162 lines
14 KiB
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162 lines
14 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.548.6164" ID-GBIF-Dataset="62b6d215-f763-403e-8931-b2f25666d5ab" ID-PMC="PMC4714362" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-548-1" ID-PubMed="26798322" ID-ZBK="D5D7B51E5AC6460D9B3C7584E46F9B3F" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-548-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 548" ModsDocTitle="An illustrated key to the cuckoo wasps (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae) of the Nordic and Baltic countries, with description of a new species" checkinTime="1451243596421" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Paukkunen, Juho, Berg, Alexander, Soon, Villu, Odegaard, Frode & Rosa, Paolo" docDate="2015" docId="7D848DA495A428F71AB4B3C788C91B0C" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 548: 1-116" docOrigin="ZooKeys 548" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.548.6164" docTitle="Pseudomalus violaceus Scopoli 1763" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="18" masterDocId="F34E322C6E3DFFFDFFB9090AFFD3FFAC" masterDocTitle="An illustrated key to the cuckoo wasps (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae) of the Nordic and Baltic countries, with description of a new species" masterLastPageNumber="116" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="17" updateTime="1668162373669" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>An illustrated key to the cuckoo wasps (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae) of the Nordic and Baltic countries, with description of a new species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Paukkunen, Juho</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Berg, Alexander</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Soon, Villu</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Odegaard, Frode</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rosa, Paolo</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>548</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>116</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.548.6164</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.548.6164</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-548-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">D5D7B51E5AC6460D9B3C7584E46F9B3F</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">D5D7B51E5AC6460D9B3C7584E46F9B3F</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127852957" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7D848DA495A428F71AB4B3C788C91B0C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7D848DA495A428F71AB4B3C788C91B0C" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="16" pageNumber="17" start="start">Taxon</pageBreakToken>
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classification Animalia Hymenoptera Chrysididae
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<taxonomicName authority="Scopoli, 1763" authorityName="Scopoli" authorityYear="1763" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Pseudomalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudomalus violaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="violaceus">Pseudomalus violaceus (Scopoli, 1763)</taxonomicName>
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Fig. 30
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sphecidae" genus="Sphex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphex violacea" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="violacea">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="17" pageNumber="18" start="start">Sphex</pageBreakToken>
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violacea
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</taxonomicName>
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Scopoli, 1763: 298.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis micans" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="micans">Chrysis micans</taxonomicName>
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Olivier, 1791: 677.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis fuscipennis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscipennis">Chrysis fuscipennis</taxonomicName>
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Dahlbom, 1829: 15.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis coerulea" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coerulea">Chrysis coerulea</taxonomicName>
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Dahlbom, 1831: 33.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Pseudomalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudomalus violaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="violaceus">Pseudomalus violaceus</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="Kimsey, LS" journalOrPublisher="Oxford Press, New York" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" title="[1990] The Chrysidid Wasps of the World." year="1991">Kimsey and Bohart 1991</bibRefCitation>
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: 270.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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Length 5-8 mm. The species differs from other species of the genus by its completely violet-blue (female) or black-green to black-blue (male) body, and a wide and shallow apical notch on T3. The scapal basin is also higher and dorsally deeply angled. Exceptionally small and worn specimens can be confused with
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Omalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Omalus puncticollis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puncticollis">Omalus puncticollis</taxonomicName>
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(or
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Omalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Omalus aeneus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeneus">Omalus aeneus</taxonomicName>
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), but the mesopleuron of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Pseudomalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudomalus violaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="violaceus">Pseudomalus violaceus</taxonomicName>
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always strongly projects ventrally (as in Fig. 28) and the mesoscutum has large punctures, which are clumped postero-medially (as in Fig. 27).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Sweden. Relatively rare. - Trans-Palearctic (?). Europe, Middle East, Siberia, Manchuria (
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<bibRefCitation author="Linsenmaier, W" journalOrPublisher="Veroeffentlichungen aus dem Natur-Museum Luzern" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="1 - 139" title="Die Goldwespen der Schweiz." volume="9" year="1997">Linsenmaier 1997</bibRefCitation>
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). Eastern records could be related to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Pseudomalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudomalus bergi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bergi">Pseudomalus bergi</taxonomicName>
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Semenov, 1932 (
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<bibRefCitation author="Rosa, P" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 128" title="An annotated checklist of the chrysidid wasps (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae) from China." url="10.3897/zookeys.455.6557" volume="455" year="2014">Rosa et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
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) or other similar central Asiatic species, e.g.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Pseudomalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudomalus bogojavlenskii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bogojavlenskii">Pseudomalus bogojavlenskii</taxonomicName>
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Semenov, 1932 or
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Pseudomalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudomalus saturatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saturatus">Pseudomalus saturatus</taxonomicName>
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Semenov, 1932.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="biology">
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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Habitat: forest margins and clearings. Often found on leaves of sun-exposed deciduous trees and bushes. Flight period: June to August. Adults are attracted to honeydew of aphids (
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<bibRefCitation author="Gauss, R" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen des Badischen Landesvereins fuer Naturkunde und Naturschutz, Neue Folge" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="361 - 371" title="Varietaeten, Abnormitaten und Raritaten bei Hautflueglern (HymenopteraAculeata), gleichzeitig dritter Nachtrag zur Hautflueglerfauna im badischen Raum." volume="14" year="1987">Gauss 1987</bibRefCitation>
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). Host:
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Pemphredon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pemphredon lugubris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">Pemphredon lugubris</taxonomicName>
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(Fabricius), more rarely also
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Passaloecus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Passaloecus corniger" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corniger">Passaloecus corniger</taxonomicName>
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Shuckard and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Passaloecus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Passaloecus eremita" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eremita">Passaloecus eremita</taxonomicName>
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Kohl (
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<taxonomicName family="Crabronidae" lsidName="" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="family">Crabronidae</taxonomicName>
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) (
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<bibRefCitation author="Nielsen, IC" journalOrPublisher="Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra den naturhistoriske Forening i Kjobenhavn for" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" pagination="255 - 280" title="Biologiske Studier over Gravehvepse." volume="1900" year="1900">Nielsen 1900</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Morgan, D" journalOrPublisher="Royal Entomological Society of London, London" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" title="Cuckoo-wasps, Hymenoptera, Chrysididae. Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects, Vol. 6, Part 5." year="1984">Morgan 1984</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Gathmann, A" journalOrPublisher="Naturschutz und Landschaftspflege Baden-Wuerttemberg" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="277 - 305" title="Landschafts-Bewertung mit Bienen und Wespen in Nisthilfen: Artenspectrum, Interactionen und Bestimmungschluessel." volume="73" year="1999">Gathmann and Tscharntke 1999</bibRefCitation>
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, our own obs.). Host records of other species (e.g.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Trypoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trypoxylon" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Trypoxylon</taxonomicName>
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Latreille) are doubtful, because of their deviant biology compared to other hosts. In Finland, the species has been reared from an old gall of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Saperda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Saperda populnea" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="populnea">Saperda populnea</taxonomicName>
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(Linnaeus) (
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<taxonomicName family="Cerambycidae" lsidName="" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="family">Cerambycidae</taxonomicName>
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) on a
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Populus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Populus" order="Malpighiales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Populus</taxonomicName>
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branch (M. Pentinsaari pers. obs.) and a rotten
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Alnus" order="Fagales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Alnus</taxonomicName>
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stump containing host nests.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |