375 lines
44 KiB
XML
375 lines
44 KiB
XML
<document id="FE883330BDD3560F6E7755BF8E9312DA" ID-CLB-Dataset="45772" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.279426" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a38a17de-34b0-47b8-893f-1488915b8b04" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="279426" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460420156292" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Baldwin, Carole C., Brito, Balam J., Smith, David G., Weigt, Lee A. & Escobar-Briones, Elva" docDate="2011" docId="DA2C87A6FFACFFA4FF6990434169F813" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03133p036.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3133" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Apogon phenax Bohlke and Randall" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="15" masterDocId="2615FFDEFFA7FFAAFFFE93704237FFFC" masterDocTitle="Identification of early life-history stages of Caribbean Apogon (Perciformes: Apogonidae) through DNA Barcoding" masterLastPageNumber="36" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1698329647009" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="6C74489EEA3A101279002E7D3A07F689">
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<mods:title id="A3B601FDE0AD10F0ADBB75CF07A90847">Identification of early life-history stages of Caribbean Apogon (Perciformes: Apogonidae) through DNA Barcoding</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DDEA8282E44138A97FCFE1997D6CE7A8">Baldwin, Carole C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="E4582F3877F2762ECA32B145D6339EE5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="7C0481F548F8ADA3887B01EA2C10367E">Brito, Balam J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="5DF5502FC4114EC68413932B646BF767">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="8A218CDBB90A9559BF9CC31B68464ED5">Smith, David G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="0D88C568E134772A91C918DA458B7028">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="7F80A80EB9453D170DE01C1BF9E45B09">Weigt, Lee A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2621494FAB34C1E0D402BE26D6AB59CB">Escobar-Briones, Elva</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="575A00D62C495148970185750A164B1C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="BA53DA7C2B8F94CC291926FD4ED106BC">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0D7353E8520C8361515B2AED4A200657">3133</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="4A424864433D4D92E948B6D8B911392E">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="A82D30C1BB6E1685E27C22163ADBC86A" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.279426</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="DA2C87A6FFACFFA4FF6990434169F813" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5659153" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119426657" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5659153" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DA2C87A6FFACFFA4FF6990434169F813" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DA2C87A6FFACFFA4FF6990434169F813" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<subSubSection id="1A9F653BFFACFFA4FF6990434169F813" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="523A36B0FFACFFA1FF6990434061FCB1" blockId="11.[151,598,819,845]" box="[151,598,819,845]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<heading id="097281DCFFACFFA1FF6990434061FCB1" bold="true" box="[151,598,819,845]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFACFFA1FF6990434061FCB1" ID-CoL="FSJT" authority="Bohlke and Randall" authorityName="Bohlke and Randall" box="[151,598,819,845]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phenax">
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<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFACFFA1FF6990434061FCB1" bold="true" box="[151,598,819,845]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFACFFA1FF6990434360FCB1" bold="true" box="[151,343,819,845]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Apogon phenax</emphasis>
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Böhlke and Randall
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="523A36B0FFACFFA1FF699009415DFBBA" blockId="11.[151,1437,889,1454]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFACFFA1FF6990094377FC6E" bold="true" box="[151,320,889,914]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Identification.</emphasis>
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Sixteen adult specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFACFFA1FD76900A40CCFC6E" box="[648,763,890,914]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phenax">
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<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFACFFA1FD76900A40CCFC6E" box="[648,763,890,914]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A. phenax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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provided the basis for genetic identification of larvae and juveniles (Appendix 1, one adult is shown in
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<figureCitation id="CABE2A35FFACFFA1FD6D90EE40D2FC4A" box="[659,741,926,950]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="11.[151,250,2006,2029]" captionTargetBox="[182,1391,1531,1961]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[160,1426,1493,1985]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 10. Apogon phenax, adult, 32.0 mm SL, DNA # BLZ 5268, photograph by J. Mounts." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279435/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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). Adult
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<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFACFFA1FCBF90EE4186FC4A" box="[833,945,926,950]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phenax">
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<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFACFFA1FCBF90EE4186FC4A" box="[833,945,926,950]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A. phenax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from other
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<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFACFFA1FADC90EE474EFC4A" box="[1314,1401,926,950]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFACFFA1FADC90EE474EFC4A" box="[1314,1401,926,950]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Apogon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the combination of eight segmented anal-fin rays, body and lateral-line scales of similar size, body with two distinct dark markings (one wedge-shaped bar below and just behind second dorsal fin and a bar on the posterior part of caudal peduncle—the distance between the two bars larger than the width of the posterior bar), and 11 to 14 (usually 13–14) gill rakers (
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<bibRefCitation id="36144B41FFACFFA1FE30975E40E9FBBA" author="Bohlke" box="[462,734,1070,1094]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Bohlke, J. E. & Chaplin, C. C. G. (1993) Fishes of the Bahamas and Adjacent Tropical Waters. Second Edition. University of Texas Press, Austin, 771 pp." type="book" year="1993">Böhlke & Chaplin 1993</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="36144B41FFACFFA1FD14975E4169FBBA" author="Gon" box="[746,862,1070,1094]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Gon, O. (2002) Apogonidae. In: Carpenter, K. (Ed.) The living marine resources of the Western Central North Atlantic. Vol. 3: Bony fishes part 2 (Opistognathidae to Molidae), sea turtles and marine mammals. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes and American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists Special Publication No. 5, Rome, pp. 1386 - 1391." type="book chapter" year="2002">Gon 2002</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="523A36B0FFACFFA1FF3997214044FA52" blockId="11.[151,1437,889,1454]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFACFFA1FF399721439FFB96" bold="true" box="[199,424,1105,1130]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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Juveniles (
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<figureCitation id="CABE2A35FFACFFA1FEB8972143AFFB96" box="[326,408,1105,1130]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="12.[151,250,674,697]" captionTargetBox="[185,1386,228,616]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[162,1425,193,651]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 11. Apogon phenax, juvenile, 16.0 mm SL, DNA # BLZ 8166, photograph by C. Baldwin and L. Weigt." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279436/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
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).
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</emphasis>
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Eight juveniles, 16.0–22.0 mm SL, are present in our material. The body is pale orange. The head, abdomen, first dorsal fin, bases of second dorsal and anal fins, and posterior portion of the caudal peduncle are darker pink/orange. There are melanophores on the head, gut, outer rays of the caudal fin and on the distal portions of the second dorsal and anal fins. Two dark bars are present on the trunk in all juveniles. The anterior bar is somewhat wedge shaped (slightly broader dorsally than ventrally) and extends ventrally to a point slightly below mid body or slightly above the anal-fin base. This bar is confluent with a stripe of melanophores along the second dorsal-fin base and separated by a gap from a similar stripe along the anal-fin base. The bar on the caudal peduncle extends from the dorsal to the ventral margins of the body.
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<collectingCountry id="2A927620FFACFFA1FCD8963E4172FA9A" box="[806,837,1358,1382]" name="American Samoa" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">As</collectingCountry>
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in adults, the distance between the two bars is greater than the width of the posterior bar. There are 13–14 lower-limb gill rakers on the first arch in the juveniles, which is consistent with values for adults (
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<tableCitation id="1F07030BFFACFFA1FDF096E64051FA52" box="[526,614,1430,1454]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,239,787,811]" captionTargetBox="[165,1372,912,1763]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 2. Typical values and upper and lower extremes of numbers of gill rakers on the lower limb of the first arch in western Atlantic Apogon species. Data are from Böhlke and Chaplin 1968, Böhlke and Randall 1968, Dale 1977, Smith- Vaniz 1977, Randall and Böhlke 1981, Gilbert and Tyler 1997, and Gon, 2002." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/06FA6638FFA2FFAFFF69906341E8FC92" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" tableUuid="06FA6638FFA2FFAFFF69906341E8FC92">Table 2</tableCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="06FA6638FFACFFA1FF6994A64653F810" box="[151,1124,2006,2029]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279435/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" targetBox="[182,1391,1531,1961]" targetPageId="11">
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<paragraph id="523A36B0FFACFFA1FF6994A64653F810" blockId="11.[151,1124,2006,2029]" box="[151,1124,2006,2029]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFACFFA1FF6994A64328F810" bold="true" box="[151,287,2006,2029]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFACFFA1FEDB94A743FDF811" box="[293,458,2007,2029]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFACFFA1FEDB94A743F1F811" box="[293,454,2007,2029]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phenax">Apogon phenax</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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adult, 32.0 mm SL, DNA # BLZ 5268, photograph by J. Mounts.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="06FA6638FFABFFA6FF6991D2472CFD44" box="[151,1307,674,697]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279436/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" targetBox="[185,1386,228,616]" targetPageId="12">
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<paragraph id="523A36B0FFABFFA6FF6991D2472CFD44" blockId="12.[151,1307,674,697]" box="[151,1307,674,697]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFABFFA6FF6991D24329FD44" bold="true" box="[151,286,674,697]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFABFFA6FEDA91D343FEFD45" box="[292,457,675,697]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFABFFA6FEDA91D343F2FD45" box="[292,453,675,697]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phenax">Apogon phenax</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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juvenile, 16.0 mm SL, DNA # BLZ 8166, photograph by C. Baldwin and L. Weigt.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="523A36B0FFABFFA6FF3990764019FCB4" blockId="12.[151,1436,774,1708]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFABFFA6FF3990764075FCE3" bold="true" box="[199,578,774,799]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Comparisons Among Juveniles.</emphasis>
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Juvenile
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<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFABFFA6FD5090774128FCE3" box="[686,799,775,799]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phenax">
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<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFABFFA6FD5090774128FCE3" box="[686,799,775,799]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. phenax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from other juvenile
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<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFABFFA6FB0990774779FCE3" box="[1271,1358,775,799]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFABFFA6FB0990774779FCE3" box="[1271,1358,775,799]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Apogon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the same characters that separate adults.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="523A36B0FFABFFA6FF39902A4117FB19" blockId="12.[151,1436,774,1708]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFABFFA6FF39902A43BAFC8D" bold="true" box="[199,397,857,882]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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Larvae (
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<figureCitation id="CABE2A35FFABFFA6FED59029434AFC8E" box="[299,381,857,882]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1433,1456]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,181,1410]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[155,1432,181,1410]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 12. Apogon phenax a) larva, 9.5 mm SL, DNA # BLZ 6335; b) larva, 10.0 mm SL, DNA # BLZ 6361; c) larva, 11.0 mm SL, DNA # BLZ 6359; photographs by J. Mounts and C. Baldwin." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279437/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
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||
).
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFABFFA6FE6D90294075FC8D" box="[403,578,857,881]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phenax">
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<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFABFFA6FE6D90294075FC8D" box="[403,578,857,881]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Apogon phenax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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larvae genetically analyzed in this study range from 9.5 to 11.0 mm SL. The smaller specimens are bright orange in life, and the fins are clear (
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<figureCitation id="CABE2A35FFABFFA6FC7890F341EEFC67" box="[902,985,899,923]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1433,1456]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,181,1410]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[155,1432,181,1410]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 12. Apogon phenax a) larva, 9.5 mm SL, DNA # BLZ 6335; b) larva, 10.0 mm SL, DNA # BLZ 6361; c) larva, 11.0 mm SL, DNA # BLZ 6359; photographs by J. Mounts and C. Baldwin." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279437/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
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a). Much of the snout is transparent, but there is a conspicuous orange spot above the upper lip. The upper and lower jaws have scattered orange chromatophores. A nearly solid line of orange pigment extends along the base of the anal fin and ventral midline of the caudal peduncle. A 10.0–mm SL specimen (
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<figureCitation id="CABE2A35FFABFFA6FD96908F408EFBEB" box="[616,697,1023,1047]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1433,1456]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,181,1410]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[155,1432,181,1410]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 12. Apogon phenax a) larva, 9.5 mm SL, DNA # BLZ 6335; b) larva, 10.0 mm SL, DNA # BLZ 6361; c) larva, 11.0 mm SL, DNA # BLZ 6359; photographs by J. Mounts and C. Baldwin." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279437/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
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b) is paler orange in general, has more pale areas on the snout and jaws, and has a large pale area on the dorsal portion of the caudal peduncle. There are a few orange chromatophores at the bases of the central and ventral rays of the caudal fin. In one 11.0 mm SL specimen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CABE2A35FFABFFA6FAFC97214761FB95" box="[1282,1366,1105,1129]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1433,1456]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,181,1410]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[155,1432,181,1410]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 12. Apogon phenax a) larva, 9.5 mm SL, DNA # BLZ 6335; b) larva, 10.0 mm SL, DNA # BLZ 6361; c) larva, 11.0 mm SL, DNA # BLZ 6359; photographs by J. Mounts and C. Baldwin." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279437/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
c), the dark bars characteristic of juveniles and adults are beginning to form posteriorly, and the area between the bars is pale. In all larvae there are melanophores on top of the head, in the temporal region, and over the swim bladder and gut. The caudal-peduncle length ranges from 32–36% SL.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="523A36B0FFABFFA6FF399786471BF950" blockId="12.[151,1436,774,1708]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFABFFA6FF399786401BFAF3" bold="true" box="[199,556,1270,1295]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Comparisons Among Larvae.</emphasis>
|
||
The smallest larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFABFFA6FCBE97874184FAF3" box="[832,947,1271,1295]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phenax">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFABFFA6FCBE97874184FAF3" box="[832,947,1271,1295]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. phenax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resemble larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFABFFA6FB649787477EFAF3" box="[1178,1353,1271,1295]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aurolineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFABFFA6FB649787477EFAF3" box="[1178,1353,1271,1295]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. aurolineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFABFFA6FA7A9787433DFAC4" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFABFFA6FA7A9787433DFAC4" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. maculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in usually having a bright orange body color, but they differ in lacking orange/yellow (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFABFFA6FB18965047A4FAC4" box="[1254,1427,1312,1336]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aurolineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFABFFA6FB18965047A4FAC4" box="[1254,1427,1312,1336]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. aurolineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or orange (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFABFFA6FEEA9639439FFA9D" box="[276,424,1353,1377]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFABFFA6FEEA9639439FFA9D" box="[276,424,1353,1377]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. maculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) pigment on the first dorsal fin;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFABFFA6FCE0963941FCFA9D" box="[798,971,1353,1377]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aurolineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFABFFA6FCE0963941FCFA9D" box="[798,971,1353,1377]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. aurolineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also has orange second dorsal, anal, and pelvic fins, which are clear in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFABFFA6FE129603406BFA77" box="[492,604,1395,1419]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phenax">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFABFFA6FE129603406BFA77" box="[492,604,1395,1419]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. phenax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae. Additionally, larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFABFFA6FC459603461CFA77" box="[955,1067,1395,1419]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phenax">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFABFFA6FC459603461CFA77" box="[955,1067,1395,1419]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. phenax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have more melanophores on top of the head than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFABFFA6FEAC96EC43CAFA48" box="[338,509,1436,1460]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aurolineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFABFFA6FEAC96EC43CAFA48" box="[338,509,1436,1460]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. aurolineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and a longer caudal peduncle than that species and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFABFFA6FBBC96EC46E3FA48" box="[1090,1236,1436,1460]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFABFFA6FBBC96EC46E3FA48" box="[1090,1236,1436,1460]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. maculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(caudal-peduncle length 32% SL or larger in
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFABFFA6FE3096B64071FA22" box="[462,582,1478,1502]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFABFFA6FE3096B64075FA22" box="[462,578,1478,1502]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phenax">A. phenax</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
27–29% SL in
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFABFFA6FD0796B6419AFA22" box="[761,941,1478,1502]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFABFFA6FD0796B6419FFA22" box="[761,936,1478,1502]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aurolineatus">A. aurolineatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
30% in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFABFFA6FBF096B64696FA22" box="[1038,1185,1478,1502]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFABFFA6FBF096B64696FA22" box="[1038,1185,1478,1502]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. maculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Larger
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFABFFA6FAF596B642F7F9FB" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phenax">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFABFFA6FAF596B642F7F9FB" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Apogon phenax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae are very similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFABFFA6FDB7969F40E6F9FB" box="[585,721,1519,1543]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="binotatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFABFFA6FDB7969F40E6F9FB" box="[585,721,1519,1543]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. binotatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and somewhat similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFABFFA6FBA2969F46DAF9FB" box="[1116,1261,1519,1543]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="townsendi">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFABFFA6FBA2969F46DAF9FB" box="[1116,1261,1519,1543]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. townsendi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but they differ from both in having a conspicuous orange spot above the upper lip (vs. small and pale, if present). Larval
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFABFFA6FAD2956847ABF9CC" box="[1324,1436,1560,1584]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phenax">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFABFFA6FAD2956847ABF9CC" box="[1324,1436,1560,1584]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. phenax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be separated from larval
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFABFFA6FE2095314058F9A5" box="[478,623,1601,1625]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="planifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFABFFA6FE2095314058F9A5" box="[478,623,1601,1625]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. planifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the absence of bright yellow pigment on the head and from larval
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFABFFA6FA7A953142D1F97F" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mosavi">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFABFFA6FA7A953142D1F97F" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. mosavi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the absence of a distinctive pattern of chromatophores on the median fins. We have identified no morphological features to separate preserved
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFABFFA6FD9995E44626F950" box="[615,1041,1684,1708]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFABFFA6FD9995E440EDF950" box="[615,730,1684,1708]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phenax">A. phenax</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFABFFA6FD1A95E44159F950" box="[740,878,1684,1708]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="binotatus">A. binotatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFABFFA6FC8495E44639F950" box="[890,1038,1684,1708]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="townsendi">A. townsendi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFABFFA6FBB695E446EEF950" box="[1096,1241,1684,1708]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="planifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFABFFA6FBB695E446EEF950" box="[1096,1241,1684,1708]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. planifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="06FA6638FFAAFFA7FF6996E9415FFA2F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279437/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" targetBox="[155,1432,181,1410]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="523A36B0FFAAFFA7FF6996E9415FFA2F" blockId="13.[151,1436,1433,1491]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFAAFFA7FF6996E94328FA53" bold="true" box="[151,287,1433,1456]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFAAFFA7FED896EA43F3FA4C" box="[294,452,1434,1456]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phenax">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFAAFFA7FED896EA43F3FA4C" box="[294,452,1434,1456]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Apogon phenax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a) larva, 9.5 mm SL, DNA # BLZ 6335; b) larva, 10.0 mm SL, DNA # BLZ 6361; c) larva, 11.0 mm SL, DNA # BLZ 6359; photographs by J. Mounts and C. Baldwin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="523A36B0FFAAFFA7FF69955743ECF9B8" blockId="13.[151,475,1575,1604]" box="[151,475,1575,1604]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFAAFFA7FF69955743ECF9B8" authority="Bohlke" authorityName="Bohlke" box="[151,475,1575,1604]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lachneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFAAFFA7FF69955743ECF9B8" bold="true" box="[151,475,1575,1604]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFAAFFA7FF6995574343F9BF" bold="true" box="[151,372,1575,1603]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Apogon lachneri</emphasis>
|
||
Böhlke
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="523A36B0FFAAFFA7FF699500436AF89C" blockId="13.[151,1436,1648,1888]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFAAFFA7FF6995004377F975" bold="true" box="[151,320,1648,1673]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Identification.</emphasis>
|
||
Four adult specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFAAFFA7FDA1950140E2F975" box="[607,725,1649,1673]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lachneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFAAFFA7FDA1950140E2F975" box="[607,725,1649,1673]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">A.lachneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
provided the basis for genetic identification of seven juveniles (Appendix 1; one adult is shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="CABE2A35FFAAFFA7FDCF95E440B2F950" box="[561,645,1684,1708]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="14.[151,250,761,784]" captionTargetBox="[194,1380,197,723]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,161,739]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 13. Apogon lachneri, adult, 36.0 mm SL, DNA # BLZ 5118, photograph by J. Mounts and C. Baldwin." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279438/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
). The combination of characters that distinguishes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFAAFFA7FB2D95E54767F951" box="[1235,1360,1685,1709]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lachneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFAAFFA7FB2D95E54767F951" box="[1235,1360,1685,1709]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">A. lachneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
adults from other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFAAFFA7FEE995C94359F92D" box="[279,366,1721,1745]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFAAFFA7FEE995C94359F92D" box="[279,366,1721,1745]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Apogon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species is eight segmented anal-fin rays; 16–17 gill rakers on the lower limb of the first arch; lateral-line and body scales of similar size; a small dark saddle behind the second dorsal fin, followed by a white spot (white spot may not be apparent in preserved specimens); a large dark area on the first dorsal fin posterior to the second spine; and anterior portions of the second dorsal and anal fins dark to dusky distally (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="36144B41FFAAFFA7FB33945442E5F89C" author="Bohlke" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Bohlke, J. E. & Chaplin, C. C. G. (1993) Fishes of the Bahamas and Adjacent Tropical Waters. Second Edition. University of Texas Press, Austin, 771 pp." type="book" year="1993">Böhlke & Chaplin 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="36144B41FFAAFFA7FF2394384366F89C" author="Gon" box="[221,337,1864,1888]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Gon, O. (2002) Apogonidae. In: Carpenter, K. (Ed.) The living marine resources of the Western Central North Atlantic. Vol. 3: Bony fishes part 2 (Opistognathidae to Molidae), sea turtles and marine mammals. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes and American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists Special Publication No. 5, Rome, pp. 1386 - 1391." type="book chapter" year="2002">Gon 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="06FA6638FFA9FFA4FF6991894724FCEC" box="[151,1299,761,784]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279438/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" targetBox="[194,1380,197,723]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="523A36B0FFA9FFA4FF6991894724FCEC" blockId="14.[151,1299,761,784]" box="[151,1299,761,784]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFA9FFA4FF6991894328FCF3" bold="true" box="[151,287,761,784]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURE 13.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFA9FFA4FEDB918B43E2FCEC" box="[293,469,762,784]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFA9FFA4FEDB918B43E6FCEC" box="[293,465,762,784]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lachneri">Apogon lachneri</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
adult, 36.0 mm SL, DNA # BLZ 5118, photograph by J. Mounts and C. Baldwin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="523A36B0FFA9FFA4FF39903040B8FBCC" blockId="14.[151,1436,832,1072]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFA9FFA4FF3990304399FCA4" bold="true" box="[199,430,832,857]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Juveniles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CABE2A35FFA9FFA4FEB6903043A8FCA5" box="[328,415,832,857]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1652,1675]" captionTargetBox="[210,1383,1124,1596]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[173,1413,1091,1631]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 14. Apogon lachneri, juvenile, 21.0 mm SL, DNA # BLZ 5265, photograph by J. Mounts." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279439/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Juveniles examined range from 18.0–22.0 mm SL. In all specimens, the body is pale orange, and the dark pattern of pigment on the dorsal and anal fins typical of adults is conspicuous. The caudal-fin rays are densely covered with melanophores. There are scattered melanophores on the head in the smallest juveniles. The posterior margins of the scales on the dorsal portion of the trunk and caudal peduncle are covered with melanophores, forming roughly diamond-shaped patterns of pigment on the body. The dark saddle behind the second dorsal fin characteristic of adults is beginning to develop or fully present in all specimens. There are 16 gill rakers on the lower limb of the first gill arch.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="06FA6638FFA9FFA4FF69950446B8F976" box="[151,1167,1652,1675]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279439/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" targetBox="[210,1383,1124,1596]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="523A36B0FFA9FFA4FF69950446B8F976" blockId="14.[151,1167,1652,1675]" box="[151,1167,1652,1675]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFA9FFA4FF6995044328F976" bold="true" box="[151,287,1652,1675]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURE 14.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFA9FFA4FEDB950543E2F977" box="[293,469,1653,1675]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFA9FFA4FEDB950543E6F977" box="[293,465,1653,1675]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lachneri">Apogon lachneri</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
juvenile, 21.0 mm SL, DNA # BLZ 5265, photograph by J. Mounts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="523A36B0FFA9FFA4FF3995C74169F813" blockId="14.[151,1436,1719,2031]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFA9FFA4FF3995C74074F92C" bold="true" box="[199,579,1719,1744]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Comparisons Among Juveniles.</emphasis>
|
||
Juvenile
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFA9FFA4FD4E95C74118F933" box="[688,815,1719,1743]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lachneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFA9FFA4FD4E95C74118F933" box="[688,815,1719,1743]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A. lachneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFA9FFA4FB7795C746D7F933" box="[1161,1248,1719,1743]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFA9FFA4FB7795C746D7F933" box="[1161,1248,1719,1743]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Apogon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
juveniles by the conspicuous dark pigment on the dorsal and anal fins. It resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFA9FFA4FC7895AB4605F90F" box="[902,1074,1755,1779]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aurolineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFA9FFA4FC7895AB4605F90F" box="[902,1074,1755,1779]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A. aurolineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in lacking dark markings on the caudal peduncle, but it is easily separated from that species by the dark saddle behind the second dorsal fin (vs. no distinguishing marks on the body in juvenile
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFA9FFA4FD5F94534178F8C7" box="[673,847,1827,1851]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aurolineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFA9FFA4FD5F94534178F8C7" box="[673,847,1827,1851]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A. aurolineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFA9FFA4FC9794534611F8C7" box="[873,1062,1827,1851]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lachneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFA9FFA4FC9794534611F8C7" box="[873,1062,1827,1851]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Apogon lachneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
juveniles most closely resemble those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFA9FFA4FF08943743BFF8A3" box="[246,392,1863,1887]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFA9FFA4FF08943743BFF8A3" box="[246,392,1863,1887]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A. maculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFA9FFA4FE43943740A8F8A3" box="[445,671,1863,1887]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudomaculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFA9FFA4FE43943740A8F8A3" box="[445,671,1863,1887]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A. pseudomaculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having a dark spot of pigment associated with the base of the second dorsal fin, but the position of the spot distinguishes them (behind the last ray of the second dorsal fin in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFA9FFA4FA7A941B42C3F85B" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lachneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFA9FFA4FA7A941B42C3F85B" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A. lachneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; on the posterior base of that fin in
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFA9FFA4FD8094FF4120F85B" box="[638,791,1935,1959]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFA9FFA4FD8094FF4124F85B" box="[638,787,1935,1959]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatus">A. maculatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and well below the posterior base of the second dorsal fin in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFA9FFA4FF4A94C343A1F837" box="[180,406,1971,1995]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudomaculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFA9FFA4FF4A94C343A1F837" box="[180,406,1971,1995]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A. pseudomaculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Juvenile
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFA9FFA4FDEF94C340BAF837" box="[529,653,1971,1995]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lachneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFA9FFA4FDEF94C340BAF837" box="[529,653,1971,1995]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A. lachneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can further be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFA9FFA4FBEE94C346ACF837" box="[1040,1179,1971,1995]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFA9FFA4FBEE94C346ACF837" box="[1040,1179,1971,1995]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A.maculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFA9FFA4FB2C94C3428FF813" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudomaculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFA9FFA4FB2C94C3428FF813" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A. pseudomaculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by lacking a dark blotch of pigment on the caudal peduncle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |