165 lines
17 KiB
XML
165 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0e5e47a0-f8f3-4039-b0e1-c159fef0b9f6" ID-PMC="PMC4714384" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-544-1" ID-PubMed="26798289" ID-ZBK="C5978BD0145B40F8ACDEB27371B7B9A4" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-544-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 544" ModsDocTitle="The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation" checkinTime="1451243640953" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Liebherr, James K." docDate="2015" docId="D15B036730820118F01EDFC8C520D221" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 544: 1-407" docOrigin="ZooKeys 544" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074" docTitle="Mecyclothorax montanus Liebherr, 2015, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="615BCB53-3AD7-49D8-BB62-D78FFE0C6EC5" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="40" masterDocId="FF92FFC2FF9FFFC7191EFFB8FF91AF5D" masterDocTitle="The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation" masterLastPageNumber="407" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="36" updateTime="1668162300918" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Liebherr, James K.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>544</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>407</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-544-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">C5978BD0145B40F8ACDEB27371B7B9A4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">C5978BD0145B40F8ACDEB27371B7B9A4</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127853548" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:615BCB53-3AD7-49D8-BB62-D78FFE0C6EC5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D15B036730820118F01EDFC8C520D221" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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(010)
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/615BCB53-3AD7-49D8-BB62-D78FFE0C6EC5" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax montanus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montanus">Mecyclothorax montanus</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="35" pageNumber="36">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 17D, 18D, 20C, 21, 22
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="36" pageNumber="37" start="start">Diagnosis</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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The combination of quadrisetose pronotum, both lateral and basal setae present, subparallel to subovoid elytra, the lateral margins nearly straight along the anterior lateral setal series, and moderate body size, standardized body length, 3.4-3.8 mm, will diagnose this species. The pronotal and elytral margins are slightly paler than their respective discs (Fig. 20C), but not to the degree as in the paler-margined species treated above (Figs 15, 20A). This is also the only
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Haleakalā">Haleakala</normalizedToken>
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species of the group to exhibit both subapical and apical elytral setae; setal formula 2 2 2 2. Nevertheless, beetles of this species lack the parascutellar seta, and exhibit a reduced lateral elytral setal series, with base numbers of six anterior setae and five posterior setae.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Description</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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(n = 5). Head capsule with frontal grooves broad near clypeus, a lateral carina to anterior supraorbital seta; dorsal impression of neck flat to slightly concave; ocular lobe protruded, eyes small, ocular ratio = 1.36-1.38, ocular lobe ratio = 0.66-0.71; labral anterior margin broadly, shallowly emarginate; antennae submoniliform, antennomeres 2-3 sparsely setose; mentum tooth with sides acute, apex rounded. Pronotum quadrisetose, both lateral and basal setae present; MPW/BPW = 1.38-1.49; hind angle obtuse due to rounded margin behind; lateral margin parallel just anterad angle, then divergent; median base depressed relative to disc, a few large punctures and wrinkles present; basal margin broadly, slightly convex between laterobasal depressions; median longitudinal impression narrowly, shallowly incised,
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<pageBreakToken pageId="37" pageNumber="38" start="start">continuous</pageBreakToken>
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to basal margin, adjoined by curved wrinkles emanating onto disc; anterior transverse impression deep, narrow, finely incised, crossed by fine longitudinal wrinkles; anterior callosity elevated, flat, crossed by fine wrinkles; front angles slightly projected, tightly rounded; APW/BPW = 0.94-1.03; lateral marginal depression narrow, edge upturned to beadlike at front, broader, less elevated to base; laterobasal depression surface impunctate with transverse wrinkles, continuous with lateral depression. Proepisternum with ~5 minute punctures along hind marginal groove; prosternal
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<pageBreakToken pageId="38" pageNumber="39" start="start">process</pageBreakToken>
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medially depressed, sides broadly upraised. Elytra subparallel to subovoid, disc moderately convex, sides more so; basal groove evenly recurved to tightly rounded humeral angle; MEW/HuW = 1.80-2.00; parascutellar seta absent; parascutellar striole smooth, sinuous; sutural interval more convex than lateral intervals, sutural juncture upraised; sutural and 2nd striae of subequal depth from base to apex; discal striae 1-7 with small punctures that cause strial irregularities; 7th and 8th interval of similar convexity mesad subapical sinuation; 2 dorsal elytral setae at 0.28
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–0.35×">-0.35x</normalizedToken>
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and 0.59
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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elytral length; setal impressions moderate, spanning 2/3 of interval 3; apical and subapical setae present; lateral elytral setae arranged in anterior series of 6 setae, and posterior series of 5 setae (rarely 4 or 6 setae); elytral marginal depression narrow from humerus to midlength, gradually narrowed to bead at subapical sinuation; subapical sinuation shallow, more abruptly incurved anteriorly. Mesepisternum with ~7 punctures in 2-3 rows; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.80; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct; metathoracic flight wing length to width ratio = 2.2, remnant R and M veins present, wing tip extended 2/3 distance to hind margin of metanotum. Abdomen with irregular lateral wrinkles on ventrites 1-5; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 complete; apical male ventrite with 2 marginal setae, apical female ventrite with 4 equally spaced marginal setae and median trapezoid of 4-5 short setae (the 5th seta, when present, shorter). Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.19; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.28
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci narrow, lateral, median area broad. Microsculpture of vertex very shallow, transverse, sculpticell breadth 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length; pronotal disc with shallow transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length; pronotal median base with shallow isodiametric and transverse mesh; elytral disc with shallow transverse mesh, sculpticells 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–3×">-3x</normalizedToken>
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length; elytral apex with shallow transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length; metasternum with distinct transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse microsculpture. Coloration of vertex glossy rufopiceous; antennomeres 1-3 flavous, 4-11 only slightly darker; pronotal disc rufopiceous; pronotal lateral margins, anterior callosity and median base rufoflavous to flavous at outer margins; proepipleuron flavous, proepisternum rufobrunneous; elytral intervals 2-8 rufopiceous, sutural interval rufoflavous basally, flavous apically; interval 9, marginal depression, and apical margin rufoflavous; elytral epipleuron flavous dorsally, rufoflavous along ventral margin, metepisternum rufobrunneous; abdomen with ventrites 1-5 rufopiceous medially, rufoflavous laterally; apical ventrite 6 flavous in apical half; metafemur flavous; metatibia flavous with brunneous cast.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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Male genitalia (n = 1). Aedeagal median lobe gracile, distance from parameral articulation to tip 4.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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depth at midlength (Fig. 22A), apex broad, extended twice its breadth beyond ostial opening, tip flattened on dorsoapical aspect; median lobe slightly curved to the right before rounded tip in ventral view (Fig. 22B); internal sac covered with evident microspicules, a flagellar plate visible inside dorsal margin in lateral view (Fig. 22A).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar, nearly as broad as vagina, length 0.54 mm, breadth 0.23 mm (Fig. 17D); bursal walls translucent,
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<pageBreakToken pageId="39" pageNumber="40" start="start">distinctly</pageBreakToken>
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wrinkled; gonocoxite 1 with 3-4 apical fringe setae, 4-5 smaller setae on medial surface (Fig. 18D); gonocoxite 2 subtriangular, apex acuminate, lateral surface distinctly curved, 2 small lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medial surface at 0.75
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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gonocoxite length.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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Figure 22. Male aedeagus,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax obscuricornis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscuricornis">Mecyclothorax obscuricornis</taxonomicName>
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group species (for abbreviations see Table 2, p. 23).
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax montanus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montanus">Mecyclothorax montanus</taxonomicName>
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, right and ventral views (ESE Kuiki, 2145 m)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax obscuricolor" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscuricolor">Mecyclothorax obscuricolor</taxonomicName>
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, right and ventral views (Ukulele Camp, 1525-1980 m)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="E–F">E-F</normalizedToken>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax obscuricornis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscuricornis">Mecyclothorax obscuricornis</taxonomicName>
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, right and ventral views (Ukulele Camp 1525 m).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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Male (CUIC) dissected and labeled: HI: Maui Haleakala N.P. / Kuiki, below el. 2134 m /
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="20.703833">N20°42.23'</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-156.13333">W156°08.00'</geoCoordinate>
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, / 16-V-2001 lot 02 sift. / litter under ohia lehua / J.K. Liebherr //
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mecyclothorax</taxonomicName>
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/
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<taxonomicName lsidName="montanus" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="species" species="montanus">montanus</taxonomicName>
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/ ♂ #1 / Det. J.K. Liebherr 2014 // HOLOTYPE /
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mecyclothorax</taxonomicName>
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/
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<taxonomicName lsidName="montanus" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="species" species="montanus">montanus</taxonomicName>
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/ Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="paratypes">
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<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Paratypes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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HI: Maui: Haleakala N.P., Kipahulu Vy., sift litter by day, 2100 m el., 07-v-1991 lot 05, Jessel/Medeiros (CUIC, 2), Mauka Ridge, pyrethrin fog
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Metrosideros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Metrosideros" order="Myrtales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Metrosideros</taxonomicName>
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/moss, 2045 m el., 21-v-1998 lot 01, Polhemus (NMNH, 1), Kuiki, below, sift
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Metrosideros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Metrosideros" order="Myrtales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Metrosideros</taxonomicName>
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litter, 2145 m el., 16-v-2001 lot 02, Liebherr (CUIC, 6), pyrethrin fog
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Metrosideros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Metrosideros" order="Myrtales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Metrosideros</taxonomicName>
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/moss, 2145 m el., 16-v-2001 lot 01, Liebherr (CUIC, 1).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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The adjectival epithet
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<taxonomicName lsidName="montanus" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="species" species="montanus">montanus</taxonomicName>
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means of the mountains, which aptly fits the habits of this species distributed around the head of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kīpahulu">Kīpahulu</normalizedToken>
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Valley.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="distribution and habitat">
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<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax montanus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montanus">Mecyclothorax montanus</taxonomicName>
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is distributed in the upper slopes surrounding the head of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kīpahulu">Kīpahulu</normalizedToken>
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Valley (Fig. 21). Beetles have been found in sifted leaf litter from the forest floor, and also in leaf and moss litter adhering to trunks of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘ōhi‘a">'ōhi'a</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |