204 lines
18 KiB
XML
204 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.485.9124" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d468e240-9b99-4883-9773-ce197c80d795" ID-PMC="PMC4361813" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-485-1" ID-PubMed="25829847" ID-ZBK="F18CFD3D10294E8AA2E8CEF1AFDBAC8F" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-485-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 485" ModsDocTitle="Integrative taxonomy of New World Euplectrus Westwood (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae), with focus on 55 new species from Area de Conservación Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica" checkinTime="1451244611570" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hansson, Christer, Smith, M. Alex, Janzen, Daniel H. & Hallwachs, Winnie" docDate="2015" docId="94A9F4FCA3DCDD246F0462981E66C281" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 485: 1-236" docOrigin="ZooKeys 485" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.485.9124" docTitle="Euplectrus scottshawi Hansson, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="682B5A51-9C6C-4F4C-9E22-F9D6A96FBA1B" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="79" masterDocId="FF88FF8BFFD1FFF508211F3E69571922" masterDocTitle="Integrative taxonomy of New World Euplectrus Westwood (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae), with focus on 55 new species from Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica" masterLastPageNumber="236" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="78" updateTime="1668160088334" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Integrative taxonomy of New World Euplectrus Westwood (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae), with focus on 55 new species from Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hansson, Christer</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Smith, M. Alex</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Janzen, Daniel H.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hallwachs, Winnie</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>485</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>236</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.485.9124</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.485.9124</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-485-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">F18CFD3D10294E8AA2E8CEF1AFDBAC8F</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">F18CFD3D10294E8AA2E8CEF1AFDBAC8F</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152058430" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:682B5A51-9C6C-4F4C-9E22-F9D6A96FBA1B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/94A9F4FCA3DCDD246F0462981E66C281" lastPageId="79" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
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<subSubSection pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Eulophidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/682B5A51-9C6C-4F4C-9E22-F9D6A96FBA1B" authority="Hansson" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Euplectrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euplectrus scottshawi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scottshawi">Euplectrus scottshawi Hansson</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="77" pageNumber="78">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figures 539-545, 549-551, 783
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="material">
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<paragraph pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="78" pageNumber="79" start="start">Material</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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Holotype a female labeled "COSTA RICA: Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Pitilla, Sendero Cuestona, 22.v.2006, C. Moraga, ex
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Trauaxa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trauaxa lua" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lua">Trauaxa lua</taxonomicName>
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eating
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Stemmadenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Stemmadenia robinsonii" order="Gentianales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robinsonii">Stemmadenia robinsonii</taxonomicName>
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, sibling of wasp DHJPAR0028877, 06-SRNP-31991" (BMNH). PARATYPES: 24♀ 4♂: COSTA RICA (ACG): Alajuela: Sector San Cristobal, Finca San Gabriel, 29.v.2006, C. Cano, ex
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Trauaxa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trauaxa lua" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lua">Trauaxa lua</taxonomicName>
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eating
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Tabernaemontana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tabernaemontana alba" order="Gentianales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alba">Tabernaemontana alba</taxonomicName>
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, sibling of wasp DHJPAR0028857, 06-SRNP-4258 (2♀, in INBio); Guanacaste: Sector Pitilla: Sendero Mismo, 18.v.2006, C. Moraga, ex
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Trauaxa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trauaxa lua" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lua">Trauaxa lua</taxonomicName>
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eating
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Stemmadenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Stemmadenia robinsonii" order="Gentianales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robinsonii">Stemmadenia robinsonii</taxonomicName>
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, sibling of wasp DHJPAR0028892, 06-SRNP-31937 (3♀ 1♂, in BMNH, INBio); Sendero Cuestona, 22.v.2006, C. Moraga, ex
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Trauaxa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trauaxa lua" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lua">Trauaxa lua</taxonomicName>
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eating
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Stemmadenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Stemmadenia robinsonii" order="Gentianales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robinsonii">Stemmadenia robinsonii</taxonomicName>
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, sibling of wasp DHJPAR0028877, 06-SRNP-31991 (2♀, in CNC, USNM); Sendero Evangelista, 15.vii.2006, P. Rios, ex
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Trauaxa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trauaxa lua" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lua">Trauaxa lua</taxonomicName>
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eating
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Stemmadenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Stemmadenia robinsonii" order="Gentianales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robinsonii">Stemmadenia robinsonii</taxonomicName>
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, sibling of wasp DHJPAR0028894, 06-SRNP-32841 (10♀, in BMNH, CNC, INBio, MZLU, USNM), with same locality and host as previous but collected 19.v.2012, sibling of wasp DHJPAR0050062, 12-SRNP-30860 (1♀ 1♂, in INBio); Sendero Naciente, 30.iv.2008, P. Rios, ex
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Trauaxa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trauaxa lua" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lua">Trauaxa lua</taxonomicName>
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eating
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Stemmadenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Stemmadenia robinsonii" order="Gentianales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robinsonii">Stemmadenia robinsonii</taxonomicName>
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, sibling of wasp DHJPAR0031172, 08-SRNP-31151 (2♀ 1♂, in BMNH); Sendero Nacho, 2.xii.2013, ex
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Trauaxa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trauaxa lua" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lua">Trauaxa lua</taxonomicName>
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eating
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Stemmadenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Stemmadenia robinsonii" order="Gentianales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robinsonii">Stemmadenia robinsonii</taxonomicName>
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, sibling of wasp DHJPAR0054868, 13-SRNP-31727, (4♀ 1♂, in BMNH); Sendero Orosilito, 15.iv.2013, F. Quesada, ex
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Callionima" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Callionima denticulata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="denticulata">Callionima denticulata</taxonomicName>
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eating
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Stemmadenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Stemmadenia robinsonii" order="Gentianales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robinsonii">Stemmadenia robinsonii</taxonomicName>
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, sibling of wasp DHJPAR0052363, 13-SRNP-30579 (2♀ 1♂, in BMNH).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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Lower face black (Figs 540, 541); fore and mid coxae white, remaining parts of fore and mid legs yellowish-brown, hind leg with coxa dark brown to almost black, femur with basal
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<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
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yellowish-white and apical
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<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
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dark brown, tibia yellowish-white, tarsus yellowish-brown (Fig. 539); petiole 1.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide; gaster with anterior
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<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
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yellowish-white with dark brown lateral margins, posterior
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<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
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dark brown (Figs 542, 543); male scape expanded and widest above the middle (Fig. 545), sensory pores confined to apicoventral ⅔, sensory area pale brown.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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Female. Length of body 2.4 mm. Antenna with scape yellowish-white, pedicel yellowish-brown, flagellomere 1 pale brown, 2-6 dark brown (Fig. 544). Mandibles yellowish-brown with base brown, palpi yellowish-white. Head including lower face black and shiny (Fig. 540). Frons close to eyes with one row of setae in lower
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<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
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, with two rows in upper
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<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
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(Fig. 549). Vertex smooth (Fig. 550). Occipital margin with a weak carina (Fig. 550).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 539). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with 10 setae. Scutellum 0.9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide; with weak engraved reticulation (Fig. 551). Dorsellum along anterior margin with a groove that is divided by longitudinal carinae (Fig. 783), groove medially 0.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as length of dorsellum. Propodeum smooth (Fig. 783); anteromedially with a semicircular cup; propodeal callus with 11 setae. Legs (Fig. 539): fore and mid coxae white, remaining parts of fore and mid legs yellowish-brown; hind leg with coxa dark brown - almost black, femur with basal
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<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
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yellowish-white and apical
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<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
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dark brown, tibia yellowish-white, tarsus yellowish-brown. Fore wing: costal cell with two irregular rows of setae on ventral surface, and margin with three setae close to marginal vein; with 17 admarginal setae, in one row.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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Gaster with anterior
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<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
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yellowish-white with dark brown lateral margins, posterior
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<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
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dark brown (Fig. 542).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Ratios. HE/MS/WM = 1.8/1.0/1.1; POL/OOL/POO = 6.5/3.5/1.0; OOL/DO = 1.4; WE/WF/WH/HH = 1.0/2.4/4.5/3.3; WH/WT = 1.0; PM/ST = 1.7; TS1/TS2/LT/LT1/LT2/LT3/LT4 = 4.4/2.6/6.4/2.4/1.2/1.0/2.1; LP/WP = 1.0; MM/LG = 1.4.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Male. Length of body 2.1 mm. Scape white, expanded and widest above the middle (Fig. 545), sensory pores confined to apicoventral ⅔, sensory area pale brown. Otherwise similar to female.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Ratio. LC/WS = 3.5.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="hosts and biology">
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<paragraph pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Hosts and biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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Feeding on last instar larva of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Trauaxa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trauaxa lua" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lua">Trauaxa lua</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName family="Erebidae" lsidName="" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rank="family">Erebidae</taxonomicName>
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) feeding on
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Stemmadenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Stemmadenia robinsonii" order="Gentianales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robinsonii">Stemmadenia robinsonii</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Tabernaemontana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tabernaemontana alba" order="Gentianales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alba">Tabernaemontana alba</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName family="Apocynaceae" lsidName="Euplectrus" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rank="family">Apocynaceae</taxonomicName>
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), and on second instar larva of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Callionima" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Callionima denticulata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="denticulata">Callionima denticulata</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName family="Sphingidae" lsidName="" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rank="family">Sphingidae</taxonomicName>
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) feeding on
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Stemmadenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Stemmadenia robinsonii" order="Gentianales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robinsonii">Stemmadenia robinsonii</taxonomicName>
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, parasitoid cocoons stuck to dead larva and substrate.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Costa Rica (Guanacaste Province).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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This species is named after Scott R. Shaw, in recognition of his contribution to the understanding of ACG
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Euplectrus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
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taxonomy.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="79" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="79" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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The specimens from
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Callionima" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Callionima denticulata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="denticulata">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="79" pageNumber="80" start="start">Callionima</pageBreakToken>
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denticulata
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</taxonomicName>
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are distinctly paler than specimens from
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Trauaxa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trauaxa lua" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lua">Trauaxa lua</taxonomicName>
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but it is not known whether this is due to some aspect of their treatment, or if they were preserved in ethanol while still teneral. The unexpected host record of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Callionima" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Callionima denticulata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="denticulata">Callionima denticulata</taxonomicName>
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, a normal herbivore for this plant, was confirmed by further inspection and photography of the morphology of the mummy.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |