1737 lines
125 KiB
XML
1737 lines
125 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6144385" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6996bcab-f452-4c2b-81a9-5ce02acf071d" ID-GBIF-Taxon="114923951" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6144385" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:54B169C6-CD09-455C-B80E-0FB178611BD4" checkinTime="1455891359817" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="J. Berton C. Harris, Pamela C. Rasmussen, Ding Li Yong, Dewi M. Prawiradilaga, Dadang Dwi Putra, Philip D. Round & Frank E. Rheindt" docDate="2014" docId="03EB4F1DA520FFFB9149F957EE302752" docLanguage="en" docName="journal.pone.0112657.pdf.imf" docOrigin="PLoS ONE 9 (11)" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Muscicapa sodhii Harris, Rasmussen, Yong, Prawiradilaga, Putra, Round & Rheindt, 2014, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="54B169C6-CD09-455C-B80E-0FB178611BD4" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="29" masterDocId="FFD23765A52EFFE69363FFD7EC4C265E" masterDocTitle="A New Species of Muscicapa Flycatcher from Sulawesi, Indonesia" masterLastPageNumber="33" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" updateTime="1645205679486" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
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<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>A New Species of Muscicapa Flycatcher from Sulawesi, Indonesia</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>J. Berton C. Harris</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Pamela C. Rasmussen</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Ding Li Yong</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Dewi M. Prawiradilaga</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Dadang Dwi Putra</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Philip D. Round</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Frank E. Rheindt</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>PLoS ONE</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>9</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number>11</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>33</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1371/journal.pone.0112657</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">19FE6BDD-5F9F-4E16-BCAA-6EADF959DDEB</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6144385" ID-GBIF-Taxon="114923951" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6144385" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:54B169C6-CD09-455C-B80E-0FB178611BD4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB4F1DA520FFFB9149F957EE302752" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph box="[554,892,1664,1690]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[554,892,1664,1690]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[554,777,1664,1690]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sodhii" status="sp. nov.">Muscicapa sodhii</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[794,892,1665,1690]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph box="[554,910,1702,1729]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Sulawesi Streaked Flycatcher</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph box="[554,1430,1740,1767]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 54B169C6-CD09-455C-B80E-0FB178611BD4</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption box="[98,1250,207,226]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" targetBox="[98,1356,250,807]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph box="[98,1250,207,226]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[98,176,208,226]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Table 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Component loadings for principal components analysis of morphometric measurements of Asian
|
||
<emphasis box="[1096,1196,208,226]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1096,1196,208,226]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Muscicapa</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
taxa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<table box="[98,1356,250,807]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<tr box="[98,1356,250,269]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[112,1356,250,269]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<td box="[112,192,250,269]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Variable</td>
|
||
<td box="[1001,1084,250,269]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Factor 1</td>
|
||
<td box="[1274,1356,250,269]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Factor 2</td>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1356,285,305]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<td box="[112,242,285,305]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">wing flattened</td>
|
||
<td box="[1001,1060,286,305]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
‾
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1019,1314,286,305]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1019,1060,286,305]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.33</emphasis>
|
||
<td box="[1274,1314,286,305]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.27</td>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1356,321,341]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<td box="[112,274,321,341]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">wingtip extension</td>
|
||
<td box="[1001,1060,322,341]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
‾
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1019,1060,322,341]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.34</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[1274,1314,322,341]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.24</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1356,357,377]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<td box="[112,200,357,377]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">primary 1</td>
|
||
<td box="[1001,1060,357,377]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
‾
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1019,1060,357,377]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.36</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[1274,1314,357,376]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.20</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1356,393,412]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<td box="[112,200,393,412]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">primary 2</td>
|
||
<td box="[1001,1042,393,412]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1001,1042,393,412]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.33</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[1274,1332,393,412]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">‾0.09</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1356,429,448]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<td box="[112,200,429,448]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">primary 8</td>
|
||
<td box="[1001,1060,429,448]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
‾
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1019,1060,429,448]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.37</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[1274,1314,429,448]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.18</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1356,464,484]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<td box="[112,138,464,484]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">tail</td>
|
||
<td box="[1001,1042,465,484]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.00</td>
|
||
<td box="[1274,1314,465,484]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1274,1314,465,484]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.31</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1356,500,520]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<td box="[112,354,500,520]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">undertail coverts to tail tip</td>
|
||
<td box="[1001,1042,501,520]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1001,1042,501,520]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.34</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[1274,1314,501,520]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.02</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1356,536,556]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<td box="[112,277,536,556]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">culmen from skull</td>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1001,1314,536,556]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<td box="[1001,1042,537,556]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.21</td>
|
||
<td box="[1274,1314,536,556]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1274,1314,536,556]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.39</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1356,572,592]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<td box="[112,311,572,592]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">culmen from feathers</td>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1001,1314,573,592]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<td box="[1001,1042,573,592]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.26</td>
|
||
<td box="[1274,1314,573,592]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.33</td>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1356,608,628]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<td box="[112,193,608,628]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">bill width</td>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1001,1314,609,628]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<td box="[1001,1042,609,628]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.21</td>
|
||
<td box="[1274,1314,609,628]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.33</td>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1356,644,663]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<td box="[112,420,644,663]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">extent of pale on lower mandible</td>
|
||
<td box="[1001,1042,644,663]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1001,1042,644,663]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.33</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[1274,1314,644,663]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.12</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1356,679,699]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<td box="[112,194,679,699]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">hindclaw</td>
|
||
<td box="[1001,1042,680,699]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.05</td>
|
||
<td box="[1274,1314,680,699]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1274,1314,680,699]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.38</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1356,716,735]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<td box="[112,169,717,735]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">tarsus</td>
|
||
<td box="[1001,1042,716,735]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.09</td>
|
||
<td box="[1274,1314,716,735]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1274,1314,716,735]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.41</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1356,751,771]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<td box="[112,224,751,771]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">eigenvalues</td>
|
||
<td box="[1001,1042,752,771]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">2.40</td>
|
||
<td box="[1274,1314,752,771]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">1.94</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1356,787,807]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<td box="[112,412,787,807]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">percent total variance explained</td>
|
||
<td box="[1001,1054,788,807]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">44.49</td>
|
||
<td box="[1274,1326,788,807]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">28.86</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="multiple">
|
||
<caption pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Variables deemed most important in bold italic, those of somewhat lesser importance in bold only, and those not considered important in regular font. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0112657.t005</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph box="[523,659,954,984]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<heading box="[523,659,954,984]" fontSize="13" level="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="1">Holotype</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
MZB.Ornit.33.525; adult male, collected 23 Jun 2012. Left testis 4×2.5 mm, pale tan in color; no brood patch; no cloacal protuberance (Plate 1,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1328,1431,1041,1067]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="24.[523,588,883,902]" captionTargetBox="[523,851,197,849]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[523,854,197,849]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 8. Photographs of the type specimens of the new species. (a) ventral view; (b) dorsal view; (c) lateral view. The paratype is above and the holotype is below in all photographs. doi: 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0112657. g 008" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figure 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). Skull 100% pneumatized; no bursa; no enlarged gape flanges. Little fat; stomach and intestine full of small black items (saved in alcohol). No head, body, wing, or tail molt. Collected by the Prawiradilaga field party; prepared by Pamela C.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph box="[523,1082,1191,1218]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Rasmussen, field number LL-PCR-2012-010.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph box="[523,676,1280,1310]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<heading box="[523,676,1280,1310]" fontSize="13" level="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="1">Diagnosis</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A small, drab gray-brown muscicapid flycatcher with indistinct facial patterning, strong dusky streaking below, and short primary projection. Differs from</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph box="[523,1494,1404,1431]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[523,785,1405,1431]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griseisticta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[523,785,1405,1431]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Muscicapa griseisticta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having the bill longer and more strongly hooked but
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph box="[523,1466,1442,1469]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">relatively less broad; a weaker face pattern, with indistinct pale eyering (vs.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph box="[523,1486,1480,1507]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">prominent), dark spotting on throat (vs. mostly white throat), an ill-defined</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
malar stripe and no pale moustachial stripe (vs. strong); much shorter and more rounded wing; shorter undertail coverts; and shorter, slightly more notched tail. Differs from
|
||
<emphasis box="[688,911,1593,1620]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[688,911,1593,1620]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">Muscicapa sibirica</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in its longer, deeper, and, in Sino-Himalayan
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
forms of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[641,770,1631,1657]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis box="[641,770,1631,1657]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, broader bill, much weaker head and throat pattern, much clearer streaking below, on a whitish background (vs. mostly dark background, especially in Sino-Himalayan forms); much shorter primary projection and first primary; shorter undertail coverts; and compared to
|
||
<emphasis box="[1174,1326,1744,1771]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
M. s.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1241,1326,1744,1771]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">sibirica</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, shorter and less notched tail. Differs from all forms of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1000,1242,1782,1808]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dauurica">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1000,1242,1782,1808]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Muscicapa dauurica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as well as
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1382,1533,1783,1809]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="segregata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1382,1533,1783,1809]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">M. segregata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[580,689,1819,1846]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="randi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[580,689,1819,1846]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">M. randi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, especially in the strongly streaked underparts of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1317,1432,1819,1846]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sodhii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1317,1432,1819,1846]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">M. sodhii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Differs additionally from
|
||
<emphasis box="[749,898,1338,1364]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[749,898,1338,1364]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dauurica">M. dauurica</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in its shorter primary projection (longer only than
|
||
<emphasis box="[523,703,1375,1402]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">M. d. umbrosa</emphasis>
|
||
) and its more strongly hooked and, compared to
|
||
<emphasis box="[1341,1524,1375,1402]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
M. d.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1418,1524,1375,1402]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dauurica">dauurica</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, narrower bill; from
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[767,874,1413,1440]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="randi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[767,874,1413,1440]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">M. randi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[936,1086,1414,1440]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="segregata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[936,1086,1414,1440]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">M. segregata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its shorter tail, less extensive pale area on lower mandible, and longer undertail coverts, and from
|
||
<emphasis box="[1314,1464,1452,1477]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1314,1464,1452,1477]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="segregata">M. segregata</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in its narrower bill and shorter tarsi.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption box="[98,1218,207,226]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" targetBox="[98,1504,250,1290]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph box="[98,1218,207,226]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[98,176,207,226]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Table 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Plumage scores for six Asian
|
||
<emphasis box="[466,567,208,226]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[466,567,208,226]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Muscicapa</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
taxa presented as mean ± SD with sample size (
|
||
<emphasis box="[1046,1058,208,226]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">n</emphasis>
|
||
) in parentheses.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<table box="[98,1504,250,1290]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<tr box="[98,1504,250,294]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<td box="[112,553,250,294]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Variable" authorityName="Variable" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griseisticta">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[413,553,250,269]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">M. griseisticta</emphasis>
|
||
Variable
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[420,433,275,294]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">n</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
=
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
15)
|
||
<td box="[628,753,250,294]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
new species (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[635,648,275,294]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">n</emphasis>
|
||
=
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
2)
|
||
<td box="[786,930,250,294]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[786,930,250,269]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">M. d. umbrosa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[793,805,275,294]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">n</emphasis>
|
||
=
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
1)
|
||
<td box="[972,1141,250,294]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[972,1141,250,269]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
M. d.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1028,1141,250,269]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="williamsoni">williamsoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[979,992,275,294]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">n</emphasis>
|
||
=
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1010,1310,275,294]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
9)
|
||
<td box="[1202,1346,275,294]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1202,1283,275,294]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1202,1283,275,294]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="randi">M. randi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1297,1310,275,294]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">n</emphasis>
|
||
=
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
3)
|
||
<td box="[1374,1504,250,294]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1374,1504,250,269]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1374,1504,250,269]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="segregata">M. segregata</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1381,1394,275,294]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">n</emphasis>
|
||
=
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1411,1442,275,294]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">12)</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1504,310,355]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<td box="[112,492,310,355]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">eyering (1= none, 4.3±1.2 10= prominent)</td>
|
||
<td box="[628,640,311,330]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">3</td>
|
||
<td box="[786,798,311,330]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">4</td>
|
||
<td box="[972,1052,311,330]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">5.7±1.3</td>
|
||
<td box="[1202,1264,311,330]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">2±1.7</td>
|
||
<td box="[1374,1454,311,330]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">3.1±0.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1504,371,416]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<td box="[112,492,371,416]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">crown speckling 3.7±1.3 (1= none, 10= prominent)</td>
|
||
<td box="[628,640,372,391]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">6</td>
|
||
<td box="[786,798,372,391]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">1</td>
|
||
<td box="[972,1052,372,391]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">1.8±1.2</td>
|
||
<td box="[1202,1281,372,391]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">3.3±1.2</td>
|
||
<td box="[1374,1454,372,391]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">2.4±1.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1504,432,503]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<td box="[112,492,432,503]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">breast color 4.9±0.6 (1= pure white, 10= all brown)</td>
|
||
<td box="[628,640,433,452]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">6</td>
|
||
<td box="[786,798,433,452]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">9</td>
|
||
<td box="[972,1052,433,452]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">5.7±1.1</td>
|
||
<td box="[1202,1247,433,452]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">8±1</td>
|
||
<td box="[1374,1465,433,452]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">8.3±0.97</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1504,519,564]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<td box="[112,487,519,564]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">breast streaking 8±0.76 (1= none, 10= heavy)</td>
|
||
<td box="[628,640,520,539]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">7</td>
|
||
<td box="[786,798,520,539]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">2</td>
|
||
<td box="[972,1034,520,539]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">6±1.4</td>
|
||
<td box="[1202,1247,520,539]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">2±1</td>
|
||
<td box="[1374,1454,520,539]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">2.5±1.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1504,580,650]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<td box="[112,504,580,650]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">vent color 1.1±0.26 (1= pure white, 10= pure brown)</td>
|
||
<td box="[628,640,581,600]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">1</td>
|
||
<td box="[786,798,581,600]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">1</td>
|
||
<td box="[972,1052,581,600]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">1.1±0.3</td>
|
||
<td box="[1202,1214,581,600]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">1</td>
|
||
<td box="[1374,1465,581,600]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">1.2±0.39</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1504,666,711]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<td box="[112,504,666,711]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">vent marking 1.1±0.26 (1= none, 10= heavy)</td>
|
||
<td box="[628,640,667,686]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">1</td>
|
||
<td box="[786,798,667,686]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">1</td>
|
||
<td box="[972,984,667,686]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">1</td>
|
||
<td box="[1202,1214,667,686]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">1</td>
|
||
<td box="[1374,1386,667,686]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1504,727,772]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<td box="[112,504,727,772]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">malar (1= none, 7.5±0.92 10= strong)</td>
|
||
<td box="[628,640,728,747]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">1</td>
|
||
<td box="[786,798,728,747]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">1</td>
|
||
<td box="[972,1052,728,747]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">3.2±2.2</td>
|
||
<td box="[1202,1300,728,747]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">1.3 ±0.58</td>
|
||
<td box="[1374,1465,728,747]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">1.4±0.67</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1504,788,834]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<td box="[112,425,788,834]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">rump (1= as mantle, 1 10= much more rufous)</td>
|
||
<td box="[628,640,789,808]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">1</td>
|
||
<td box="[786,798,789,808]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">3</td>
|
||
<td box="[972,1052,789,808]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">5.4±1.2</td>
|
||
<td box="[1202,1247,789,808]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">3±1</td>
|
||
<td box="[1374,1465,789,808]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">1.3±0.65</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1504,850,920]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<td box="[112,475,850,920]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">tertials (1= plain, 4±1.9 10= broad strong pale margins)</td>
|
||
<td box="[628,690,850,869]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">6±2.8</td>
|
||
<td box="[786,798,850,869]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">1</td>
|
||
<td box="[972,1052,850,869]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">7.6±1.7</td>
|
||
<td box="[1202,1264,850,869]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">5.7±4</td>
|
||
<td box="[1374,1454,850,869]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">4.3±2.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1504,936,1006]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<td box="[112,487,936,1006]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">upperparts darkness 5±0.38 (1= very dark, 10= very pale)</td>
|
||
<td box="[628,708,937,956]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">5.5±0.7</td>
|
||
<td box="[786,798,937,956]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">3</td>
|
||
<td box="[972,1052,937,956]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">5.4±0.7</td>
|
||
<td box="[1202,1300,937,956]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">5.3 ±0.58</td>
|
||
<td box="[1374,1465,937,956]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">5.3±0.98</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1504,1022,1093]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<td box="[112,504,1022,1093]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">upperparts hue 3.1±0.52 (1= cold, 10= rufous)</td>
|
||
<td box="[628,708,1023,1042]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">2.5±0.7</td>
|
||
<td box="[786,798,1023,1042]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">2</td>
|
||
<td box="[972,1052,1023,1042]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">6.8±1.1</td>
|
||
<td box="[1202,1293,1023,1042]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">3.3±0.58</td>
|
||
<td box="[1374,1436,1023,1042]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">4.5±1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1504,1109,1179]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<td box="[112,492,1109,1179]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">secondary coverts 3.3±1.3 spotting (1= none, 10= strong)</td>
|
||
<td box="[628,640,1109,1128]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">2</td>
|
||
<td box="[786,798,1109,1128]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">8</td>
|
||
<td box="[972,1052,1109,1128]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">6.4±2.4</td>
|
||
<td box="[1202,1281,1109,1128]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">4.7±4.6</td>
|
||
<td box="[1374,1454,1109,1128]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">4.4±2.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1504,1195,1240]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<td box="[112,492,1195,1240]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">lores (1= no pale, 3.8±1.4 10= broad pale)</td>
|
||
<td box="[628,690,1196,1215]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">6±1.4</td>
|
||
<td box="[786,798,1196,1215]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">3</td>
|
||
<td box="[972,1052,1196,1215]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">5.8±1.1</td>
|
||
<td box="[1202,1281,1196,1215]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">5.3±2.3</td>
|
||
<td box="[1374,1454,1196,1215]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">4.5±1.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1504,1271,1290]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<td box="[98,395,1271,1290]" colspan="6" colspanRight="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0112657.t006</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">The song of the new species is higher-pitched than that of all similar Asian species, and differs from them additionally in its combination of relatively narrow bandwidth, few note repetitions, mostly clear, longer notes, few harmonics, and low similarity between adjacent strophes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph box="[523,882,1729,1759]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<heading box="[523,882,1729,1759]" fontSize="13" level="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="1">Description of holotype</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Color terms using Munsell Color’s [29] notation are shown in Table 10. Bill black, terete, with prominent culmen ridge and fairly strong hook, moderately broad, narrowing evenly toward tip, the distal fifth markedly narrow. Proximal third of lower mandible pale, distinctly so and sharply contrasting with black distal two-thirds of lower mandible, the pale extending around the ramal</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="17" pageNumber="18" targetBox="[528,1486,201,1161]" targetPageId="17">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[523,1372,1200,1219]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Figure 4. Principal components analysis of plumage scores of Asian
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1211,1318,1200,1219]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1211,1318,1200,1219]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Muscicapa</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
taxa.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Specimens were scored from 1–10 based on 13 plumage traits. See Table 6 for details. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0112657.g004
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">branches. Rictal bristles fairly prominent, moderately stiff, black. Forehead graybrown with distinct dark brown centers and pale gray-brown edges, these</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">markings larger on larger feathers of crown, and becoming obscure on feathers of rear crown. Nape and hindneck nearly uniform gray-brown. Sides of head</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">uniform gray-brown, as nape. Lores mixed white and gray-brown, the feathers tipped dark giving a grizzled appearance, extends as narrow band over bill and as narrow (one feather row) indistinct eye ring, strongest in front of and below eye, weak above and behind eye. Pale lores grade into face below eye and sides of throat, which are indistinctly speckled. Chin and throat white, lightly and finely speckled gray-brown. There is no marked moustachial or malar streak; there is even gradation from pale grizzled lores to speckled throat and uniform graybrown auriculars.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption box="[98,1166,207,226]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" targetBox="[98,1428,250,807]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="18">
|
||
<paragraph box="[98,1166,207,226]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[98,176,208,226]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Table 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Component loadings for principal components analysis of plumage scores for six Asian
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1011,1112,208,226]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1011,1112,208,226]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Muscicapa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
taxa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<table box="[98,1428,250,807]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<tr box="[98,1428,250,269]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[112,1428,250,269]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<td box="[112,192,250,269]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Variable</td>
|
||
<td box="[743,826,250,269]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Factor 1</td>
|
||
<td box="[944,1026,250,269]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Factor 2</td>
|
||
<td box="[1144,1227,250,269]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Factor 3</td>
|
||
<td box="[1345,1428,250,269]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Factor 4</td>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1428,285,305]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<td box="[112,181,285,305]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">eyering</td>
|
||
<td box="[743,784,286,305]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">0.07</td>
|
||
<td box="[944,1002,286,305]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
‾
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[961,1002,286,305]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">0.47</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[1144,1185,286,305]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">0.05</td>
|
||
<td box="[1345,1404,286,305]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
‾
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1363,1404,286,305]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">0.15</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1428,321,341]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<td box="[112,263,321,341]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">crown speckling</td>
|
||
<td box="[743,801,322,341]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
‾
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[760,801,322,341]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">0.33</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[944,1002,322,341]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">‾0.02</td>
|
||
<td box="[1144,1203,322,341]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
‾
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1162,1386,322,341]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
0.31
|
||
<td box="[1345,1386,322,341]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">0.31</td>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1428,357,377]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<td box="[112,222,357,377]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">breast color</td>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[743,985,357,377]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<td box="[743,784,357,376]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">0.20</td>
|
||
<td box="[944,985,357,377]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[944,985,357,377]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">0.49</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<td box="[1144,1185,357,376]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">0.08</td>
|
||
<td box="[1345,1404,357,376]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">‾0.02</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1428,393,412]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<td box="[112,262,393,412]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">breast streaking</td>
|
||
<td box="[743,801,393,412]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
‾
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[760,801,393,412]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">0.25</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[944,1002,393,412]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
‾
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[961,1002,393,412]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">0.45</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[1144,1185,393,412]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">0.01</td>
|
||
<td box="[1345,1404,393,412]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">‾0.04</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1428,429,448]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<td box="[112,204,429,448]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">vent color</td>
|
||
<td box="[743,784,429,448]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">0.06</td>
|
||
<td box="[944,1002,429,448]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">‾0.04</td>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1144,1386,429,448]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<td box="[1144,1185,429,448]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">0.61</td>
|
||
<td box="[1345,1386,429,448]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">0.40</td>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1428,464,484]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<td box="[112,233,464,484]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">vent marking</td>
|
||
<td box="[743,800,465,484]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">‾0.11</td>
|
||
<td box="[944,1002,465,484]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">‾0.12</td>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1144,1386,465,484]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<td box="[1144,1185,465,484]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">0.53</td>
|
||
<td box="[1345,1386,465,484]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">0.37</td>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1428,500,520]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<td box="[112,164,500,520]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">malar</td>
|
||
<td box="[743,801,501,520]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
‾
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[760,801,501,520]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">0.34</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[944,1002,501,520]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
‾
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[961,1002,501,520]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">0.37</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[1144,1185,501,520]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">0.01</td>
|
||
<td box="[1345,1404,501,520]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
‾
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1363,1404,501,520]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">0.15</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1428,537,556]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<td box="[112,159,537,556]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">rump</td>
|
||
<td box="[743,784,537,556]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[743,784,537,556]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">0.37</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[944,1002,537,556]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
‾
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[961,1002,537,556]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">0.24</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[1144,1185,537,556]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">0.01</td>
|
||
<td box="[1345,1404,537,556]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
‾
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1363,1404,537,556]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">0.24</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1428,572,592]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<td box="[112,173,572,592]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">tertials</td>
|
||
<td box="[743,784,573,592]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[743,784,573,592]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">0.33</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[944,1002,573,592]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
‾
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[961,1002,573,592]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">0.25</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[1144,1203,573,592]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">‾0.19</td>
|
||
<td box="[1345,1386,573,592]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1345,1386,573,592]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">0.20</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1428,608,628]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<td box="[112,305,608,628]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">upperparts darkness</td>
|
||
<td box="[743,784,609,628]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[743,784,609,628]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">0.18</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[944,1002,609,628]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">‾0.07</td>
|
||
<td box="[1144,1203,608,628]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
‾
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1162,1386,608,628]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
0.39
|
||
<td box="[1345,1386,609,628]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">0.51</td>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1428,644,663]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<td box="[112,254,644,663]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">upperparts hue</td>
|
||
<td box="[743,784,644,663]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[743,784,644,663]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">0.42</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[944,1002,644,663]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
‾
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[961,1002,644,663]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">0.17</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[1144,1203,644,663]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">‾0.05</td>
|
||
<td box="[1345,1386,644,663]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">0.09</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1428,679,699]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<td box="[112,364,679,699]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">secondary coverts spotting</td>
|
||
<td box="[743,784,679,699]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[743,784,679,699]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">0.36</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[944,1002,680,699]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">‾0.08</td>
|
||
<td box="[1144,1185,680,699]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1144,1185,680,699]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">0.21</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[1345,1404,680,699]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
‾
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1363,1404,680,699]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">0.31</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1428,715,735]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<td box="[112,157,715,735]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">lores</td>
|
||
<td box="[743,784,716,735]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[743,784,716,735]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">0.25</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[944,1002,716,735]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
‾
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[961,1002,716,735]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">0.15</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[1144,1203,716,735]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">‾0.07</td>
|
||
<td box="[1345,1386,716,735]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1345,1386,716,735]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">0.33</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1428,751,771]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<td box="[112,224,751,771]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">eigenvalues</td>
|
||
<td box="[743,784,752,771]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">1.90</td>
|
||
<td box="[944,985,752,771]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">1.68</td>
|
||
<td box="[1144,1185,752,771]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">1.25</td>
|
||
<td box="[1345,1386,752,771]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">1.18</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1428,787,807]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<td box="[112,412,787,807]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">percent total variance explained</td>
|
||
<td box="[743,795,788,807]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">27.84</td>
|
||
<td box="[944,996,788,807]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">21.70</td>
|
||
<td box="[1144,1196,788,807]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">11.94</td>
|
||
<td box="[1345,1398,788,807]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">10.70</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSection pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="multiple">
|
||
<caption pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Variables deemed most important in bold italic, those of somewhat lesser importance in bold only, and those not considered important in regular font. See
|
||
<tableCitation box="[98,167,864,884]" captionStart="Table 6" captionStartId="16.[98,152,208,226]" captionTargetBox="[98,1504,250,1290]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Table 6. Plumage scores for six Asian Muscicapa taxa presented as mean ± SD with sample size (n) in parentheses." pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Table 6</tableCitation>
|
||
for more details. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0112657.t007
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Speckled throat grades into profusely streaked breast, which grades into more uniform brown breast sides and flanks, and less profusely streaked belly, especially center of belly. Flanks browner, less distinctly streaked than belly sides, and center of lower belly unmarked white. Ground color of entire underparts white. Vent unmarked white. Feathers of lower tibia white.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Mantle as nape. Feathers of back (below mantle) mostly lost during preparation due to shot damage, but same color as mantle. Rump and uppertail coverts plain gray-brown, as mantle. Primaries plain dark brown, darker than body plumage. Tertials paler, especially the outer webs. Secondaries as primaries but with very narrow pale edgings.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Marginal coverts (leading wing edge coverts; [30]) mixed dark brown and white. All upperwing coverts dark gray-brown with indistinct, broad pale grayer edges. Tail uniform drab dark brown, slightly paler and grayer on proximal outer feathers.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Soft part colors (from freshly dead specimen): Iris dark brown, narrow orbital ring black; bill black, basal third of lower mandible pale yellowish-cream; tarsi brownish-black, toepads grayish-tan, claws black.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph box="[523,936,1749,1779]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<heading box="[523,936,1749,1779]" fontSize="13" level="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="1">Measurements of holotype</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Body weight 12.5 g; culmen from feathers 10.3 mm, wing length (flattened) 64 mm, tarsus 12.5 mm, tail 44.0 mm.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="19" pageNumber="20" targetBox="[529,1379,201,1528]" targetPageId="19">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[523,1170,1568,1587]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figure 5. Sonagrams of the new species and related Asian taxa.</emphasis>
|
||
Localities, recordists, and catalog number (if any): new species, Baku Bakulu, Sulawesi, P.C.R./J.B.C.H., AV17423–17428; successive strophes from the same individual;
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[767,892,1618,1638]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ferruginea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[767,892,1618,1638]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">M. ferruginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Nantou, Taiwan, S. Severinghaus, ML 13910;
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Hamut, Luzon, B. Demeulemeester" authorityName="Hamut, Luzon, B. Demeulemeester" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="randi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1340,1417,1618,1638]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">M. randi</emphasis>
|
||
, Hamut, Luzon, B. Demeulemeester
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, AV 14197, 14368;
|
||
<emphasis box="[968,1018,1643,1663]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">M. d.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1023,1146,1643,1663]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="siamensis">
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1053,1146,1644,1663]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">siamensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Cambodia, D. Farrow, XC 49755;
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kandy" authorityName="Kandy" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="muttui">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">M. muttui</emphasis>
|
||
, Kandy
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Sri Lanka, D. Warakagoda, AV 6672;
|
||
<emphasis box="[1016,1144,1670,1688]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1016,1144,1670,1688]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griseisticta">M. griseisticta</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, Russia, B. Veprintsev, ML 100139;
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
M. s.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="H. Ueda" authorityName="H. Ueda" box="[523,682,1694,1714]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">sibirica, H. Ueda</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Sumba, J. Eaton." authorityName="Sumba, J. Eaton." box="[693,994,1694,1714]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="segregata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[693,816,1695,1714]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">M. segregata</emphasis>
|
||
, Sumba, J. Eaton.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption box="[523,824,1743,1763]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<paragraph box="[523,824,1743,1763]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0112657.g005</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption box="[98,1084,364,384]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" targetBox="[98,1793,407,1743]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="20">
|
||
<paragraph box="[98,1084,364,384]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[98,176,365,384]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Table 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements of songs of the new species of
|
||
<emphasis box="[626,727,365,384]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[626,727,365,384]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Muscicapa</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and closely related Asian congeners.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<table box="[98,1793,407,1743]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<tr box="[98,1793,407,527]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[112,363,458,527]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<td box="[112,192,508,527]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Variable</td>
|
||
<td box="[266,392,458,527]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
new species(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[350,363,483,502]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">n</emphasis>
|
||
=
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
1 individual)
|
||
<td box="[420,561,433,527]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[420,561,433,452]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[420,561,433,452]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griseisticta">M. griseisticta</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[427,440,458,477]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">n</emphasis>
|
||
=
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
1 individual; Russia)
|
||
<td box="[592,735,433,527]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[592,735,433,452]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
M. d.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[648,735,433,452]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dauurica">dauurica</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[599,612,458,477]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">n</emphasis>
|
||
=
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
1 individual; Japan)
|
||
<td box="[763,1051,407,527]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[763,812,407,426]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">M. d.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="siamensis">
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[763,1017,433,452]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
siamensis
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[935,1017,433,452]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="randi">M. randi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[770,783,458,477]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">n</emphasis>
|
||
=
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[801,955,458,477]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
1 (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[942,955,458,477]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">n</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
=
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
2–3 individual; individuals; Cambodia) Luzon)
|
||
<td box="[1107,1236,433,527]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1107,1236,433,452]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1107,1236,433,452]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="segregata">M. segregata</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1113,1126,458,477]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">n</emphasis>
|
||
=
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
2 individuals; Sumba)
|
||
<td box="[1278,1406,433,527]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1278,1406,433,452]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
M. s.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1333,1406,433,452]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">sibirica</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1285,1298,458,477]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">n</emphasis>
|
||
=
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
1 individual; Japan)
|
||
<td box="[1450,1566,433,527]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1450,1544,433,452]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="muttui">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1450,1544,433,452]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">M. muttui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1457,1469,458,477]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">n</emphasis>
|
||
=
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
1–2 individuals; Sri Lanka)
|
||
<td box="[1621,1754,433,527]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1621,1754,433,452]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ferruginea">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1621,1754,433,452]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">M. ferruginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1628,1641,458,477]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">n</emphasis>
|
||
=
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">3–4 individuals; Taiwan)</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1793,540,614]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<td box="[112,199,545,588]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Max note f (kHz)</td>
|
||
<td box="[266,391,544,614]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">8090.8± 877.5 (5995– 10183; 76)</td>
|
||
<td box="[420,566,544,614]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">4912.8± 3 1601.7 (2138– 7736; 27)</td>
|
||
<td box="[592,738,544,614]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">5717.4± 3 1681.3 (2315– 8725; 37)</td>
|
||
<td box="[763,1079,544,614]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">7130.0± 6696.4± 3 3 1187.0 (3849– 1186.0 (3469– 8954; 46) 8603; 83)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1107,1252,544,614]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">6125.2± 3 1898.5 (2257– 8694; 43)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1278,1412,544,614]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">4437.3± 3 670.2 (3440– 5447; 21)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1450,1595,544,614]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">7422.6± 1 1204.5 (3989– 8973; 23)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1621,1780,540,588]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">3 6382.7±1795.8 (3214–9199; 26)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1793,627,700]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<td box="[112,193,630,675]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Min note f (kHz)</td>
|
||
<td box="[266,391,631,700]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">7221.1± 598.1 (5745– 9058; 76)</td>
|
||
<td box="[420,554,631,700]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">3117.6± 3 877.4 (1887– 5472; 27)</td>
|
||
<td box="[592,738,631,700]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">4835.6± 3 1978.7 (2026– 8353; 37)</td>
|
||
<td box="[763,1081,631,700]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">4401.0± 5118.3± 3 3 1230.0 (2176– 1288.9 (2891– 7029; 46) 8019; 83)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1107,1252,631,700]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">5151.8± 3 1784.1 (1715– 8226; 43)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1278,1411,631,700]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">3176.8± 3 361.9 (2711– 3774; 21)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1450,1595,631,700]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">6195.4± 3 1318.7 (2357– 8402; 23)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1621,1780,627,675]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">1 5663.7±2070.7 (2729–8970; 26)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1793,713,786]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<td box="[112,216,716,761]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">f (kHz) of max power</td>
|
||
<td box="[266,391,717,786]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">7911.8± 797.9 (5995– 10120; 75)</td>
|
||
<td box="[420,564,717,786]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">4172.3± 3 1166.4 (2103– 7044; 29)</td>
|
||
<td box="[592,738,717,786]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">5356.8± 3 1740.1 (2150– 8600; 37)</td>
|
||
<td box="[763,1081,717,786]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">5483.9± 5831.7± 3 3 943.1 (3389– 1377.3 (1620– 7364; 46) 8113; 81)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1107,1241,717,786]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">5589.6± 3 1980.6 (468– 8501; 43)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1278,1412,717,786]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">3625.1± 3 487.8 (2962– 4744; 18)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1450,1594,717,786]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">6919.1± 3 1158.1 (3604– 8490; 22)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1621,1780,713,761]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">3 6267.9±1839.3 (2923–9108; 28)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1793,799,873]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<td box="[112,207,803,873]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Max note bandwidth (kHz)</td>
|
||
<td box="[266,368,803,873]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">1033.7± 828.3 (20– 3622; 79)</td>
|
||
<td box="[420,554,803,873]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">2350.3± 3 1686.8 (188– 6164; 55)</td>
|
||
<td box="[592,722,803,873]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">881.8± ns 643.5 (165– 3019; 37)</td>
|
||
<td box="[763,1067,803,873]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">3028.8± 1768.8± 3 3 1663.0 (1004– 1322.3 (112– 6276; 56) 4811; 128)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1107,1237,803,873]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">1035.6± ns 720.2 (255– 3370; 53)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1278,1408,803,873]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">1260.5± ns 513.5 (574– 2198; 21)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1450,1593,803,873]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">1288.2± ns 779.6 (176–2691; 24)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1621,1788,799,847]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">ns 1050.5±1356.9 (68–6532; 28)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1793,886,934]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<td box="[112,208,889,934]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21"># of note repetitions</td>
|
||
<td box="[266,363,890,934]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">1.7±2.0 (1–12; 45)</td>
|
||
<td box="[420,517,886,934]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">ns 1.2±0.6 (1–4; 25)</td>
|
||
<td box="[592,688,886,934]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">ns 2.0±2.4 (1–11; 18)</td>
|
||
<td box="[763,1032,886,934]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">2 1 2.4±2.6 2.3±2.2 (1–11; 19) (1–10; 37)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1107,1195,886,934]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">2 3.4±2.6 (1–7; 17)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1278,1375,886,934]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">ns 1.6±0.9 (1–3; 15)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1450,1529,890,934]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">2.9±2.1 (1–7; 8)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1621,1791,889,909]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">3.2±3.4 (1–11; 9)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1793,947,1020]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<td box="[112,202,950,1020]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21"># of elements/ motif</td>
|
||
<td box="[266,363,951,995]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">3.3±2.8 (1–13; 80)</td>
|
||
<td box="[420,517,947,995]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">1 3.8±2.3 (1–10; 35)</td>
|
||
<td box="[592,689,947,995]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">3 5.4±3.3 (1–15; 54)</td>
|
||
<td box="[763,1032,947,995]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">ns ns 3.6±2.6 3.6±2.5 (1–11; 25) (1–10; 90)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1107,1203,947,995]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">2 6.3±4.9 (1–17; 19)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1278,1375,947,995]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">ns 2.9±2.0 (1–7; 12)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1450,1535,951,995]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">7.8±6.3 (1–20; 9)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1621,1776,947,995]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">2 4.9±3.4 (1–13; 31)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1793,1036,1081]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<td box="[112,222,1036,1081]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21"># of motifs/ strophe</td>
|
||
<td box="[266,349,1037,1081]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">6.6±3.6 (2–11; 8)</td>
|
||
<td box="[420,500,1037,1081]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">5.5±0.7 (5–6; 2)</td>
|
||
<td box="[592,687,1037,1081]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">14.0±4.2 (11–17; 2)</td>
|
||
<td box="[763,1032,1037,1081]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">4.8±2.5 4.7±2.6 (1–7; 5) (2–10; 19)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1107,1186,1037,1081]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">6.3±1.7 (4–8; 4)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1278,1358,1037,1081]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">5.3±0.6 (5–6; 3)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1450,1529,1037,1081]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">3.3±1.5 (2–5; 3)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1621,1793,1036,1056]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">5.5±3.0 (3–10; 6)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1793,1097,1142]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<td box="[112,238,1097,1142]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21"># of note types/strophe</td>
|
||
<td box="[266,351,1098,1142]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">8.3±4.0 (2–13; 9)</td>
|
||
<td box="[420,523,1098,1142]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">17.3±15.7 (5–35; 3)</td>
|
||
<td box="[592,689,1098,1142]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">17.3±3.7 (13–23; 6)</td>
|
||
<td box="[763,1032,1098,1142]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">5.0±3.0 6.6±2.7 (2–9; 5) (2–12; 18)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1107,1203,1098,1142]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">7.2±3.0 (3–15; 17)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1278,1358,1098,1142]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">7.0±1.4 (6–8; 2)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1450,1529,1098,1142]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">4.0±1.8 (2–6; 4)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1621,1767,1097,1142]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">7.3±5.1 (1–16; 15)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1793,1155,1229]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<td box="[112,199,1158,1178]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Note l (s)</td>
|
||
<td box="[266,360,1159,1229]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.1±0.1 (0.01–0.5; 75)</td>
|
||
<td box="[420,552,1155,1203]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">1 0.06±0.03 (0.01–0.2; 27)</td>
|
||
<td box="[592,724,1155,1203]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">3 0.04±0.04 (0.01–0.2; 37)</td>
|
||
<td box="[763,1067,1155,1203]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">ns ns 0.1±0.9 0. 1±0.1 (0.01–0.3; 46) (0.02–0.4; 82)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1107,1218,1155,1229]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">3 0.04±0.04 (0.004–0.2; 43)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1278,1410,1155,1203]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">ns 0.1±0.04 (0.01–0.2; 21)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1450,1581,1155,1203]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">3 0.04±0.04 (0.01–0.2; 23)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1621,1753,1155,1203]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">1 0.1±0.1 (0.02–0.2; 26)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1793,1242,1290]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<td box="[112,210,1246,1290]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Internote interval (s)</td>
|
||
<td box="[266,386,1246,1290]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.05±0.1 (0.0–0.7; 59)</td>
|
||
<td box="[420,540,1242,1290]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">ns 0.03±0.03 (0.0–0.2; 27)</td>
|
||
<td box="[592,712,1242,1290]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">ns 0.03±0.03 (0.0–0.1; 29)</td>
|
||
<td box="[763,1055,1242,1290]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">1 ns 0.1±0.2 (0.01– 0.03±0.03 0.9; 34) (0.0–0.1; 59)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1107,1227,1242,1290]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">ns 0.02±0.02 (0.0–0.1; 35)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1278,1410,1242,1290]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">ns 0.04±0.03 (0.01–0.1; 15)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1450,1581,1242,1290]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">ns 0.05±0.06 (0.04–0.2; 21)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1621,1788,1242,1290]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">2 0.02±0.02 (0.0– 0.1; 23)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1793,1303,1351]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<td box="[112,210,1306,1351]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Intermotif interval (s)</td>
|
||
<td box="[266,398,1307,1351]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.3±0.4 (0.01–2.0; 68)</td>
|
||
<td box="[420,552,1303,1351]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">ns 0.1±0.1 (0.03–0.4; 28)</td>
|
||
<td box="[592,724,1303,1351]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">3 0.2±0.1 (0.01–0.6; 50)</td>
|
||
<td box="[763,1055,1303,1351]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">ns 3 0.3±0.3 0.1±0.1 (0.05–1.2; 17) (0.0–0.4; 72)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1107,1227,1303,1351]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">3 0.1±0.1 (0,0–0.2; 17)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1278,1410,1303,1351]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">ns 0.2±0.2 (0.01–0.5; 12)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1450,1558,1307,1351]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.6±0.4 (0.1–1.1; 7)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1621,1784,1303,1351]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">ns 0.3±0.4 (0.02– 2.2; 25)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1793,1364,1412]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<td box="[112,185,1367,1412]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Strophe l (s)</td>
|
||
<td box="[266,398,1368,1412]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">6.0±2.6 (2.4–10.8; 10)</td>
|
||
<td box="[420,540,1368,1412]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">5.0±6.1 (1.4–12.1; 3)</td>
|
||
<td box="[592,712,1368,1412]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">14.1±13.9 (4.3–35.8; 5)</td>
|
||
<td box="[763,1055,1364,1412]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">3 2.9±1.8 (0.4– 2.1±0.9 5.0; 6) (0.6–4.1; 18)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1107,1238,1364,1412]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">2 3.3±2.9 (1.5–13.3; 17)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1278,1386,1368,1412]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">3.0±0.7 (2.3–3.7; 3)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1450,1570,1368,1412]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">12.0±20.6 (1.6–23.1; 5)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1621,1746,1364,1412]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">1 5.1±7.8 0.7–31.1; 14)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1793,1428,1473]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<td box="[112,223,1428,1473]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Interstrophe interval (s)</td>
|
||
<td box="[266,374,1429,1473]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">4.6±2.3 (2.2–9.0; 9)</td>
|
||
<td box="[420,482,1428,1448]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">3.0 (1)</td>
|
||
<td box="[592,700,1429,1473]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">3.3±2.1 (1.6–6.1; 5)</td>
|
||
<td box="[763,1067,1428,1473]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">4.7±3.3 (1.9– 5.7±2.8 9.5; 4) (2.9–13.9; 16)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1107,1227,1429,1473]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">4.4±1.5 (1.6–7.6; 15)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1278,1398,1429,1473]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">8.0±3.2 (5.7–10.3; 2)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1450,1558,1429,1473]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">4.3±0.4 (4.0–4.6; 2)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1621,1740,1429,1473]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">5.2±3.3 (1.9–11.9; 9)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1793,1486,1534]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<td box="[112,172,1489,1534]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Clarity (0–10)</td>
|
||
<td box="[266,351,1490,1534]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">3.6±2.5 (1–9; 75)</td>
|
||
<td box="[420,509,1486,1534]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">3 4.9±1.9 (2–8; 29)</td>
|
||
<td box="[592,680,1486,1534]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">1 4.0±1.6 (2–7; 37)</td>
|
||
<td box="[763,1032,1486,1534]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">ns 1 4.1±2.3 (1– 4.2±2.5 10; 46) (0–10; 75)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1107,1203,1486,1534]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">ns 3.6±1.7 (1–9; 43)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1278,1367,1486,1534]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">3 7.0±1.7 (3–9; 21)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1450,1538,1486,1534]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">2 5.7±2.7 (2–9; 21)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1621,1709,1486,1534]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">1 4.8±2.1 (2–8; 28)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1793,1547,1595]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<td box="[112,214,1550,1595]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Modulation (0–10)</td>
|
||
<td box="[266,363,1551,1595]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">4.3±3.0 (0–10; 75)</td>
|
||
<td box="[420,509,1547,1595]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">3 6.6±2.1 (3–9; 28)</td>
|
||
<td box="[592,688,1547,1595]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">ns 4.0±2.8 (0–9; 37)</td>
|
||
<td box="[763,1032,1547,1595]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">3 ns 7.5±2.9 (0–10; 5.3±3.4 42) (0–10; 76)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1107,1195,1547,1595]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">3 2.0±2.7 (0–8; 43)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1278,1375,1547,1595]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">ns 4.3±3.0 (0–8; 12)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1450,1546,1547,1595]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">ns 4.0±2.8 (1–9; 12)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1621,1718,1547,1595]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">ns 5.4±1.7 (2–8; 19)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1793,1608,1656]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<td box="[112,208,1611,1656]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21"># of harmonics</td>
|
||
<td box="[266,351,1612,1656]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">0.2±0.5 (0–3; 74)</td>
|
||
<td box="[420,517,1608,1656]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">ns 0.4±0.8 (0–4; 28)</td>
|
||
<td box="[592,680,1608,1656]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">3 0.7±0.9 (0–4; 37)</td>
|
||
<td box="[763,1031,1608,1656]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">ns ns 0.3±0.7 (0–4; 0.2±0.4 46) (0–1; 83)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1107,1203,1608,1656]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">3 3.4±4.9 (0–20; 43)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1278,1375,1608,1656]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">ns 0.2±0.4 (0–1; 21)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1450,1536,1608,1656]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">3 1.1±1.3 (0–5; 23)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1621,1686,1608,1631]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">1 0 (27)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1793,1669,1743]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<td box="[112,201,1673,1743]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Harmonic strength (0–10)</td>
|
||
<td box="[266,351,1673,1718]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">2.5±1.2 (1–5; 14)</td>
|
||
<td box="[420,500,1673,1718]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">4.7±1.7 (1–6; 9)</td>
|
||
<td box="[592,688,1669,1718]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">ns 2.4±0.9 (1–4; 18)</td>
|
||
<td box="[763,1032,1669,1718]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">ns 3.1±1.9 (1–6; 9) 3.7±2.8 (1–10; 14)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1107,1195,1669,1718]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">1 3.6±1.2 (2–7; 19)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1278,1358,1673,1718]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">3.5±1.9 (1–5; 4)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1450,1538,1669,1718]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">2 4.7±2.2 (1–7; 17)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1621,1633,1674,1692]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<table box="[120,689,245,1901]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<tr box="[120,689,245,378]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<td box="[188,283,245,378]" colspan="2" colspanLeft="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[188,207,245,347]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ferruginea">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[188,207,245,347]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">ferruginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
4 – 3individuals) Taiwan.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
=
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[188,232,358,378]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[188,232,358,378]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">M n</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[296,344,258,378]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">ns) 21.7 23; ± 90 – 75.2 20 (</td>
|
||
<td box="[386,430,275,378]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">) 54.8 6; ± 100 50.0 – 0 (</td>
|
||
<td box="[494,542,281,378]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">ns) 1.7 20; ± 9 – 4.9 3 (</td>
|
||
<td box="[555,603,281,378]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">ns) 1.3 28; ± 7 – 4.3 2 (</td>
|
||
<td box="[616,664,281,378]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">) ns 28 2.2; ± 10 – 7.1 2 (</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[120,689,430,549]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<td box="[188,283,433,549]" colspan="2" colspanLeft="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[188,207,455,519]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="muttui">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[188,207,455,519]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">muttui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
2 Lanka.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[188,207,529,549]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">M</emphasis>
|
||
– 1
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
=
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[213,283,438,549]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[213,232,530,542]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">n</emphasis>
|
||
(individuals Sri
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[296,344,430,549]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">ns) 22.2 20; ± 90 – 72.0 20 (</td>
|
||
<td box="[385,405,493,549]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">) 1 (50</td>
|
||
<td box="[494,542,453,549]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">ns) 1.4 12; ± 7 – 4.3 2 (</td>
|
||
<td box="[558,603,470,549]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">2.1) 8; ± 8 – 5.3 2 (</td>
|
||
<td box="[616,664,453,549]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">) ns 23 1.8; ± 10 – 6.6 4 (</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[120,689,593,892]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<td box="[188,283,593,892]" colspan="2" colspanLeft="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[188,207,593,666]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[188,207,593,666]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[188,207,678,721]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">s. M</emphasis>
|
||
1
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
=
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[213,232,701,714]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">n</emphasis>
|
||
(individual Japan;
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[188,207,763,862]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="segregata">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[188,207,763,862]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">segregata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
2individuals) Sumba.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
=
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[188,232,872,892]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[188,232,872,892]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">M n</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[295,344,609,892]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">2) 25.8 15; ± 80 – 37.3 20 (– 2 (1 17.7) ± 40; 78.3 10</td>
|
||
<td box="[385,430,665,892]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">) 2 (80) 19.8 15; ± 90 – 59.0 20 (</td>
|
||
<td box="[494,542,625,892]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">ns) 1.4 13; ± 7 – 4.5 3 (ns) 1.1 43; ± 8 – 5.5 3 (</td>
|
||
<td box="[555,603,641,892]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">0.9) 5; ± 5 – 4.6 3 (ns) 1.7 17; ± 7 4.4 – 1 (</td>
|
||
<td box="[616,664,624,892]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">) ns 21 2.0; ± 10 – 6.3 4 () ns 42 2.4; ± 10 – 6.7 2 (</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[120,689,944,1064]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<td box="[188,283,948,1064]" colspan="2" colspanLeft="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
3)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[188,207,982,1034]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[188,207,982,1034]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="randi">randi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
– 2individuals Luzon.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
=
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[188,232,1044,1064]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[188,232,1044,1064]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">M n</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[296,344,944,1064]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">) ns 71 26.9; 100 ± – 66.5 20 (</td>
|
||
<td box="[386,430,956,1064]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">) 34.1 15; ± 100 27.0 – 0 (</td>
|
||
<td box="[494,542,967,1064]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">) ns 79 2.5; ± 10 – 5.7 2 (</td>
|
||
<td box="[555,603,968,1064]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">ns) 1.7 76; ± 9 – 3.9 1 (</td>
|
||
<td box="[616,664,967,1064]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">) ns 83 2.3; ± 10 6.9 – 1 (</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[120,689,1115,1901]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<td box="[120,139,1766,1901]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
. Cont.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
8 Table
|
||
<td box="[163,283,1127,1887]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
;). cf.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[163,207,1134,1236]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
d.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[163,207,1134,1236]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="siamensis">M siamensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
1 =
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[213,232,1216,1229]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">n</emphasis>
|
||
(individual Cambodia
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[188,207,1264,1351]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[188,207,1264,1351]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dauurica">dauurica</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
;).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[188,207,1363,1407]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">d. M</emphasis>
|
||
1
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
=
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[213,232,1388,1400]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">n</emphasis>
|
||
(individual Japan;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[188,207,1438,1548]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[188,207,1438,1548]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griseisticta">griseisticta</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
1individual) Russia.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
=
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[188,257,1559,1619]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[188,232,1559,1579]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">M n</emphasis>
|
||
(1
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
=
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[239,257,1636,1649]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">n</emphasis>
|
||
(new species individual Variable
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[296,369,1115,1887]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">) ns 23 32.8; ± 100 – 57.8 10 (– 2 (ns 24.9 ±) 32 61.3; 9 – 2 (ns 18.9 ±) 28 54.3; 9) 65 31.0; ± 100 – 61.2 10 () % to (note Note similarity next</td>
|
||
<td box="[385,481,1127,1888]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">) 4 32.8; ± 100 – 71.3 30 () 4 5.0; ± 80 – 77.5 70 () 1 (75 23.6) 8; ± 60 27.6 – 0 (to strophe Strophe similarity next) % (</td>
|
||
<td box="[494,542,1139,1888]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">) ns 42 3.7; ± 10 – 4.9 0 () ns 37 1.9; ± 10 – 4.6 2 (ns) 2.6 29; ± 9 – 4.6 1 () 63 2.0; ± 10 5.3 – 1 (trend f) 10 Note – 0 (</td>
|
||
<td box="[554,603,1141,1888]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">ns) 1.9 20; ± 7 – 4.1 1 (ns) 2.1 50; ± 9 – 4.8 1 () 2 30 2.1; ± 10 – 5.7 2 () 76 2.3; ± 10 – 4.4 0 (trend f) 10 Motif – 0 (</td>
|
||
<td box="[616,689,1139,1888]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">) 3 46 1.7; ± 10 – 8.2 1 () ns 37 2.6; ± 10 6.1 – 1 () ns 28 2.2; ± 10 – 6.4 1 () 76 2.5; ± 10 – 6.4 0 (max) Relative amplitude10 – 0 (</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph box="[722,766,185,284]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Frequency other the</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph box="[721,766,274,298]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">. for</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph box="[721,766,292,358]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">scored SD</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph box="[722,766,340,382]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">or after</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph box="[721,766,387,501]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">measured superscripts</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph box="[722,766,486,532]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">were as</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph box="[721,766,536,620]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">variable indicated</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph box="[721,766,615,667]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">the of taxa</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph box="[721,766,672,762]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">instances and other</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph box="[722,766,767,838]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">many species</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph box="[721,741,823,862]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">how</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph box="[721,766,845,883]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">is new</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph box="[721,766,888,926]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">field the</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph box="[721,766,925,1004]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">each in between</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph box="[722,766,1004,1016]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis box="[722,741,1004,1015]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">n</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph box="[721,741,1021,1094]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">studied;</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph box="[721,741,1099,1197]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">recordings</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph box="[746,766,1016,1153]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Mann-Whitney</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph box="[746,766,1153,1210]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">(tests</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph box="[721,741,1203,1219]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">in</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
individuals significance size 10. <of for number is P-values sample to name in s. due taxon are no test under measures indicates 008 t listed time.);,
|
||
<emphasis box="[722,741,1675,1716]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">n n</emphasis>
|
||
in, kHz; superscript pone. 0112657 range (SD are 0.5 p>;; no;. journal ± Mean () f measures ns: = taxon1 0.05 ≤ p = 2 0.01 = p ≤ 3 p 0.001 ≤ = / doi 10.1371: doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0112657.g006
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption box="[98,1152,724,743]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" targetBox="[103,1166,201,684]" targetPageId="22">
|
||
<paragraph box="[98,1152,724,743]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Figure 6. Principal components analysis of measurements of song characters for Asian
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[990,1097,724,743]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[990,1097,724,743]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Muscicapa</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
taxa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph box="[523,661,836,866]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<heading box="[523,661,836,866]" fontSize="13" level="3" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="1">Paratype</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
MZB.Ornit.33.530, unsexed adult (gonads destroyed by pellet), collected 25 Jun 2012 (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[604,707,921,948]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="24.[523,588,883,902]" captionTargetBox="[523,851,197,849]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[523,854,197,849]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 8. Photographs of the type specimens of the new species. (a) ventral view; (b) dorsal view; (c) lateral view. The paratype is above and the holotype is below in all photographs. doi: 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0112657. g 008" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figure 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). No brood patch; no cloacal protuberance. Skull 100% pneumatized; no bursa; no enlarged gape flanges. Little fat; stomach full with several hard, rough, black, 2×2 mm seeds, beetle elytra, and other insect parts (contents saved in alcohol). Relatively large tapeworm found in pieces in abdominal cavity saved in alcohol. No head molt but body molt light, and molt present in primaries, secondaries, and rectrices. Collected by the Prawiradilaga field party; prepared by Pamela C. Rasmussen, field number LL-PCR-2012-014. Body weight 12.0 g; culmen from feathers 11 mm, wing length (flattened) 62 mm, tarsus 13.4 mm, tail 44.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph box="[523,945,1307,1338]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<heading box="[523,945,1307,1338]" fontSize="13" level="3" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="1">Variation in the type series</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">The holotype is in worn plumage and was not molting, while the paratype was molting but mostly in fresh plumage. Differences in color and pattern are striking in direct comparison—the holotype is much browner above, the paratype much grayer. The holotype lacks distinct pale edges to tertials and secondaries, while the paratype has distinct buff edges to all these, narrow on secondaries and broader on tertials. The holotype has indistinct brown streaking from breast to flanks, with a white center of belly and vent; the throat brown-spotted, most densely on chin and least on lower central throat. The paratype has the same pattern below but the streaks below are bolder, grayer, and broader. The paratype (unlike the holotype) was prepared with one wing partially spread, and its primary underwing coverts are heavily dark streaked, looking mostly dark. The undersides of the primaries and secondaries are dark brown (paler in old feathers) with broad pale tan</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">edgings, narrowest near tips. Both have similar face patterns, but while there is a narrow pale grizzled area over the bill that meets in the center in the holotype, this Variables deemed most important in bold italic, those of somewhat lesser importance in bold only, and those not considered important in regular font. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0112657.t009</paragraph>
|
||
<caption box="[98,1325,207,226]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" targetBox="[98,1399,250,663]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="23">
|
||
<paragraph box="[98,1325,207,226]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[98,176,207,226]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Table 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Component loadings for principal components analysis of measurements of individual notes of Asian
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1138,1239,208,226]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1138,1239,208,226]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Muscicapa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<table box="[98,1399,250,663]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<tr box="[98,1399,250,269]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[112,1399,250,269]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<td box="[112,192,250,269]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Variable</td>
|
||
<td box="[858,940,250,269]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Factor 1</td>
|
||
<td box="[1087,1170,250,269]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Factor 2</td>
|
||
<td box="[1317,1399,250,269]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Factor 3</td>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1399,285,305]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<td box="[112,350,285,305]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Maximum note frequency</td>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[858,1128,285,305]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<td box="[858,899,285,305]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[858,899,285,305]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">0.91</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[1087,1128,286,305]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">0.33</td>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<td box="[1317,1358,286,305]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">0.07</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1399,321,341]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<td box="[112,344,321,341]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Minimum note frequency</td>
|
||
<td box="[858,899,321,341]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[858,899,321,341]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">0.97</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[1087,1146,322,341]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">‾0.12</td>
|
||
<td box="[1317,1375,322,341]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">‾0.02</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1399,357,377]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<td box="[112,414,357,377]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Maximum note power frequency</td>
|
||
<td box="[858,899,357,377]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[858,899,357,377]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">0.95</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[1087,1128,357,376]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">0.13</td>
|
||
<td box="[1317,1358,357,376]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">0.04</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1399,393,412]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<td box="[112,171,393,412]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Clarity</td>
|
||
<td box="[858,916,393,412]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
‾
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[875,1128,393,412]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
0.21
|
||
<td box="[1087,1128,393,412]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1087,1128,393,412]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">0.75</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[1317,1358,393,412]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">0.14</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1399,429,448]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<td box="[112,220,429,448]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Note length</td>
|
||
<td box="[858,899,429,448]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">0.10</td>
|
||
<td box="[1087,1128,429,448]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1087,1128,429,448]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">0.63</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[1317,1375,429,448]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
‾
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1334,1375,429,448]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">0.47</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1399,464,484]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<td box="[112,260,464,484]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Note repetitions</td>
|
||
<td box="[858,899,465,484]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[858,899,465,484]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">0.24</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[1087,1146,464,484]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
‾
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1105,1358,464,484]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1105,1146,464,484]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">0.61</emphasis>
|
||
<td box="[1317,1358,465,484]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">0.39</td>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1399,500,520]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<td box="[112,259,500,520]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Note bandwidth</td>
|
||
<td box="[858,916,501,520]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
‾
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[875,1358,501,520]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
0.15
|
||
<td box="[1087,1128,501,520]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">0.31</td>
|
||
<td box="[1317,1358,501,520]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1317,1358,501,520]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">0.53</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1399,536,556]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<td box="[112,273,536,556]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">No. of harmonics</td>
|
||
<td box="[858,916,537,556]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">‾0.05</td>
|
||
<td box="[1087,1144,537,556]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">‾0.11</td>
|
||
<td box="[1317,1375,537,556]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
‾
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1334,1375,537,556]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">0.44</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1399,572,592]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<td box="[112,310,572,592]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Note frequency trend</td>
|
||
<td box="[858,899,573,592]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">0.08</td>
|
||
<td box="[1087,1146,573,592]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
‾
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1105,1146,573,592]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">0.34</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[1317,1375,573,592]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
‾
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1334,1375,573,592]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">0.54</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1399,608,628]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<td box="[112,226,608,628]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Eigenvalues</td>
|
||
<td box="[858,899,609,628]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">2.82</td>
|
||
<td box="[1087,1128,609,628]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">1.68</td>
|
||
<td box="[1317,1358,609,628]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">1.17</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1399,644,663]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<td box="[112,415,644,663]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Percent total variance explained</td>
|
||
<td box="[858,910,644,663]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">31.33</td>
|
||
<td box="[1087,1140,644,663]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">18.66</td>
|
||
<td box="[1317,1369,644,663]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">13.04</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">pale area is interrupted by the bill base in the paratype. The lower face (below plain auriculars) is blotchy, in the holotype with no discernible pale</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">submoustachial and darker malar area, while in the paratype there is a moderately marked paler submoustachial and dark malar. Mantle feathers when fresh (as in the paratype) look uniform/monotone but actually have broad pale edges/tips on both sides then diffuse dark blotches. When worn (as in the holotype) the pale edges disappear and the feathers are then dark-tipped. Secondary greater coverts are vaguely paler tan-edged in fresh plumage (as in the paratype), not prominently as on secondaries and tertials. In worn plumage (as in the holotype), the wing feathers are much more uniform but the primaries look distinctly darker than the tertials, which wear to medium-pale brown, especially on the lateral webs.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption pageId="23" pageNumber="24" targetBox="[529,1156,1077,1712]" targetPageId="23">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figure 7. Neighbor-joining phylogram topology with bootstrap values for node support given for neighbor-joining, maximum-parsimony and maximum-likelihood analyses in the same order.</emphasis>
|
||
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0112657.g007
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="24" pageNumber="25" targetBox="[523,851,197,849]" targetPageId="24">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[523,1182,883,902]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figure 8. Photographs of the type specimens of the new species.</emphasis>
|
||
(a) ventral view; (b) dorsal view; (c) lateral view. The paratype is above and the holotype is below in all photographs. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0112657.g008
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph box="[523,855,1272,1302]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<heading box="[523,855,1272,1302]" fontSize="13" level="3" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" reason="1">Specimens examined</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph box="[523,1264,1321,1348]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">No other specimens of the new species are known to exist.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph box="[523,684,1410,1440]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<heading box="[523,684,1410,1440]" fontSize="13" level="3" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" reason="1">Etymology</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">The new species is named in honor of the late Professor Navjot S. Sodhi (1962– 2011) for his monumental contributions to conservation biology and ornithology in Southeast Asia. Dr. Sodhi played a leading role in elucidating the effects of habitat disturbance on biodiversity, especially birds, across Southeast Asia (e.g. [31–36]). This research provided a fundamental understanding of the ecology of Southeast Asian forests and critical information required for conservation</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">planning. In addition, Dr. Sodhi was an outstanding mentor for many students including D.L.Y. and J.B.C.H. for whom he was an honours and doctorate supervisor, respectively. The English name recognizes the endemic distribution of the species, with the descriptive term ‘‘Streaked’’ to avoid possible confusion with other endemic Sulawesi flycatchers.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<table box="[98,1385,207,986]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<tr box="[98,1385,207,226]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<td box="[98,432,207,226]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[98,188,207,226]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Table 10.</emphasis>
|
||
Color comparisons of the
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[439,519,207,226]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">holotype</td>
|
||
<td box="[526,907,207,226]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
and paratype of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[681,844,207,226]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sodhii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[681,844,207,226]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Muscicapa sodhii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, using
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[914,987,207,226]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Munsell</td>
|
||
<td box="[994,1341,207,226]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">(2000) soil color charts and notation.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1385,250,269]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[112,1385,250,269]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<td box="[112,251,250,269]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Characteristic</td>
|
||
<td box="[528,860,250,269]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">MZB.Ornit.33.525, holotype, male</td>
|
||
<td box="[1015,1385,250,269]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">MZB.Ornit.33.530, paratype, unsexed</td>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1385,285,305]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<td box="[112,386,285,305]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Color of crown feather edges</td>
|
||
<td box="[528,630,285,305]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">7.5 YR 5/1</td>
|
||
<td box="[1015,1110,285,305]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">7.5YR 6/1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1385,321,341]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<td box="[112,398,321,341]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Color of crown feather centers</td>
|
||
<td box="[528,630,321,341]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">7.5 YR 3/1</td>
|
||
<td box="[1015,1135,321,341]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">7.5 YR 2.5/1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1385,357,377]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<td box="[112,205,357,377]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Auriculars</td>
|
||
<td box="[528,622,357,377]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">7.5YR 4/1</td>
|
||
<td box="[1015,1117,357,377]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">7.5 YR 6/1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1385,393,412]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<td box="[112,216,393,412]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Neck sides</td>
|
||
<td box="[528,622,393,412]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">7.5YR 4/1</td>
|
||
<td box="[1015,1110,393,412]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">7.5YR 5/1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1385,429,448]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<td box="[112,175,429,448]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Mantle</td>
|
||
<td box="[528,622,429,448]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">7.5YR 4/1</td>
|
||
<td box="[1015,1110,429,448]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">7.5YR 4/1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1385,464,484]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<td box="[112,168,465,484]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Rump</td>
|
||
<td box="[528,622,464,484]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">7.5YR 4/1</td>
|
||
<td box="[1015,1110,464,484]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">7.5YR 4/1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1385,500,520]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<td box="[112,271,500,520]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Uppertail coverts</td>
|
||
<td box="[528,622,500,520]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">7.5YR 3/1</td>
|
||
<td box="[1015,1110,500,520]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">7.5YR 3/1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1385,536,556]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<td box="[112,247,536,556]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Throat streaks</td>
|
||
<td box="[528,622,536,556]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">7.5YR 6/1</td>
|
||
<td box="[1015,1110,536,556]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">7.5YR 5/1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1385,572,592]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<td box="[112,247,572,592]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Breast streaks</td>
|
||
<td box="[528,622,572,592]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">7.5YR 5/1</td>
|
||
<td box="[1015,1110,572,592]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">7.5YR 4/1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1385,608,628]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<td box="[112,238,608,628]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Flank streaks</td>
|
||
<td box="[528,622,608,628]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">7.5YR 6/1</td>
|
||
<td box="[1015,1110,608,628]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">7.5YR 4/1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1385,644,663]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<td box="[112,249,644,663]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Center of belly</td>
|
||
<td box="[528,626,644,663]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">pure white</td>
|
||
<td box="[1015,1114,644,663]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">pure white</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1385,679,699]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<td box="[112,154,681,699]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Vent</td>
|
||
<td box="[528,626,679,699]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">pure white</td>
|
||
<td box="[1015,1114,679,699]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">pure white</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1385,715,735]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<td box="[112,200,715,735]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Primaries</td>
|
||
<td box="[528,622,715,735]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">7.5YR 3/1</td>
|
||
<td box="[1015,1128,715,735]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">7.5YR 2.5/1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1385,751,771]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<td box="[112,364,751,771]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Internal edges of primaries</td>
|
||
<td box="[528,630,751,771]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">7.5 YR 8/2</td>
|
||
<td box="[1015,1117,751,771]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">7.5 YR 8/2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1385,787,807]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<td box="[112,279,787,807]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Tertial outer webs</td>
|
||
<td box="[528,622,787,807]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">7.5YR 5/2</td>
|
||
<td box="[1015,1110,787,807]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">7.5YR 4/1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1385,823,843]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<td box="[112,277,823,843]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Tertial inner webs</td>
|
||
<td box="[528,622,823,843]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">7.5YR 4/1</td>
|
||
<td box="[1015,1110,823,843]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">7.5YR 4/1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1385,859,879]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<td box="[112,232,859,879]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Tertial edges</td>
|
||
<td box="[528,603,859,879]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">worn off</td>
|
||
<td box="[1015,1117,859,879]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">7.5 YR 7/4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1385,895,915]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<td box="[112,363,895,915]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Primary underwing coverts</td>
|
||
<td box="[528,697,895,915]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">streaks 7.5YR 3/1</td>
|
||
<td box="[1015,1185,895,915]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">streaks 7.5YR 3/1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1385,931,950]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<td box="[112,196,931,950]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Axillaries</td>
|
||
<td box="[528,626,931,950]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">pure white</td>
|
||
<td box="[1015,1114,931,950]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">pure white</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[98,1385,966,986]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<td box="[112,278,966,986]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Uppertail feathers</td>
|
||
<td box="[528,622,966,986]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">7.5YR 3/1</td>
|
||
<td box="[1015,1128,966,986]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">7.5YR 2.5/1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[98,395,1017,1037]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="multiple">
|
||
<caption box="[98,395,1017,1037]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<paragraph box="[98,395,1017,1037]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0112657.t010</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[523,668,1109,1139]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph box="[523,668,1109,1139]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<heading bold="true" box="[523,668,1109,1139]" fontSize="13" level="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" reason="0">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[523,668,1109,1139]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph box="[523,886,1159,1190]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<heading box="[523,886,1159,1190]" fontSize="13" level="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" reason="1">Distribution and habitat</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
The species is known by our two specimens, the sightings and photographs of others, and our song recording from Baku Bakulu, Central Sulawesi. In 1997 King et al. [19] observed the flycatcher in a ‘‘very patchy remnant of forest’’ near Baku Bakulu. During our fieldwork in 2011 and 2012, the Baku Bakulu area was a mosaic of mature cacao plantations and small patches of remnant forest trees (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[535,638,1393,1420]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="27.[523,588,880,899]" captionTargetBox="[523,1012,197,842]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[523,1013,197,845]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 9. Habitat at the type locality. Mature cacao plantation with remnant tall forest trees at Baku Bakulu (photo by D. L. Y., 28 Jun 2012)." pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). This mixed agro-forest landscape abuts mature secondary and primary forest in Lore Lindu National Park. Despite the disturbance in the area, we found several forest-dependent species there, including Rufous-throated Flycatcher
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[523,728,1505,1532]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Ficedula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufigula">
|
||
<emphasis box="[523,728,1505,1532]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Ficedula rufigula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Sulawesi Dwarf Kingfisher
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1085,1220,1505,1532]" class="Aves" family="Alcedinidae" genus="Ceyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coraciiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fallax">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1085,1220,1505,1532]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Ceyx fallax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and Red-bellied
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1445,1503,1505,1532]" class="Aves" family="Pittidae" genus="Pitta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pitta</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[523,745,1542,1569]" class="Aves" family="Pittidae" genus="Pitta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erythrogaster">
|
||
<emphasis box="[523,745,1542,1569]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Pitta erythrogaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The flycatcher was seen at all levels in remnant forest trees in the agro-forest landscape.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
There are also several sight records of
|
||
<emphasis box="[1019,1131,1616,1643]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1019,1131,1616,1643]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sodhii">M. sodhii</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from Danau Tambing, Badeaha, and the Sedoa area in the Napu Valley on the northeastern side of Lore Lindu National Park. So far, the species is not known from the western side of the park, where fewer birdwatchers visit, but some ornithological studies have been done [35, 37]. Other records in Sulawesi are based on photographs from Matabulu and Toraut, North Sulawesi and Karaenta, South Sulawesi. Despite the number of records to date, the distribution of
|
||
<emphasis box="[965,1079,1840,1866]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[965,1079,1840,1866]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sodhii">M. sodhii</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
remains poorly known. Most of the handful of sites where the species has been recorded, like Bantimurung-
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Burusaraung and Lore Lindu National Parks, are regularly visited by birdwatchers, and are where the species has been reported multiple times. However, the remote protected areas in Sulawesi’s eastern and southeastern peninsulas are seldom visited and their avifaunas poorly known. The elevational range of
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sodhii">Muscicapa sodhii</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is mainly within an elevational band of 150 m asl to 1,200 m in lowland and submontane evergreen forest and disturbed habitats. There are few records at higher elevations; the occasional observations of the species at Badeaha and Danau Tambing at c. 1,700 m may be exceptional and could involve post-breeding
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">dispersal. While approximately half of the records are from primary lowland and submontane forests, the frequency of records (including that of the holotype and paratype) in disturbed habitats indicates that the species is tolerant of disturbance. It appears likely, however, that when it occurs in cacao plantations it requires the presence of at least scattered mature native forest trees.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph box="[523,756,782,812]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<heading box="[523,756,782,812]" fontSize="13" level="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" reason="1">Vocal behavior</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">According to King et al. [19], the pair of birds they observed at Baku Bakulu gave high-pitched calls, which were recorded and played back, eliciting a noticeable response.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">At 1702 h on 21 Jun 2012 at Baku Bakulu, J.B.C.H. found a singing individual of the undescribed flycatcher, sitting inconspicuously at mid-level near a fork of the main trunk of a large tree on a small hill-slope. The bird opened its bill noticeably while singing, and looked around a little, but otherwise sat quite still, making it hard to detect even though it was not hidden by foliage. After making a few recordings, P.C.R. played these quietly back to the flycatcher, which did not exhibit any obvious change in behavior but continued singing until 1707 h. It then flew off and we heard and recorded it singing again until 1722 h in a nearby densely vegetated area, but it did not respond noticeably to playback, nor was it seen again that day. Although differences in song before and after playback were not noted in the field, the later recordings (especially AV#17427–17428) made after playback are composed of short strophes, often of a single motif, while in the earlier-made cuts of the same individual most strophes are considerably longer and contain several motifs.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph box="[523,663,1523,1553]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<heading box="[523,663,1523,1553]" fontSize="13" level="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" reason="1">Behavior</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph box="[523,1386,1572,1598]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Although the behavior of
|
||
<emphasis box="[851,966,1572,1598]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[851,966,1572,1598]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sodhii">M. sodhii</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
remains poorly known, scattered
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
documentation from local and visiting birdwatchers have allowed some aspects of foraging behavior and breeding ecology to be established. Like some other closely related
|
||
<emphasis box="[616,743,1686,1711]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[616,743,1686,1711]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Muscicapa</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
flycatchers,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[898,1012,1685,1711]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sodhii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[898,1012,1685,1711]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">M. sodhii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be an obligate insectivore that forages inconspicuously at all levels but perhaps mainly mid-levels. During our field work in 2011 and 2012, we observed single individuals sallying for flying doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0112657.g009 insects, including large damselflies, from perches from several feet above ground to the subcanopy. Other known prey items as inferred from published
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="27" pageNumber="28" targetBox="[523,1012,197,842]" targetPageId="27">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[523,612,880,899]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitat at the type locality. Mature cacao plantation with remnant tall forest trees at Baku Bakulu (photo by D.L.Y., 28 Jun 2012).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">photographs include orthopterans, including katydids (www.orientalbirdimages. org). Observations from other birdwatchers (e.g. [38–40]) indicate that the species may sporadically participate in mixed foraging flocks with other small passerines such as whistlers and white-eyes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">We did not observe breeding during our field work in May–Jun, but breeding details have been reported in three birdwatching trip reports. Farrow and Robson [41] and Hutchinson [42] observed adult birds attending single juveniles at Bantimurung-Bulusaraung in early Oct, while Hutchinson [43] reported one adult feeding a juvenile adjacent to Lore Lindu National Park near Wuasa in late Sep. The fact that breeding has only been reported in Sep–Oct despite multiple records (n=17) from every month from Apr to Oct in the Lore Lindu and Bantimurung areas suggests that breeding, at least in central-south Sulawesi, may coincide with the start of the monsoon season. In North Sulawesi, the species is known to breed in May based on photographs deposited in the Oriental Birds Image database (www.orientalbirdimages.org) of a fledgling documented in May 2009.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph box="[523,1166,201,231]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<heading box="[523,1166,201,231]" fontSize="13" level="3" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" reason="1">Diagnosability and species status criteria</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
Though superficially similar in appearance to
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1104,1272,251,276]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griseisticta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1104,1272,251,276]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">M. griseisticta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis box="[1290,1405,250,276]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1290,1405,250,276]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sodhii">M. sodhii</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is a wellmarked species (see
|
||
<emphasis box="[777,892,289,314]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
) that does not show close morphological approach to any other known taxon. In mtDNA it differs by at least 4.1% from all congeners, and it is highly distinct morphologically from the taxa that it is most similar to in mtDNA. Bearing in mind the small sample of singing individuals and that further vocal sampling is needed,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[992,1104,438,465]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sodhii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[992,1104,438,465]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">M. sodhii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also appears to differ in song from its congeners to a similar and in some cases to a stronger extent than the others do from each other. However, even if the available vocal sample proves
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
unrepresentative, morphological and genetic differences clearly indicate species status. We therefore consider that, under any modern species concept,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1418,1533,589,616]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sodhii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1418,1533,589,616]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">M. sodhii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
unambiguously fits the definition of a species and that its recognition as such will be non-controversial.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[523,728,754,784]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph box="[523,728,754,784]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<heading box="[523,728,754,784]" fontSize="13" level="3" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" reason="1">Conservation</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
The fairly wide elevational and distributional range of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1199,1312,802,829]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sodhii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1199,1312,802,829]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">M. sodhii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and its tolerance of habitat disturbance indicate that it is not immediately at high risk from logging or habitat conversion, which is ongoing in Sulawesi’s lowlands and, increasingly, highlands [17, 18, 44, 45]. The species probably does not occur in young cacao monoculture, or where remnant forest trees are not preserved. It is a low-density species in the Lore Lindu National Park area and it appears to be uncommon elsewhere in Sulawesi, given that the species was only reported in 17 of 51 birdwatching reports we sampled since its first documentation in 1997.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Nonetheless, the paucity of reports may be partly because the species had not yet been formally described. Present knowledge suggests the species does not approach the thresholds for ‘Vulnerable’ under the IUCN’s range size or inferred population trend criteria [46]. We propose that the species be placed in the ‘Least Concern’ category.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph box="[554,1427,1293,1320]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Persistence of the species in small forest patches in a mosaic of cacao</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
plantations over 15 years in Baku Bakulu shows that
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1174,1286,1331,1358]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sodhii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1174,1286,1331,1358]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">M. sodhii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tolerates some level of disturbance and fragmentation. Our limited data however do not allow us to infer if disturbed habitats are preferred over primary forest. The scientific description of the species, including its voice, should allow comparative surveys to be done in forests and disturbed areas to learn about the species’ habitat preferences. Furthermore, it should be a priority to survey poorly-sampled areas such as Sulawesi’s eastern and southeastern peninsulas to collect distributional information on
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[722,835,1595,1622]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sodhii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[722,835,1595,1622]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">M. sodhii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Taxonomic studies are also needed to evaluate whether populations on Sulawesi’s northern and southern peninsulas are distinct from Central Sulawesi birds. Many Sulawesi bird genera have racially or specifically distinct representatives that are allopatric on the island’s peninsulas (e.g.,
|
||
<emphasis box="[523,651,1746,1773]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[523,651,1746,1773]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Heinrichia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Heinrichia</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[668,780,1747,1773]" class="Aves" family="Zosteropidae" genus="Zosterops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[668,780,1747,1773]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Zosterops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[854,954,1746,1773]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Ficedula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[854,954,1746,1773]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Ficedula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, among others), and it is possible that more than one taxon of
|
||
<emphasis box="[757,883,205,230]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[757,883,205,230]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Muscicapa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Muscicapa</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is resident on the extraordinarily complex island of Sulawesi.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |