233 lines
26 KiB
XML
233 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="332B084D40E641995194B1980B8AFE44" ID-CLB-Dataset="8463" ID-DOI="10.24349/acarologia/20194311" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e58ef0e5-d29e-44f5-ac03-b275ea1010f8" ID-ISSN="2107-7207" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4487683" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1612205961236" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Desurmont, Gaylord A., Kerdellant, Elven, Pfingstl, Tobias, Auger, Phillipe, Tixier, Marie-Stéphane & Kreiter, Serge" docDate="2019" docId="0C3387E6CD7C83439DF3FAA48D8AFB34" docLanguage="en" docName="Acarologia.59.1.57-72.pdf" docOrigin="Acarologia 59 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0387F17C4AF9F8D6336E46CC5E5664D0.6:Acarologia.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="0387F17C4AF9F8D6336E46CC5E5664D0" docStyleName="Acarologia.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Trichoribates trimaculatus (Koch)" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="60" masterDocId="F00AFF9ECD7883469C18FFAF8879FFD3" masterDocTitle="Mites associated with egg masses of the viburnum leaf beetle Pyrrhalta viburni (Paykull) on Viburnum tinus L." masterLastPageNumber="72" masterPageNumber="57" pageNumber="60" updateTime="1698925945536" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="F8B4890606F2ED1E2E5F6BC9F3DBBD0C">Mites associated with egg masses of the viburnum leaf beetle Pyrrhalta viburni (Paykull) on Viburnum tinus L.</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="C8EED9475192B8575777F6F8C98625F5" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="34BD74EB68BFE2A058E10F3EFE53822F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="EB6473E8AC974A44E35D8FCB5FF4A4AE">Desurmont, Gaylord A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A5C6D3A6975B3EA06C2A43B9E33CDFB6">EBCL USDA ARS, Campus international de Baillarguet, Montferrier sur lez, 34980, France.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="6CED6D3373343A139F6450521034F6CD">Kerdellant, Elven</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2F25AD3AA7D0CC13430F27522E4DE120">EBCL USDA ARS, Campus international de Baillarguet, Montferrier sur lez, 34980, France.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="D227E130CDC2382CEED97048E46BADD9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="9FF7948F702F3FE5006C2F3D5B1C6133">Pfingstl, Tobias</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3759B9E168BF975BE84BCC2618E25F99">Institute of Zoology, Department for Biodiversity and Evolution, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2,</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="2E373CAF34FC9561CCA6821D8A99D6CE">Auger, Phillipe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="241CC060E451B9B8B962F7D8ACE9F9E2">CBGP, INRA, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="7730DEE0FB05A48D0D975250699B08CE" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="43FA89E578F908E93A5C9DFED900284F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="A9982688234E8C5BF674C94AFF3F2DEF">Tixier, Marie-Stéphane</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FCBE86FC8B8E9112E95F864BCF94BEC6">CBGP, Montpellier SupAgro, CIRAD, INRA, IRD, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="98F2008F5D3E75DE27A9B071BBE9BB3D" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="9D6B1A5FF4259A58F13441B7CBBD0CB8">Kreiter, Serge</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D56E40FCFFA57524D6C1D159A85E9AD5">CBGP, Montpellier SupAgro, CIRAD, INRA, IRD, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="791E23F6A72EA03BD8C83B083C4FB948">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="8F6C9E361C2A7A00583169892DDA3A29">Acarologia</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="AE41195A50D6A3AE5B0AF63B5AB5FC13">
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<mods:date id="3A841B9D998E2B72214C66A0E88484A8">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="65601768BBC4EBBEFE87A1E628BC861E">2019-01-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="ABE9958E1DE28B1A1801472E18239F9B">59</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="1B66921D7B2B4E156A6CC1111953EB54">57</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="234C17262B286B6CB9F413FF56B7A62F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="97DA1D287CC0CAAECF6D3CDC6EEC2EE3" type="CLB-Dataset">8463</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1823BBB13D93491417B1839A1BD87013" type="DOI">10.24349/acarologia/20194311</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="29FB343A7A6A7605C45383AD03464A56" type="GBIF-Dataset">e58ef0e5-d29e-44f5-ac03-b275ea1010f8</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0C3387E6CD7C83439DF3FAA48D8AFB34" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4501994" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177210196" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4501994" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0C3387E6CD7C83439DF3FAA48D8AFB34" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0C3387E6CD7C83439DF3FAA48D8AFB34" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">
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<subSubSection id="CC80657BCD7C83429DF3FAA48DDEFAF4" box="[491,1447,1291,1319]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="842536F0CD7C83429DF3FAA48DDEFAF4" blockId="4.[491,1447,1291,1319]" box="[491,1447,1291,1319]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">
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<heading id="DF6D819CCD7C83429DF3FAA48DDEFAF4" bold="true" box="[491,1447,1291,1319]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" reason="6">
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<emphasis id="B6EEEAE2CD7C83429DF3FAA48DDEFAF4" bold="true" box="[491,1447,1291,1319]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">
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Impact of
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<taxonomicName id="439A4D73CD7C83429E60FAA48B31FAF4" authorityName="(Koch)" box="[632,840,1291,1319]" class="Arachnida" family="Ceratozetidae" genus="Trichoribates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trimaculatus">
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<emphasis id="B6EEEAE2CD7C83429E60FAA48B31FAF4" bold="true" box="[632,840,1291,1319]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">T. trimaculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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on overwintering success of
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<taxonomicName id="439A4D73CD7C834298C4FAA48D25FAF4" baseAuthorityName="Paykull" baseAuthorityYear="1799" box="[1244,1372,1291,1319]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pyrrhalta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viburni">
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<emphasis id="B6EEEAE2CD7C834298C4FAA48D25FAF4" bold="true" box="[1244,1372,1291,1319]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">P. viburni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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eggs
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CC80657BCD7C83439DF3FAEE8D8AFB34" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" type="description">
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<paragraph id="842536F0CD7C83439DF3FAEE8D8AFB34" blockId="4.[491,1568,1345,2025]" lastBlockId="5.[491,1585,229,1256]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">
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<taxonomicName id="439A4D73CD7C83429DF3FAEE8B7EFA8A" box="[491,775,1345,1369]" class="Arachnida" family="Ceratozetidae" genus="Trichoribates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trimaculatus">
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<emphasis id="B6EEEAE2CD7C83429DF3FAEE8B7EFA8A" box="[491,775,1345,1369]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Trichoribates trimaculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was the most common mite observed within
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<taxonomicName id="439A4D73CD7C834298F5FAED8D2DFA8A" baseAuthorityName="Paykull" baseAuthorityYear="1799" box="[1261,1364,1345,1369]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pyrrhalta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viburni">
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<emphasis id="B6EEEAE2CD7C834298F5FAED8D2DFA8A" box="[1261,1364,1345,1369]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">P. viburni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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egg masses (see results section). Although
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<taxonomicName id="439A4D73CD7C83429F26FACA8B99FAAF" box="[830,992,1380,1404]" class="Arachnida" family="Ceratozetidae" genus="Trichoribates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trimaculatus">
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<emphasis id="B6EEEAE2CD7C83429F26FACA8B99FAAF" box="[830,992,1380,1404]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">T. trimaculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a detritivorous species unlikely to predate directly on
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<taxonomicName id="439A4D73CD7C83429E70FA288AA9FA4D" baseAuthorityName="Paykull" baseAuthorityYear="1799" box="[616,720,1414,1438]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pyrrhalta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viburni">
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<emphasis id="B6EEEAE2CD7C83429E70FA288AA9FA4D" box="[616,720,1414,1438]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">P. viburni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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eggs, its presence might deteriorate the secretion protecting the eggs, reduce the quality of the cavity as a protection against desiccation and natural enemies, and ultimately decrease egg overwintering success. To test this hypothesis, we enclosed
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<taxonomicName id="439A4D73CD7C83429961FA638DB1FA30" box="[1401,1480,1484,1507]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Adoxaceae" genus="Viburnum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tinus">
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<emphasis id="B6EEEAE2CD7C83429961FA638DB1FA30" box="[1401,1480,1484,1507]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">V. tinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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twigs with newly-laid egg masses in nylon sleeve nets with and without an addition
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<emphasis id="B6EEEAE2CD7C834299BFFA408DC2F9D5" box="[1447,1467,1519,1542]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">T.</emphasis>
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of
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<taxonomicName id="439A4D73CD7C83429DF3F9BF8A08F9FB" box="[491,625,1552,1576]" class="Arachnida" family="Ceratozetidae" genus="Trichoribates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trimaculatus">
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<emphasis id="B6EEEAE2CD7C83429DF3F9BF8A08F9FB" box="[491,625,1552,1576]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">trimaculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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adults in
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<date id="F0241030CD7C83429EF1F9BF8BEFF9FB" box="[745,918,1552,1576]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" value="2017-09">September 2017</date>
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. We then left the twigs in the sleeve nets under field conditions during the overwintering period and then measured
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<taxonomicName id="439A4D73CD7C8342989CF99B8C92F998" baseAuthorityName="Paykull" baseAuthorityYear="1799" box="[1156,1259,1587,1611]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pyrrhalta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viburni">
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<emphasis id="B6EEEAE2CD7C8342989CF99B8C92F998" box="[1156,1259,1587,1611]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">P. viburni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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egg survivorship after the overwintering period in March-April 2018. The process for twig infestation with
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<taxonomicName id="439A4D73CD7C8342996AF9F88DA0F9BD" baseAuthorityName="Paykull" baseAuthorityYear="1799" box="[1394,1497,1622,1646]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pyrrhalta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viburni">
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<emphasis id="B6EEEAE2CD7C8342996AF9F88DA0F9BD" box="[1394,1497,1622,1646]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">P. viburni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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egg masses went as follows: in
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<date id="F0241030CD7C83429F5BF9D78BDDF943" box="[835,932,1656,1680]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" value="2017-07">July 2017</date>
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, 10 young
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<taxonomicName id="439A4D73CD7C8342983FF9D68C0FF943" box="[1063,1142,1657,1680]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Adoxaceae" genus="Viburnum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tinus">
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<emphasis id="B6EEEAE2CD7C8342983FF9D68C0FF943" box="[1063,1142,1657,1680]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">V. tinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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shrubs (
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<quantity id="43629B15CD7C834298C2F9D78D3BF943" box="[1242,1346,1656,1680]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" unit="cm" value="37.5" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="25.0">25–50 cm</quantity>
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tall) with no sign of
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<taxonomicName id="439A4D73CD7C83429E24F9338ADAF960" baseAuthorityName="Paykull" baseAuthorityYear="1799" box="[572,675,1691,1715]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pyrrhalta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viburni">
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<emphasis id="B6EEEAE2CD7C83429E24F9338ADAF960" box="[572,675,1691,1715]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">P. viburni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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infestation were transplanted from a field in the Montpellier area and potted in plastic pots (
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<quantity id="43629B15CD7C83429E96F9128AA7F906" box="[654,734,1725,1749]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" unit="cm" value="22.5">22.5 cm</quantity>
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diameter ×
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<quantity id="43629B15CD7C83429F74F9128BD0F906" box="[876,937,1725,1749]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" unit="cm" value="18.0">18 cm</quantity>
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height) with potting soil kept in a growth chamber with a 22 °C constant temperature and a 12/12 (l:d) photoperiod. In
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<date id="F0241030CD7C834298CFF94F8D21F92B" box="[1239,1368,1760,1784]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" value="2017-08">August 2017</date>
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, these shrubs were placed in large mesh cages (90 × 60 ×
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<quantity id="43629B15CD7C83429FD2F8AD8C68F8C9" box="[970,1041,1794,1818]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" unit="cm" value="60.0">60 cm</quantity>
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, 500μm mesh diameter) with
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<specimenCount id="929CFD79CD7C83429946F8AD8DFBF8C9" box="[1374,1410,1794,1818]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" type="generic">
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25
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<taxonomicName id="439A4D73CD7C83429976F8AC8DFBF8C9" baseAuthorityName="Paykull" baseAuthorityYear="1799" box="[1390,1410,1795,1818]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pyrrhalta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viburni">
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<emphasis id="B6EEEAE2CD7C83429976F8AC8DFBF8C9" box="[1390,1410,1795,1818]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">P.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</specimenCount>
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viburni individuals (
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<specimenCount id="929CFD79CD7C83429E9DF88A8A8FF8EE" box="[645,758,1829,1853]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" type="female">20 females</specimenCount>
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and
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<specimenCount id="929CFD79CD7C83429F2BF88A8BFFF8EE" box="[819,902,1829,1853]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" type="male">5 males</specimenCount>
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) per cage for a period of one week. After a week,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="439A4D73CD7C8342996BF8898DA0F8EE" baseAuthorityName="Paykull" baseAuthorityYear="1799" box="[1395,1497,1829,1853]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pyrrhalta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viburni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6EEEAE2CD7C8342996BF8898DA0F8EE" box="[1395,1497,1829,1853]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">P. viburni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
individuals were removed from the cages and the number of twigs infested and the number of egg masses per twig were counted on each shrub (without damaging/removing the twigs from the shrubs). A total of 54 twigs containing between 1 and
|
||
<specimenCount id="929CFD79CD7C834298AFF8238C82F876" box="[1207,1275,1932,1957]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" type="egg">20 egg</specimenCount>
|
||
masses were selected for the experiment and each twig was enclosed in a sleeve net (
|
||
<quantity id="43629B15CD7C834298AEF8008C82F814" box="[1206,1275,1967,1991]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" unit="cm" value="50.0">50 cm</quantity>
|
||
long, 200μm mesh diameter, Diatex Co): 26 twigs each received an addition of
|
||
<emphasis id="B6EEEAE2CD7C83429885F87D8CD4F83A" box="[1181,1197,2002,2025]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">T</emphasis>
|
||
. 30
|
||
<taxonomicName id="439A4D73CD7C834298A0F87E8D47F83A" box="[1208,1342,2001,2025]" class="Arachnida" family="Ceratozetidae" genus="Trichoribates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trimaculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6EEEAE2CD7C834298A0F87E8D47F83A" box="[1208,1342,2001,2025]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">trimaculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
adults (mite treatment), and 28 did not receive any mites (control treatment). A thin metal wire was used to close the extremities of each net. The number of twigs selected for the experiment varied between 2 and 10 per shrub and the number of twigs allocated to each treatment was equally distributed within each shrub (i.e. each shrub had an equal number of twigs with mites and twigs without mites). All
|
||
<taxonomicName id="439A4D73CD7D83439F1BFEDE8BDDFE5B" box="[771,932,368,392]" class="Arachnida" family="Ceratozetidae" genus="Trichoribates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trimaculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6EEEAE2CD7D83439F1BFEDE8BDDFE5B" box="[771,932,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">T. trimaculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
adults used for infesting sleeve nets were collected locally during the days preceding the infestations. They were kept
|
||
<emphasis id="B6EEEAE2CD7D834398FDFE3C8C8CFE79" box="[1253,1269,403,426]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">V</emphasis>
|
||
. on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="439A4D73CD7D83439919FE3C8D4CFE79" box="[1281,1333,403,426]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Adoxaceae" genus="Viburnum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="5" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6EEEAE2CD7D83439919FE3C8D4CFE79" box="[1281,1333,403,426]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">tinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
twigs with a moistened piece of cotton at 17 °C and a 12:12 (l:d) photoperiod until needed for the experiment. Mite addition in the sleeve nets was done as a two-step process. Step 1, on
|
||
<date id="F0241030CD7D8343992EFE788D8FFE3C" box="[1334,1526,471,495]" pageId="5" pageNumber="61" value="2017-09-01">September 1 2017</date>
|
||
, 20
|
||
<taxonomicName id="439A4D73CD7D83439E14FE548AD2FDC1" box="[524,683,506,530]" class="Arachnida" family="Ceratozetidae" genus="Trichoribates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trimaculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6EEEAE2CD7D83439E14FE548AD2FDC1" box="[524,683,506,530]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">T. trimaculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
adults were added to the sleeve nets enclosing the twigs selected for the mite treatment. All shrubs were kept in a growth chamber with a 22 °C constant temperature and a 12/12 (l:d) photoperiod until the second mite addition. Step 2, on
|
||
<date id="F0241030CD7D834398C4FD908DF4FD84" box="[1244,1421,575,599]" pageId="5" pageNumber="61" value="2017-10-10">October 10 2017</date>
|
||
, 10 more
|
||
<taxonomicName id="439A4D73CD7D834399DFFDEF8A08FDAA" class="Arachnida" family="Ceratozetidae" genus="Trichoribates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trimaculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6EEEAE2CD7D834399DFFDEF8A08FDAA" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">T. trimaculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
adults were added to the same sleeve nets. At the time of the second mite 5 twigs from each treatment were cut and inspected using a dissection microscope to check for mite presence and survival: these twigs were discarded from the rest of the analyses. After the second mite addition, shrubs were moved outside in a shaded location near naturally-growing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="439A4D73CD7D83439DF3FD428A40FCD0" box="[491,569,748,772]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Adoxaceae" genus="Viburnum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="5" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6EEEAE2CD7D83439DF3FD428A40FCD0" box="[491,569,748,772]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">V. tinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shrubs, and were left undisturbed until
|
||
<date id="F0241030CD7D8343980BFD438CC9FCD7" box="[1043,1200,748,772]" pageId="5" pageNumber="61" value="2018-02">February 2018</date>
|
||
. The number
|
||
<taxonomicName id="439A4D73CD7D8343992BFD428DAAFCD0" class="Arachnida" family="Ceratozetidae" genus="Trichoribates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trimaculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6EEEAE2CD7D8343992BFD428DAAFCD0" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">T. of trimaculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
individuals added to twigs of the mite treatment (30) was purposely higher than the natural densities of mites we observed in egg masses during the observational study, in order to account for potential mite mortality during the transfer and early establishment of the mites on the twigs. On
|
||
<date id="F0241030CD7D83439E0CFCD98ABFFC5D" box="[532,710,886,910]" pageId="5" pageNumber="61" value="2018-02-05">February 5 2018</date>
|
||
, all twigs with sleeve nets were cut and brought back to the laboratory. Portions of each twig containing egg masses were transferred to petri dishes (
|
||
<quantity id="43629B15CD7D8343995EFC378D01FC63" box="[1350,1400,920,944]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="61" unit="cm" value="9.0">9 cm</quantity>
|
||
diameter) with a thin layer of agar (
|
||
<quantity id="43629B15CD7D83439EE7FC148B33FC00" box="[767,842,955,979]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="61" unit="cm" value="0.5">0.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
) covered with a filter paper. Portions of each twig containing egg masses were placed on top of the filter paper. Each petri dish was then sealed with a strip of Parafilm
|
||
<superScript id="73EF9BB8CD7D83439E7CFC538A0BFBDE" attach="left" box="[612,626,1020,1037]" fontSize="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">®</superScript>
|
||
(American National Can Co), and all petri dishes were monitored until late April 2018 for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="439A4D73CD7D83439E48FB8C8AC0FBE9" baseAuthorityName="Paykull" baseAuthorityYear="1799" box="[592,697,1058,1082]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pyrrhalta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viburni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6EEEAE2CD7D83439E48FB8C8AC0FBE9" box="[592,697,1058,1082]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">P. viburni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larval emergence. The number of larvae emerging from each twig was recorded. The sleeve nets that enclosed the twigs and the twigs themselves were carefully inspected for mite presence when twigs were transferred to petri dishes, and all twigs and egg masses were examined again for mite presence at the end of the experiment after
|
||
<taxonomicName id="439A4D73CD7D83439945FB248DBCFB71" baseAuthorityName="Paykull" baseAuthorityYear="1799" box="[1373,1477,1162,1186]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pyrrhalta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viburni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6EEEAE2CD7D83439945FB248DBCFB71" box="[1373,1477,1162,1186]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">P. viburni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larval emergence. The total numbers of dead and live
|
||
<taxonomicName id="439A4D73CD7D83439828FB028CA8FB17" box="[1072,1233,1196,1220]" class="Arachnida" family="Ceratozetidae" genus="Trichoribates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trimaculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6EEEAE2CD7D83439828FB028CA8FB17" box="[1072,1233,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">T. trimaculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
adults and nymphs that were recovered from the sleeve nets and from the examination of egg masses were recorded.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |