treatments-xml/data/26/92/DF/2692DFFF0A61583DA4339DEBAE6376F0.xml

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<mods:title id="2D85A387C257BF646A0572E3685AB571">Taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Ganoderma (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) in Costa Rica</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DBCC9B2016048C9DD22D5714D3018DFE">Mardones, Melissa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="51C6863A2712172925C1E5AC3B52EB57">Escuela de Biologia, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, 11501 - 2060, San Jose, Costa Rica</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="15F668278D9C8C07116D147A86D05120" type="email">melissa.mardones@ucr.ac.cr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="918681BA94708AF2BDA9233B9958DA7E">Carranza-Velazquez, Julieta</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="AF66FA06D0184A9A4403949AB1322F72">Escuela de Biologia, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, 11501 - 2060, San Jose, Costa Rica</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7EDD9F8C7862E1F8F65C2880E7770B63">Mata-Hidalgo, Milagro</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="7B52C9F0E5F60DC993DEF3C2A9C0A22D">Escuela de Biologia, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, 11501 - 2060, San Jose, Costa Rica</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="ACD7D6F2E23517FD033F1600260E1063">Amador-Fernandez, Xaviera</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F6337E0F730DB6973AC7A4ED0BD03C00">Escuela de Biologia, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, 11501 - 2060, San Jose, Costa Rica</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7B7DC1BD9F06AF3C722278AF2E5DF010">Urbina, Hector</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C764E036D5ACEE0EBE42DB0C929E45F0">Herbario Luis Fournier Origgi (USJ), Centro de Investigacion en Biodiversidad y Ecologia Tropical (CIBET), Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, 11501 - 2060, San Jose, Costa Rica</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="B4BCC0428F96E945F508786B7E746E29" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="5621C1EAE570E0899C8BE65A2F591264" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
3. 
<taxonomicName id="FEB7C9BA949624F33C4830959494F09C" LSID="2692DFFF-0A61-583D-A433-9DEBAE6376F0" authority="(Pers.) Pat., Hymenomyc. Eur. (Paris): 143 (1887)" authorityName="Pat., Hymenomyc. Eur. (Paris): 143" authorityYear="1887" baseAuthorityName="Pers." baseAuthorityYear="1887" class="Basidiomycetes" family="Polyporaceae" genus="Ganoderma" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ganoderma applanatum" order="Polyporales" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="applanatum">
Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) Pat., 
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. Eur. (Paris): 143 (1887)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3CC14E9FC264F01E955F4C119A1DEC97" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<figureCitation id="19CBB17E0C52FA55447DC38A4E59F33F" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. In-situ photos of basidiocarps of Ganoderma spp. in Costa Rica A G. amazonense (GA- 30) B G. applanatum (GA- 54) C G. australe (GA- 58) D G. cf. chocoense (GA- 03) E, F G. curtisii (JCV 128 - 10) G G. ecuadorense (MMG- 181) H G. oerstedii (Saenz 2049) I G. parvulum (GA- 09). Scale bars: 20 cm (A, H); 3 cm (B, C); 1 cm (D, E, I)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.100.106810.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/935559" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D207F554D30E5C4259F27F8BA964E54A" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="C3DB1B12141CEBA4BD05FF95A684A86B" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Polyporaceae" genus="Boletus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Boletus applanatus" order="Polyporales" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="applanatus">≡ Boletus applanatus</taxonomicName>
Pers., Obs. Mycol. 2:2. 1799.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="822613E1ED2FA72FA413CED60A6A1379" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" type="description">
<paragraph id="0EA42A92451AED6C8772F4F1C6FD5112" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6CEB1E05D88F6EED34021D2695D7F23B" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="2AB1C9CC5BD87D969DACD30973C1BCC7" genus="Basidiocarps" lsidName="Basidiocarps" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8375AB54A9029862D21FD75E6DEECBD9" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Basidiocarps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
perennial, sessile or with a contracted lateral base, dimidiate, woody, solitary, applanate to ungulate, irregular to tuberculate, 2-13 
<normalizedToken id="A05F8E4822A54B64FB437D4769998FA5" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2-22 
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0.5-10 cm; 
<emphasis id="64BC5B8E1B2E9D6772A5551BEDD4A352" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">pileus</emphasis>
surface rugulose, glabrous, dull, greyish-brown to black, margin obtuse, zonate, whitish; 
<emphasis id="3E48BA22CF573E3743B5F3E9B0C7CFDB" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">context</emphasis>
firm, reddish-brown, 10-50 mm thick, becoming dark with KOH; 
<emphasis id="24C22B97126C9C5B0BBF2A7A47D2AC1A" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">pore surface</emphasis>
light brown to yellowish-brown, pores circular, 4-6 per mm; 
<emphasis id="DECDD8C8C4F6C0E56C40490CAFFE43A4" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">tube layers</emphasis>
concolorous with context or yellowish-brown, up to 40 mm thick. 
<emphasis id="D1BF265B6140DC41E4F5BF7D98493989" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Hyphal system</emphasis>
dimitic or trimitic; contextual generative hyphae thin-walled, with clamps, hyaline, 2-4 
<normalizedToken id="72E6319D270A0C54644A7B3B58CB2482" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
diam.; skeletal hyphae thick-walled, yellowish-brown, aseptate, 2-4 
<normalizedToken id="A00B21884B714E6356851F932B39B61F" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
diam., branched; binding hyphae thick-walled, branched, hyaline, 1-2 
<normalizedToken id="ABA294C42276B8AD3A6264DA61B95371" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
diam. 
<emphasis id="DD1D8572FE43C1A67DC226B627A697FE" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Cuticular cells</emphasis>
from the pileus: absent. 
<emphasis id="5520110E33426059FBDCAE0389E22720" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Basidia</emphasis>
not observed. 
<emphasis id="E53E8D254D0057CBFB41D15CC47437C8" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Basidiospores</emphasis>
ovoid, truncate; with two walls, yellow, negative in 
<normalizedToken id="16A5FF737759050E42DDCADC123127D7" originalValue="Melzer’s">Melzer's</normalizedToken>
Reagent, 7-10 
<normalizedToken id="739CFDE8E32A8A4A595790B01C421AA0" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5-6 
<normalizedToken id="9D89DAB8210FD94DEB50323295DD406E" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
. 
<emphasis id="63B49C74859D037F85627DAF94270F79" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Chlamydospores</emphasis>
not observed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DF1541FB30209BCFFE28080C54B3625C" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" type="description">
<paragraph id="6A0594C99BB2D6DE2A289EF7DD42D533" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Descriptions and illustrations.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6EE003310891488180259CD5332D884D" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<bibRefCitation id="2B53F6E6B0F6CD55E95411AFB1771305" author="Gilbertson, RL" journalOrPublisher="Fungiflora, Oslo, Norway" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" refId="B20" refString="Gilbertson, RL, Ryvarden, L, 1986. North American polypores. Vol. I. Fungiflora, Oslo, Norway" title="North American polypores. Vol. I." year="1986">Gilbertson and Ryvarden (1986)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="90143FF019CF422C011B0BD92C685A09" author="Ruiz-Boyer, A" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" refId="B52" refString="Ruiz-Boyer, A, 1998. La familia Ganodermataceae (Aphyllophorales) en Costa Rica. Brenesia 49-50: 21-37." title="La familia Ganodermataceae (Aphyllophorales) en Costa Rica. Brenesia 49 - 50: 21 - 37." year="1998">Ruiz-Boyer (1998)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C8BB70DEDF7D2F35650EFE1083A751E6" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" type="substrata">
<paragraph id="16D0950DE9F65F7AD7C016649831E363" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Substrata.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C74CFD57AFE48304FEAA7CE703E35BAF" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Dead-standing hardwood trees or logs.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FDEF5EACDE73AB367BC6A44642725791" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="4E31A561F1D30A54E3A631B255EE061A" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Altitudinal distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9DACAF4208BCE030992484CC533BF491" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Lowlands to highlands.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="983D95AF8361E76FE7F59374AD1B5292" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="124C504DCCA8E7F6CFAFA0AD86ACC29D" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Geographic distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="11ED401202A04C59D11A50FDD085588E" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Pantropical, common in tropical America.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DBC6A1C21170B966B7E4C1ED75C35CB4" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="4CFAFE193A51B029CAF495A368B7C789" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FF766D2EEE4B3405060A56ADF1112F3A" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
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<collectingCountry id="244BD30F596490664B8993B6E5B64F82" name="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
. 
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: 
<collectingMunicipality id="B6C006F12950092094FECAF0713F67C6">Los Chiles</collectingMunicipality>
, 
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Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre 
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Negro
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, 
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, 
<geoCoordinate id="A699FD60F1725D46F2063B42BA4A42A1" degrees="84" direction="west" minutes="47" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="45.49" value="-84.79597">84°47'45.49&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 
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<elevation id="AC2954D9D9227C36DF79ED8E7B8F63CE" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elev., 
<collectingDate id="FB38BA37E914EF0B766B7B56D9B3F2B6" value="1991-09-07">07 Sep 1991</collectingDate>
, A. 
<collectorName id="3879648C4B6DE74610DCA24E0C5C4352">Ruiz-Boyer</collectorName>
13-91 (
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)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="E4BDD0A635B2FF111176FECB229BDB4D" accessionNumber="USJ21274" collectingDate="1980-10-10" collectorName="Saenz, Carranza" country="Costa Rica" elevation="534" latitude="10.4537945" location="Tilaran" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-84.97045" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Guanacaste">
<collectingRegion id="4FE9B5C124794B69D1FF444EE68A473B" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
: 
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<location id="475C3B488107A3A63C2CF861F69D781E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2692DFFF0A61583DA4339DEBAE6376F0:475C3B488107A3A63C2CF861F69D781E" country="Costa Rica" latitude="10.4537945" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-84.97045" name="Tilaran" stateProvince="Guanacaste">Tilaran</location>
</normalizedToken>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="0F0E0A57CD9CC395B0BC026A8579947B" degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="27" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="13.66" value="10.4537945">10°27'13.66&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="7FBE5E133BBC5E8F30B2D2B5ACB41710" degrees="84" direction="west" minutes="58" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="13.61" value="-84.97045">84°58'13.61&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="334370A1C05C8549058C9FA953C1C6AA" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.34" unit="m" value="534.0">
<elevation id="F0FBAB7B49E900A4DC716817C050EFAC" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.34" unit="m" value="534.0">534 m</elevation>
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elev., 
<collectingDate id="85319CEA0B9206F090ACD44CF10582EA" value="1980-10-10">10 Oct 1980</collectingDate>
, J. A. 
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<collectorName id="AC870AD7BD89681F098CE29B65988589">Saenz</collectorName>
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&amp; J. 
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314-80 (
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. 
<materialsCitation id="92532686042E1B20E50D9EB30A75A372" accessionNumber="USJ22291" collectingDate="1986-03-05" collectorName="Carranza" country="Costa Rica" elevation="1496" latitude="10.062328" location="Bosque de La Hoja" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-84.09531" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Heredia">
<collectingRegion id="4A7F578C9DFAAAC37A99472762932210" country="Costa Rica" name="Heredia">Heredia</collectingRegion>
: 
<location id="614B80564356335596C74E5F1EE160B6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2692DFFF0A61583DA4339DEBAE6376F0:614B80564356335596C74E5F1EE160B6" country="Costa Rica" latitude="10.062328" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-84.09531" name="Bosque de La Hoja" stateProvince="Heredia">Bosque de La Hoja</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D1F058FD10903AE10542A66E27202182" degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="3" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="44.38" value="10.062328">10°3'44.38&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="716439D26DD9564BE21F65125DC4FEC2" degrees="84" direction="west" minutes="5" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="43.09" value="-84.09531">84°5'43.09&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="356C91286FEF159DAB1123182FF6645A" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.496" unit="m" value="1496.0">
<elevation id="82D68835F36C1ED031A76B2B05BF3566" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.496" unit="m" value="1496.0">1496 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elev., 
<collectingDate id="F62D42B91F363FF00964EE92B4DFB5A0" value="1986-03-05">05 Mar 1986</collectingDate>
, J. 
<collectorName id="87831C7D6F5A24C8C1FF8705058291B0">Carranza</collectorName>
JCV 67-86 (
<accessionNumber id="2A21CBA95B89E2CBF306AEBB7A5E7B77" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/USJ22291">USJ22291</accessionNumber>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="DD013D64621A5C881CD49364613F0F65" accessionNumber="USJ21297" collectingDate="1979-10-28" collectingDateMax="2022-09-18" collectingDateMin="1979-10-28" collectorName="Mardones, El Empalme, Ojo, Carranza" country="Costa Rica" elevation="2150" latitude="9.550453" location="San Gerardo" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-83.80269" municipality="Dota" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="San Jose">
<collectingRegion id="0728501D58F99EE8228ED9824B9F6AE5" country="Costa Rica" name="San Jose">
San 
<normalizedToken id="1750770B20DC39A45A77B9A270E544BD" originalValue="José">Jose</normalizedToken>
</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingMunicipality id="1FE4C2C197925C8FF73DD4B4BB340D02">Dota</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="84B430DBF46BD7E99E1A43150412FB4E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2692DFFF0A61583DA4339DEBAE6376F0:84B430DBF46BD7E99E1A43150412FB4E" country="Costa Rica" latitude="9.550453" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-83.80269" municipality="Dota" name="San Gerardo" stateProvince="San Jose">San Gerardo</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="80AB6DF6CBEFBAE780BC282EED90E4AE" degrees="9" direction="north" minutes="33" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="1.63" value="9.550453">9°33'1.63&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="0DADB49887AD78A82ED4F7B7129D6FD7" degrees="83" direction="west" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="9.66" value="-83.80269">83°48'9.66&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="58B1E0ACD35D747DD201E0A1516E1E53" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="m" value="2150.0" valueMax="2300.0" valueMin="2000.0">
<elevation id="8630CD2D2E83F2DDE53A2E670DC897CE" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="m" value="2150.0" valueMax="2300.0" valueMin="2000.0">2000-2300 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elev., 
<collectingDate id="4B955591B2032D4ED36E3B086004DF5C" value="2022-09-18">18 Sep 2022</collectingDate>
, M. 
<collectorName id="18697C09A1C6A00C41118A406BFB9737">Mardones</collectorName>
GA-64 (USJ109782, sequences ITSOQ845455, LSUOQ835179); 
<collectorName id="604FF050FC73924AC8363F6587C54C4A">El Empalme</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="DE1729A491634563E1400B6B8A0DBC0B">Ojo</collectorName>
de agua, 
<quantity id="2FDBF4E54265A61A494B076982955DE0" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" unit="m" value="2250.0">
<elevation id="DDEF7B807AAD9A46B89E4DF511807881" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" unit="m" value="2250.0">2250 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elev., 
<collectingDate id="0FB9A9611BEA53AA0CDAAF0917C45277" value="1979-10-28">28 Oct 1979</collectingDate>
, J. 
<collectorName id="3D754CAA5C47AC9F95D19B9627A6BA82">Carranza</collectorName>
JCV 131-79 (
<accessionNumber id="10A3B21C4AAA10D24348A4CC998A7F47" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/USJ21297">USJ21297</accessionNumber>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BF15EF2DC4046D2C3E4EAFAC01C99E95" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="0E04E7D7A0E6F28DF3E29772DD161B47" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0EB07A75A6618A0D01989FC41DC59D3E" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
As mentioned above, the species 
<taxonomicName id="833114603AF2111FA39E76F31AE6F73E" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="G. applanatum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="applanatum">
<emphasis id="3BC1CB21407ACB50AF33C6B3AAA78F2F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">G. applanatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is morphologically similar to 
<taxonomicName id="31D6B86A6888C57944100DF980F616C8" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="G. australe" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="australe">
<emphasis id="72F29C42B3FD1130952C12FCB89937DF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">G. australe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the shorter basidiospores and the absence of resinous deposits or melanoid substances in the context of 
<taxonomicName id="72DBC39065BFC8DEDD74627AB94716E6" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="G. applanatum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="applanatum">
<emphasis id="63738B5981DB8256769125379778AAC5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">G. applanatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can distinguish them. According to 
<bibRefCitation id="F43747D6C63C51E95545F18495D62309" author="Ryvarden, L" journalOrPublisher="Synopsis Fungorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" pagination="69 - 102" refId="B54" refString="Ryvarden, L, 2004. Neotropical polypores, part 1. Synopsis Fungorum 19: 69 - 102" title="Neotropical polypores, part 1." volume="19" year="2004">Ryvarden (2004)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<taxonomicName id="C33B6EF0F54963BDD08346E7BD9DDD45" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="G. applanatum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="applanatum">
<emphasis id="50C9E38547BC0ABFF1BD7DED9EE1177A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">G. applanatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a species restricted to temperate zones and, according to 
<bibRefCitation id="87D19470F517447AD316D52709E48F4B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.75.59872" author="Fryssouli, V" journalOrPublisher="MycoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" pagination="71 - 143" refId="B18" refString="Fryssouli, V, Zervakis, GI, Polemis, E, Typas, MA, 2020. A global meta-analysis of ITS rDNA sequences from material belonging to the genus Ganoderma (Basidiomycota, Polyporales) including new data from selected taxa. MycoKeys 75: 71 - 143, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.75.59872" title="A global meta-analysis of ITS rDNA sequences from material belonging to the genus Ganoderma (Basidiomycota, Polyporales) including new data from selected taxa." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.75.59872" volume="75" year="2020">Fryssouli et al. (2020)</bibRefCitation>
, it has a Holarctic distribution. However, our results show the presence of this species or a species closely related to 
<taxonomicName id="4A5FA78BB25F41E5D969C0A3BDA24F03" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="G. applanatum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="applanatum">
<emphasis id="12687C0F9A76506359EF3366DC6A0B86" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">G. applanatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in Costa Rica. The sequence from the GA-64 specimen clusters, as an independent lineage, with several sequences identified as 
<taxonomicName id="EB3D8A636418531E72524F6BD0685C72" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="G. applanatum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="applanatum">
<emphasis id="BAFE00002EBDCC1CB4D1C0B357C403C7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">G. applanatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Europe and Asia in a strongly-supported terminal clade (1/78) within clade III. This result would be the first record of this species in the Tropics confirmed by molecular data. Therefore, considering the morphological examination and the phylogenetic position of the sequence, we have decided to identify this specimen as 
<taxonomicName id="6CB7AC7953AF0CAB6BF72AD3264D12E4" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="G. applanatum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="applanatum">
<emphasis id="6EA2624648FA908E94E940A961770311" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">G. applanatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Increasing the number of collections and molecular data is essential to determine if the species observed in Costa Rica is 
<taxonomicName id="59E40A706D1EEE736ABAF491CB65462F" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="G. applanatum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="applanatum">
<emphasis id="B61CDD0479BC6AE470D0BEB60610943C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">G. applanatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or a closely-related species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="708191456ABE7227824ACEC4827F91E4" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
While examining the 
<taxonomicName id="CD35C9D2DE46AE0D1F42B015AF7C0934" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="G. applanatum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="applanatum">
<emphasis id="7B1B88EDFCD93F1DE7E2BF199F7AF635" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">G. applanatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens from Costa Rica, we found four specimens with smooth basidiospores, which agree with the description of 
<taxonomicName id="EA7015258691C8A8DB326CC596EAFB1E" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="G. applanatum subsp. var. var. laevisporum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="variety" species="applanatum" subSpecies="var." variety="laevisporum">G. applanatum var. laevisporum</taxonomicName>
C.J. Humphrey &amp; Leus-Palo. For details on these specimens, see the Excluded Species section below.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>