254 lines
34 KiB
XML
254 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="D9807646A8BEE0D720667C5183FEE3B2" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3851.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5e639fea-f2a5-4151-9914-307ec6cc8335" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="286921" ID-ZooBank="9840D64B-F08C-44E7-B2DC-4818F8FFDD4F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460882659438" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Twomey, Evan, Delia, Jesse & Castroviejo-Fisher, Santiago" docDate="2014" docId="664887B1FFF4FF91FF7CFD79D731FEA8" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03851p087.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3851 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Nymphargus chancas Duellman & Schulte 1993" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="46" masterDocId="9A71FFC9FFD9FFBFFFEBFFE9D376FFE8" masterDocTitle="A review of Northern Peruvian glassfrogs (Centrolenidae), with the description of four new remarkable species" masterLastPageNumber="87" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="46" updateTime="1698358561061" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="58859DEB23B449F528DB365416E7809A">A review of Northern Peruvian glassfrogs (Centrolenidae), with the description of four new remarkable species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="05A014BF8D00485AFF0E8FB3A0602A02">Delia, Jesse</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B7C7D74E1A97852C35F39132FDB87F89">Castroviejo-Fisher, Santiago</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="884581229F12F5354368683E269D059C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="ED52A1F07BB2F9F0AA026A3A520A4D99">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="1F0125FAF40D36E64C14697326C638DC">3851</mods:number>
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<treatment id="664887B1FFF4FF91FF7CFD79D731FEA8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6136439" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127669024" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6136439" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:664887B1FFF4FF91FF7CFD79D731FEA8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/664887B1FFF4FF91FF7CFD79D731FEA8" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<subSubSection id="A6FB652CFFF4FF92FF7CFD79D275FD23" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="EE5E36A7FFF4FF92FF7CFD79D18EFD42" blockId="45.[151,760,656,715]" box="[151,760,656,682]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<heading id="B51681CBFFF4FF92FF7CFD79D18EFD42" bold="true" box="[151,760,656,682]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="29E14D24FFF4FF92FF7CFD79D18EFD42" ID-CoL="486JF" authority="Duellman & Schulte 1993" authorityName="Duellman & Schulte" authorityYear="1993" box="[151,760,656,682]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chancas">
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<emphasis id="DC95EAB5FFF4FF92FF7CFD79D18EFD42" bold="true" box="[151,760,656,682]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis id="DC95EAB5FFF4FF92FF7CFD79D2E8FD42" bold="true" box="[151,414,656,682]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Nymphargus chancas</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="8A704B56FFF4FF92FE46FD79D186FD42" author="Duellman" box="[429,752,656,682]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Duellman, W. E. & Schulte, R. (1993) New species of centrolenid frogs from northern Peru. The University of Kansas Museum of Natural History Occasional Papers, 155, 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1993">Duellman & Schulte 1993</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EE5E36A7FFF4FF92FF7CFD5BD275FD23" blockId="45.[151,760,656,715]" box="[151,259,690,715]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<figureCitation id="76DA2A22FFF4FF92FF7CFD5BD275FD23" box="[151,259,690,715]" captionStart="FIGURE 27. a, b" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1681,1703]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,375,1658]" captionTargetId="figure@46.[151,1436,375,1659]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 27. a, b) Nymphargus chancas, dorsal and ventral views of CORBIDI 10471, from 5.9 km SE from the type locality of Abra Tangarana, San Martín, 6 ° 19 ' 15.65 " S 76 ° 41 ' 44.16 " W, 973 m; c, d) Teratohyla amelie, dorsal and ventral views of MNCN 45958, from Nuevo Jaen, San Martín 7 ° 39 ' 16.20 " S, 76 ° 39 ' 24.60 " W, 591 m; e) Rulyrana mcdiarmidi, uncollected male from 0.45 km S from the town of Cocachimba, Amazonas, 6 ° 3 ' 44.28 " S, 77 ° 53 ' 36.47 " W, 1811 m; f) Espadarana cf. fernandoi, dorsal view of adult male (CORBIDI 10468) from Quebrada Goca on the Yambrasbamba road, about 1 km N from road entrance, Amazonas, 5 ° 45 ' 50.78 " S, 77 ° 54 ' 46.52 " W, 1711 m." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286951/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Figure 27</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A6FB652CFFF4FF92FF7CFD13D2A2FA42" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="EE5E36A7FFF4FF92FF7CFD13D22FFCA6" blockId="45.[151,1436,762,876]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<taxonomicName id="29E14D24FFF4FF92FF7CFD13D1E4FCF8" ID-CoL="WNR6" authority="Duellman and Schulte 1993" authorityName="Duellman and Schulte" authorityYear="1993" box="[151,658,762,784]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Cochranella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chancas">
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<emphasis id="DC95EAB5FFF4FF92FF7CFD13D219FCF8" box="[151,367,762,784]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Cochranella chancas</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="8A704B56FFF4FF92FE9EFD13D1E4FCF8" author="Duellman" box="[373,658,762,784]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Duellman, W. E. & Schulte, R. (1993) New species of centrolenid frogs from northern Peru. The University of Kansas Museum of Natural History Occasional Papers, 155, 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1993">Duellman and Schulte 1993</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="315A8805FFF4FF92FD70FD13D18FFCF8" box="[667,761,762,784]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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KU 211778, an adult male from “west slope of Abra
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<taxonomicName id="29E14D24FFF4FF92FAF2FD12D6F3FCF8" ID-CoL="4TPFK" box="[1305,1413,763,784]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Rulyrana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="45" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tangarana">Tangarana</taxonomicName>
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,
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<quantity id="29199B42FFF4FF92FA64FD12D391FCC7" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="km" value="7.0">7 km</quantity>
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by road northeast of San Juan de Pacaysapa (
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<geoCoordinate id="8BD55060FFF4FF92FD3FFCF0D045FCC7" box="[724,819,793,815]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" precision="925" value="-6.2">06°12’ S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="8BD55060FFF4FF92FCAAFCF0D0DEFCC7" box="[833,936,793,815]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" precision="925" value="-76.73333">76°44’ W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="29199B42FFF4FF92FC5DFCF0D77FFCC7" box="[950,1033,793,815]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.08" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="1080.0">1080 m</quantity>
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), Provincia Lamas, Departamento San Martín,
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<collectingCountry id="96F67637FFF4FF92FEF3FCD1D23DFCA6" box="[280,331,824,846]" name="Peru" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Peru</collectingCountry>
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”.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EE5E36A7FFF4FF92FF7CFCBFD056FC84" blockId="45.[151,1436,762,876]" box="[151,800,854,876]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis id="DC95EAB5FFF4FF92FF7CFCBFD2F1FC84" box="[151,391,854,876]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<taxonomicName id="29E14D24FFF4FF92FF7CFCBFD26EFC84" ID-CoL="663Y" box="[151,280,854,876]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nymphargus</taxonomicName>
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chancas—
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</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="8A704B56FFF4FF92FE6CFCBFD06AFC84" author="Cisneros-Heredia" box="[391,796,854,876]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Cisneros-Heredia, D. F. & McDiarmid, R. W. (2007) Revision of the characters of Centrolenidae (Amphibia: Anura: Athesphatanura), with comments on its taxonomy and the description of new taxa of glassfrogs. Zootaxa, 1572, 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="2007">Cisneros-Heredia and McDiarmid 2007</bibRefCitation>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EE5E36A7FFF4FF92FF7CFC70D1F1FB62" blockId="45.[151,1437,921,2026]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis id="DC95EAB5FFF4FF92FF7CFC70D2BEFC5A" bold="true" box="[151,456,921,946]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Background information.</emphasis>
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This species was described from a single adult male collected in Abra
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<taxonomicName id="29E14D24FFF4FF92FB04FC73D610FC5A" ID-CoL="4TPFK" box="[1263,1382,922,946]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Rulyrana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="45" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tangarana">Tangarana</taxonomicName>
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, San Martín,
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<collectingCountry id="96F67637FFF4FF92FF1FFC57D25EFC3D" box="[244,296,958,981]" name="Peru" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Peru</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="8A704B56FFF4FF92FED2FC54D118FC3E" author="Duellman" box="[313,622,957,982]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Duellman, W. E. & Schulte, R. (1993) New species of centrolenid frogs from northern Peru. The University of Kansas Museum of Natural History Occasional Papers, 155, 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1993">Duellman & Schulte 1993</bibRefCitation>
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). It was placed in the
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<taxonomicName id="29E14D24FFF4FF92FC9DFC54D0A6FC3E" ID-CoL="WNSH" box="[886,976,957,982]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Cochranella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocellata">
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<emphasis id="DC95EAB5FFF4FF92FC9DFC54D0A6FC3E" box="[886,976,957,982]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">ocellata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group due to the combination of white parietal peritoneum, clear visceral peritoneum, humeral spines in males absent, and vomerine teeth absent. This group was later described as a new genus
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<taxonomicName id="29E14D24FFF4FF92FD9DFBECD7B9FBF6" ID-CoL="663Y" authority="Cisneros-Heredia & McDiarmid 2007" authorityName="Cisneros-Heredia & McDiarmid" authorityYear="2007" box="[630,1231,1029,1054]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="DC95EAB5FFF4FF92FD9DFBECD072FBF6" box="[630,772,1029,1054]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Nymphargus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="8A704B56FFF4FF92FCFFFBECD7B1FBF6" author="Cisneros-Heredia" box="[788,1223,1029,1054]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Cisneros-Heredia, D. F. & McDiarmid, R. W. (2007) Revision of the characters of Centrolenidae (Amphibia: Anura: Athesphatanura), with comments on its taxonomy and the description of new taxa of glassfrogs. Zootaxa, 1572, 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="2007">Cisneros-Heredia & McDiarmid 2007</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="29E14D24FFF4FF92FAE7FBECD61EFBF6" ID-CoL="WNR6" box="[1292,1384,1029,1054]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Cochranella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chancas">
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<emphasis id="DC95EAB5FFF4FF92FAE7FBECD61EFBF6" box="[1292,1384,1029,1054]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">chancas</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was placed in this genus due to the combination of characters mentioned above, as well as its absence of hand webbing—a synapomorphy of
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<taxonomicName id="29E14D24FFF4FF92FE11FBA4D1FEFB8E" ID-CoL="663Y" box="[506,648,1101,1126]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="DC95EAB5FFF4FF92FE11FBA4D1FEFB8E" box="[506,648,1101,1126]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Nymphargus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. This species was later registered from the Cordillera del
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<taxonomicName id="29E14D24FFF4FF92FAC2FBA4D60BFB8E" ID-CoL="S9XX" box="[1321,1405,1101,1126]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="45" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="condor">Condor</taxonomicName>
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in
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<collectingCountry id="96F67637FFF4FF92FF7CFB98D382FB62" box="[151,244,1137,1162]" name="Ecuador" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="8A704B56FFF4FF92FEE8FB98D10DFB62" author="Guayasamin" box="[259,635,1137,1162]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Guayasamin, J. M. & Bonaccorso, E. (2011) Evaluacion Ecologica Rapida de la Biodiversidad de los Tepuyes de la Cuenca Alta del Rio Nangaritza, Cordillera del Condor, Ecuador. Conservacion Internacional. Quito, Ecuador. [the total page number unkown]" type="book" year="2011">Guayasamin & Bonaccorso 2011</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EE5E36A7FFF4FF92FF2CFB7CD2A2FA42" blockId="45.[151,1437,921,2026]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis id="DC95EAB5FFF4FF92FF2CFB7CD249FB46" bold="true" box="[199,319,1173,1198]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">New data.</emphasis>
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Since 2005 we have encountered this species in two localities in northern San Martín (
|
||
<figureCitation id="76DA2A22FFF4FF92FAF0FB7CD606FB46" box="[1307,1392,1173,1198]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1550,1572]" captionTargetBox="[172,1403,193,1497]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[172,1404,193,1498]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 14. Type locality of Chimerella corleone new species (blue dot) in San Jose, San Martín, 6 ° 25 ' 2.59 " S, 76 ° 17 ' 21.33 " W, 610 m. Rulyrana mcdiarmidi (purple dots), (1) 1 km S Conchay, Ecuador, approx. 3 ° 6 ' S, 78 ° 25 ' W, 1100 m; (2) type locality, 6 km S from Zamora, Ecuador, approx .. 4 ° 3 ' S 78 ° 56 ' W, 1150 m; (3) La Oliva, Amazonas, 5 ° 18 ' 3.86 " S, 78 ° 23 ' 44.57 " W, 682 m; (4) southwest Cordillera del Condor, Cajamarca, 5 ° 25 ' 16.5 " S, 78 ° 35 ' 23.2 " W, 1210 m; (5) Quebrada Goca, Amazonas, 5 ° 45 ' 50.78 " S, 77 ° 54 ' 46.52 " W, 1711 m; (6) 11.3 km WNW from Pedro Ruiz, Amazonas, 5 ° 54 ' 50.93 " S, 78 ° 4 ' 35.20 " W, 1077 m; (7) 4.7 km NW from Pedro Ruiz, Amazonas, 5 ° 55 ' 5.80 " S, 78 ° 0 ' 38.62 " W, 1238 m; (8) 0.45 km S from the town of Cocachimba, Amazonas, 6 ° 3 ' 44.28 " S, 77 ° 53 ' 36.47 " W, 1811 m. Teratohyla amelie (red dots), (1) type locality, Comunidad de Oglán, Cantón Arajuno, Ecuador, 1 ° 18 ' 65 " S, 77 ° 42 ' 41 " W, 600 m; (2) Huabico, Amazonas, 4 ° 57 ' 16.59 " S, 78 ° 12 ' 39.92 " W, 349 m; (3) Nuevo Jaen, San Martín, 7 ° 39 ' 16.20 " S, 76 ° 39 ' 24.60 " W, 591 m; (4) 10 km from Quincemil towards Pto. Maldonado, Cusco (13 ° 12 ' 3.6 " S, 70 ° 40 ' 28.9 " W, 572 m). Nymphargus chancas (yellow dots), (1) Yurilamas, San Martín, approx. 6 ° 14 ' S, 76 ° 32 ' " W, unknown elevation; (2) type locality, Abra Tangarana, San Martín, 6 ° 16 ' 52.86 " S, 76 ° 43 ' 57.86 " W, 1047 m; (3) 25 km SW from Tarapoto, San Martín, 6 ° 35 ' 38.10 " S, 76 ° 34 ' 17.24 " W, 1131 m; (4) 14 km SE from the town of Shamboyacu, San Martín, 7 ° 4 ' 8.9 '' S, 76 ° 0 ' 55.2 '' W, 1122 m. Asterisks on map indicate type localities for each species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286937/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8A704B56FFF4FF92FA6EFB7FD3A4FB3A" author="In" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Wiens, J. J., Fetzner, J. W., Parkinson, C. L. & Reeder, T. W. (2005) Hylid frog phylogeny and sampling strategies for speciose clades. Systematic Biology, 54, 778 - 807. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 10635150500234625" type="journal article" year="2005">In 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, two individuals were found by day in a small stream roughly
|
||
<quantity id="29199B42FFF4FF92FC04FB50D748FB3A" box="[1007,1086,1209,1234]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="km" value="25.0">25 km</quantity>
|
||
SW from Tarapoto (approx.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="8BD55060FFF4FF92FF7CFB34D258FB1E" box="[151,302,1245,1270]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" precision="1" value="-6.593917">6°35'38.10"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="8BD55060FFF4FF92FED1FB34D291FB1E" box="[314,487,1245,1270]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" precision="1" value="-76.57146">76°34'17.24"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="29199B42FFF4FF92FE18FB37D13DFB1E" box="[499,587,1246,1270]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1309999999999998" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="1131.0">1131 m</quantity>
|
||
). On
|
||
<date id="9A5F1067FFF4FF92FD63FB34D066FB1E" box="[648,784,1245,1270]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" value="2011-06-06">6 June 2011</date>
|
||
two adult males (CORBIDI 14148 and CORBIDI 10471) were collected from a small stream
|
||
<quantity id="29199B42FFF4FF92FDC0FAE8D10CFAF2" box="[555,634,1281,1306]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="km" value="7.5">7.5 km</quantity>
|
||
SE from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="315A8805FFF4FF92FCFAFAEBD037FAF2" box="[785,833,1282,1306]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="8BD55060FFF4FF92FC45FAE8D733FAF2" box="[942,1093,1281,1306]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" precision="1" value="-6.3202305">6°19'12.83"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="8BD55060FFF4FF92FBB9FAE8D789FAF2" box="[1106,1279,1281,1306]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" precision="1" value="-76.6952">76°41'42.71"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="29199B42FFF4FF92FAE0FAEBD612FAF1" box="[1291,1380,1282,1306]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.003" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="1003.0">1003 m</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="76DA2A22FFF4FF92FA9BFAE8D3C1FAD6" captionStart="FIGURE 27. a, b" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1681,1703]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,375,1658]" captionTargetId="figure@46.[151,1436,375,1659]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 27. a, b) Nymphargus chancas, dorsal and ventral views of CORBIDI 10471, from 5.9 km SE from the type locality of Abra Tangarana, San Martín, 6 ° 19 ' 15.65 " S 76 ° 41 ' 44.16 " W, 973 m; c, d) Teratohyla amelie, dorsal and ventral views of MNCN 45958, from Nuevo Jaen, San Martín 7 ° 39 ' 16.20 " S, 76 ° 39 ' 24.60 " W, 591 m; e) Rulyrana mcdiarmidi, uncollected male from 0.45 km S from the town of Cocachimba, Amazonas, 6 ° 3 ' 44.28 " S, 77 ° 53 ' 36.47 " W, 1811 m; f) Espadarana cf. fernandoi, dorsal view of adult male (CORBIDI 10468) from Quebrada Goca on the Yambrasbamba road, about 1 km N from road entrance, Amazonas, 5 ° 45 ' 50.78 " S, 77 ° 54 ' 46.52 " W, 1711 m." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286951/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
|
||
). In addition, we have seen photographs of specimens from the village of Yurilamas (approximately
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="8BD55060FFF4FF92FAA0FACCD6E1FAD6" box="[1355,1431,1317,1342]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" precision="925" value="-6.233333">6°14'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="8BD55060FFF4FF92FF7CFAA0D277FA89" box="[151,257,1353,1378]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" precision="925" value="-76.53333">76°32' W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, record courtesy M. Fashé) and a site roughly
|
||
<quantity id="29199B42FFF4FF92FCEDFAA3D03BFA8A" box="[774,845,1353,1378]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="km" value="14.0">14 km</quantity>
|
||
SE from the town of Shamboyacu, San Martín,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="96F67637FFF4FF92FA82FAA3D6EAFA89" box="[1385,1436,1354,1377]" name="Peru" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="8BD55060FFF4FF92FF74FA87D27DFA6E" box="[159,267,1390,1414]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" precision="1" value="-7.069139">7°4'8.9''S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="8BD55060FFF4FF92FEF7FA84D2DAFA6E" box="[284,428,1389,1414]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" precision="1" value="-76.015335">76°0'55.2''W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="29199B42FFF4FF92FE57FA87D160FA6D" box="[444,534,1390,1414]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.122" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="1122.0">1122 m</quantity>
|
||
, voucher specimens CORBIDI-HE-2010-8865 and CORBIDI-HE-2010-8866, record courtesy P. Venegas).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A6FB652CFFF4FF92FF2CFA5CD1A6F906" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="EE5E36A7FFF4FF92FF2CFA5CD1A6F906" blockId="45.[151,1437,921,2026]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="DC95EAB5FFF4FF92FF2CFA5CD24DFA26" bold="true" box="[199,315,1461,1486]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
We noted variation in the prominence of yellow dorsal flecks, and rapid color-pattern changes. While all individuals we have seen possess distinct yellow flecks on the dorsum, the lone individual from Yurilamas has large, bright yellow flecks on the dorsum, appearing almost spotted. However, individuals seem to be capable of undergoing relatively rapid and dramatic color-pattern changes. For example, one of the individuals collected from Abra
|
||
<taxonomicName id="29E14D24FFF4FF92FE6DF9AFD28CF9B6" box="[390,506,1606,1630]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Rulyrana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="45" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tangarana">Tangarana</taxonomicName>
|
||
had prominent occellations when we first found it in the field, but these quickly faded after capture and the frog took on the grayish-green dorsal coloration typical of this species. Iris color was described as pale yellowish-bronze in the original description (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8A704B56FFF4FF92FC82F964D7EDF94E" author="Duellman" box="[873,1179,1677,1702]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Duellman, W. E. & Schulte, R. (1993) New species of centrolenid frogs from northern Peru. The University of Kansas Museum of Natural History Occasional Papers, 155, 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1993">Duellman & Schulte 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the specimens we have collected, iris color would be better described as silvery-white with a faint yellow suffusion throughout, and a horizontal black bar through the middle of the eye.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A6FB652CFFF4FF91FF2CF910D731FEA8" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="EE5E36A7FFF4FF92FF2CF910D793F896" blockId="45.[151,1437,921,2026]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="DC95EAB5FFF4FF92FF2CF910D281F8FA" bold="true" box="[199,503,1785,1810]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="29E14D24FFF4FF92FDEBF910D185F8FA" box="[512,755,1785,1810]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chancas">
|
||
<emphasis id="DC95EAB5FFF4FF92FDEBF910D185F8FA" box="[512,755,1785,1810]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Nymphargus chancas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distributed throughout northern San Martín at elevations over
|
||
<quantity id="29199B42FFF4FF92FF3DF8F7D242F8DD" box="[214,308,1822,1846]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
|
||
. Its distribution extends into southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="96F67637FFF4FF92FCEDF8F4D013F8DE" box="[774,869,1821,1846]" name="Ecuador" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, where it was collected between
|
||
<quantity id="29199B42FFF4FF92FB10F8F4D6EAF8DD" box="[1275,1436,1821,1846]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3430000000000002" metricValueMax="1.4300000000000002" metricValueMin="1.2559999999999998" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="1343.0" valueMax="1430.0" valueMin="1256.0">1256–1430 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8A704B56FFF4FF92FF75F8A8D16CF8B2" author="Guayasamin" box="[158,538,1857,1882]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Guayasamin, J. M. & Bonaccorso, E. (2011) Evaluacion Ecologica Rapida de la Biodiversidad de los Tepuyes de la Cuenca Alta del Rio Nangaritza, Cordillera del Condor, Ecuador. Conservacion Internacional. Quito, Ecuador. [the total page number unkown]" type="book" year="2011">Guayasamin & Bonaccorso 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This species seems to be associated with small creeks with thick forest cover. Reproductive behaviors such as oviposition and calling have not yet been observed in this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EE5E36A7FFF4FF91FF2CF860D731FEA8" blockId="45.[151,1437,921,2026]" lastBlockId="46.[151,1437,151,320]" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="DC95EAB5FFF4FF92FF2CF860D2CAF84A" bold="true" box="[199,444,1929,1954]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Taxonomic remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Our phylogenetic results revealed that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="29E14D24FFF4FF92FC9BF860D717F84A" box="[880,1121,1929,1954]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chancas">
|
||
<emphasis id="DC95EAB5FFF4FF92FC9BF860D717F84A" box="[880,1121,1929,1954]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Nymphargus chancas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is paraphyletic. Of the three specimens included in the phylogenetic analyses, two of them cluster together as sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="29E14D24FFF4FF92FB65F847D668F82D" box="[1166,1310,1966,1989]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="puyoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="DC95EAB5FFF4FF92FB65F847D668F82D" box="[1166,1310,1966,1989]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">N. puyoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="96F67637FFF4FF92FACDF844D61AF82E" box="[1318,1388,1965,1990]" name="Indonesia" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Flores</collectingCountry>
|
||
and McDiarmid (1989) while the third one (QCAZ 41590) is sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="29E14D24FFF4FF92FC65F83BD769F801" box="[910,1055,2002,2025]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="puyoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="DC95EAB5FFF4FF92FC65F83BD769F801" box="[910,1055,2002,2025]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">N. puyoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="76DA2A22FFF4FF92FBDAF838D7F2F802" box="[1073,1156,2001,2026]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2 a" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2 b" captionStartId-0="7.[151,250,1894,1916]" captionStartId-1="8.[151,250,1522,1544]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,193,1850]" captionTargetBox-1="[156,1436,235,1463]" captionTargetId-0="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1857]" captionTargetId-1="figure@8.[156,1441,235,1469]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionText-0="FIGURE 2 a. Phylogeny of Centrolenidae, Allophrynidae, and outgroups. Strict consensus tree of 52 most parsimonious trees (cost = 16898 steps). Values above and below branches indicate jackknife and Goodman-Bremer support, respectively. a) outgroups, Allophrynidae, Celsiella, and Hyalinobatrachium; b) Nymphargus and Centrolene; c) Vitreorana, Teratohyla, Chimerella, Espadarana, Cochranella, Sachatamia, and Rulyrana." captionText-1="FIGURE 2 b. Phylogeny of Centrolenidae, Allophrynidae, and outgroups. Strict consensus tree of 52 most parsimonious trees (cost = 16898 steps). Values above and below branches indicate jackknife and Goodman-Bremer support, respectively. a) outgroups, Allophrynidae, Celsiella, and Hyalinobatrachium; b) Nymphargus and Centrolene; c) Vitreorana, Teratohyla, Chimerella, Espadarana, Cochranella, Sachatamia, and Rulyrana." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/286923/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/286924/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 2b</figureCitation>
|
||
). Nonetheless, this third specimen is from Zamora-Chinchipe province in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="96F67637FFF7FF91FD2AFF7ED068FF58" box="[705,798,151,176]" name="Ecuador" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
and may represent a misidentification or an undescribed species. However, this specimen shows no differences with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="315A8805FFF7FF91FC99FF55D0A2FF3D" box="[882,980,188,213]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="29E14D24FFF7FF91FC15FF54D70BFF3D" box="[1022,1149,188,213]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chancas">
|
||
<emphasis id="DC95EAB5FFF7FF91FC15FF54D70BFF3D" box="[1022,1149,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">N. chancas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(J.M. Guayasamin, pers. comm.).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="29E14D24FFF7FF91FF17FF36D29BFF10" box="[252,493,223,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chancas">
|
||
<emphasis id="DC95EAB5FFF7FF91FF17FF36D29BFF10" box="[252,493,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Nymphargus chancas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="29E14D24FFF7FF91FDCEFF08D1C2FF10" box="[549,692,225,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="puyoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="DC95EAB5FFF7FF91FDCEFF08D1C2FF10" box="[549,692,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">N. puyoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are easily diagnosed on the basis of vomerine teeth (present in
|
||
<emphasis id="DC95EAB5FFF7FF91FA69FF08D27AFEF4" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="29E14D24FFF7FF91FA69FF08D27EFEF4" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="puyoensis">N. puyoensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="29E14D24FFF7FF91FE67FEECD178FEF5" box="[396,526,260,285]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chancas">
|
||
<emphasis id="DC95EAB5FFF7FF91FE67FEECD178FEF5" box="[396,526,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">N. chancas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and dorsal coloration (dull yellowish-green with minute yellow flecks in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="29E14D24FFF7FF91FA69FEECD385FEA8" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Nymphargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chancas">
|
||
<emphasis id="DC95EAB5FFF7FF91FA69FEECD385FEA8" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">N. chancas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
vs. dark green with low, flat warts corresponding to yellowish-green spots).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |