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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.55.11482" ID-GBIF-Dataset="310c95ad-8bf1-4955-acfb-c1368c0222a7" ID-GBIF-Taxon="128834710" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-55-139" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFF5667EAD5E7A6FFFEC2B6CFFB7D800" ID-ZBK="0E1B0A14F8714CD89F2910B255677621" ID-Zenodo-Dep="575140" ID-ZooBank="0E1B0A14F8714CD89F2910B255677621" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:17C35918-BF49-424D-BFE0-F3541C898EBB" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1314-2607-55-139" ModsDocOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 55" ModsDocTitle="Biting the bullet: revisionary notes on the Oraseminae of the Old World (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eucharitidae)" checkinTime="1493464749952" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Burks, Roger A., Heraty, John M., Mottern, Jason, Dominguez, Chrysalyn &amp; Heacox, Scott" docDate="2017" docId="0891AFAC0D250766D1ECEE8798DD476B" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 55: 139-188" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 55" docPubDate="2017-04-28" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.55.11482" docTitle="Zuparka Heraty &amp; Burks 2017, gen. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="17C35918-BF49-424D-BFE0-F3541C898EBB" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="FFF5667EAD5E7A6FFFEC2B6CFFB7D800" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="177" masterDocId="FFF5667EAD5E7A6FFFEC2B6CFFB7D800" masterDocTitle="Biting the bullet: revisionary notes on the Oraseminae of the Old World (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eucharitidae)" masterLastPageNumber="188" masterPageNumber="139" pageId="36" pageNumber="175" updateTime="1643484763995" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Biting the bullet: revisionary notes on the Oraseminae of the Old World (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eucharitidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Burks, Roger A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Heraty, John M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">john.heraty@ucr.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Mottern, Jason</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 &amp; USDA Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Washington, DC 20013 - 7012</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Dominguez, Chrysalyn</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Heacox, Scott</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2017-04-28</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>55</mods:number>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.55.11482</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.55.11482</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-55-139</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">575140</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="128834710" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:17C35918-BF49-424D-BFE0-F3541C898EBB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0891AFAC0D250766D1ECEE8798DD476B" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="177" pageId="36" pageNumber="175">
<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="175" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="175">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/17C35918-BF49-424D-BFE0-F3541C898EBB" authority="Heraty &amp; Burks" authorityName="Heraty &amp; Burks" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Zuparka" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zuparka" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. n.">Zuparka Heraty &amp; Burks</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="36" pageNumber="175">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 6873" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figures 68 - 73. Zuparka fisheri. Paratype female: 68 habitus, lateral 69 head, anterior 70 mesosoma, lateral 71 mesosoma, oblique dorsal 72 mesosoma, anterior 73 propodeum, oblique dorsal. apc = anterior petiolar carina; cal = callus; frn = frenum; lpr; lateral propodeal disc; mts = metascutellum; sct = mesoscutellum; tsa = transscutal articulation." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figures68-73" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134125" pageId="36" pageNumber="175">Figs 68-73</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7478" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figures 74 - 78. Zuparka fisheri. Paratype female: 74 fore wing 75 petiolar base 76 ovipositor. Paratype male: 77 antenna 78 pores on scape ventrally. ads = anterodorsal swelling of petiole; apc = anterior petiolar carina; dv = dorsal (2 nd) valvula; F = flagellomere; F 1 / an = anellus; lhp = petiolar lateral hair patch; vp = ventral pore of scape; pmv = postmarginal vein; stv = stignal vein; vv = ventral (1 st) valvula." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figures74-78" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134126" pageId="36" pageNumber="175">, 74-78</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7980" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figures 79 - 80. Zuparka fisheri. Paratype male: 79 head, anterior 80 genitalia and subgenital plate, ventral. acy = anteclypeus; dsd = dorsal scrobal fovea; msd = median scrobal depression; prm = paramere; sgp = subgenital plate; tor = torulus." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figures79-80" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134127" pageId="36" pageNumber="175">, 79-80</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 8186" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figures 81 - 86. 81 - 84 Zuparka monomoria. Female: 81 head, frontal 82 mesosoma, lateral 83 habitus, lateral 84 head and mesosoma, dorsal 85 unknown male Oraseminae, Australia: UCRCENT 00238798 (couplet 10) 86 unknown male Oraseminae, Australia: UCRCENT 00241816 (couplet 15)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figures81-86" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134128" pageId="36" pageNumber="175">, 81-86</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="176" type="type species">
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="176">
<pageBreakToken pageId="37" pageNumber="176" start="start">Type</pageBreakToken>
species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="176">
<taxonomicName authority="Heraty &amp; Burks, 2017" authorityName="Burks &amp; Heraty &amp; Mottern &amp; Dominguez &amp; Heacox" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Burks &amp; Heraty &amp; Mottern &amp; Dominguez &amp; Heacox" baseAuthorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Zuparka" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zuparka monomoria" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monomoria">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="176">Zuparka monomoria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Heraty, 2000: 375-378, figs 1-7.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="176" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="176">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="176">Named after Robert Zuparko of the California Academy of Sciences; gender feminine.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="176" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="176">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="176">
Defined by
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1603/0013-8746(2000)093[0374:PROOHE]2.0.CO;2" author="Heraty, JM" journalOrPublisher="Life Sciences Contributions, Royal Ontario Museum" pageId="46" pageNumber="185" refId="B11" refString="Heraty, JM, 2000. Phylogenetic relationships of Oraseminae (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 93: 374-390. https://doi.org/10.1603/0013-8746(2000)093[0374:PROOHE]2.0.CO;2" title="Phylogenetic relationships of Oraseminae (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 93: 374 - 390." url="https://doi.org/10.1603/0013-8746(2000)093[0374:PROOHE]2.0.CO;2" year="2000">Heraty (2000</bibRefCitation>
: 375) as the
<taxonomicName authorityName="Burks &amp; Heraty &amp; Mottern &amp; Dominguez &amp; Heacox" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Burks &amp; Heraty &amp; Mottern &amp; Dominguez &amp; Heacox" baseAuthorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orasema monomoria" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monomoria">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="176">Orasema monomoria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group as based on the single species
<taxonomicName genus="Z." lsidName="Z. monomoria" pageId="37" pageNumber="176" rank="species" species="monomoria">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="176">Z. monomoria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Heraty), comb. n. and on a single recently emerged teneral female. Another distinctive species is recognized herein,
<taxonomicName genus="Z." lsidName="Z. fisheri" pageId="37" pageNumber="176" rank="species" species="fisheri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="176">Z. fisheri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. n. The two species are morphologically distinct from each other, and the divergence in their ribosomal and mitochondrial data is generally what is expected between different genera in other
<taxonomicName authorityName="Burks" authorityYear="1979" lsidName="" pageId="37" pageNumber="176" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Oraseminae">Oraseminae</taxonomicName>
. However, morphological features support recognition of a single genus.
<taxonomicName authority="Heraty &amp; Burks, 2017" authorityName="Heraty &amp; Burks" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Zuparka" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zuparka" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="176">Zuparka</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most similar to the African
<taxonomicName authority="Heraty &amp; Burks, 2017" authorityName="Heraty &amp; Burks" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Leiosema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leiosema" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="176">Leiosema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the only other orasemine with ventral pores on the male scape. Based on
<taxonomicName genus="Z." lsidName="Z. monomoria" pageId="37" pageNumber="176" rank="species" species="monomoria">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="176">Z. monomoria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authority="Heraty &amp; Burks, 2017" authorityName="Heraty &amp; Burks" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Zuparka" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zuparka" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="176">Zuparka</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the only genus with a pupa that lacks pronounced tubercles over the petiolar region (c.f. Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 3437" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 34 - 37. 34 - 35 Hayatosema plicator. Holotype female: 34 propodeum and petiole, dorsal oblique 35 ovipositor, dorsal 36 - 37: Ibitya communis. Female: 36 head, frontal 37 pupa. hcx = hind coxa; pet = petiole." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figures34-37" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134109" pageId="37" pageNumber="176">37</figureCitation>
) or laterally on the lateral abdominal region (Heraty, 2000). It is also the only genus known to attack
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1855" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Monomorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Monomorium" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="176">Monomorium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau" authorityYear="1835" lsidName="" pageId="37" pageNumber="176" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Myrmicinae">Myrmicinae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="177" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="177">
<pageBreakToken pageId="38" pageNumber="177" start="start">Diagnosis</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="177">
Separated from other
<taxonomicName authorityName="Burks" authorityYear="1979" lsidName="" pageId="38" pageNumber="177" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Oraseminae">Oraseminae</taxonomicName>
by the presence of ventral pores on the male scape, 4-digitate labrum (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 6873" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figures 68 - 73. Zuparka fisheri. Paratype female: 68 habitus, lateral 69 head, anterior 70 mesosoma, lateral 71 mesosoma, oblique dorsal 72 mesosoma, anterior 73 propodeum, oblique dorsal. apc = anterior petiolar carina; cal = callus; frn = frenum; lpr; lateral propodeal disc; mts = metascutellum; sct = mesoscutellum; tsa = transscutal articulation." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figures68-73" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134125" pageId="38" pageNumber="177">69</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7980" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figures 79 - 80. Zuparka fisheri. Paratype male: 79 head, anterior 80 genitalia and subgenital plate, ventral. acy = anteclypeus; dsd = dorsal scrobal fovea; msd = median scrobal depression; prm = paramere; sgp = subgenital plate; tor = torulus." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figures79-80" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134127" pageId="38" pageNumber="177">79</figureCitation>
), parallel scrobal depressions with a dorsal fovea (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7980" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figures 79 - 80. Zuparka fisheri. Paratype male: 79 head, anterior 80 genitalia and subgenital plate, ventral. acy = anteclypeus; dsd = dorsal scrobal fovea; msd = median scrobal depression; prm = paramere; sgp = subgenital plate; tor = torulus." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figures79-80" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134127" pageId="38" pageNumber="177">79</figureCitation>
, dsd), sculptured frenum (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 6873" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figures 68 - 73. Zuparka fisheri. Paratype female: 68 habitus, lateral 69 head, anterior 70 mesosoma, lateral 71 mesosoma, oblique dorsal 72 mesosoma, anterior 73 propodeum, oblique dorsal. apc = anterior petiolar carina; cal = callus; frn = frenum; lpr; lateral propodeal disc; mts = metascutellum; sct = mesoscutellum; tsa = transscutal articulation." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figures68-73" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134125" pageId="38" pageNumber="177">70</figureCitation>
, frn), presence of a basal petiolar carina (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7478" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figures 74 - 78. Zuparka fisheri. Paratype female: 74 fore wing 75 petiolar base 76 ovipositor. Paratype male: 77 antenna 78 pores on scape ventrally. ads = anterodorsal swelling of petiole; apc = anterior petiolar carina; dv = dorsal (2 nd) valvula; F = flagellomere; F 1 / an = anellus; lhp = petiolar lateral hair patch; vp = ventral pore of scape; pmv = postmarginal vein; stv = stignal vein; vv = ventral (1 st) valvula." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figures74-78" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134126" pageId="38" pageNumber="177">75</figureCitation>
, apc), and absence of an antecostal sulcus. Distinguished from the other Old World genera by having the head smooth or very weakly coriaceous, and subtriangular in frontal view (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 6873" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figures 68 - 73. Zuparka fisheri. Paratype female: 68 habitus, lateral 69 head, anterior 70 mesosoma, lateral 71 mesosoma, oblique dorsal 72 mesosoma, anterior 73 propodeum, oblique dorsal. apc = anterior petiolar carina; cal = callus; frn = frenum; lpr; lateral propodeal disc; mts = metascutellum; sct = mesoscutellum; tsa = transscutal articulation." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figures68-73" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134125" pageId="38" pageNumber="177">69</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7980" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figures 79 - 80. Zuparka fisheri. Paratype male: 79 head, anterior 80 genitalia and subgenital plate, ventral. acy = anteclypeus; dsd = dorsal scrobal fovea; msd = median scrobal depression; prm = paramere; sgp = subgenital plate; tor = torulus." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figures79-80" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134127" pageId="38" pageNumber="177">79</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 8186" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figures 81 - 86. 81 - 84 Zuparka monomoria. Female: 81 head, frontal 82 mesosoma, lateral 83 habitus, lateral 84 head and mesosoma, dorsal 85 unknown male Oraseminae, Australia: UCRCENT 00238798 (couplet 10) 86 unknown male Oraseminae, Australia: UCRCENT 00241816 (couplet 15)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figures81-86" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134128" pageId="38" pageNumber="177">81</figureCitation>
); scrobal depression with parallel channels and dorsal fovea (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7980" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figures 79 - 80. Zuparka fisheri. Paratype male: 79 head, anterior 80 genitalia and subgenital plate, ventral. acy = anteclypeus; dsd = dorsal scrobal fovea; msd = median scrobal depression; prm = paramere; sgp = subgenital plate; tor = torulus." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figures79-80" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134127" pageId="38" pageNumber="177">79</figureCitation>
); occiput rounded; funicle 7-segmented; labrum with 4 digits; mesonotum appearing bare, at most with few minute setae; mesosomal lateral lobes and frenum sculptured; transscutal articulation complete and relatively straight; propodeal disc has either smooth or nearly smooth lateral areas on the propodeal disc in combination with a rugose-areolate or reticulate median channel (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 6873" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figures 68 - 73. Zuparka fisheri. Paratype female: 68 habitus, lateral 69 head, anterior 70 mesosoma, lateral 71 mesosoma, oblique dorsal 72 mesosoma, anterior 73 propodeum, oblique dorsal. apc = anterior petiolar carina; cal = callus; frn = frenum; lpr; lateral propodeal disc; mts = metascutellum; sct = mesoscutellum; tsa = transscutal articulation." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figures68-73" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134125" pageId="38" pageNumber="177">73</figureCitation>
), or more weakly sculptured propodeum with a weak median channel and a median carina; prepectus foveate dorsally and tightly articulated with pronotum ventrally (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 6873" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figures 68 - 73. Zuparka fisheri. Paratype female: 68 habitus, lateral 69 head, anterior 70 mesosoma, lateral 71 mesosoma, oblique dorsal 72 mesosoma, anterior 73 propodeum, oblique dorsal. apc = anterior petiolar carina; cal = callus; frn = frenum; lpr; lateral propodeal disc; mts = metascutellum; sct = mesoscutellum; tsa = transscutal articulation." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figures68-73" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134125" pageId="38" pageNumber="177">70</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 8186" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figures 81 - 86. 81 - 84 Zuparka monomoria. Female: 81 head, frontal 82 mesosoma, lateral 83 habitus, lateral 84 head and mesosoma, dorsal 85 unknown male Oraseminae, Australia: UCRCENT 00238798 (couplet 10) 86 unknown male Oraseminae, Australia: UCRCENT 00241816 (couplet 15)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figures81-86" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134128" pageId="38" pageNumber="177">82</figureCitation>
); fore wing with basal area and specular area bare (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7478" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figures 74 - 78. Zuparka fisheri. Paratype female: 74 fore wing 75 petiolar base 76 ovipositor. Paratype male: 77 antenna 78 pores on scape ventrally. ads = anterodorsal swelling of petiole; apc = anterior petiolar carina; dv = dorsal (2 nd) valvula; F = flagellomere; F 1 / an = anellus; lhp = petiolar lateral hair patch; vp = ventral pore of scape; pmv = postmarginal vein; stv = stignal vein; vv = ventral (1 st) valvula." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figures74-78" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134126" pageId="38" pageNumber="177">74</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 8186" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figures 81 - 86. 81 - 84 Zuparka monomoria. Female: 81 head, frontal 82 mesosoma, lateral 83 habitus, lateral 84 head and mesosoma, dorsal 85 unknown male Oraseminae, Australia: UCRCENT 00238798 (couplet 10) 86 unknown male Oraseminae, Australia: UCRCENT 00241816 (couplet 15)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figures81-86" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134128" pageId="38" pageNumber="177">83</figureCitation>
), wing disc with relatively long dense setae; postmarginal vein less than twice as long as stigmal vein; petiole with prominent basal flange; antecostal sulcus absent; first valvula of ovipositor with 3-4 lateral teeth. Male scape with distinct ventral pores (glands) set in circular depressions across entire ventral surface (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7478" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figures 74 - 78. Zuparka fisheri. Paratype female: 74 fore wing 75 petiolar base 76 ovipositor. Paratype male: 77 antenna 78 pores on scape ventrally. ads = anterodorsal swelling of petiole; apc = anterior petiolar carina; dv = dorsal (2 nd) valvula; F = flagellomere; F 1 / an = anellus; lhp = petiolar lateral hair patch; vp = ventral pore of scape; pmv = postmarginal vein; stv = stignal vein; vv = ventral (1 st) valvula." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figures74-78" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134126" pageId="38" pageNumber="177">78</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="177" type="host">
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="177">Host association.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="177">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau" authorityYear="1835" lsidName="" pageId="38" pageNumber="177" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Myrmicinae">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="177">Myrmicinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName genus="Z." lsidName="Z. monomoria" pageId="38" pageNumber="177" rank="species" species="monomoria">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="177">Z. monomoria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
reared from
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1855" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Monomorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Monomorium" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="177">Monomorium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1603/0013-8746(2000)093[0374:PROOHE]2.0.CO;2" author="Heraty, JM" journalOrPublisher="Life Sciences Contributions, Royal Ontario Museum" pageId="46" pageNumber="185" refId="B11" refString="Heraty, JM, 2000. Phylogenetic relationships of Oraseminae (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 93: 374-390. https://doi.org/10.1603/0013-8746(2000)093[0374:PROOHE]2.0.CO;2" title="Phylogenetic relationships of Oraseminae (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 93: 374 - 390." url="https://doi.org/10.1603/0013-8746(2000)093[0374:PROOHE]2.0.CO;2" year="2000">Heraty 2000</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="177" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="177">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="177">Madagascar.</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="989709" doi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figs56-67" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134124" pageId="38" pageNumber="177" start="Figs 5667" startId="F13">
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="177">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="177">Figs 56-67.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Heraty &amp; Burks, 2017" authorityName="Burks &amp; Heraty &amp; Mottern &amp; Dominguez &amp; Heacox" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Burks &amp; Heraty &amp; Mottern &amp; Dominguez &amp; Heacox" baseAuthorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Leiosema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leiosema glabra" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glabra">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="177">Leiosema glabra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Male:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="177">56</emphasis>
antenna, lateral (Tanzania, TZ)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="177">57</emphasis>
head, frontal, (Yemen)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="177">58</emphasis>
head, oblique (TZ). Female holotype
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="177">59</emphasis>
head and mesosoma, dorsal; Male:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="177">60</emphasis>
head and mesosoma, dorsal (South Africa)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="177">63</emphasis>
mesosoma, lateral (SA)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="177">65</emphasis>
wings, dorsal (TZ)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="177">66</emphasis>
stigmal vein (TZ)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="177">67</emphasis>
propodeum and petiole, oblique (TZ).
<taxonomicName authority="Heraty &amp; Burks, 2017" authorityName="Heraty &amp; Burks" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Leiosema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leiosema lesiolouna" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lesiolouna">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="177">Leiosema lesiolouna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Holotype male:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="177">61</emphasis>
head and mesosoma, dorsal
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="177">62</emphasis>
head, oblique
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="177">64</emphasis>
head and mesosoma, lateral.acr = acrosternite; apc = anterior petiolar carina; F = flagellomere; frn = frenum; lbr = labrum; no
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="177">1</emphasis>
= pronotum; scp = scape; vp = ventral pores.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="989711" doi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figures68-73" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134125" pageId="38" pageNumber="177" start="Figures 6873" startId="F14">
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="177">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="177">Figures 68-73.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Heraty &amp; Burks, 2017" authorityName="Heacox &amp; Dominguez" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Zuparka" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zuparka fisheri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fisheri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="177">Zuparka fisheri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Paratype female:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="177">68</emphasis>
habitus, lateral
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="177">69</emphasis>
head, anterior
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="177">70</emphasis>
mesosoma, lateral
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="177">71</emphasis>
mesosoma, oblique dorsal
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="177">72</emphasis>
mesosoma, anterior
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="177">73</emphasis>
propodeum, oblique dorsal. apc = anterior petiolar carina; cal = callus; frn = frenum; lpr; lateral propodeal disc; mts = metascutellum; sct = mesoscutellum; tsa = transscutal articulation.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="989713" doi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figures74-78" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134126" pageId="38" pageNumber="177" start="Figures 7478" startId="F15">
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="177">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="177">Figures 74-78.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Heraty &amp; Burks, 2017" authorityName="Heacox &amp; Dominguez" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Zuparka" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zuparka fisheri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fisheri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="177">Zuparka fisheri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Paratype female:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="177">74</emphasis>
fore wing
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="177">75</emphasis>
petiolar base
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="177">76</emphasis>
ovipositor. Paratype male:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="177">77</emphasis>
antenna
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="177">78</emphasis>
pores on scape ventrally. ads = anterodorsal swelling of petiole; apc = anterior petiolar carina; dv = dorsal (2nd) valvula; F = flagellomere; F1/an = anellus; lhp = petiolar lateral hair patch; vp = ventral pore of scape; pmv = postmarginal vein; stv = stignal vein; vv = ventral (1st) valvula.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="989715" doi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figures79-80" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134127" pageId="38" pageNumber="177" start="Figures 7980" startId="F16">
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="177">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="177">Figures 79-80.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Heraty &amp; Burks, 2017" authorityName="Heacox &amp; Dominguez" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Zuparka" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zuparka fisheri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fisheri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="177">Zuparka fisheri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Paratype male:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="177">79</emphasis>
head, anterior
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="177">80</emphasis>
genitalia and subgenital plate, ventral. acy = anteclypeus; dsd = dorsal scrobal fovea; msd = median scrobal depression; prm = paramere; sgp = subgenital plate; tor = torulus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>