/683156" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">4A-D</figureCitation>
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); disc with sparse round punctures, each bearing a short, decumbent seta, visible at higher magnification (50
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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); punctures of disc smaller than punctures of elytron; prosternum horizontal, with carinate edge on anterior margin, broadened below gula (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Scanning electron micrographs of body details of Praocis (Mesopraocis) pilula A head in dorsal view, 45 x B antenna with 11 antennomeres, dorsal view, 70 x C antenna with 10 antennomeres, ventral view, 100 x D antenna with 9 antennomeres, dorsal view, 160 x E prosternum and hypomeron, 25 x F meso, metaventrite, abdomen, and pseudopleuron, 17 x." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.78769.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/683153" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">1E</figureCitation>
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); prosternal process subrectangular forming a straight angle, produced backwards, not reaching the midpoint of the space between pro, mesocoxae. Mesoventrite inclined forward, separated from prosternum (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Scanning electron micrographs of body details of Praocis (Mesopraocis) pilula A head in dorsal view, 45 x B antenna with 11 antennomeres, dorsal view, 70 x C antenna with 10 antennomeres, ventral view, 100 x D antenna with 9 antennomeres, dorsal view, 160 x E prosternum and hypomeron, 25 x F meso, metaventrite, abdomen, and pseudopleuron, 17 x." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.78769.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/683153" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">1F</figureCitation>
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). Hypomeron with shallow grooves not reaching lateral margin of pronotum, with a fringe of short or long golden setae below lateral margin of pronotum (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Scanning electron micrographs of body details of Praocis (Mesopraocis) pilula A head in dorsal view, 45 x B antenna with 11 antennomeres, dorsal view, 70 x C antenna with 10 antennomeres, ventral view, 100 x D antenna with 9 antennomeres, dorsal view, 160 x E prosternum and hypomeron, 25 x F meso, metaventrite, abdomen, and pseudopleuron, 17 x." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.78769.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/683153" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">1E</figureCitation>
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). Hypomeron with tubercles; mesepisternum and metepisternum with punctures. Metaventrite smooth on central area, with punctures on lateral thirds, and with two transverse grooves parallel to metacoxae (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Scanning electron micrographs of body details of Praocis (Mesopraocis) pilula A head in dorsal view, 45 x B antenna with 11 antennomeres, dorsal view, 70 x C antenna with 10 antennomeres, ventral view, 100 x D antenna with 9 antennomeres, dorsal view, 160 x E prosternum and hypomeron, 25 x F meso, metaventrite, abdomen, and pseudopleuron, 17 x." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.78769.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/683153" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">1F</figureCitation>
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). Metacoxal cavity closed laterally by metaventrite and abdominal ventrite 1.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Elytron</emphasis>
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convex, surface punctate, lacking carinae or striae, lateral margin not defined; pseudopleuron with a fringe of long golden setae on anterior half or entire upper surface (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Scanning electron micrographs of body details of Praocis (Mesopraocis) pilula A head in dorsal view, 45 x B antenna with 11 antennomeres, dorsal view, 70 x C antenna with 10 antennomeres, ventral view, 100 x D antenna with 9 antennomeres, dorsal view, 160 x E prosternum and hypomeron, 25 x F meso, metaventrite, abdomen, and pseudopleuron, 17 x." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.78769.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/683153" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">1F</figureCitation>
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), forming with the setae of the hypomeron a continuous fringe of long golden setae surrounding the body; epipleuron distinct, finely ridged throughout (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Scanning electron micrographs of body details of Praocis (Mesopraocis) pilula A head in dorsal view, 45 x B antenna with 11 antennomeres, dorsal view, 70 x C antenna with 10 antennomeres, ventral view, 100 x D antenna with 9 antennomeres, dorsal view, 160 x E prosternum and hypomeron, 25 x F meso, metaventrite, abdomen, and pseudopleuron, 17 x." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.78769.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/683153" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">1F</figureCitation>
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), gradually widening anteriorly, anterior quarter four times as wide as posterior half, anterior margin reaching elytral humeri and posterior angle of pronotum. Wingless, subelytral cavity sealed.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Legs</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Distance between meso- metacoxae exceeding half mesocoxal length (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Scanning electron micrographs of body details of Praocis (Mesopraocis) pilula A head in dorsal view, 45 x B antenna with 11 antennomeres, dorsal view, 70 x C antenna with 10 antennomeres, ventral view, 100 x D antenna with 9 antennomeres, dorsal view, 160 x E prosternum and hypomeron, 25 x F meso, metaventrite, abdomen, and pseudopleuron, 17 x." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.78769.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/683153" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">1F</figureCitation>
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). Pro, mesofemora straight, metafemora curved inward. Femora with long, fine setae on anterior, posterior surfaces and dorsal fringe, abundant on pro, mesofemora, sparse on metafemora; ventral surface of profemora with a row of long setae on anterior edge. Protibiae explanate, apical process concave from behind (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Scanning electron micrographs of body details of Praocis (Mesopraocis) pilula A protibia, posterior face, 37 x B protibia, anterior face, 65 x C conical pegs sensilla type 1 (CP 1) (on outer margin of tibia), 700 x D conical pegs sensilla type 2 (CP 2) (on antero-distal margin of protibia), 750 x. Arrows indicate conical pegs sensilla type 1." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.78769.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/683154" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">2A</figureCitation>
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), inner margin armed with a row of stout setae, outer margin concave; postero-distal, outer margins and posterior face with conical pegs sensilla type 1 (CP1) (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Scanning electron micrographs of body details of Praocis (Mesopraocis) pilula A protibia, posterior face, 37 x B protibia, anterior face, 65 x C conical pegs sensilla type 1 (CP 1) (on outer margin of tibia), 700 x D conical pegs sensilla type 2 (CP 2) (on antero-distal margin of protibia), 750 x. Arrows indicate conical pegs sensilla type 1." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.78769.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/683154" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">2A, B</figureCitation>
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), antero-distal margin with conical pegs type 2 (CP2) (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Scanning electron micrographs of body details of Praocis (Mesopraocis) pilula A protibia, posterior face, 37 x B protibia, anterior face, 65 x C conical pegs sensilla type 1 (CP 1) (on outer margin of tibia), 700 x D conical pegs sensilla type 2 (CP 2) (on antero-distal margin of protibia), 750 x. Arrows indicate conical pegs sensilla type 1." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.78769.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/683154" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">2B</figureCitation>
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), anterior and posterior faces (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Scanning electron micrographs of body details of Praocis (Mesopraocis) pilula A protibia, posterior face, 37 x B protibia, anterior face, 65 x C conical pegs sensilla type 1 (CP 1) (on outer margin of tibia), 700 x D conical pegs sensilla type 2 (CP 2) (on antero-distal margin of protibia), 750 x. Arrows indicate conical pegs sensilla type 1." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.78769.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/683154" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">2A, B</figureCitation>
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) with long, fine setae (sensilla trichoidea) arising on punctures; posterior face of protibiae and inner, outer faces of meso, metatibiae with short, stout setae, arising on tubercles; meso, metatibiae with conical pegs type 1 on posterior face and type 2 on distal end. Pro, mesofemora longer than pro, mesotibiae; metafemora shorter than metatibiae; metatibiae straight. Tarsi bearing sparse decumbent setae on ventral surface; protarsomere 1 equal to combined length of tarsomeres 2-4, subequal to tarsomere 5 (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Scanning electron micrographs of body details of Praocis (Mesopraocis) pilula A protibia, posterior face, 37 x B protibia, anterior face, 65 x C conical pegs sensilla type 1 (CP 1) (on outer margin of tibia), 700 x D conical pegs sensilla type 2 (CP 2) (on antero-distal margin of protibia), 750 x. Arrows indicate conical pegs sensilla type 1." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.78769.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/683154" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">2B</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Abdomen</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Ventrites 1-4 with sparse punctures each bearing a short seta; ventrite 5 with sparse punctures on central area separated by two to four puncture diameters, on lateral thirds separated by one to two puncture diameters. Male sternites VII and VIII emarginated.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Male terminalia and genitalia</emphasis>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Male and female genitalia of Praocis (Mesopraocis) species A-D male A, B Praocis (Mesopraocis) calderana, dorsal and ventral views C, D Praocis (Mesopraocis) nitens, dorsal and ventral views. Abbreviations: bl, basal lamina of tegmen, ls, lateral styles of tegmen, ml, median lobe E ovipositor (ventral view), spiculum ventrale and internal female reproductive tract of Praocis (Mesopraocis) pilula. Abbreviations: bc, baculi of coxite, bp, baculi of paraproct, c, coxite, g, gonostyli, m, midventral sclerite, o, oviduct, p, paraproct, r, rectum, s, spermatheca, sag, spermathecal accessory gland, sp, spiculum ventrale, v, vagina, 1, 2, 3, 4, coxite lobes. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.78769.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/683155" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">3A-D</figureCitation>
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).
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</emphasis>
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Rods of spiculum gastrale V-shaped, joined at the apex. Dorsal membrane of proctiger concave, without sclerotized areas. Basal lamina of tegmen long (B/E> 1.0) (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Male and female genitalia of Praocis (Mesopraocis) species A-D male A, B Praocis (Mesopraocis) calderana, dorsal and ventral views C, D Praocis (Mesopraocis) nitens, dorsal and ventral views. Abbreviations: bl, basal lamina of tegmen, ls, lateral styles of tegmen, ml, median lobe E ovipositor (ventral view), spiculum ventrale and internal female reproductive tract of Praocis (Mesopraocis) pilula. Abbreviations: bc, baculi of coxite, bp, baculi of paraproct, c, coxite, g, gonostyli, m, midventral sclerite, o, oviduct, p, paraproct, r, rectum, s, spermatheca, sag, spermathecal accessory gland, sp, spiculum ventrale, v, vagina, 1, 2, 3, 4, coxite lobes. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.78769.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/683155" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">3A, C</figureCitation>
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). Lateral styles of tegmen distally close, with apex narrow, with setae on lateral margins (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Male and female genitalia of Praocis (Mesopraocis) species A-D male A, B Praocis (Mesopraocis) calderana, dorsal and ventral views C, D Praocis (Mesopraocis) nitens, dorsal and ventral views. Abbreviations: bl, basal lamina of tegmen, ls, lateral styles of tegmen, ml, median lobe E ovipositor (ventral view), spiculum ventrale and internal female reproductive tract of Praocis (Mesopraocis) pilula. Abbreviations: bc, baculi of coxite, bp, baculi of paraproct, c, coxite, g, gonostyli, m, midventral sclerite, o, oviduct, p, paraproct, r, rectum, s, spermatheca, sag, spermathecal accessory gland, sp, spiculum ventrale, v, vagina, 1, 2, 3, 4, coxite lobes. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.78769.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/683155" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">3B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
), widest at base, and not overlapping median lobe dorsally. Median lobe tubulous, moderate (0.75 <L/T ≤ 1.00) and apex rounded (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Male and female genitalia of Praocis (Mesopraocis) species A-D male A, B Praocis (Mesopraocis) calderana, dorsal and ventral views C, D Praocis (Mesopraocis) nitens, dorsal and ventral views. Abbreviations: bl, basal lamina of tegmen, ls, lateral styles of tegmen, ml, median lobe E ovipositor (ventral view), spiculum ventrale and internal female reproductive tract of Praocis (Mesopraocis) pilula. Abbreviations: bc, baculi of coxite, bp, baculi of paraproct, c, coxite, g, gonostyli, m, midventral sclerite, o, oviduct, p, paraproct, r, rectum, s, spermatheca, sag, spermathecal accessory gland, sp, spiculum ventrale, v, vagina, 1, 2, 3, 4, coxite lobes. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.78769.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/683155" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">3A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.78769.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/683155" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Male and female genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="" authorityName="Flores & Pizarro-Araya" authorityYear="2014" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Praocis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Praocis (Mesopraocis)" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Mesopraocis">Praocis (Mesopraocis)</taxonomicName>
|
||
species
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">A-D</emphasis>
|
||
male
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">A, B</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Eschscholtz, 1829" authorityName="Kulzer" authorityYear="1958" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Praocis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Praocis (Mesopraocis) calderana" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calderana" subGenus="Mesopraocis">Praocis (Mesopraocis) calderana</taxonomicName>
|
||
, dorsal and ventral views
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">C, D</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Eschscholtz, 1829" authorityName="Kulzer" authorityYear="1959" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Praocis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Praocis (Mesopraocis) nitens" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitens" subGenus="Mesopraocis">Praocis (Mesopraocis) nitens</taxonomicName>
|
||
, dorsal and ventral views. Abbreviations: bl, basal lamina of tegmen, ls, lateral styles of tegmen, ml, median lobe
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">E</emphasis>
|
||
ovipositor (ventral view), spiculum ventrale and internal female reproductive tract of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Eschscholtz, 1829" authorityName="Laporte" authorityYear="1840" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Praocis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Praocis (Mesopraocis) pilula" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilula" subGenus="Mesopraocis">Praocis (Mesopraocis) pilula</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Abbreviations: bc, baculi of coxite, bp, baculi of paraproct, c, coxite, g, gonostyli, m, midventral sclerite, o, oviduct, p, paraproct, r, rectum, s, spermatheca, sag, spermathecal accessory gland, sp, spiculum ventrale, v, vagina, 1, 2, 3, 4, coxite lobes. Scale bars: 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Female terminalia and genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Male and female genitalia of Praocis (Mesopraocis) species A-D male A, B Praocis (Mesopraocis) calderana, dorsal and ventral views C, D Praocis (Mesopraocis) nitens, dorsal and ventral views. Abbreviations: bl, basal lamina of tegmen, ls, lateral styles of tegmen, ml, median lobe E ovipositor (ventral view), spiculum ventrale and internal female reproductive tract of Praocis (Mesopraocis) pilula. Abbreviations: bc, baculi of coxite, bp, baculi of paraproct, c, coxite, g, gonostyli, m, midventral sclerite, o, oviduct, p, paraproct, r, rectum, s, spermatheca, sag, spermathecal accessory gland, sp, spiculum ventrale, v, vagina, 1, 2, 3, 4, coxite lobes. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.78769.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/683155" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">3E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Spiculum ventrale with arms short,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“V”">"V"</normalizedToken>
|
||
-shaped. Paraprocts long (2.0 <P/C ≤ 3.0), with setae; proctigeral baculus equal to length of paraproct baculus; apicodorsal lobe of proctiger extending about
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
length of coxite. Coxites with setae, divided into two visible lobes: the basal lobe bears oblique baculi and the apical lobe is composed of the fully fused second, third and fourth lobes, which bears lateral gonostyli, basal lobe of coxite not extended over paraproct, separated from the apical lobe by a transverse pleat and shorter than the apical lobe; midventral sclerite equal width throughout. Vagina saccate. Spermathecal accessory gland longer than vagina, with duct not annulate. Spermatheca with six basal tubes or less, all similar in length and branching pattern.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Geographic distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
|
||
Species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="" authorityName="Flores & Pizarro-Araya" authorityYear="2014" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Praocis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Praocis (Mesopraocis)" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Mesopraocis">Praocis (Mesopraocis)</taxonomicName>
|
||
are endemic to northern and central Chile and occur from 25° South (Paposo, Antofagasta Region) to 31° South (Caleta
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Limarí">Limari</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Coquimbo Region) in the Atacama and Coquimban biogeographic provinces (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3936.2.3" author="Morrone, JJ" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" pagination="207 - 236" refId="B32" refString="Morrone, JJ, 2015. Biogeographical regionalisation of the Andean region. Zootaxa 3936 (2): 207 - 236, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3936.2.3" title="Biogeographical regionalisation of the Andean region." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3936.2.3" volume="3936" year="2015">Morrone 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Geographical distribution of Praocis (Mesopraocis) calderana and Praocis (Mesopraocis) nitens." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.78769.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/683157" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Geographical distribution of Praocis (Mesopraocis) pilula and Praocis (Mesopraocis) arenicola sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.78769.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/683158" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Up to two sympatric species have been recorded together in the distribution area of the subgenus. But all four species can be sympatric with the remaining species (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Geographical distribution of Praocis (Mesopraocis) calderana and Praocis (Mesopraocis) nitens." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.78769.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/683157" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Geographical distribution of Praocis (Mesopraocis) pilula and Praocis (Mesopraocis) arenicola sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.78769.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/683158" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">6</figureCitation>
|
||
) and there are no geographic barriers that separate species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="habitat">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Habitat.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
|
||
The distribution range of the subgenus extends from sea level to an altitude of ~1325 m. All
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="" authorityName="Flores & Pizarro-Araya" authorityYear="2014" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Praocis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Praocis (Mesopraocis)" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Mesopraocis">Praocis (Mesopraocis)</taxonomicName>
|
||
species are associated with coastal dunes stabilized with scattered vegetation and inland aeolian dunes located in the central valley (JPA pers. obs.) in the transitional coastal desert of Chile (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-34292013000400013" author="Cortes-Contreras, M" journalOrPublisher="Idesia" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" pagination="85 - 91" refId="B7" refString="Cortes-Contreras, M, Pizarro-Araya, J, Alfaro, FM, Cepeda-Pizarro, J, 2013. Coleopteros epigeos (Insecta: Coleoptera) asociados a ecotopos dunarios de la cordillera de la costa de Chile. Idesia 31 (4): 85 - 91, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-34292013000400013" title="Coleopteros epigeos (Insecta: Coleoptera) asociados a ecotopos dunarios de la cordillera de la costa de Chile." url="https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-34292013000400013" volume="31" year="2013">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cortés-Contreras">Cortes-Contreras</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.415.6656" author="Flores, GE" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" pagination="53 - 80" refId="B16" refString="Flores, GE, Pizarro-Araya, J, 2014. Towards a revision of the South American genus Praocis Eschscholtz (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), with estimation of the diversity of each subgenus. ZooKeys 415: 53 - 80, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.415.6656" title="Towards a revision of the South American genus Praocis Eschscholtz (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), with estimation of the diversity of each subgenus." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.415.6656" volume="415" year="2014">Flores and Pizarro-Araya 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Some species have been recorded in Pacific islands such as Choros, Damas, and Gaviota from the Choros Archipelago (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3157/021.120.0201" author="Alfaro, FM" journalOrPublisher="Entomological News" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" pagination="125 - 130" refId="B1" refString="Alfaro, FM, Pizarro-Araya, J, Flores, GE, 2009. Epigean tenebrionids (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) from the Choros archipelago (Coquimbo Region, Chile). Entomological News 120 (2): 125 - 130, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3157/021.120.0201" title="Epigean tenebrionids (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) from the Choros archipelago (Coquimbo Region, Chile)." url="https://doi.org/10.3157/021.120.0201" volume="120" year="2009">Alfaro et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). They are associated with shrubby and herbaceous vegetation (perennial and annual) characteristic of coastal dunes such as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Nolana" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nolana" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Nolana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Nolana" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Solanaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Rhodophiala" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rhodophiala" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Rhodophiala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Rhodophiala" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Amaryllidaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Leucocoryne" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Leucocoryne" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Leucocoryne</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. (Leucocoryneae),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Cristaria" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cristaria" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Cristaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Cristaria" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
|
||
Adults have nocturnal habits, remaining buried in the sand during the day and appearing a short while after sunset (JPA pers. obs.), when sand surface cools down and night-moisture appears (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Koch, C" journalOrPublisher="Scientific Papers of the Namib Desert Research Station" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" pagination="9 - 92" refId="B25" refString="Koch, C, 1961. Some aspects of abundant life in the vegetationless sand of the Namib desert dunes. Scientific Papers of the Namib Desert Research Station 1: 9 - 92" title="Some aspects of abundant life in the vegetationless sand of the Namib desert dunes." volume="1" year="1961">Koch 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Adults eat flowers and detritus of dune vegetation and larvae feed on tubers and roots of dune plants (JPA pers. obs.). Laboratory observations on oviposition: the females dig a depth ranging from 10 to 20 cm in the substrate and laid eggs individually or in groups of 3 to 5. The egg chorion is covered by a protective layer of mucilage to which sand grains adhere during oviposition. The resulting sand layer is thought to act as both a thermal insulator against the wide temperature oscillations that daily occur in these semiarid environments and as a mimicry strategy against edaphic predators, such as carabid larvae (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dejean" authorityYear="1831" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Calosoma" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosoma vagans" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vagans">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Calosoma vagans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Dejean), scorpions (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1893" class="Arachnida" family="Bothriuridae" genus="Brachistosternus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachistosternus" order="Scorpiones" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Brachistosternus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.), solpugids (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Roewer" authorityYear="1934" class="Arachnida" family="Daesiidae" genus="Ammotrechelis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ammotrechelis" order="Solifugae" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Ammotrechelis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1879" class="Arachnida" family="Mummuciidae" genus="Mummucia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mummucia" order="Solifugae" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Mummucia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.), and spiders (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1894" class="Arachnida" family="Nemesiidae" genus="Lycinus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycinus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Lycinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.) (JPA pers. obs.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
|
||
In a taxonomic diversity study of epigean tenebrionids in the Choros Archipelago (Coquimbo Region),
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Eschscholtz, 1829" authorityName="Laporte" authorityYear="1840" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Praocis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Praocis (Mesopraocis) pilula" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilula" subGenus="Mesopraocis">Praocis (Mesopraocis) pilula</taxonomicName>
|
||
reached 5.9% of total abundance, with specimens recorded in coastal dunes of Choros, Damas, and Gaviota islands (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3157/021.120.0201" author="Alfaro, FM" journalOrPublisher="Entomological News" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" pagination="125 - 130" refId="B1" refString="Alfaro, FM, Pizarro-Araya, J, Flores, GE, 2009. Epigean tenebrionids (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) from the Choros archipelago (Coquimbo Region, Chile). Entomological News 120 (2): 125 - 130, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3157/021.120.0201" title="Epigean tenebrionids (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) from the Choros archipelago (Coquimbo Region, Chile)." url="https://doi.org/10.3157/021.120.0201" volume="120" year="2009">Alfaro et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In other research conducted in Coastal Cordillera near Punta de Choros (Coquimbo Region), specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Eschscholtz, 1829" authorityName="Laporte" authorityYear="1840" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Praocis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Praocis (Mesopraocis) pilula" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilula" subGenus="Mesopraocis">Praocis (Mesopraocis) pilula</taxonomicName>
|
||
were caught in paleodunes stabilized with vegetation, making up 3.1% of the total catch (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-34292013000400013" author="Cortes-Contreras, M" journalOrPublisher="Idesia" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" pagination="85 - 91" refId="B7" refString="Cortes-Contreras, M, Pizarro-Araya, J, Alfaro, FM, Cepeda-Pizarro, J, 2013. Coleopteros epigeos (Insecta: Coleoptera) asociados a ecotopos dunarios de la cordillera de la costa de Chile. Idesia 31 (4): 85 - 91, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-34292013000400013" title="Coleopteros epigeos (Insecta: Coleoptera) asociados a ecotopos dunarios de la cordillera de la costa de Chile." url="https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-34292013000400013" volume="31" year="2013">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cortés-Contreras">Cortes-Contreras</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Finally,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3956/2011-14.1" author="Pizarro-Araya, J" journalOrPublisher="The Pan-Pacific Entomologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 14" refId="B37" refString="Pizarro-Araya, J, Alfaro, FM, Castillo, JP, Ojanguren-Affilastro, AA, Agusto, P, Cepeda-Pizarro, J, 2012. Assemblage of arthropods in the Quebrada del Morel private protected area (Atacama Region, Chile). The Pan-Pacific Entomologist 88: 1 - 14, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3956/2011-14.1" title="Assemblage of arthropods in the Quebrada del Morel private protected area (Atacama Region, Chile)." url="https://doi.org/10.3956/2011-14.1" volume="88" year="2012">Pizarro-Araya et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
performed a survey in continental dunes of Atacama Region and captured specimens of
|
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<taxonomicName authority="Eschscholtz, 1829" authorityName="Kulzer" authorityYear="1958" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Praocis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Praocis (Mesopraocis) calderana" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calderana" subGenus="Mesopraocis">Praocis (Mesopraocis) calderana</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kulzer, 1958 which were 2.8% of the total assemblage of terrestrial arthropods.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |