159 lines
23 KiB
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159 lines
23 KiB
XML
<document id="9A597966C1A68A1B8E64DB0C33A41C23" ID-CLB-Dataset="7533" ID-DOI="10.3853/j.0067-1975.49.1997.249" ID-GBIF-Dataset="77d8ffc4-7184-45f0-a0bc-2066796089dc" ID-ISSN="0067-1975" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4655054" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1617232373476" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Chen, Jun-Yuan, Edgecombe, Gregory D. & Ramsköld, Lars" docDate="1997" docId="7622A01AF73AAF3CF9A41404FDB0370E" docLanguage="en" docName="RecAustMus.49.1.1-24.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Records of the Australian Museum 49 (1)" docSource="https://journals.australian.museum/chen-et-al-1997-rec-aust-mus-491-124/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:D3147822FB22E0797CFA40BA2FBFB595.2:RecAustMus.1986-1997.journal_article" docStyleId="D3147822FB22E0797CFA40BA2FBFB595" docStyleName="RecAustMus.1986-1997.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Misszhouia Chen & Edgecombe & Ramsköld 1997, n.gen." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="3" masterDocId="8A1BD862F73BAF3EFF901D4EF9033B70" masterDocTitle="Morphological and ecological disparity in naraoiids (Arthropoda) from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang Fauna, China" masterLastPageNumber="24" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1698935768284" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="A5A3418DC0D7AF61C8E275F995D8326A">
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<mods:title id="2BE8765A631EF4AD83A4A12E377365EB">Morphological and ecological disparity in naraoiids (Arthropoda) from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang Fauna, China</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="70CAEE4682AB18B4F4CC5CD2E622FC12" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="38C7DAB8BA4116B271DE4CDA14387F62">Chen, Jun-Yuan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3A25EDE0FC3888C923D435E632FE78EF">Edgecombe, Gregory D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="60919D684F5AF6661DC86777206CD6B3">Ramsköld, Lars</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="006DEAEE98677418CDBBE4911AFDEC7A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="86C71F641C052725AADB459A1DE91B05">Records of the Australian Museum</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="164176A569E46FAE64DF54AE458BE5A5">
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<mods:date id="D7EE24533D952042E552205397644475">1997</mods:date>
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<treatment id="7622A01AF73AAF3CF9A41404FDB0370E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4658498" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180784476" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4658498" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7622A01AF73AAF3CF9A41404FDB0370E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7622A01AF73AAF3CF9A41404FDB0370E" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<subSubSection id="B6914287F73AAF3FF9A41404FE923200" box="[1588,1937,2378,2416]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="FE34110CF73AAF3FF9A41404FE923200" blockId="1.[1588,1937,2378,2416]" box="[1588,1937,2378,2416]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<heading id="A57CA660F73AAF3FF9A41404FE923200" box="[1588,1937,2378,2416]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="398B6A8FF73AAF3FF9A41404FE043200" authority="Chen & Edgecombe & Ramsköld, 1997" authorityName="Chen & Edgecombe & Ramsköld" authorityYear="1997" box="[1588,1799,2378,2416]" class="Trilobita" family="Naraoiidae" genus="Misszhouia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nektaspida" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Misszhouia</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="D7CC7065F73AAF3FF8B31404FE923200" box="[1827,1937,2378,2416]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" rank="genus">n.gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B6914287F73AAF3FFB6814FCFEE73177" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="FE34110CF73AAF3FFB6814FCFEE73177" blockId="1.[1272,2252,2482,2567]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Etymology. In honour of Miss Zhou Gui-qing, for her skilled preparation of Chengjiang fossils.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B6914287F73AAF3FFB691705FC5631EF" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="FE34110CF73AAF3FFB691705FC5631EF" blockId="1.[1273,2250,2633,2719]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<typeStatus id="2130AFAEF73AAF3FFB691705FC4C3101" box="[1273,1359,2635,2673]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Type</typeStatus>
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species.
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<taxonomicName id="398B6A8FF73AAF3FF9801705FF993101" authorityName="Walcott" authorityYear="1912" box="[1552,1690,2635,2673]" class="Trilobita" family="Naraoiidae" genus="Naraoia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nektaspida" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="CCFFCD1EF73AAF3FF9801705FF993101" box="[1552,1690,2635,2673]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Naraoia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="398B6A8FF73AAF3FF92B1707FC5331EF" authority="Zhang & Hou, 1985" authorityName="Zhang & Hou" authorityYear="1985" class="Trilobita" family="Naraoiidae" genus="Misszhouia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nektaspida" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicaudata">
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<heading id="A57CA660F73AAF3FF92B1707F1C93100" box="[1723,2250,2633,2672]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="5">
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<emphasis id="CCFFCD1EF73AAF3FF92B1707FE9B3100" box="[1723,1944,2633,2672]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">longicaudata</emphasis>
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Zhang & Hou,
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</heading>
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1985
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B6914287F73AAF3CFB6817AEFB533159" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="FE34110CF73AAF3CFB6817AEFA6B3944" blockId="1.[1271,2254,2784,3191]" lastBlockId="2.[227,1208,433,564]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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Diagnosis. A naraoiid with antennule directed anterolaterally, proximal part not strongly deflected outwards; four pairs of relatively small digestive caeca in cephalon, without ramifying anterior diverticula; trunk a single tergite, lacking articulations (shared with
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<emphasis id="CCFFCD1EF73AAF3FFB671688FC9F309D" box="[1271,1436,3014,3053]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<taxonomicName id="398B6A8FF73AAF3FFB671688FC8A309D" authorityName="Walcott" authorityYear="1912" box="[1271,1417,3014,3053]" class="Trilobita" family="Naraoiidae" genus="Naraoia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nektaspida" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Naraoia</taxonomicName>
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);
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</emphasis>
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gut of relatively small diameter; exopod "fan" with large surface area composed of long lamellar setae; exopod attached along entire length of basis and at least proximal part of first podomere of endopod; exopod shaft gently tapering distally; distal lobe of exopod lanceolate, not substantially expanded; endopod composed of seven podomeres including terminal claw.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FE34110CF739AF3CFF741F39FAB93FE8" blockId="2.[216,1213,631,3198]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="CCFFCD1EF739AF3CFF741F39FA3139EE" bold="true" box="[228,818,631,670]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Hypostome and frontal organs.</emphasis>
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Homologies between naraoiid and trilobite hypostomes appear complex, and some discussion is required in order to use a meaningful descriptive terminology for
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<emphasis id="CCFFCD1EF739AF3CFD771E4EFAB33858" box="[743,944,768,808]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="398B6A8FF739AF3CFD771E4EFAA83858" authorityName="Chen & Edgecombe & Ramsköld" authorityYear="1997" box="[743,939,768,808]" class="Trilobita" family="Naraoiidae" genus="Misszhouia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nektaspida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Misszhouia</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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The structure identified by Zhang &
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<bibRefCitation id="9A1A6CFDF739AF3CFDEF1E61FA473826" author="G. Hou" box="[639,836,815,854]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="591 - 595" refId="ref12081" refString="Zhang, w. - T. & x. - G. Hou, 1985. Preliminary notes on the occurrence of the unusual trilobite Naraoia in Asia. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 24 (6): 591 - 595." type="journal article" year="1985">Hou (1985)</bibRefCitation>
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as the hypostome of
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<taxonomicName id="398B6A8FF739AF3CFF711E12FB0438F4" box="[225,519,860,900]" class="Trilobita" family="Naraoiidae" genus="Misszhouia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nektaspida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicaudata">
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<emphasis id="CCFFCD1EF739AF3CFF711E12FB0438F4" box="[225,519,860,900]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">M. longicaudata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is described here as the "ovate lobe of the hypostomal complex" (
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<figureCitation id="66B00D89F739AF3CFCB01EC5FAB338C2" box="[800,944,907,946]" captionStart="Figs 2" captionStartId="12.[1338,1408,408,447]" captionText="Figs 2b and 8c for range of variation), whereas in N. spinosa the antennules were forced to flex anteriorly far distal to their attachment in order to reach an exsagittal direction (Fig. 16b), but the proximal part consistently runs transversely from the hypostome. Relevant outgroup taxa such as Trilobita (Whittington & Almond, 1987; Shu et al., 1995), Tegopeltidae (Whittington, 1985: figs 2, 3), and Helmetiida (Hou, 1987: pI. 3, fig. 2) also lack a strong proximal deflection of the antennule. The apomorphic state in Naraoia is also shared by Liwia which, contrary to its reconstruction (Dzik & Lendzion, 1988: fig. 5A), has strongly deflected antennules (Dzik & Lendzion, 1988: fig. 4A,B)." pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 2c</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="66B00D89F739AF3CFC481EC5FAFC38C2" box="[984,1023,907,946]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[212,268,2074,2110]" captionTargetBox="[245,1171,404,2044]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Misszhouia longicaudata (Zhang & Hou, 1985). a, camera lucida drawing of ELRC 11558 (fig. 2c). b, camera lucida drawing of ELRC 11559 (Fig. 2a). See Appendix for abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4655060" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4655060/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">3a</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="66B00D89F739AF3CFBB51EC5FD3F38C2" box="[1061,1084,907,946]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[368,423,2986,3021]" captionTargetBox="[277,2222,471,2918]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Misszhouia longicaudata (Zhang & Hou, 1985). a, camera lucida drawing of head and anterior part of trunk of ELRC II076a, from locality MQA. The specimen was embedded in the sediment tilted to the right side, so that ventral structures are displaced to the left. The biramous limbs are numbered I to 5 from anterior on the exopod shafts. See Appendix for abbreviations; b, ELRC l1076a. Light from NW (see Fig. lOb for trunk)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4655062" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4655062/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">4</figureCitation>
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). This ventrally convex lobe is a moderately large sternite (less than 30 percent the length of the cephalon). Its margins are not strongly defined, indicating weaker sclerotisation than that of the tergites. It is longitudinally ovate, with maximum width posterior to midlength.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FE34110CF739AF3CFE8119D1FB533159" blockId="2.[216,1213,631,3198]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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Anterior to the ovate lobe of the hypostomal complex are three ventrally-bulging organs, here called frontal organs, of which the medial of the three is set forward of the other two (
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<figureCitation id="66B00D89F739AF3CFDBF1867FBD73E20" box="[559,724,1321,1360]" captionStart="Figs 2" captionStartId="12.[1338,1408,408,447]" captionText="Figs 2b and 8c for range of variation), whereas in N. spinosa the antennules were forced to flex anteriorly far distal to their attachment in order to reach an exsagittal direction (Fig. 16b), but the proximal part consistently runs transversely from the hypostome. Relevant outgroup taxa such as Trilobita (Whittington & Almond, 1987; Shu et al., 1995), Tegopeltidae (Whittington, 1985: figs 2, 3), and Helmetiida (Hou, 1987: pI. 3, fig. 2) also lack a strong proximal deflection of the antennule. The apomorphic state in Naraoia is also shared by Liwia which, contrary to its reconstruction (Dzik & Lendzion, 1988: fig. 5A), has strongly deflected antennules (Dzik & Lendzion, 1988: fig. 4A,B)." pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 2c,d</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="66B00D89F739AF3CFD641867FA0B3E20" box="[756,776,1321,1360]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[212,268,2074,2110]" captionTargetBox="[245,1171,404,2044]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Misszhouia longicaudata (Zhang & Hou, 1985). a, camera lucida drawing of ELRC 11558 (fig. 2c). b, camera lucida drawing of ELRC 11559 (Fig. 2a). See Appendix for abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4655060" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4655060/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="66B00D89F739AF3CFCB71867FA3C3E20" box="[807,831,1321,1360]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[368,423,2986,3021]" captionTargetBox="[277,2222,471,2918]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Misszhouia longicaudata (Zhang & Hou, 1985). a, camera lucida drawing of head and anterior part of trunk of ELRC II076a, from locality MQA. The specimen was embedded in the sediment tilted to the right side, so that ventral structures are displaced to the left. The biramous limbs are numbered I to 5 from anterior on the exopod shafts. See Appendix for abbreviations; b, ELRC l1076a. Light from NW (see Fig. lOb for trunk)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4655062" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4655062/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">4</figureCitation>
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). The medial frontal organ is elongate and teardrop-shaped, the lateral pair more or less ovate. All three are preserved protruding strongly ventrally with an anteroventral slope making their anterior edge vertical or even slightly protruding in front of the cuticle at its base. The frontal organs are set upon a low relief, boomerang-shaped platform that appears to represent a weakly sclerotised sternite. Some specimens show the frontal organs and ovate lobe to be surrounded and joined by a thin sheet of tissue (arthrodial membrane or ventral cuticle) that extends out to the bases of the antennules (see below). The frontal organs and ovate lobe are thus conjoined as a structural complex that may include two lightly sclerotised sternites. If the attachment site of the antennules is to be regarded as a homologous landmark between naraoiids and trilobites, it is plausible to regard the hypostomal region of
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<taxonomicName id="398B6A8FF739AF3CFE831579F8D0332E" authorityName="Chen & Edgecombe & Ramsköld" authorityYear="1997" box="[275,467,2103,2142]" class="Trilobita" family="Naraoiidae" genus="Misszhouia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nektaspida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="CCFFCD1EF739AF3CFE831579F8D0332E" box="[275,467,2103,2142]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Misszhouia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as including the whole complex-frontal organ sternite, the ovate lobe, and the intervening field of arthrodial membrane-and extending out to the antennular bases. This may, however, be a dubious assumption, given
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<bibRefCitation id="9A1A6CFDF739AF3CFDD415A0FDB03266" author="MUller, K. & D. Walossek" box="[580,1203,2286,2326]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 124" refId="ref11493" refString="MUller, K. l & D. Walossek, 1987. Morphology, ontogeny, and life habit of Agnostus pisiformis from the Upper Cambrian of Sweden. Fossils and Strata 19: 1 - 124." type="journal article" year="1987">Muller & Walossek's (1987: 47)</bibRefCitation>
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observations on the lability of antennular position within Crustacea. The lateral and posterior margins of the hypostomal complex are poorly defined (
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<figureCitation id="66B00D89F739AF3CFC541436FD4732EF" box="[964,1092,2424,2463]" captionStart="Figs 2" captionStartId="12.[1338,1408,408,447]" captionText="Figs 2b and 8c for range of variation), whereas in N. spinosa the antennules were forced to flex anteriorly far distal to their attachment in order to reach an exsagittal direction (Fig. 16b), but the proximal part consistently runs transversely from the hypostome. Relevant outgroup taxa such as Trilobita (Whittington & Almond, 1987; Shu et al., 1995), Tegopeltidae (Whittington, 1985: figs 2, 3), and Helmetiida (Hou, 1987: pI. 3, fig. 2) also lack a strong proximal deflection of the antennule. The apomorphic state in Naraoia is also shared by Liwia which, contrary to its reconstruction (Dzik & Lendzion, 1988: fig. 5A), has strongly deflected antennules (Dzik & Lendzion, 1988: fig. 4A,B)." pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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b-d); it is not certain that the shield-shaped impression seen in some specimens (Fig. 5b) is an accurate outline of the hypostomal complex.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B6914287F739AF3CFE9C177EFDB0370E" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="FE34110CF739AF3CFE9C177EFAD030B7" blockId="2.[216,1213,631,3198]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<bibRefCitation id="9A1A6CFDF739AF3CFE9C177EFB653127" author="Whittington, H. B." box="[268,614,2608,2647]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="409 - 443" refId="ref11922" refString="Whittington, H. B., 1977. The Middle Cambrian trilobite Naraoia, Burgess Shale, British Columbia. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B. Biological Sciences 280: 409 - 443." type="journal article" year="1977">Whittington (1977)</bibRefCitation>
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noted that the hypostome of
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<taxonomicName id="398B6A8FF739AF3CFF491710F86431F5" authorityName="Walcott" authorityYear="1912" box="[217,359,2654,2693]" class="Trilobita" family="Naraoiidae" genus="Naraoia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nektaspida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="CCFFCD1EF739AF3CFF491710F86431F5" box="[217,359,2654,2693]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Naraoia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was lightly sclerotised, and it was not identified with certainty. Fortey & Theron (1995: Table 2, character 6) coded the
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<taxonomicName id="398B6A8FF739AF3CFE6C17F4FB8A3191" authorityName="Walcott" authorityYear="1912" box="[508,649,2746,2785]" class="Trilobita" family="Naraoiidae" genus="Naraoia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nektaspida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="CCFFCD1EF739AF3CFE6C17F4FB8A3191" box="[508,649,2746,2785]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Naraoia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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hypostome as conterminant (attached) but that of
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<taxonomicName id="398B6A8FF739AF3CFDC117A6FA0C307F" authorityName="Chen & Edgecombe & Ramsköld" authorityYear="1997" box="[593,783,2792,2831]" class="Trilobita" family="Naraoiidae" genus="Misszhouia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nektaspida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="CCFFCD1EF739AF3CFDC117A6FA0C307F" box="[593,783,2792,2831]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Misszhouia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is, in their terminology, natant. The hypostome does not have a sutural attachment to cephalic doublure, and no rostral plate is present; hypostomal attachment is by imbedding in soft tissue (see discussion of Ventral Cuticle below).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FE34110CF739AF3CFE9A1683FDB0370E" blockId="2.[216,1213,631,3198]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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The presumed homology of the frontal organs in
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<taxonomicName id="398B6A8FF739AF3CFF4816B5F89A3753" authorityName="Chen & Edgecombe & Ramsköld" authorityYear="1997" box="[216,409,3067,3107]" class="Trilobita" family="Naraoiidae" genus="Misszhouia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nektaspida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="CCFFCD1EF739AF3CFF4816B5F89A3753" box="[216,409,3067,3107]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Misszhouia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is with parts of the median eye complex in other arthropods. The lateral pair of frontal organs may represent the paired ventral frontal organs of Crustacea
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |