274 lines
23 KiB
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274 lines
23 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/alpento.4.50703" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a9e0336c-85fe-4d7c-8998-fadb8b1e4a29" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163737596" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2535-0889-4-39" ID-Pensoft-UUID="73E3CBB8841D53E98BB78BA05DDC69C9" ID-ZooBank="D9502F1AAEC04B0F845C87D86632AF17" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BEDFE053-00A6-4904-8F94-E0EF8AF4E716" ModsDocID="2535-0889-4-39" checkinTime="1587713590471" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Huemer, Peter" docDate="2020" docId="767C6E4F29F85CE0A3C15512EFC736B1" docLanguage="en" docName="AlpEntomol 4: 39-63" docOrigin="Alpine Entomology 4" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/alpento.4.50703" docTitle="Caryocolum messneri Huemer 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="BEDFE053-00A6-4904-8F94-E0EF8AF4E716" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="73E3CBB8841D53E98BB78BA05DDC69C9" lastPageNumber="39" masterDocId="73E3CBB8841D53E98BB78BA05DDC69C9" masterDocTitle="Integrative revision of the Caryocolum schleichi species group - a striking example of a temporally changing species concept (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae)" masterLastPageNumber="63" masterPageNumber="39" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" updateTime="1643439336999" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Integrative revision of the Caryocolum schleichi species group - a striking example of a temporally changing species concept (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Huemer, Peter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Tiroler Landesmuseen Betriebgsges. m. b. H., Sammlungs- und Forschungszentrum, Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen, Krajnc-Str. 1, A- 6060 Hall in Tirol, Austria</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0630-545X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">p.huemer@tiroler-landesmuseen.at</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Alpine Entomology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>4</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>39</mods:start>
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<mods:end>63</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/alpento.4.50703</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/alpento.4.50703</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">2535-0889-4-39</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">D9502F1AAEC04B0F845C87D86632AF17</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">73E3CBB8841D53E98BB78BA05DDC69C9</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="163737596" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BEDFE053-00A6-4904-8F94-E0EF8AF4E716" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/767C6E4F29F85CE0A3C15512EFC736B1" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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<taxonomicName LSID="767C6E4F-29F8-5CE0-A3C1-5512EFC736B1" authority="Huemer, 2020" authorityName="Huemer" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum messneri" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="messneri" status="sp. nov.">Caryocolum messneri</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="39">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2609799210" collectingDate="2020-01-01" collectingDateMax="2020-12-31" collectingDateMin="2020-01-01" collectionCode="TLMF" collectorName="Huemer & P. Huemer" country="Italy" elevation="0" latitude="46.67417" location="Suedtirol / Schnals" longitude="10.945" municipality="Suedtirol / Schnals" specimenCode="TLMF Lep 16694, GEL 1255" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCount type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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, "
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<collectingCountry>ITALIA</collectingCountry>
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sept.
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<collectingMunicipality>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Südtirol">Suedtirol</normalizedToken>
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/ Schnals
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</collectingMunicipality>
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, Neu-Ratteis, / Fuchsberg,
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<elevation>980 m</elevation>
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/
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<geoCoordinate>10°56'42"E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate>46°40'27"N</geoCoordinate>
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/
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<elevation>650 m,</elevation>
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<collectingDate>28.8.2014</collectingDate>
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/ leg.
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<collectorName>Huemer</collectorName>
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" "DNA Barcode /
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<specimenCode>TLMF Lep 16694</specimenCode>
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" "
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<collectorName>P. Huemer</collectorName>
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/
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<specimenCode>GEL 1255</specimenCode>
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♂" (
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<collectionCode>TLMF</collectionCode>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Paratypes</emphasis>
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: Italy: 1 ♂, same data as holotype, but DNA Barcode TLMF Lep 16694; 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Südtirol">Suedtirol</normalizedToken>
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province, Schnalstal, unt. Ladurner, 650 m, 31 Aug. 2019, leg. Huemer, DNA Barcodes TLMF Lep 23981, 23982, 4 gen. slides in glycerin; 1 ♂, Trento province, Villamontagna, 600 m, 17 Aug. 1982, leg. Burmann, gen. slide GU 86/035 ♂ P. Huemer (all TLMF). Bulgaria: 1 ♀, Trigrad env., 1240 m, 4 Aug. 2013, leg. Karsholt & Zlatkov, DNA Barcode TLMF Lep 21297 (ZMUC). Greece: 1 ♀, Epirus, Mitsikeli Mt. near Joannina, 1400 m,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="39" direction="north" minutes="46" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="15" value="39.770832">39°46'15"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="20" direction="east" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="20" value="20.805555">20°48'20"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 8 Jul. 2005, leg. Mayr (RCTM).
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/alpento.4.50703.figures36-39" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/403197" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" start="Figures 36–39" startId="F12">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Figures 36-39.</emphasis>
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Female genitalia (segment VIII).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">36</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Christoph" baseAuthorityYear="1872" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum schleichi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schleichi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Caryocolum schleichi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, Syria, slide GU 86/277 P. Huemer;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">37</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. dianthella" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="dianthella">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. dianthella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, Spain, slide GEL 1285 P. Huemer;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">38</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. improvisella" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="improvisella">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. improvisella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, Italy, slide GEL 1291 P. Huemer;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">39</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. arenariella" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="arenariella">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. arenariella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, Sweden, slide GEL 1292 P. Huemer.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption doi="10.3897/alpento.4.50703.figures40-42" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/403198" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" start="Figures 40–42" startId="F13">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Figures 40-42.</emphasis>
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Female genitalia (segment VIII).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">40</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Huemer" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum messneri" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="messneri">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Caryocolum messneri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, paratype, Italy, slide GEL 1295 P. Huemer;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">41</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. lamai" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="lamai">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. lamai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, paratype, Italy, slide GEL 1286 P. Huemer;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">42</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. habeleri" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="habeleri">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. habeleri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, paratype, Germany, slide M 1703.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. messneri" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="messneri">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. messneri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs from
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. schleichi" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="schleichi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. schleichi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the brown rather than cream-white head, thorax and tegulae. It is usually larger than
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. arenariella" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="arenariella">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. arenariella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. lamai" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="lamai">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. lamai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and the medial spot is less sharply delimited than in
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. dianthella" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="dianthella">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. dianthella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Otherwise,
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. messneri" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="messneri">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. messneri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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cannot be reliably separated from the other species of the complex by external characters, though the usually well developed rusty-brown mottling seems unique. The male genitalia are characterized in particular by the moderately long, pointed dorsal process of the valva, a character which is only shared with
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. improvisella" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="improvisella">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. improvisella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. arenariella" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="arenariella">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. arenariella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. lamai" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="lamai">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. lamai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. However, this process is distinctly shorter than in
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. arenariella" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="arenariella">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. arenariella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. lamai" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="lamai">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. lamai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The species further differs from
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. improvisella" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="improvisella">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. improvisella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in several characters such as the more slender valva with parallel outer edges and a distodorsal bulge, a shorter dorsal process, and the distinctly longer latero-medial processes of the vinculum. The female genitalia are hardly discernible from several other species of the
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. schleichi" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="schleichi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. schleichi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group though the shortly crescent-shaped base of the signum in combination with the moderately slender signum hook seem characteristic and differ from all other species except for
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. improvisella" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="improvisella">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. improvisella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. However, the individual variation of these characters is insufficiently documented due to lack of material.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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Adult (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 9–12" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 9 - 12. Adults. 9 Caryocolum lamai, paratype, male, Italy; 10 C. lamai, paratype, male, Italy; 11 C. messneri, paratype, male, Italy; 12 C. habeleri, paratype, male, France." figureDoi="10.3897/alpento.4.50703.figures9-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/403189" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">11</figureCitation>
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). Forewing length ♂ 5.5-6.0 mm, ♀ 5.0 mm. Head with dark grey-brown vertex, mottled with white, frons cream-white; first segment of labial palpus dark brown, second segment cream-white on inner and upper surface, ventral and outer surface predominantly dark brown, dark brown mixed with few whitish scales on segment three; antenna black, weakly ringed paler. Thorax and tegula dark brown anteriorly, posterior half cream with rusty brown mottling. Abdomen cream-white with some grey on ventral surface. Forewing dark brown, mottled with white on dorsal margin; basal two thirds with rusty-brown mottling, particularly white markings; white transverse fascia from fold to costa at one-fifth; white medial spot occasionally extended towards costa and dorsal margin; white costal and tornal spots separate; fringes basally dark brown, distal part paler. Hindwing light grey.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="variation">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Variation.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">In the limited available material, the extent of rusty-brown mottling shows some variation.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="male genitalia">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Male genitalia</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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(Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 17–20" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 17 - 20. Male genitalia. 17 Caryocolum arenariella, Russia, slide GEL 1260 P. Huemer; 18 C. messneri, holotype, Italy, slide GEL 1255; 19 C. lamai, paratype, Italy, slide GEL 1258 P. Huemer; 21 C. habeleri, paratype, France, slide GEL 1289 P. Huemer." figureDoi="10.3897/alpento.4.50703.figures17-20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/403191" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">18</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 25–28" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 25 - 28. Male genitalia (details vinculum-valva-complex). 25 Caryocolum arenariella, Russia, slide GEL 1260 P. Huemer; 26 C. messneri, holotype, Italy, slide GEL 1255; 27 C. lamai, paratype, Italy, slide GEL 1258 P. Huemer; 28 C. habeleri, paratype, France, slide GEL 1289 P. Huemer." figureDoi="10.3897/alpento.4.50703.figures25-28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/403193" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">26</figureCitation>
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). Uncus broadly sub-quadrangular, posterior corners rounded; lateral sclerites of gnathos distinct, medial part with large minutely spined culcitula; tegumen weakly widened anteriorly, with slightly emarginated anterior margin; transtilla sclerotized, longitudinally folded; pedunculus large, sub-triangular, with sclerotized inner edge; valva nearly straight, long, moderately slender distal part with parallel edges, except for bulged disto-dorsal edge, apex with two processes, stout and moderately long and pointed dorsal process extended to about middle of uncus, broadly digitate ventral process at about right-angles to and slightly longer than dorsal process; sacculus moderately long, slender, with parallel margins, apically pointed; posterior margin of vinculum deeply incised medially, with pair of moderately long digitate processes, pair of latero-medial processes moderately broad, digitate, distinctly projected; saccus slightly longer than valva, slender, gradually tapered to apex; phallus long, slender, nearly straight, apically with area of small cornuti.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="female genitalia">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Female genitalia</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
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(Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 33–35" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figures 33 - 35. Female genitalia. 33 Caryocolum messneri, paratype, Italy, slide GEL 1295 P. Huemer; 34 C. lamai, paratype, Italy, slide GEL 1286 P. Huemer; 35 C. habeleri, paratype, Germany, slide M 1703." figureDoi="10.3897/alpento.4.50703.figures33-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/403196" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">33</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 40–42" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figures 40 - 42. Female genitalia (segment VIII). 40 Caryocolum messneri, paratype, Italy, slide GEL 1295 P. Huemer; 41 C. lamai, paratype, Italy, slide GEL 1286 P. Huemer; 42 C. habeleri, paratype, Germany, slide M 1703." figureDoi="10.3897/alpento.4.50703.figures40-42" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/403198" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">40</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 47–49" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figures 47 - 49. Female genitalia (signum). 47 Caryocolum messneri, paratype, Italy, slide GEL 1295 P. Huemer; 48 C. lamai, paratype, Italy, slide GEL 1286 P. Huemer; 49 C. habeleri, paratype, Germany, slide M 1703." figureDoi="10.3897/alpento.4.50703.figures47-49" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/403200" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">47</figureCitation>
|
||
). Apophysis posterior almost five times length of apophysis anterior; segment VIII without processes, smooth; ostium bursae with short lateral folds; apophysis anterior about length of segment VIII; antrum short, about one-fifth length of apophysis anterior, funnel-shaped; posterior part of ductus bursae with pair of long lateral sclerites extending to about apex of apophysis anterior, membranous part of ductus bursae about length of segment VIII including apophysis anterior; signum on right side of entrance to sub-oval corpus bursae, with broad and shortly crescent-shaped base and moderately slender hook.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="molecular data">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Molecular data.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
|
||
BIN: BOLD:ACT3307. The intraspecific average distance of the barcode region is 1.18%, the maximum distance 1.77% (p-dist) (n = 4). The minimum distance to the nearest neighbor,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. arenariella" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="arenariella">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. arenariella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is 2.25%.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">The species is named in honour of Reinhold Messner, the first climber to ascend all fourteen peaks above 8000 metres sea level and living in the neighborhood of the type locality of the new species.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Distribution map of successfully sequenced material of the C. schleichi species group. Map created with SimpleMappr (http: // www. simplemappr. net)." figureDoi="10.3897/alpento.4.50703.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/403186" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">1</figureCitation>
|
||
). The species is currently only known from a restricted area in northern Italy (region of Trentino-Alto Adige) and from specimens collected in Slovenia, Bulgaria and Greece.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="bionomics">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Bionomics.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
|
||
Host-plant and early stages are undescribed but it seems most likely that the species shows a similar behaviour as related taxa with a hostplant restriction to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dianthus" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Dianthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. At the type-locality
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dianthus sylvestris" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Dianthus sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Wulfen has been recorded. The adults have been found from mid to late August nearby rocks on siliceous soil where they were attracted to artificial light sources.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |