282 lines
41 KiB
XML
282 lines
41 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="569EC3ACDB2CCB774D6418CBB3540D72">Generic Review of New Zealand Chrysomelinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3DF90444E3FA6D32B1F790F8D805FD3E">Leschen, Richard A. B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="59413AE94F54DCD9ACFE5EC58B701DA2">Reid, Chris A. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="080175B3391B768D4A4EAED0D9C43A95">Nadein, Konstantin S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="5990C9950A439F1C3D4536FDAAF68BF5">2020</mods:date>
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<treatment id="B10A8275FFAB3C7D8AC1F88EFEB1FF4B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3680366" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162161410" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3680366" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B10A8275FFAB3C7D8AC1F88EFEB1FF4B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B10A8275FFAB3C7D8AC1F88EFEB1FF4B" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<subSubSection id="71B960E8FFAB3C7F8AC1F88EFECCF8F8" box="[151,340,1845,1871]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="391C3363FFAB3C7F8AC1F88EFECCF8F8" blockId="4.[151,340,1845,1871]" box="[151,340,1845,1871]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<heading id="6254840FFFAB3C7F8AC1F88EFECCF8F8" bold="true" box="[151,340,1845,1871]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFAB3C7F8AC1F88EFECCF8F8" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[151,340,1845,1871]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelinae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
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<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFAB3C7F8AC1F88EFECCF8F8" bold="true" box="[151,340,1845,1871]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Chrysomelinae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="71B960E8FFAB3C7E8AC1F8C7FF4BFF60" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="391C3363FFAB3C7E8AC1F8C7FF4BFF60" blockId="4.[151,1437,1916,2015]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,153,2016]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFAB3C7F8AC1F8C7FE8AF820" bold="true" box="[151,274,1916,1943]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Body subovoid to ovoid, sides of body somewhat parallel-sided to rounded, dorsum generally glabrous. Head partly concealed but not covered entirely by pronotum, not constricted behind eyes. Antennal grooves on head present or absent. Antennal insertions not approximate. Pronotum with lateral carina; procoxal cavities open or closed behind. Procoxae ovate and weakly transverse. Tergite VII hidden or almost completely hidden in dorsal view.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="71B960E8FFAA3C7E8A91FF5BFD82FB14" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
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<paragraph id="391C3363FFAA3C7E8A91FF5BFD82FB14" blockId="5.[151,1437,153,2016]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFAA3C7E8A91FF5BFEC9FF4C" bold="true" box="[199,337,224,251]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Description</emphasis>
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. Length 1.5–8.0 mm. Body shape predominantly subovoid to ovoid; prothorax and elytra often forming a continuous outline in dorsal view; tergite VII hidden or almost completely hidden in dorsal view. Dorsum brightly uni- or bicoloured or dull, glabrous. Dorsal surfaces usually smooth; pronotal disc often with non-uniform punctation coarser at the base. Head prognathous rarely forming a short muzzle with genae extending a short distance beyond level of antennal and maxillary insertions, retracted into prothorax, not covered entirely by pronotum, not strongly constricted behind eyes; deep grooves absent on the vertex, but postantennal calli and postclypeal lines may be present. Eyes almost circular to strongly transverse-oblong, with or without anterior emargination; flat to strongly protuberant. Clypeus transverse to trapezoidal, anterior margin straight. Genae usually short and not extended greatly beyond mandibular insertions (long in some species of
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<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFAA3C7E89CBFDBAFB88FDAC" authority="Leschen & Reid & Nadein, 2020" authorityName="Leschen & Reid & Nadein" authorityYear="2020" box="[925,1040,513,539]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Nanomela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFAA3C7E89CBFDBAFB88FDAC" box="[925,1040,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Nanomela</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). Antennal insertions exposed from above, and widely separated, postantennal calli present or absent; when not delimited by a line, pale cuticular spots may be present; subantennal grooves absent or present. Frontoclypeal suture present or absent; lateral postclypeal lines present or absent, medial postclypeal line absent. Antennae 11-segmented, filiform, subfiliform, or clavate. Mandibles with two incisors, terebral edge with (
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<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFAA3C7E889CFD2AFCA5FD1C" authority="Leschen & Reid & Nadein, 2020" authorityName="Leschen & Reid & Nadein" authorityYear="2020" box="[714,829,657,683]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Nanomela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFAA3C7E889CFD2AFCA5FD1C" box="[714,829,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Nanomela</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) or without serrate edge, prostheca setose. Pronotum transverse, length usually 2.3–2.5x its width, usually widest at base, lateral pronotal carinae complete, with margin or bead visible from above; each anterior and posterior angle with or without trichobothrium. Procoxal cavities transverse-ovate or rounded, externally open, narrowly opened or closed. Scutellary shield usually triangular and anteriorly rounded (sometimes reduced or absent). Elytra in combination varying in shape from almost circular to elongate, irregularly punctate or with as many as 16 distinct puncture rows; elytral apices concealing all abdominal tergites. Hind wings absent or present but often reduced. Metaventrite with or without subcoxal lines, discrimen and transverse metaventral (metakatepisternal) suture present or absent. Legs with globular to transverse procoxae that are not projecting; femora fusiform to claviform; tibial apices generally widened or clubbed and sometimes weakly dimorphic (e.g., male tibiae are slightly more robust and elbowed); tibial spurs absent; tarsi 5-5-5 or 4-4- 4 (
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<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFAA3C7E8AEEFC42FEB3FBA4" authority="Leschen & Reid & Nadein, 2020" authorityName="Leschen & Reid & Nadein" authorityYear="2020" box="[184,299,1017,1043]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Nanomela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFAA3C7E8AEEFC42FEB3FBA4" box="[184,299,1017,1043]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Nanomela</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and smaller species of
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<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFAA3C7E886AFC42FD0DFBA4" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1876" box="[572,661,1017,1043]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Aphilon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFAA3C7E886AFC42FD0DFBA4" box="[572,661,1017,1043]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Aphilon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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lacking tarsomere 4 or tarsomeres 4 and 5 fused) with tarsomere 3 apically bilobed or truncate, first tarsomeres often expanded in males; tarsal claws simple, bifid or appendiculate. Abdomen with five ventrites, free and lacking deep impressions, ventrite 1 generally about twice as long as 2, with or without postcoxal lines; tergite VII usually forming sclerotised pygidium, usually completely hidden by elytra in dorsal view. [Based on
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<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFAA3C7E8BCBFB32FD8CFB14" author="Reid, C. A. M." box="[413,532,1160,1187]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="243 - 251" refId="ref47670" refString="Reid, C. A. M. (2014) 2.7. 7 Chrysomelinae Latreille, 1802. In: Leschen, R. A. B. & Beutel, R. G. (Eds.), Coleoptera, beetles. Vol. 3. Morphology and systematics (Phytophaga). De Gruyter, Berlin, pp. 243 - 251." type="book chapter" year="2014">Reid 2014</bibRefCitation>
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]
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="71B960E8FFAA3C7D8A91FB17FEB1FF4B" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="391C3363FFAA3C7E8A91FB17FDD6FA74" blockId="5.[151,1437,153,2016]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFAA3C7E8A91FB17FED7FB70" bold="true" box="[199,335,1196,1223]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Comments.</emphasis>
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The diagnosis and short description above will distinguish
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<collectingCountry id="41B473F3FFAA3C7E89ACFB16FB0AFB70" box="[1018,1170,1197,1223]" name="New Zealand" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
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members of the chrysomelines from other subfamilies occuring in the Pacific region. There are approximately 130 genera, with over 3,000 species, worldwide (
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<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFAA3C7E8B9FFB4EFDDEFAB8" author="Reid, C. A. M." box="[457,582,1269,1295]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="123 - 137" refId="ref47737" refString="Reid, C. A. M. (2017) Australopapuan leaf beetle diversity: the contributions of hosts plants and geography. Austral Entomology, 56 (2), 123 - 137. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / aen. 12251" type="journal article" year="2017">Reid 2017</bibRefCitation>
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). Two tribes are recognised by
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<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFAA3C7E89F8FB4EFBA2FAB8" author="Reid, C. A. M." box="[942,1082,1269,1295]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="243 - 251" refId="ref47670" refString="Reid, C. A. M. (2014) 2.7. 7 Chrysomelinae Latreille, 1802. In: Leschen, R. A. B. & Beutel, R. G. (Eds.), Coleoptera, beetles. Vol. 3. Morphology and systematics (Phytophaga). De Gruyter, Berlin, pp. 243 - 251." type="book chapter" year="2014">Reid (2014)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFAA3C7E8E11FB4EFB5AFAB8" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1860" box="[1095,1218,1269,1295]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Timarchini">Timarchini</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFAA3C7E8EABFB4EFA00FAB8" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[1277,1432,1269,1295]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Chrysomelini">Chrysomelini</taxonomicName>
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, the latter variously subdivided into 4–12 subtribes (
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<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFAA3C7E88B6FAA2FC79FA84" author="Seeno, T. N. & Wilcox, J. A." box="[736,993,1305,1331]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 121" refId="ref47843" refString="Seeno, T. N. & Wilcox, J. A. (1982) Leaf beetle genera (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Entomography, 1, 1 - 121." type="journal article" year="1982">Seeno & Wilcox 1982</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFAA3C7E89B8FAA2FB00FA84" author="Daccordi, M." box="[1006,1176,1305,1331]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="60 - 84" refId="ref45855" refString="Daccordi, M. (1994) Notes for phylogenetic study of Chrysomelinae, with descriptions of new taxa and a list of all the known genera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae). In: Furth, D. G. (Ed.), Proceedings of the third International Symposium on the Chrysomelidae, Beijing, 1992. Backhuys, Leiden, pp. 60 - 84." type="book chapter" year="1994">Daccordi 1994</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFAA3C7E8EF3FAA2FA08FA84" author="Bouchard, P. & Bousquet, Y. & Davies, A. E. & Alonso-Zarazaga, M. A. & Lawrence, J. F. & Lyal, C. H. C. & Newton, A. F. & Reid, C. A. M. & Schmitt, M. & Slipinski, S. A. & Smith, A. B. T." box="[1189,1424,1305,1331]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 972" refId="ref45622" refString="Bouchard, P., Bousquet, Y., Davies, A. E., Alonso-Zarazaga, M. A., Lawrence, J. F., Lyal, C. H. C., Newton, A. F., Reid, C. A. M., Schmitt, M., Slipinski, S. A. & Smith, A. B. T. (2011) Family group names in Coleoptera (Insecta). Zookeys, 88, 1 - 972. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 88.807" type="journal article" year="2011">
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Bouchard
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<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFAA3C7E8F4CFAA1FAD5FA84" box="[1306,1357,1305,1331]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
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2011
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</bibRefCitation>
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), with all of the
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<collectingCountry id="41B473F3FFAA3C7E8B6FFA86FE57FAE0" box="[313,463,1341,1367]" name="New Zealand" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
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endemic genera being placed into the
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<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFAA3C7E892BFA84FB84FAE0" box="[893,1052,1343,1367]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Phyllocharitini">Phyllocharitini</taxonomicName>
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of
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<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFAA3C7E8E16FA86FB63FAE0" author="Daccordi, M." box="[1088,1275,1341,1367]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="60 - 84" refId="ref45855" refString="Daccordi, M. (1994) Notes for phylogenetic study of Chrysomelinae, with descriptions of new taxa and a list of all the known genera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae). In: Furth, D. G. (Ed.), Proceedings of the third International Symposium on the Chrysomelidae, Beijing, 1992. Backhuys, Leiden, pp. 60 - 84." type="book chapter" year="1994">Daccordi (1994)</bibRefCitation>
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. Details of the composition of the endemic genera are below. The few introduced members of the the mainly Australian subtribe Paropsina (
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<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFAA3C7E8B4EFA3DFECEFA28" box="[280,342,1414,1439]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">sensu</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFAA3C7E8B09FA3EFD90FA28" author="Daccordi, M." box="[351,520,1413,1439]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="60 - 84" refId="ref45855" refString="Daccordi, M. (1994) Notes for phylogenetic study of Chrysomelinae, with descriptions of new taxa and a list of all the known genera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae). In: Furth, D. G. (Ed.), Proceedings of the third International Symposium on the Chrysomelidae, Beijing, 1992. Backhuys, Leiden, pp. 60 - 84." type="book chapter" year="1994">Daccordi 1994</bibRefCitation>
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) feed on exotic
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<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFAA3C7E8892FA3EFC8AFA28" box="[708,786,1413,1439]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFAA3C7E8892FA3EFC8AFA28" box="[708,786,1413,1439]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Acacia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFAA3C7E891AFA3EFC50FA28" box="[844,968,1413,1439]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFAA3C7E891AFA3EFC50FA28" box="[844,968,1413,1439]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Eucalyptus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and are ovate with epipleura completely hidden in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A1982FE6FFAA3C7E8BCCFA12FE67FA74" box="[410,511,1449,1475]" captionStart="FIGURES 17" captionStartId="54.[151,264,1870,1895]" captionTargetBox="[191,1403,177,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@54.[175,1412,166,1851]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURES 17A–K. Dorsal habitus of introduced chryomelines and their structures; A, Chrysolina hyperici, length 5.5 mm; B, Dicranosterna semipunctata, length 9.9 mm; C, Gonioctena olivacea, length 3.4 mm; D, Paropsis charybdis, length 10.3 mm; E, Peltoschema mansueta, length 3.2 mm; F, Trachymela sloanei, length 8.0 mm; G, Dicranosterna semipunctata, lateral view of maxillary palpus; H, Paropsis charybdis, ventral view of maxillary palpus; I, Trachymela sloanei, ventral view of palpus; J, Paropsis charybdis, ventral view of prosternum; K, Paropsis charybdis, left lateral view of pronotum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3672717" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3672717/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 17B</figureCitation>
|
||
, D–F).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="391C3363FFAA3C7E8A91FA76FC1DF8F8" blockId="5.[151,1437,153,2016]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Chrysomeline larvae and adults are generally external feeders on plants, feeding on leaves, rarely flowers, and usually, not on pollen. Their plant hosts are usually core eudicots, rosids and asterids, but a few species feed on Bryophyta (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFAA3C7E8B48F9AEFE03F998" author="Reid, C. A. M." box="[286,411,1557,1583]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="123 - 137" refId="ref47737" refString="Reid, C. A. M. (2017) Australopapuan leaf beetle diversity: the contributions of hosts plants and geography. Austral Entomology, 56 (2), 123 - 137. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / aen. 12251" type="journal article" year="2017">Reid 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The host associations of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="41B473F3FFAA3C7E889BF9AEFCFDF998" box="[717,869,1557,1583]" name="New Zealand" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
endemic species are poorly known because most species are cryptic, ground-dwelling and probably nocturnal. Attempts to obtain additional specimens of poorly collected forest-dwelling taxa by sifting mostly mosses during summer
|
||
<quantity id="FE5B9E86FFAA3C7E899BF9E6FBBCF9C0" box="[973,1060,1629,1655]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.125719999999999" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="in" value="2018.0">2018 in</quantity>
|
||
the South Island, resulted in additional geographic records but few specimens (i.e.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFAA3C7E8889F93AFB94F92C" authority="(Broun)" authorityName="Leschen & Reid & Nadein" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Broun" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[735,1036,1665,1691]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Maurodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFAA3C7E8889F93AFC35F92C" box="[735,941,1665,1691]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Maurodus ornatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Broun)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFAA3C7E8E14F93AFABDF92C" authority="Leschen & Reid & Nadein, 2020" authorityName="Leschen & Reid & Nadein" authorityYear="2020" box="[1090,1317,1665,1691]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Zeaphilon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marskeae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFAA3C7E8E14F93AFABDF92C" box="[1090,1317,1665,1691]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Zeaphilon marskeae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFAA3C7E8F65F93AFA14F92C" bold="true" box="[1331,1420,1665,1691]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="10E4520AFFAA3C7E8F65F93AFA14F92C" box="[1331,1420,1665,1691]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">nov. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
), but confirmed that many species are bryophyte specialists. Larvae are rarely collected and have not been described. The larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFAA3C7E8B65F972FE14F954" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1876" box="[307,396,1737,1763]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Aphilon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFAA3C7E8B65F972FE14F954" box="[307,396,1737,1763]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Aphilon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have oddly fused terga and have been collected feeding on liverworts. The single illustration of an undetermined
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFAA3C7E8B2FF956FD83F8B0" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1853" box="[377,539,1773,1799]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalcolampra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFAA3C7E8B2FF956FD83F8B0" box="[377,539,1773,1799]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Chalcolampra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larva (as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFAA3C7E88DFF956FC31F8B0" authority="in Reid [1995]" authorityName="in Reid" authorityYear="1995" box="[649,937,1772,1799]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Allocharis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFAA3C7E88DFF956FD66F8B0" box="[649,766,1773,1799]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Allocharis</emphasis>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFAA3C7E8977F956FC31F8B0" author="Reid, C. A. M." box="[801,937,1772,1799]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="559 - 631" refId="ref47422" refString="Reid, C. A. M. (1995) A cladistic analysis of subfamilial relationships in the Chrysomelidae sensu lato (Chrysomeloidea). In: Pakaluk, J. & Slipinski, S. A. (Eds.), Biology, phylogeny and classification of Coleoptera: papers celebrating the 80 th birthday of Roy A. Crowson. Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN, Warszawa, pp. 559 - 631." type="book chapter" year="1995">Reid [1995]</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) shows an individual with a well sclerotised circular plate formed from terga VII–IX indicating burrowing habits and is the same species that has been recorded by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFAA3C7E8AECF88EFE02F8F8" author="Wardle, P. & Field, T. R. O. & Spain, A. V." box="[186,410,1845,1871]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="186 - 214" refId="ref48172" refString="Wardle, P., Field, T. R. O. & Spain, A. V. (1971) Biological flora of New Zealand 5. Olearia colensoi Hook. f. (Compositae) Leatherwood, Tupari. New Zealand Journal of Botany, 9 (1), 186 - 214. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0028825 X. 1971.10430175" type="journal article" year="1971">
|
||
Wardle
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFAA3C7E8B47F88DFEDAF8F8" box="[273,322,1845,1871]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1971)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
feeding on the composite
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFAA3C7E8895F88EFCE6F8F8" box="[707,894,1845,1871]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Olearia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="colensoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFAA3C7E8895F88EFCE6F8F8" box="[707,894,1845,1871]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Olearia colensoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="391C3363FFAA3C7D8A91F8E2FEB1FF4B" blockId="5.[151,1437,153,2016]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,153,252]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFAA3C7E8A91F8E2FE0FF8C4" bold="true" box="[199,407,1881,1907]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Included genera.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFAA3C7E8BF3F8E2FD03F8C4" authority="Sharp, 1876" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1876" box="[421,667,1881,1907]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Aphilon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFAA3C7E8BF3F8E2FE66F8C4" box="[421,510,1881,1907]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Aphilon</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFAA3C7E885AF8E2FD03F8C4" author="Sharp, D." box="[524,667,1881,1907]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="97 - 102" refId="ref47876" refString="Sharp, D. (1876) Descriptions of some new genera and species of New Zealand Coleoptera. Entomologist's monthly Magazine, 13, 97 - 102. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 22816" type="journal article" year="1876">Sharp, 1876</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(endemic),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFAA3C7E8966F8E2FBFDF8C4" authority="Sharp, 1886" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1886" box="[816,1125,1881,1907]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Caccomolpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFAA3C7E8966F8E2FC50F8C4" box="[816,968,1881,1907]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Caccomolpus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFAA3C7E8981F8E2FBFDF8C4" author="Sharp, D." box="[983,1125,1881,1907]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="351 - 454" refId="ref47965" refString="Sharp, D. (1886) On New Zealand Coleoptera, with descriptions of new genera and species. Scientific Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society, Series 2, 3, 351 - 454." type="journal article" year="1886">Sharp, 1886</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(endemic),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFAA3C7E8EACF8E2FECDF820" authority="Blanchard, 1853" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1853" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalcolampra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFAA3C7E8EACF8E2FA04F8C4" box="[1274,1436,1881,1907]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Chalcolampra</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFAA3C7E8AC1F8C6FECDF820" author="Blanchard, C. E." box="[151,341,1916,1943]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 422" refId="ref45062" refString="Blanchard, C. E. (1853) Description des Insectes. Voyage au Pole Sud et dans l'Oceanie sur les corvettes l'Astrolabe et la Zelee; execute par ordre du Roi pendant les Annees 1837 - 1840 sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville-Zoologie, 4, 1 - 422." type="journal article" year="1853">Blanchard, 1853</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFAA3C7E8B2FF8C6FD11F820" authority="Sharp, 1882" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" box="[377,649,1917,1943]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Allocharis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFAA3C7E8B2FF8C6FE76F820" box="[377,494,1917,1943]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Allocharis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFAA3C7E8BACF8C6FD11F820" author="Sharp, D." box="[506,649,1917,1943]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="73 - 99" refId="ref47919" refString="Sharp, D. (1882) On some New Zealand Coleoptera. Transactions of the entomological Society of London, 1882, 73 - 99. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1882. tb 01570. x" type="journal article" year="1882">Sharp, 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, =
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFAA3C7E88E2F8C6FC72F820" authority="Broun, 1915" authorityName="Broun" authorityYear="1915" box="[692,1002,1916,1943]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cyrtonogetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFAA3C7E88E2F8C6FCD3F820" box="[692,843,1917,1943]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cyrtonogetus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFAA3C7E8900F8C6FC72F820" author="Broun, T." box="[854,1002,1916,1943]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="267 - 346" refId="ref45474" refString="Broun, T. (1915) Descriptions of new genera and species of Coleoptera. Part IV. New Zealand Institute Bulletin, 1 (4), 267 - 346." type="journal article" year="1915">Broun, 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFAA3C7E89AFF8C6FBFDF820" bold="true" box="[1017,1125,1917,1943]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">syn. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFAA3C7E8E2EF8C6FB10F820" bold="true" box="[1144,1160,1917,1943]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">=</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFAA3C7E8EC5F8C6FA0CF820" authority="Broun, 1903" authorityName="Broun" authorityYear="1903" box="[1171,1428,1917,1943]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Eualema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFAA3C7E8EC5F8C6FB6FF820" box="[1171,1271,1917,1943]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Eualema</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFAA3C7E8F54F8C6FA0CF820" author="Broun, T." box="[1282,1428,1917,1943]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="450 - 458" refId="ref45277" refString="Broun, T. (1903) Descriptions of new genera and species of New Zealand Coleoptera. The Annals and Magazine of natural History, Series 7, 11 & 12, 450 - 458 + 602 - 618 & 69 - 86. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930308678830" type="journal article" year="1903">Broun, 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (Southeast Asia,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="41B473F3FFAA3C7E8B01F81AFE26F80C" box="[343,446,1953,1979]" name="Australia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="41B473F3FFAA3C7E8BAEF81AFD0DF80B" box="[504,661,1953,1980]" name="New Zealand" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFAA3C7E88FCF81AFB9EF80C" authority="Motschulsky, 1860" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1860" box="[682,1030,1953,1979]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chrysolina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFAA3C7E88FCF81AFCBEF80C" box="[682,806,1953,1979]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Chrysolina</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFAA3C7E8979F81AFB9EF80C" author="Motschulsky, V." box="[815,1030,1953,1979]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="77 - 257" refId="ref46891" refString="Motschulsky, V. (1860) Coleopteres de la Siberie orientale et un particulier des rives de l'Amour. In: Schrenk, L. (Ed.), Reisen und Forschungen im Amurlande. Vol. 2. Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, St. Petersburg, pp. 77 - 257." type="book chapter" year="1860">Motschulsky, 1860</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(introduced for biological control),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFAA3C7E8AC1F87EFE91F868" authority="Leschen & Reid & Nadein, 2020" authorityName="Leschen & Reid & Nadein" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,265,1989,2015]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Maurodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFAA3C7E8AC1F87EFE91F868" box="[151,265,1989,2015]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Maurodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFAA3C7E8B44F87EFEE4F868" bold="true" box="[274,380,1989,2015]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="10E4520AFFAA3C7E8B44F87EFEE4F868" box="[274,380,1989,2015]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(endemic),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFAA3C7E8850F87DFC10F868" authority="Motschulsky, 1860" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1860" box="[518,904,1989,2015]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Dicranosterna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFAA3C7E8850F87DFD31F868" box="[518,681,1990,2015]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dicranosterna</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFAA3C7E88E4F87EFC10F868" author="Motschulsky, V." box="[690,904,1989,2015]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="77 - 257" refId="ref46891" refString="Motschulsky, V. (1860) Coleopteres de la Siberie orientale et un particulier des rives de l'Amour. In: Schrenk, L. (Ed.), Reisen und Forschungen im Amurlande. Vol. 2. Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, St. Petersburg, pp. 77 - 257." type="book chapter" year="1860">Motschulsky, 1860</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(introduced),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFAA3C7E8E7CF87EFAF3F868" authority="Chevrolat, 1836" authorityName="Chevrolat" authorityYear="1836" box="[1066,1387,1989,2015]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Gonioctena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFAA3C7E8E7CF87EFB35F868" box="[1066,1197,1989,2015]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Gonioctena</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFAA3C7E8EE3F87EFAF3F868" author="Chevrolat, L. A. A." box="[1205,1387,1989,2015]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="361 - 443" refId="ref45730" refString="Chevrolat, L. A. A. (1836) [new taxa] In: Dejean, P. F. M. A. (Ed.), Catalogue des coleopteres de la collection de M. le comte Dejean. Deuxieme Edition [Livraison 5]. Mequignon-Marvis Pere et Fils, Paris, pp. 361 - 443." type="book chapter" year="1836">Chevrolat, 1836</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in- troduced),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFA93C7D8B44FF22FE1DFF04" authority="Leschen & Reid & Nadein, 2020" authorityName="Leschen & Reid & Nadein" authorityYear="2020" box="[274,389,153,179]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Nanomela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFA93C7D8B44FF22FE1DFF04" box="[274,389,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Nanomela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFA93C7D8BDBFF22FE6FFF04" bold="true" box="[397,503,153,179]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="10E4520AFFA93C7D8BDBFF22FE6FFF04" box="[397,503,153,179]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(endemic),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFA93C7D8829FF21FCE7FF04" authority="Olivier, 1807" authorityName="Olivier" authorityYear="1807" box="[639,895,153,179]" family="Carangidae" genus="Paropsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFA93C7D8829FF21FD7AFF04" box="[639,738,154,179]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Paropsis</emphasis>
|
||
Olivier, 1807
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(introduced),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFA93C7D8E77FF21FA04FF04" authority="Motschulsky, 1860" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1860" box="[1057,1436,153,179]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Paropsisterna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFA93C7D8E77FF21FB27FF04" box="[1057,1215,154,179]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Paropsisterna</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D324E92FFA93C7D8E90FF22FA04FF04" author="Motschulsky, V." box="[1222,1436,153,179]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="77 - 257" refId="ref46891" refString="Motschulsky, V. (1860) Coleopteres de la Siberie orientale et un particulier des rives de l'Amour. In: Schrenk, L. (Ed.), Reisen und Forschungen im Amurlande. Vol. 2. Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, St. Petersburg, pp. 77 - 257." type="book chapter" year="1860">Motschulsky, 1860</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(introduced),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFA93C7D8B65FF06FDFAFF60" authority="Reitter, 1888" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1888" box="[307,610,189,215]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Peltoschema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFA93C7D8B65FF06FE5AFF60" box="[307,450,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Peltoschema</emphasis>
|
||
Reitter, 1888
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(introduced),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFA93C7D895FFF06FCE3FF60" authority="Leschen & Reid & Nadein, 2020" authorityName="Leschen & Reid & Nadein" authorityYear="2020" box="[777,891,189,215]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Zeaphilon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFA93C7D895FFF06FCE3FF60" box="[777,891,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Zeaphilon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFA93C7D89D3FF06FC6AFF60" bold="true" box="[901,1010,189,215]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="10E4520AFFA93C7D89D3FF06FC6AFF60" box="[901,1010,189,215]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(endemic),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEA348E0FFA93C7D8ED6FF06FA04FF60" authority="Weise, 1908" authorityName="Weise" authorityYear="1908" box="[1152,1436,189,215]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Trachymela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD7EF71FFA93C7D8ED6FF06FA9CFF60" box="[1152,1284,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Trachymela</emphasis>
|
||
Weise, 1908
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(introduced).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |