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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1113-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="EB46BF265F2E51B3A83799886C5F084A" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1113-1" checkinTime="1658252710949" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe, Dahlgren, Thomas G., Amon, Diva J., Cairns, Stephen, Drennan, Regan, Durden, Jennifer M., Eleaume, Marc P., Hosie, Andrew M., Kremenetskaia, Antonina, McQuaid, Kirsty, O'Hara, Timothy D., Rabone, Muriel, Simon-Lledo, Erik, Smith, Craig R., Watling, Les, Wiklund, Helena &amp; Glover, Adrian G." docDate="2022" docId="A7C19C558CF05ABDB05598C74F785B48" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1113: 1-110" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1113" docPubDate="2022-07-18" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172" docTitle="Freyastera tuberculata" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="EB46BF265F2E51B3A83799886C5F084A" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="EB46BF265F2E51B3A83799886C5F084A" masterDocTitle="Benthic megafauna of the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean" masterLastPageNumber="110" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1658253014331" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Benthic megafauna of the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8163-8724</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, London, UK</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">l.bribiesca-contreras@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Dahlgren, Thomas G.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6854-2031</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden &amp; Norwegian Research Centre, NORCE, Bergen, Norway</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Amon, Diva J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>SpeSeas, D'Abadie, Trinidad and Tobago</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Cairns, Stephen</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7209-9271</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C., USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Drennan, Regan</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0137-5464</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Durden, Jennifer M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6529-9109</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>UMR ISYEB, Department Origines et Evolution, Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Eleaume, Marc P.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Collections &amp; Research, Western Australia Museum, Perth, Australia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hosie, Andrew M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5683-662X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kremenetskaia, Antonina</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8851-3318</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>McQuaid, Kirsty</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0395-8332</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Museums Victoria, Melbourne, Australia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>O'Hara, Timothy D.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Oceanography, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Rabone, Muriel</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8351-2313</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Simon-Lledo, Erik</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>UMR ISYEB, Department Origines et Evolution, Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Smith, Craig R.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3976-0889</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Watling, Les</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6901-1168</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wiklund, Helena</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8252-3504</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Glover, Adrian G.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9489-074X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2022-07-18</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>1113</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>110</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1113-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">EB46BF265F2E51B3A83799886C5F084A</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A7C19C558CF05ABDB05598C74F785B48" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A7C19C558CF05ABDB05598C74F785B48" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName LSID="A7C19C55-8CF0-5ABD-B055-98C74F785B48" authority="(Sladen, 1889)" baseAuthorityName="Sladen" baseAuthorityYear="1889" class="Crinoidea" family="Freyellidae" genus="Freyastera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Freyastera tuberculata" order="Brisingida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tuberculata">Freyastera cf. tuberculata (Sladen, 1889)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Freyastera cf. tuberculata (Sladen, 1889). Specimen CCZ _ 175: A in situ image C whole specimen D ventral surface of the arms before preservation. Specimen CCZ _ 087: B in situ image E details of dorsal disc F ventral disc surface before preservation. Scale bars: 2 cm (A, B); 1 cm (C); 2 mm (D); 1 mm (E); 0.5 mm (F). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A, B); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (C-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716351" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="ON400716, ON400704" collectingDate="2018-06-02" collectingDateMax="2018-06-06" collectingDateMin="2018-06-02" collectorName="Smith, Durden, GenBank, Voucher" elevation="5000" latitude="6.9873" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-149.9331" specimenCount="2">
Clarion-Clipperton Zone •
<specimenCount type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
; APEI 4;
<geoCoordinate degrees="6.9879" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="6.9879">6.9879°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="149.9123" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-149.9123">149.9123°W</geoCoordinate>
;
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="m" value="5000.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="m" value="5000.0">5000 m</elevation>
</quantity>
deep;
<collectingDate value="2018-06-02">02 Jun. 2018</collectingDate>
;
<collectorName>Smith</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName>Durden</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectorName>GenBank</collectorName>
:
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/ON400716">ON400716</accessionNumber>
(COI); NHMUK 2022.80; Voucher code: CCZ_157 •
<specimenCount type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
; APEI 4;
<geoCoordinate degrees="6.9873" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="6.9873">6.9873°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="149.9331" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-149.9331">149.9331°W</geoCoordinate>
;
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="m" value="5000.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="m" value="5000.0">5000 m</elevation>
</quantity>
deep;
<collectingDate value="2018-06-06">06 Jun. 2018</collectingDate>
;
<collectorName>Smith</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName>Durden</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectorName>GenBank</collectorName>
:
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/ON400704">ON400704</accessionNumber>
(COI); NHMUK 2022.79;
<collectorName>Voucher</collectorName>
code: CCZ_087
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Comparative material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" country="Cape Verde" county="Challenger Expedition" elevation="4663" latitude="-2.7" location="Ascencion Islands" longLatPrecision="5555" longitude="-14.6833" municipality="Islands" specimenCount="3" typeStatus="holotype">
Pacific Ocean •
<specimenCount type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
,
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1889" class="Asteroidea" family="Freyellidae" genus="Freyella" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Freyella benthophila" order="Brisingida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="benthophila">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Freyella benthophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Sladen, 1889; mid-South Pacific;
<geoCoordinate degrees="39.6833" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-39.6833">39.6833°S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="131.3833" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-131.3833">131.3833°W</geoCoordinate>
;
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.663" unit="m" value="4663.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.663" unit="m" value="4663.0">4663 m</elevation>
</quantity>
deep; Challenger Expedition, Stn. 289; NHMUK 1890.5.7.1078. Atlantic Ocean •
<specimenCount type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
,
<typeStatus>syntype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1889" class="Asteroidea" family="Freyellidae" genus="Freyella" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Freyella tuberculata" order="Brisingida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tuberculata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Freyella tuberculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Sladen, 1889; between west coast of Africa and
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A7C19C558CF05ABDB05598C74F785B48:86D3255FBAEF0E1D05BE71FC12809C29" country="Cape Verde" county="Challenger Expedition" latitude="-2.7" longLatPrecision="5555" longitude="-14.6833" municipality="Islands" name="Ascencion Islands">Ascencion Islands</location>
;
<geoCoordinate degrees="22.3" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5555" value="22.3">22.3°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="22.0333" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-22.0333">22.0333°W</geoCoordinate>
;
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.389" unit="m" value="4389.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.389" unit="m" value="4389.0">4389 m</elevation>
</quantity>
deep; Challenger Expedition, Stn. 346; NHMUK 1890.5.7.1077. •
<specimenCount type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
,
<typeStatus>syntype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1889" class="Asteroidea" family="Freyellidae" genus="Freyella" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Freyella tuberculata" order="Brisingida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tuberculata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Freyella tuberculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; between
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A7C19C558CF05ABDB05598C74F785B48:84DB8B47908DDAF715CDA07DBFACFD03" country="Cape Verde" county="Challenger Expedition" latitude="-2.7" longLatPrecision="5555" longitude="-14.6833" municipality="Islands" name="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</location>
and
<collectingCountry name="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</collectingCountry>
<collectingMunicipality>Islands</collectingMunicipality>
;
<geoCoordinate degrees="2.7" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5555" value="-2.7">2.7° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="14.6833" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-14.6833">14.6833°W</geoCoordinate>
;
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.298" unit="m" value="4298.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.298" unit="m" value="4298.0">4298 m</elevation>
</quantity>
deep;
<collectingCounty>Challenger Expedition</collectingCounty>
, Stn. 89; NHMUK 1890.5.7.1076
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Two specimens (R = 106 mm, r = 3 mm; R = 164 mm, r = 6 mm); live specimens whitish on both actinal and abactinal surfaces, tube feet transparent with bright orange flattened discs (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Freyastera cf. tuberculata (Sladen, 1889). Specimen CCZ _ 175: A in situ image C whole specimen D ventral surface of the arms before preservation. Specimen CCZ _ 087: B in situ image E details of dorsal disc F ventral disc surface before preservation. Scale bars: 2 cm (A, B); 1 cm (C); 2 mm (D); 1 mm (E); 0.5 mm (F). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A, B); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (C-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716351" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25A, B</figureCitation>
). Disc is small, somewhat rounded, slightly orange on actinal and abactinal surfaces (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Freyastera cf. tuberculata (Sladen, 1889). Specimen CCZ _ 175: A in situ image C whole specimen D ventral surface of the arms before preservation. Specimen CCZ _ 087: B in situ image E details of dorsal disc F ventral disc surface before preservation. Scale bars: 2 cm (A, B); 1 cm (C); 2 mm (D); 1 mm (E); 0.5 mm (F). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A, B); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (C-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716351" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25E, F</figureCitation>
); with six long, slender arms (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Freyastera cf. tuberculata (Sladen, 1889). Specimen CCZ _ 175: A in situ image C whole specimen D ventral surface of the arms before preservation. Specimen CCZ _ 087: B in situ image E details of dorsal disc F ventral disc surface before preservation. Scale bars: 2 cm (A, B); 1 cm (C); 2 mm (D); 1 mm (E); 0.5 mm (F). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A, B); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (C-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716351" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25A-C</figureCitation>
); lacking furrow spines (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Freyastera cf. tuberculata (Sladen, 1889). Specimen CCZ _ 175: A in situ image C whole specimen D ventral surface of the arms before preservation. Specimen CCZ _ 087: B in situ image E details of dorsal disc F ventral disc surface before preservation. Scale bars: 2 cm (A, B); 1 cm (C); 2 mm (D); 1 mm (E); 0.5 mm (F). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A, B); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (C-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716351" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25D</figureCitation>
). Each abactinal plate on the genital area bears a single spinelet (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Freyastera cf. tuberculata (Sladen, 1889). Specimen CCZ _ 175: A in situ image C whole specimen D ventral surface of the arms before preservation. Specimen CCZ _ 087: B in situ image E details of dorsal disc F ventral disc surface before preservation. Scale bars: 2 cm (A, B); 1 cm (C); 2 mm (D); 1 mm (E); 0.5 mm (F). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A, B); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (C-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716351" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25E</figureCitation>
), covered with a membrane with pedicellariae. Each mouth plate has two oral spines covered by a clear membrane bearing pedicellariae (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Freyastera cf. tuberculata (Sladen, 1889). Specimen CCZ _ 175: A in situ image C whole specimen D ventral surface of the arms before preservation. Specimen CCZ _ 087: B in situ image E details of dorsal disc F ventral disc surface before preservation. Scale bars: 2 cm (A, B); 1 cm (C); 2 mm (D); 1 mm (E); 0.5 mm (F). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A, B); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (C-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716351" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25F</figureCitation>
); one located on the adoral margin of the mouth plate and the suboral spine located above the centre of the mouth plate.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716351" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 25" startId="F25">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 25.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Sladen" baseAuthorityYear="1889" class="Crinoidea" family="Freyellidae" genus="Freyastera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Freyastera tuberculata" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tuberculata">Freyastera cf. tuberculata</taxonomicName>
(Sladen, 1889). Specimen CCZ_175:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
in situ image
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
whole specimen
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
ventral surface of the arms before preservation. Specimen CCZ_087:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
in situ image
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
details of dorsal disc
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
ventral disc surface before preservation. Scale bars: 2 cm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, B</emphasis>
); 1 cm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
); 2 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
); 1 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
); 0.5 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, B</emphasis>
); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C-F</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The COI sequences were very similar to sequences of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Sladen" baseAuthorityYear="1889" class="Crinoidea" family="Freyellidae" genus="Freyastera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Freyastera benthophila" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="benthophila">Freyastera cf. benthophila</taxonomicName>
(Sladen, 1889) collected in the UK-1 contract area from the CCZ (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.2.e10528" author="Glover, A" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Marine Science and Engineering" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B32" refString="Glover, A, Dahlgren, T, Taboada, S, Paterson, G, Wiklund, H, Waeschenbach, A, Cobley, A, Martinez, P, Kaiser, S, Schnurr, S, Khodami, S, Raschka, U, Kersken, D, Stuckas, H, Menot, L, Bonifacio, P, Vanreusel, A, Macheriotou, L, Cunha, M, Hilario, A, Rodrigues, C, Colaco, A, Ribeiro, P, Blazewicz, M, Gooday, A, Jones, D, Billett, D, Goineau, A, Amon, D, Smith, C, Patel, T, McQuaid, K, Spickermann, R, Brager, S, 2016a. The London Workshop on the Biogeography and Connectivity of the Clarion-Clipperton Zone. Research Ideas and Outcomes 2: e10528. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.2.e10528" title="The London Workshop on the Biogeography and Connectivity of the Clarion-Clipperton Zone. Research Ideas and Outcomes 2: e 10528." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.2.e10528" year="2016 a">Glover et al. 2016a</bibRefCitation>
), and which were recovered in a single clade (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Rooted Bayesian phylogeny of Asteroidea. Concatenated (12 S, 16 S, 18 S, COI, and H 3) median consensus BEAST tree with posterior probability (PP) and bootstrap (BS) values indicated. Only values of PP&gt; 0.70 and BS&gt; 50 are shown, with values of PP&gt; 0.95 and BS&gt; 90 indicated with a circle. Nodes not recovered on the RAxML tree are indicated with a hyphen. Sequences generated in this study are highlighted in violet." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716350" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">24</figureCitation>
). Only arm segments were recovered from the UK-1 specimens, and although they were found to resemble
<taxonomicName genus="F." lsidName="F. benthophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="benthophila">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F. benthophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the whole specimens collected in the western CCZ differ from the original description for the species. Only five species are known for having six rays:
<taxonomicName genus="F." lsidName="F. sexradiata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sexradiata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F. sexradiata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Perrier, 1885),
<taxonomicName genus="F." lsidName="F. benthophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="benthophila">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F. benthophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName genus="F." lsidName="F. tuberculata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tuberculata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F. tuberculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Sladen, 1889),
<taxonomicName genus="F." lsidName="F. basketa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="basketa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F. basketa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2019.103163" author="Zhang, R" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B106" refString="Zhang, R, Wang, C, Zhou, Y, Zhang, H, 2019. Morphology and molecular phylogeny of two new species in genus Freyastera (Asteroidea: Brisingida: Freyellidae), with a revised key to close species and ecological remarks. Deep-sea Research. Part I, Oceanographic Research Papers 154: e103163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2019.103163" title="Morphology and molecular phylogeny of two new species in genus Freyastera (Asteroidea: Brisingida: Freyellidae), with a revised key to close species and ecological remarks. Deep-sea Research. Part I, Oceanographic Research Papers 154: e 103163." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2019.103163" year="2019">Zhang et al., 2019</bibRefCitation>
, and
<taxonomicName genus="F." lsidName="F. delicata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="delicata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F. delicata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2019.103163" author="Zhang, R" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B106" refString="Zhang, R, Wang, C, Zhou, Y, Zhang, H, 2019. Morphology and molecular phylogeny of two new species in genus Freyastera (Asteroidea: Brisingida: Freyellidae), with a revised key to close species and ecological remarks. Deep-sea Research. Part I, Oceanographic Research Papers 154: e103163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2019.103163" title="Morphology and molecular phylogeny of two new species in genus Freyastera (Asteroidea: Brisingida: Freyellidae), with a revised key to close species and ecological remarks. Deep-sea Research. Part I, Oceanographic Research Papers 154: e 103163." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2019.103163" year="2019">Zhang et al., 2019</bibRefCitation>
. However,
<taxonomicName genus="F." lsidName="F. benthophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="benthophila">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F. benthophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is easily distinguished from the other two species by its abactinal armament; each abactinal plate bearing two or three spinelets covered with a simple membrane with no pedicellariae (
<bibRefCitation author="Sladen, WP" journalOrPublisher="Zoology (Jena, Germany)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 893" refId="B89" refString="Sladen, WP, 1889. Report on the Asteroidea. Report on the scientific results of the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876. Zoology (Jena, Germany) 30: 1 - 893" title="Report on the Asteroidea. Report on the scientific results of the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876." volume="30" year="1889">Sladen 1889</bibRefCitation>
). The specimens from the CCZ have abactinal spinelets covered by a membrane that bears pedicellariae (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Freyastera cf. tuberculata (Sladen, 1889). Specimen CCZ _ 175: A in situ image C whole specimen D ventral surface of the arms before preservation. Specimen CCZ _ 087: B in situ image E details of dorsal disc F ventral disc surface before preservation. Scale bars: 2 cm (A, B); 1 cm (C); 2 mm (D); 1 mm (E); 0.5 mm (F). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A, B); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (C-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716351" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25E</figureCitation>
). They also differ from
<taxonomicName genus="F." lsidName="F. benthophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="benthophila">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F. benthophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having the spines on the adoral margin of the mouth-plates covered by a clear membrane bearing pedicellariae instead of an opaque membrane with no pedicellariae (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.435" author="Downey, ME" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 57" refId="B23" refString="Downey, ME, 1986. Revision of the Atlantic Brisingida (Echinodermata: Asteroidea), with description of a new genus and family. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 435 (435): 1 - 57, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.435" title="Revision of the Atlantic Brisingida (Echinodermata: Asteroidea), with description of a new genus and family." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.435" volume="435" year="1986">Downey 1986</bibRefCitation>
). In addition, the suboral spines are located above the centre of the mouth plate (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Freyastera cf. tuberculata (Sladen, 1889). Specimen CCZ _ 175: A in situ image C whole specimen D ventral surface of the arms before preservation. Specimen CCZ _ 087: B in situ image E details of dorsal disc F ventral disc surface before preservation. Scale bars: 2 cm (A, B); 1 cm (C); 2 mm (D); 1 mm (E); 0.5 mm (F). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A, B); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (C-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716351" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25F</figureCitation>
), as in
<taxonomicName genus="F." lsidName="F. tuberculata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tuberculata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F. tuberculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and not below the centre of the mouth plate as described for
<taxonomicName genus="F." lsidName="F. benthophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="benthophila">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F. benthophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.435" author="Downey, ME" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 57" refId="B23" refString="Downey, ME, 1986. Revision of the Atlantic Brisingida (Echinodermata: Asteroidea), with description of a new genus and family. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 435 (435): 1 - 57, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.435" title="Revision of the Atlantic Brisingida (Echinodermata: Asteroidea), with description of a new genus and family." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.435" volume="435" year="1986">Downey 1986</bibRefCitation>
). Syntypes from
<taxonomicName genus="F." lsidName="F. tuberculata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tuberculata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F. tuberculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are from the Atlantic Ocean (
<bibRefCitation author="Sladen, WP" journalOrPublisher="Zoology (Jena, Germany)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 893" refId="B89" refString="Sladen, WP, 1889. Report on the Asteroidea. Report on the scientific results of the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876. Zoology (Jena, Germany) 30: 1 - 893" title="Report on the Asteroidea. Report on the scientific results of the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876." volume="30" year="1889">Sladen 1889</bibRefCitation>
), but it has been reported for the Eastern Tropical Pacific (
<geoCoordinate degrees="0.05" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="0.05">0.05°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="117.25" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="-117.25">117.25°W</geoCoordinate>
) at 4243 m depth (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.435" author="Downey, ME" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 57" refId="B23" refString="Downey, ME, 1986. Revision of the Atlantic Brisingida (Echinodermata: Asteroidea), with description of a new genus and family. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 435 (435): 1 - 57, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.435" title="Revision of the Atlantic Brisingida (Echinodermata: Asteroidea), with description of a new genus and family." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.435" volume="435" year="1986">Downey 1986</bibRefCitation>
). Unfortunately, there are no genetic sequences available for this species, but COI sequences from CCZ specimens are highly divergent from the sequence of
<taxonomicName genus="F." lsidName="F. benthophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="benthophila">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F. benthophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected in the Mariana Trench (K2P distance: 13-14%). In the phylogenetic tree they are also recovered in different clades, very close to another species reported herein, and to
<taxonomicName genus="F." lsidName="F. delicata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="delicata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F. delicata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Crinoidea" family="Freyellidae" genus="Freyastera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Freyastera" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Freyastera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. Yap (in
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2019.103163" author="Zhang, R" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B106" refString="Zhang, R, Wang, C, Zhou, Y, Zhang, H, 2019. Morphology and molecular phylogeny of two new species in genus Freyastera (Asteroidea: Brisingida: Freyellidae), with a revised key to close species and ecological remarks. Deep-sea Research. Part I, Oceanographic Research Papers 154: e103163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2019.103163" title="Morphology and molecular phylogeny of two new species in genus Freyastera (Asteroidea: Brisingida: Freyellidae), with a revised key to close species and ecological remarks. Deep-sea Research. Part I, Oceanographic Research Papers 154: e 103163." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2019.103163" year="2019">Zhang et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
) (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Rooted Bayesian phylogeny of Asteroidea. Concatenated (12 S, 16 S, 18 S, COI, and H 3) median consensus BEAST tree with posterior probability (PP) and bootstrap (BS) values indicated. Only values of PP&gt; 0.70 and BS&gt; 50 are shown, with values of PP&gt; 0.95 and BS&gt; 90 indicated with a circle. Nodes not recovered on the RAxML tree are indicated with a hyphen. Sequences generated in this study are highlighted in violet." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716350" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">24</figureCitation>
). The specimen collected here represents the same species as found in the eastern CCZ,
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Sladen" baseAuthorityYear="1889" class="Crinoidea" family="Freyellidae" genus="Freyastera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Freyastera benthophila" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="benthophila">Freyastera cf. benthophila</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e7251" author="Glover, AG" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Marine Science and Engineering" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B33" refString="Glover, AG, Wiklund, H, Rabone, M, Amon, DJ, Smith, CR, O'Hara, T, Mah, CL, Dahlgren, TG, 2016b. Abyssal fauna of the UK-1 polymetallic nodule exploration claim, Clarion-Clipperton Zone, central Pacific Ocean: Echinodermata. Biodiversity Data Journal 4: e7251. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e7251" title="Abyssal fauna of the UK- 1 polymetallic nodule exploration claim, Clarion-Clipperton Zone, central Pacific Ocean: Echinodermata. Biodiversity Data Journal 4: e 7251." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e7251" year="2016 b">Glover et al. 2016b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">One specimen was observed on the sedimented seafloor (CCZ_157), while another was sitting on a nodule with the actinal surface against the muddy seafloor and lifting the tip of the arms like a basket (CCZ_087). Both seastars were collected on abyssal sediments of APEI 4 at 5000 m depth. During morphological examination of these samples, the exoskeleton of a large (&gt; 6 mm long), digested copepod was found in the stomach of specimen CCZ_157.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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