204 lines
23 KiB
XML
204 lines
23 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="A331A902CCF09F5AE6676FA9075F0F2C">Observations on the Biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 8. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Dracaena Feeders</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FC8121CF7FDCA77FA246FA3D5B3CCCAC">Cock, Matthew J. W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EA9A78514FA8E2B3C5433F723FE8A803">Congdon, T. Colin E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D5C028B418C53BEDACEBB10A0DF95C22">Collins, Steve C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="7E4F135236C8EDA4BD96F9141B892264">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="64D9FE905270C782652B1B8BBBBC92D7">
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<mods:date id="50F7135EA6E5592C8742FCDC78B90CA5">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E7E1598F9CA2EE86962582E9DE10F860">2015-07-13</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="82F90233C42E3B0DEA4394AE6E031350">3985</mods:number>
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<treatment id="F37C6616FFD4FFDFA0B6FAACDED0FE15" ID-GBIF-Taxon="123200808" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F37C6616FFD4FFDFA0B6FAACDED0FE15" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F37C6616FFD4FFDFA0B6FAACDED0FE15" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="307" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
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<subSubSection id="33CF848BFFD4FFDCA0B6FAACDABBFABD" box="[151,503,1374,1400]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="7B6AD700FFD4FFDCA0B6FAACDABBFABD" blockId="5.[151,503,1374,1400]" box="[151,503,1374,1400]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
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<heading id="2022606CFFD4FFDCA0B6FAACDABBFABD" bold="true" box="[151,503,1374,1400]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFD4FFDCA0B6FAACDABBFABD" ID-CoL="6JWVW" authority="Plotz, 1879" authorityName="Plotz" authorityYear="1879" box="[151,503,1374,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Gamia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="buchholzi">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFD4FFDCA0B6FAACDABBFABD" bold="true" box="[151,503,1374,1400]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFD4FFDCA0B6FAACDA2AFABD" bold="true" box="[151,358,1374,1400]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Gamia buchholzi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFD4FFDCA14FFAACDABBFABD" author="Plotz" box="[366,503,1374,1400]" firstAuthor="Plotz" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" pagination="353" refId="ref32099" refString="Plotz, C. (1879) Verzeichniss vom verstorbenen Prof. Dr. R. Buchholz in West-Africa-beim Meerbusem von Guinea -gesammelten Hesperien. Entomologische Zeitung, 40, 353 - 364." type="journal article" year="1879">Plötz, 1879</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="33CF848BFFD4FFDCA0B6FA57DF0FF9B4" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="7B6AD700FFD4FFDCA0B6FA57DF0FF9B4" blockId="5.[151,1436,1445,2010]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
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Originally described in the genus
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFD4FFDCA20FFA54D9D9FA78" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1793" box="[558,661,1446,1469]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hesperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFD4FFDCA20FFA54D9D9FA78" box="[558,661,1446,1469]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Hesperia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from a single female collected at Aburi,
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<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFD4FFDCA4AFFA57DF96FA7B" box="[1166,1242,1445,1470]" name="Ghana" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Ghana</collectingCountry>
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, by Professor R Buchholz (
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<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFD4FFDCA137FA3BDAD5FA27" author="Plotz" box="[278,409,1481,1506]" firstAuthor="Plotz" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" pagination="353" refId="ref32099" refString="Plotz, C. (1879) Verzeichniss vom verstorbenen Prof. Dr. R. Buchholz in West-Africa-beim Meerbusem von Guinea -gesammelten Hesperien. Entomologische Zeitung, 40, 353 - 364." type="journal article" year="1879">Plötz 1879</bibRefCitation>
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), this species is recorded from
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<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFD4FFDCA333FA3BD8EAFA24" box="[786,934,1481,1506]" name="Sierra Leone" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Sierra Leone</collectingCountry>
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to western
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<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFD4FFDCA416FA38DFCFFA27" box="[1079,1155,1482,1506]" name="Kenya" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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, but is generally scarce (
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<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFD4FFDCA0BFFA1CDA7DF9C3" author="Larsen" box="[158,305,1517,1542]" firstAuthor="Larsen" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" refId="ref31586" refString="Larsen, T. B. (2005) Butterflies of West Africa. 2 Vols. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 595 + 270 pp." type="book" year="2005">Larsen 2005</bibRefCitation>
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). The adults have been found in deep forest shade (
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<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFD4FFDCA35AFA1FDFD2F9C3" author="Congdon & Collins" box="[891,1182,1517,1542]" firstAuthor="Congdon" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" refId="ref30357" refString="Congdon, C. & Collins, S. (1998) Kielland's Butterflies of Tanzania Supplement. African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi, & Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren, 143 pp., 6 plates." type="book" year="1998">Congdon & Collins 1998</bibRefCitation>
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), and perch by day on tree trunks at about
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<quantity id="BC2D7AE5FFD4FFDCA15CF9E3DAF5F9EF" box="[381,441,1553,1578]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" unit="m" value="1.5">1.5m</quantity>
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; they do not appear to be active normally during the day but on dull days may emerge from the forest to feed on flowers (
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<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFD4FFDCA200F9C4D9FFF98B" author="Larsen" box="[545,691,1589,1614]" firstAuthor="Larsen" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" refId="ref31586" refString="Larsen, T. B. (2005) Butterflies of West Africa. 2 Vols. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 595 + 270 pp." type="book" year="2005">Larsen 2005</bibRefCitation>
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). These reports suggest that this species is normally active at dusk and perhaps dawn, as may well be the case for most or all
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFD4FFDCA305F9A8D83DF9B4" authorityName="Holland" authorityYear="1896" box="[804,881,1626,1649]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Gamia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFD4FFDCA305F9A8D83DF9B4" box="[804,881,1626,1649]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Gamia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFD4FFDCA387F9A8DF41F9B4" authorityName="Holland" authorityYear="1896" box="[934,1037,1626,1649]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artitropa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFD4FFDCA387F9A8DF41F9B4" box="[934,1037,1626,1649]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Artitropa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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spp.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="33CF848BFFD4FFDCA0E6F98FD9A6F8E0" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="7B6AD700FFD4FFDCA0E6F98FD9A6F8E0" blockId="5.[151,1436,1445,2010]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFD4FFDCA0E6F98FDA19F953" bold="true" box="[199,341,1661,1686]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Food plants</emphasis>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFD4FFDCA145F98CD903F953" author="Van Someren" box="[356,591,1662,1686]" firstAuthor="Van Someren" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" pagination="315" refId="ref33112" refString="Van Someren, V. G. L. (1974) List of foodplants of some East African Rhopalocera, with notes on the early stages of some Lycaenidae. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 28, 315 - 331." type="journal article" year="1974">Van Someren (1974)</bibRefCitation>
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gives the food plants as
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFD4FFDCA34DF98FDF2FF953" box="[876,1123,1661,1686]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Raphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mombuttorum">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFD4FFDCA34DF98FDF2FF953" box="[876,1123,1661,1686]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Raphia mombuttorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(?),
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFD4FFDCA4BBF98CDE6AF953" box="[1178,1318,1662,1686]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Raphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="farinifera">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFD4FFDCA4BBF98CDE6AF953" box="[1178,1318,1662,1686]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">R. farinifera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFD4FFDCA514F98CDA41F97F" authorityName="Mart" authorityYear="1838" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Borassus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aethiopum">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFD4FFDCA514F98CDA41F97F" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Borassus aethiopum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFD4FFDCA16FF953D9FDF97F" box="[334,689,1697,1722]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Phoenix" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="reclinata">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFD4FFDCA16FF953D956F97F" box="[334,538,1697,1722]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Phoenix reclinata</emphasis>
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(Arecaceae)
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</taxonomicName>
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, and these records are repeated by
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<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFD4FFDCA47CF953DE72F97F" author="Sevastopulo" box="[1117,1342,1697,1722]" firstAuthor="Sevastopulo" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" pagination="147 - 172" refId="ref32373" refString="Sevastopulo, D. G. (1975) Hesperiidae. In: Sevastopulo, D. G. (1975 - 1978) A list of the food-plants of East African Macrolepidoptera. Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society, 34, pp. 131 - 132. [pp. 84 - 92, 124 - 132, 175 - 184; 35, pp. 94 - 100, 177 - 195; 36, pp. 45 - 50; 37, pp. 147 - 172, 202 - 216]" type="journal article" year="1975">Sevastopulo (1975)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFD4FFDCA571F950DBADF91B" author="Larsen" firstAuthor="Larsen" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" refId="ref31559" refString="Larsen, T. B. (1991) The Butterflies of Kenya and their Natural History. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 490 pp." type="book" year="1991">Larsen (1991)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFD4FFDCA13BF937D94FF91B" author="Ackery" box="[282,515,1733,1758]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Ackery" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" refId="ref29534" refString="Ackery, P. R., Smith, C. R. & Vane-Wright, R. I. (Eds.) (1995) Carcasson's African Butterflies. An annotated catalogue of the Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea of the Afrotropical Region. CSIRO Publications, Melbourne, 803 pp." type="book" year="1995">
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Ackery
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFD4FFDCA155F934DAEAF91B" box="[372,422,1733,1758]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">et al</emphasis>
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. (1995)
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</bibRefCitation>
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. However, SCC (in
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<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFD4FFDCA2C6F937DF4AF91B" author="Congdon & Collins" box="[743,1030,1733,1758]" firstAuthor="Congdon" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" refId="ref30357" refString="Congdon, C. & Collins, S. (1998) Kielland's Butterflies of Tanzania Supplement. African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi, & Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren, 143 pp., 6 plates." type="book" year="1998">Congdon & Collins 1998</bibRefCitation>
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) discovered that the food plants are
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFD4FFDCA0B6F918DA4BF8C4" box="[151,263,1770,1793]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFD4FFDCA0B6F918DA4BF8C4" box="[151,263,1770,1793]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Dracaena</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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spp. and
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<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFD4FFDCA150F918D942F8C7" author="Larsen" box="[369,526,1769,1794]" firstAuthor="Larsen" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" refId="ref31586" refString="Larsen, T. B. (2005) Butterflies of West Africa. 2 Vols. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 595 + 270 pp." type="book" year="2005">Larsen (2005)</bibRefCitation>
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quotes SCC that
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFD4FFDCA2F1F918D851F8C4" authorityName="Holland" authorityYear="1896" box="[720,797,1770,1793]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Gamia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFD4FFDCA2F1F918D851F8C4" box="[720,797,1770,1793]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Gamia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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spp. feed exclusively on
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFD4FFDCA417F918DFEAF8C4" box="[1078,1190,1770,1793]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
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<emphasis id="49A10B12FFD4FFDCA417F918DFEAF8C4" box="[1078,1190,1770,1793]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Dracaena</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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spp. In
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<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFD4FFDCA4DEF918DED4F8C7" box="[1279,1432,1769,1794]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Côte d’Ivoire</collectingCountry>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFD4FFDCA0B6F8FCDA03F8E3" author="Vuattoux" box="[151,335,1806,1830]" firstAuthor="Vuattoux" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" pagination="562" refId="ref33184" refString="Vuattoux, R. (1999) Les lepidopteres hesperiides de la Station de Lamto (Cote d'Ivoire). Lambillionea, 94, 562 - 568." type="journal article" year="1999">Vuattoux (1999)</bibRefCitation>
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reared this species from
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<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFD4FFDCA249F8FCD9AFF8E3" authorityName="Link" authorityYear="1821" baseAuthorityName="Willd." box="[616,739,1805,1830]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Dracaena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborea">
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFD4FFDCA249F8FCD9AFF8E3" box="[616,739,1805,1830]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">D. arborea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="33CF848BFFD4FFDFA0E6F8C3DED0FE15" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="307" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="7B6AD700FFD4FFDFA0E6F8C3D98CFE85" blockId="5.[151,1436,1445,2010]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,464]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="307" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFD4FFDCA0E6F8C3DA2DF88F" bold="true" box="[199,353,1841,1866]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Life history.</emphasis>
|
||
SCC (in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1F44AAF1FFD4FFDCA1C9F8C3D86DF88F" author="Congdon & Collins" box="[488,801,1841,1866]" firstAuthor="Congdon" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" refId="ref30357" refString="Congdon, C. & Collins, S. (1998) Kielland's Butterflies of Tanzania Supplement. African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi, & Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren, 143 pp., 6 plates." type="book" year="1998">Congdon & Collins 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) reared this species from caterpillars on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFD4FFDCA50DF8C0DA74F8A8" authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1874" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Dracaena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="camerooniana">
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFD4FFDCA50DF8C0DA74F8A8" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Dracaena camerooniana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFD4FFDCA17CF8A4DA9EF8AB" box="[349,466,1878,1902]" name="Cameroon" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Ebogo),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFD4FFDCA264F8A7D9C2F8AB" box="[581,654,1877,1902]" name="Ghana" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Ghana</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Aburi),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFD4FFDCA2D8F8A7D801F8AB" box="[761,845,1877,1902]" name="Nigeria" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Obudu), and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFD4FFDCA3D5F8A4DFC7F8AB" box="[1012,1163,1877,1902]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Côte d’Ivoire</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Lamto), and found but failed to rear caterpillars on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFD4FFDCA1FAF888D912F857" authorityName="Ker Gawl" authorityYear="1808" baseAuthorityName="L." box="[475,606,1914,1938]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Dracaena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fragrans">
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFD4FFDCA1FAF888D912F857" box="[475,606,1914,1938]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">D. fragrans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Kakamega Forest, western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="03C29790FFD4FFDCA39AF888DF44F857" box="[955,1032,1914,1938]" name="Kenya" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The following account is based on his material and observations. The head of the final instar caterpillar (Figure 3.1–2) is yellow-brown, with a large black spot on the centre of the face, extending over the adfrontals and frons, and a smaller dorsoposterior spot; the pronotum is black, with a white gap dorsally; body grey, paler ventrally; posterior segments pale with a dark triangle dorsally. The pupa (Figure 3.3–4) is
|
||
<quantity id="BC2D7AE5FFD7FFDFA281FF4ED85EFF11" box="[672,786,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" unit="mm" value="35.0" valueMax="37.0" valueMin="33.0">33–37mm</quantity>
|
||
long, pale, with some sutures slightly darker; it and the shelter are covered with white waxy powder; the proboscis projects
|
||
<quantity id="BC2D7AE5FFD7FFDFA3B0FF2DDF4DFF3D" box="[913,1025,223,248]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" unit="mm" value="18.0" valueMax="26.0" valueMin="10.0">10–26mm</quantity>
|
||
beyond the tip of the cremaster. The shelter is made by rolling the leaf edge, and has a brown silken wall across the anterior end. The pupa is similar to those shown below for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFD7FFDFA1BDFEDAD943FE85" box="[412,527,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Gamia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shelleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFD7FFDFA1BDFEDAD943FE85" box="[412,527,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">G. shelleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Figure 4.7–9).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7B6AD700FFD7FFDFA0E6FEBFDED0FE15" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,464]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
|
||
In the BMNH Dry Early Stages collection, there is an emerged pupa (no. 6177) collected by W.A. Lamborn in 1911, 70 miles east of Lagos, but with no indication of the food plant. The shelter and cast caterpillar skin are covered with white waxy powder, but not the pupa. The shelter is probably part of a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFD7FFDFA46FFE67DFF2FE69" box="[1102,1214,405,428]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFD7FFDFA46FFE67DFF2FE69" box="[1102,1214,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Dracaena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. leaf, but the cut portion could easily be mistaken for a palm, which could be the origin of the belief that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCD5AC83FFD7FFDFA44EFE4ADFF0FE0A" authorityName="Holland" authorityYear="1896" box="[1135,1212,440,463]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Gamia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="49A10B12FFD7FFDFA44EFE4ADFF0FE0A" box="[1135,1212,440,463]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Gamia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. feed on palms.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |