515 lines
37 KiB
XML
515 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.231.3687" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9f36ba97-970f-40b6-ab7b-339c1f4cc0ef" ID-PMC="PMC3494023" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-231-1" ID-PubMed="23204912" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-231-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 231" ModsDocTitle="A revision of the new world species of Polytrichophora Cresson and Facitrichophora, new genus (Diptera, Ephydridae)" checkinTime="1451248656124" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Mathis, Wayne N. & Zatwarnicki, Tadeusz" docDate="2012" docId="B178D9BA49F7D4C9E0B25ED05BF93901" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 231: 1-116" docOrigin="ZooKeys 231" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.231.3687" docTitle="Polytrichophora reginae Mathis" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="72" masterDocId="FFE9FFC5E821FFA5FFA88C0071260670" masterDocTitle="A revision of the new world species of Polytrichophora Cresson and Facitrichophora, new genus (Diptera, Ephydridae)" masterLastPageNumber="116" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="67" updateTime="1668154588673" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A revision of the new world species of Polytrichophora Cresson and Facitrichophora, new genus (Diptera, Ephydridae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mathis, Wayne N.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Zatwarnicki, Tadeusz</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>231</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>116</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.231.3687</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.231.3687</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-231-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037406" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B178D9BA49F7D4C9E0B25ED05BF93901" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B178D9BA49F7D4C9E0B25ED05BF93901" lastPageId="71" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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<subSubSection pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Polytrichophora_reginae" authority="Mathis" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora reginae" order="Diptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reginae">Polytrichophora reginae Mathis</taxonomicName>
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Figs 119123
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora reginae" order="Diptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reginae">Polytrichophora reginae</taxonomicName>
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Mathis 1997: 39.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="67" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="66" pageNumber="67">This species is distinguished from congeners by the following combination of characters: Small to moderately small shore flies, body length 1.70-2.40 mm.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="67" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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Head: Frons dull, heavily microtomentose, 2-toned, mostly tan with some faint golden reflections on posterior 2/3, anterior 1/3 (from level of fronto-orbital setae anteriad), gray. Antenna mostly yellow to yellowish orange, anterior portion of pedicel and basodorsal area of basal flagellomere with some blackish coloration; arista with 5 dorsal rays. Face at narrowest point about equal to combined length of pedicel and
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<pageBreakToken pageId="67" pageNumber="68" start="start">basal</pageBreakToken>
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flagellomere; face densely microtomentose, microtomentum with shiny to pearly luster, mostly white but with considerable gold coloration in antennal grooves and extended laterally onto parafacial; parafacial not markedly differing from middle of face in color, more golden dorsally, becoming whiter ventrally; parafacial with slight to considerable ventral dilation; parafacial 2-3 times wider ventrally than dorsally; gena relatively short, less than 1/4 eye height; gena-to-eye ratio 0.12-0.14.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Thorax: Mesonotum mostly dull, densely microtomentose, concolorous with posterior 2/3 of frons; pleural area blackish gray. Anterior margin of wing lacking spine-like setae; costal vein ratio 0.36-0.43; M vein ratio 0.56-0.62. Forefemur lacking row of 9-10 short, stout setae along apical half of anteroventral surface; forefemur with a row of 7-9, well-developed, evenly spaced posteroventral setae, each equal to width of femur; tibiae mostly yellowish; basal tarsomeres yellow, apical 1-2 brown.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Abdomen: Tergites 1-4 bicolored, subshiny to dull, dark gray medially, gray lateroventrally; tergites 3-4 of male subequal in length, tergite 4 not unusually longer, tergite 3 not produced ventrolaterally; dorsum of tergite 5 of male not darker than preceding tergites and usually with distinct, semicircular, grayish areas laterally; tergite 5 of male in dorsal view blunt, truncate, bearing row of 6-10, distinctly larger setae along extreme posterior margin with posterodorsal orientation; tergite 5 of male also gray on posterior 1/2-1/3; sternites 3-4 of male with dense row of setulae along posterior margin; sternite 5 as 2 subtriangular sternites. Male terminalia (Fig s 119-122): Epandrium not connected dorsally above cerci, in posterior view (Fig. 119) tapered ventrally to an acutely pointed apex under which lies cordate-shaped, laterally flanged anterior margin (Fig. 119); epandrium in lateral view (Fig. 120) slightly curved anteroventrally, pointed apically, and with subapical ledge that also ends ventrally in a point, bearing large, subapical setae laterally (Figs 119-120); gonite in lateral view rod-like, shallowly curved (Fig. 122); aedeagus in lateral view (Fig. 122) shallowly sinuous, bifurcate apically, anterior process sclerotized, posterior process longer, wider, membranous, apex complicated with gill-like folds laterally, apex slender, recurved anterodorsally giving appearance of rounded apex; phallapodeme with extended flange fan-like (Fig. 122); hypandrium in lateral view sinuous (Fig. 122), in posterior view deeply Y-shaped.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="68" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="68" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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The holotype male is labeled "BELIZE.StannCreek Dist: Wee Wee Cay, 6-9 November 1987[,] W.N. and D. Mathis/HOLOTYPE Polytrichophora reginae ♂ W. N.Mathis USNM [species name and gender handwritten, red]." The holotype is double mounted (minuten pin in a block of plastic), is in excellent condition, and is deposited in the USNM. The allotype female and 15 paratypes (3♂, 12♀; USNM) bear the same label data as the holotype. A female paratype is from the same district in Belize as follows: Twin Cays (Aanderaa Flats), Nov 1987, W. N. and D. Mathis (1♀; USNM). Other paratypes are as follows: PERU. Cuzco: Paucartambo, Atalaya (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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Alto Madre de Dios;
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-12.885">12°53.1'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-71.36">71°21.6'W</geoCoordinate>
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; 600 m), 4 Sep 1988, W. N. Mathis (2♂; USNM).
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Huánuco">Huanuco</normalizedToken>
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:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Huánaco">Huanaco</normalizedToken>
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(10 km N), Rio Huallaga, 4 Feb 1984, W. N. Mathis (2♂, 1♀; USNM). Madre de Dios:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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Manu, Cocha Salvador (
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-11.998333">11°59.9'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-71.23167">71°13.9'W</geoCoordinate>
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300m), 14 Sep 1988, W. N. Mathis (1♂, 1♀; USNM); Diamante (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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Alto Madre de Dios;
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-12.331667">12°19.9'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-70.958336">70°57.5'W</geoCoordinate>
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; 400 m), 7 Sep 1988, W. N. Mathis (2♂,
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<pageBreakToken pageId="68" pageNumber="69" start="start">1</pageBreakToken>
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♀; USNM); Quebrada Romero (near; Rio Manu;
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-12.116667">12°07'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-70.96667">70°58'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 8 Sep 1988, W. N. Mathis (1♀; USNM);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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Manu, Pakitza (
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-11.943334">11°56.6'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-71.28167">71°16.9'W</geoCoordinate>
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; 250 m), 9-23 Sep 1988, W. N. Mathis (4♂, 4♀; USNM).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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West Indies. ST. LUCIA. Marquis (1.5 km S,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="14.016666">14°01'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-60.916668">60°55'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 17 Jun 1992, W. N. and D. Mathis (2♂, 3♀; USNM).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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Belize. Stann Creek: Wee Wee Cay (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="16.765">16°45.9'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-88.14333">88°08.6'W</geoCoordinate>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="70" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="other specimens examined">
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<paragraph pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Other specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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Neotropical. ARGENTINA.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Tucumán">Tucuman</normalizedToken>
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:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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Colorado (
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-27.15">27°09'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-65.35667">65°21.4'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 17 Jan 1948, R. Golbach (1♀; USNM).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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BOLIVIA. El Beni: Huachi, Sep, W.M. Mann (1♂, 1♀; USNM); Rosario Lake, Rogagua, 28 Oct-9 Nov 1921, W.M. Mann (1♀; USNM). La Paz: Guanay (3 km E;
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-15.503333">15°30.2'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-67.871666">67°52.3'W</geoCoordinate>
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; 500 m), 14 Mar 2001, W. N. Mathis (15♂, 8♀; USNM); Mapiri (Rio Mapiri;
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-15.31">15°18.6'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-68.21667">68°13'W</geoCoordinate>
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; 720 m), 17 Mar 2001, W. N. Mathis (1♂, 2♀; USNM); Puente Villa (2 km E;
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-16.4">16°24'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-67.63333">67°38'W</geoCoordinate>
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; 1960 m), 11 Mar 2001, W. N. Mathis (2♂; USNM); San Pedro (3 km NE; 16°S,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-67.58833">67°35.3'W</geoCoordinate>
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; 780 m), 12 Mar 2001, W. N. Mathis (5♂, 7♀; USNM); Tajlihui (
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-15.68">15°40.8'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-67.695">67°41.7'W</geoCoordinate>
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; 590 m), 12 Mar 2001, W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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BRAZIL.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
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. Morretes (
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-25.466667">25°28'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-48.985">48°59.1'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 29 Aug 2000, D. and W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM); Parque
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Igauçu">Igaucu</normalizedToken>
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(
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-25.556667">25°33.4'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-49.226665">49°13.6'W</geoCoordinate>
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; 880 m), 12 Apr 2010, D. and W. N. Mathis (4♀; DZUP, USNM).
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<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
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Paulo. Ubatuba, Praia do Estaleiro (
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-23.341667">23°20.5'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-44.883335">44°53'W</geoCoordinate>
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; beach), 29 Mar 2010, D. and W. N. Mathis (2♀; DZUP, USNM); Ubatuba, Praia Puruba (
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-23.35">23°21'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-44.926666">44°55.6'W</geoCoordinate>
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; beach), 29 Mar 2010, D. and W. N. Mathis (5♂; USNM).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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COSTA RICA. Cartago: La Suiza (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="9.858334">9°51.5'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-83.625">83°37.5'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 28 Jun 2001, W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM). Guanacaste: Liberia (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="10.63">10°37.8'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-85.44">85°26.4'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 27 Mar 1987, J. M. Hill (1♀; USNM); Santa Cruz (14 km S;
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="10.173333">10°10.4'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-85.595">85°35.7'W</geoCoordinate>
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; 180 m), 23 Jun 2001, D. and W. N. Mathis (8♂, 2♀; USNM). Heredia: Santo Domingo (Parque INBIO;
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="9.983334">9°59'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-85.1">85°06'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 23 Jun 2001, D. and W. N. Mathis (1♀; USNM).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. Barahona: Baoruco (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="18.076666">18°04.6'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-71.09167">71°05.5'W</geoCoordinate>
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; beach and river), 19 May 1998, D. and W. N. Mathis (1♀; USNM). Hato Mayor: Hato Mayor (5.5 km E;
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="18.773333">18°46.4'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-69.208336">69°12.5'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 26 May 1998, D. and W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM). La Vega: Constanza (ca. 14 km SE;
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="18.856667">18°51.4'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-70.68667">70°41.2'W</geoCoordinate>
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; 1505 m), 15 May 1998, D. and W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM); El Rio (9.5 km E;
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="19.015">19°0.9'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-70.558334">70°33.5'W</geoCoordinate>
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; 980 m), 6 May 1995, W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM); Jarabacoa (1-2 km S;
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="19.115">19°06.9'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-70.61667">70°37'W</geoCoordinate>
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; 520 m), 8-21 May 1995, 1998, D. and W. N. Mathis (15♂, 15♀; USNM); Rio Camu (3.5 km NW La Vega;
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="19.228333">19°13.7'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-70.58667">70°35.2'W</geoCoordinate>
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; 100 m), 10 May 1995, 1998, D. and W. N. Mathis (16♂, 2♀; USNM); Salto Baiguate (near Jarabacoa;
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="19.091667">19°05.5'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-70.615">70°36.9'W</geoCoordinate>
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; 570 m), 9-16 May 1995, 1998, D. and W. N. Mathis (2♂, 5♀; USNM). Peravia: Rio Ocoa (San
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<normalizedToken originalValue="José">Jose</normalizedToken>
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Ocoa;
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="18.528334">18°31.7'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-70.50667">70°30.4'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 21 May 1998, D. and W. N. Mathis (1♀; USNM). Puerto Plata: Rio Camu (14 km E Puerto Plata;
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="19.698334">19°41.9'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-70.625">70°37.5'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
), 23 May 1998, D. and W. N. Mathis (10♂; USNM).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph lastPageId="69" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
|
ECUADOR. El Oro: Pasaje (6 km E;
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-3.3016667">3°18.1'S</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-79.785">79°47.1'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
), 13 Jan 1978, W. N. Mathis (1♂, 6♀; USNM). Guayas: Gala (
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-3.0116668">3°0.7'S</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-79.738335">79°44.3'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
), Dec 1955, J. R. Levi-Castillo (5♀; USNM). Loja: Catamayo (
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-3.9833333">3°59'S</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-79.35">79°21'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
), Dec 1955, J. R. Levi-Cast
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="69" pageNumber="70" start="start">illo</pageBreakToken>
|
|
(4♂, 1♀; USNM).
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Manabí">Manabi</normalizedToken>
|
|
: Pichincha (
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-0.14666668">0°08.8'S</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-78.475">78°28.5'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
), Aug 1955, J. R. Levi-Castillo (6♀; USNM). Puerto Orellana: Rio Tiputini Biodiversity Station (
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-0.63666666">0°38.2'S</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-76.14833">76°8.9'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
), 12-26 Aug 1999, A. Baptista, M. Kotrba, W. N. Mathis (10♂, 3♀; USNM).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
|
EL SALVADOR. Acajutla (
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="13.59">13°35.4'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-89.83">89°49.8'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
), Dec 1953, W. B. Heed (2♀; USNM).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
|
GRENADA. St. Andrew: Balthazar (
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="12.128333">12°07.7'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-61.655">61°39.3'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
), 19 Sep 1996, W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM). St. John: Palmiste Lake (
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="12.138333">12°08.3'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-61.733334">61°44'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
), 19 Sep 1996, W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
|
GUYANA. Kaieteur Falls (
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="5.175">5°10.5'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-59.481667">59°28.9'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
), 21-24 Aug 1997, W. N. Mathis (1♀; USNM); Karanambo (Rupununi River;
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="3.7516665">3°45.1'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-59.31">59°18.6'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
; 85m), 1-3 Dec 2010, W. N. Mathis (2♂, 1♀; USNM); Pirara Ranch and River (
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="3.5349998">03°32.1'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-59.675">59°40.5'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
), 24-25 Apr 1995, W. N. Mathis (1♀; USNM); Takutu Mountains (
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="6.25">6°15'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-59.083332">59°05'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
), 17 Dec 1983, P. J. Spangler, W. E. Steiner (1♀; USNM).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
|
HONDURAS.
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cortés">Cortes</normalizedToken>
|
|
: Omoa (
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="15.796667">15°47.8'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-87.973335">87°58.4'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
), 26 Sep 1995, D. and W. N. Mathis (1♀; USNM); San Pedro Sula (8 km S;
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="15.428333">15°25.7'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-88.02333">88°01.4'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
), 25-26 Sep 1995, D. and W. N. Mathis (3♂, 1♀; USNM).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph lastPageId="70" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
|
JAMAICA. Clanendon: Grantham (
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="18.155">18°09.3'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-77.39667">77°23.8'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
; 340 m), 16 Apr 2000, W. N. Mathis (1♀; USNM). Manchester: near Mandeville (
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="18.058332">18°03.5'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-77.53167">77°31.9'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
), 15-18 Apr 2000, W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM). Portland: Berridale (
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="18.108334">18°06.5'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-76.333336">76°20'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
), Rio Grande River, 25 Apr 2000, W. N. Mathis (2♀; USNM). St. Andrew:
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="70" pageNumber="71" start="start">Mavis</pageBreakToken>
|
|
Bank (4.3 km SE;
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="18.023333">18°01.4'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-76.635">76°38.1'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
; 480 m); Yallahs River, 22-23 Apr 2000, W. N. Mathis (1♂, 1♀; USNM); Wag Water River, 25 Feb 1969, W. W. Wirth (1♀; USNM)l. St. Thomas: Mt. Lebanus (
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="17.97">17°58.2'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-76.545">76°32.7'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
), 16 May 1996, D. and W. N. Mathis, H. B. Williams (1♀; USNM).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
|
MEXICO. Chiapas: Finca Esperanza (
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="26.633333">26°38'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-103.46667">103°28'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
), 26 Aug 1956, R. Nettel F. (1♂; USNM); Puente Mezcalapa (
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="17.365">17°21.9'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-93.39167">93°23.5'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
; light trap), 22 May 1964, F. S. Blanton (7♂, 5♀; USNM). San Luis Potosi: Tamazunchale (
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="21.255">21°15.3'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-98.78833">98°47.3'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
), 23 Nov 1946, F. E. Skinner (1♂, 1♀; USNM). Veracruz-Llave:
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fortín">Fortin</normalizedToken>
|
|
de las Flores (
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="18.9">18°54'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-97.0">97°0'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
; light trap), Jun 1964, F. S. Blanton (3♂; USNM).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
|
NICARAGUA.
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="León">Leon</normalizedToken>
|
|
: La Cruz de la India (5 km SW, on highway 26;
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="12.72">12°43.2'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-86.33">86°19.8'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
; 215 m), 22 Jun 2007, W. E. Woodley (2♂, 5♀; USNM).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
|
PANAMA. Panama: Canal Zone, Gamboa, Pipeline Road (
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="9.116667">9°07'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-79.7">79°42'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
), Jul 1967, W. W. Wirth (1♂; USNM); Canal Zone, Pedro Miguel (
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="9.018333">9°01.1'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-79.611664">79°36.7'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
), R. C. Shannon (1♂; USNM);
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tocúmen">Tocumen</normalizedToken>
|
|
(
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="9.086667">9°05.2'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-79.385">79°23.1'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
), 13 Feb 1953, F. S. Blanton (1♂; USNM).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
|
PERU.
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Huánuco">Huanuco</normalizedToken>
|
|
: Tingo Maria (1 km S;
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-9.308333">9°18.5'S</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-76.005">76°0.3'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
), 6 Feb 1984, W. N. Mathis (3♀; USNM). Madre de Dios:
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
|
Manu, Erika (near
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Salvación">Salvacion</normalizedToken>
|
|
;
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-12.845">12°50.7'S</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-71.388336">71°23.3'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
; 550 m), 5-6 Sep 1988, W. N. Mathis (1♂, 2♀; USNM).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
|
PUERTO RICO. Adjuntas (
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="18.163334">18°09.8'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-66.72">66°43.2'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
), 22 Sep 1995, D. and W. N. Mathis (4♂, 1♀; USNM). Maricao (
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="18.185">18°11.1'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-66.98167">66°58.9'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
), 21 Sep 1995, D. and W. N. Mathis (4♂, 1♀; USNM). Maricao (4 km WNW;
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="18.178333">18°10.7'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-66.99333">66°59.6'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
), 21 Sep 1995, D. and W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM). Playa de Guayanilla (
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="18.006666">18°0.4'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-66.76833">66°46.1'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
), 19 Sep 1995, D. and W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM). Rio Hoconuco (
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="18.126667">18°7.6'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-67.043335">67°2.6'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
), 20 Sep 1995, D. and W. N. Mathis (3♂, 1♀; USNM).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
|
ST. VINCENT. St. David: Richmond Beach (
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="13.3">13°18'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-61.233334">61°14'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
), 28 Mar 1989, W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
|
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO. Trinidad. St. Andrew: Valencia (1 km W;
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="10.65">10°39'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-61.216667">61°13'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
), Aripo River, 20 Jun 1993, W. N. Mathis (4♂, 2♀; USNM). St. George: Arima (8 km N;
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="10.683333">10°41'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-61.3">61°18'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
), Verdant Vale, 19 Jun 1993, W. N. Mathis (2♂; USNM). Tobago. St. John: Bloody Bay River (
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="11.3">11°18'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-60.633335">60°38'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
), 14 Jun 1993, W. N. Mathis (1♂, 3♀; USNM); Charlotteville (5 km S;
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="11.315">11°18.9'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-60.575">60°34.5'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
), Hermitage River and beach, 10 Jun 1993, W. N. Mathis (2♀; USNM); Kings Bay Reservoir (
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="11.283334">11°17'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-60.55">60°33'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
), 15 Jun 1993, W. N. Mathis (5♂, 5♀; USNM); Parlatuvier (creek;
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="11.298333">11°17.9'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-60.583332">60°35'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
), 20 Apr 1994, W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM); Speyside (Doctor River; 1 km NW;
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="11.3">11°18'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-60.533333">60°32'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
), 12-13 Jun 1993, W. N. Mathis (1♂, 2♀; USNM). St. Paul: Delaford, Kings Bay (
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="11.266666">11°16'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-60.546665">60°32.8'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
), 13 Jun 1993, W. N. Mathis (1♀; USNM).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="70" pageNumber="71" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Distribution</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
|
(Fig. 123). Neotropical: Argentina (
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tucumán">Tucuman</normalizedToken>
|
|
), Belize, Bolivia (El Beni, La Paz), Brazil (
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
|
|
,
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
|
Paulo), Costa Rica (Cartago, Guanacaste, Heredia), Ecuador (El Oro, Guayas, Loja,
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Manabí">Manabi</normalizedToken>
|
|
, Puerto Orellana), El Salvador, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico (Chiapas, San Luis Potosi, Veracruz-Llave), Nicaragua, Panama, Peru (
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Huánuco">Huanuco</normalizedToken>
|
|
, Madre de Dios), Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies (Dominican Republic, Grenada, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, St. Lucia, St. Vincent).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="remarks">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="71" pageNumber="72" start="start">Remarks</pageBreakToken>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
|
This species is distinguished from
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora prolata" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prolata">Polytrichophora prolata</taxonomicName>
|
|
in having a smaller body (body length of 2.40 mm or smaller). In addition, male tergites one through four are bicolored (mostly blackish brown dorsally in contrast with the lateroventral surface being gray), male tergite five is truncate and is gray on the posterior one-third, and male sternites three and four have a dense patch of setulae along the posterior margin. Structures of the male terminalia (Figs 119-122) are unique within the genus in having the ventral margin pointedly rounded, without two apical processes.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
|
Figures 119-122. Illustration of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora reginae" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reginae">Polytrichophora reginae</taxonomicName>
|
|
Mathis (male) (Ecuador. Loja: Catamayo) 119 epandrium and cerci, posterior view 120 same, lateral view 121 internal structures of male terminalia (aedeagus [shaded], phallapodeme, gonite, hypandrium), ventral view 122 same, lateral view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
|
Figure 123. Distribution of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora reginae" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reginae">Polytrichophora reginae</taxonomicName>
|
|
Mathis.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |