253 lines
17 KiB
XML
253 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.53.34560" ID-GBIF-Dataset="01c91319-0249-4441-8017-63e1806486a5" ID-PMC="PMC6565643" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-4049-53-93" ID-PubMed="31217724" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2019" ModsDocID="1314-4049-53-93" ModsDocOrigin="MycoKeys 53" ModsDocTitle="Two new species of Amanitasect.Phalloideae from Africa, one of which is devoid of amatoxins and phallotoxins" checkinTime="1559913001373" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Fraiture, Andre, Amalfi, Mario, Raspe, Olivier, Kaya, Ertugrul, Akata, Ilgaz & Degreef, Jerome" docDate="2019" docId="8F5E8C06C0FAE4B9825A862079556617" docLanguage="en" docName="MycoKeys 53: 93-125" docOrigin="MycoKeys 53" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.53.34560" docTitle="Amanita harkoneniana Fraiture & Saarimaeki, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="107" masterDocId="94757C61CE72FFA3FFFFFFD3EB610B19" masterDocTitle="Two new species of Amanitasect. Phalloideae from Africa, one of which is devoid of amatoxins and phallotoxins" masterLastPageNumber="125" masterPageNumber="93" pageNumber="104" updateTime="1668136246736" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Two new species of Amanitasect. Phalloideae from Africa, one of which is devoid of amatoxins and phallotoxins</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fraiture, Andre</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Amalfi, Mario</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Raspe, Olivier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kaya, Ertugrul</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Akata, Ilgaz</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Degreef, Jerome</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>MycoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>53</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>93</mods:start>
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<mods:end>125</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.53.34560</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.53.34560</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-4049-53-93</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="157436324" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8F5E8C06C0FAE4B9825A862079556617" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8F5E8C06C0FAE4B9825A862079556617" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="107" pageId="11" pageNumber="104">
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="104" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="104">
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<taxonomicName LSID="MB830176" authority="Fraiture & Saarimaeki" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Amanitaceae" genus="Amanita" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Amanita harkoneniana" order="Agaricales" pageId="11" pageNumber="104" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="harkoneniana">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="104" start="start">Amanita</pageBreakToken>
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harkoneniana Fraiture &
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Saarimäki">Saarimaeki</normalizedToken>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="11" pageNumber="104">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 5, 6
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="105" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="105">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="105" start="start">Diagnosis</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="105">
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<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Amanitaceae" genus="Amanita" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Amanita harkoneniana" order="Agaricales" pageId="12" pageNumber="105" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="harkoneniana">Amanita harkoneniana</taxonomicName>
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differs from the closest
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<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Amanitaceae" genus="Amanita" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Amanita" order="Agaricales" pageId="12" pageNumber="105" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">Amanita</taxonomicName>
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species by: pileus first whitish to pale yellowish-beige then entirely whitish, devoid of veil remnants, basal bulb of the stipe turnip-shaped or irregularly elongated and more or less rooting, basidiospores subglobose to widely ellipsoid (Q = 1.04
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–1.13–">-1.13-</normalizedToken>
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1.25), basidia 34
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–37.5–">-37.5-</normalizedToken>
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41
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long and growth without connection with the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eucalyptus" order="Myrtales" pageId="12" pageNumber="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Eucalyptus</taxonomicName>
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, in Tanzania and Madagascar.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="105" type="holotypus">
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="105">Holotypus.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="105">
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TANZANIA. Tabora District: ca. 10 km S of Tabora, Kipalapala, ca. 1200 m alt., 12 Dec. 1991, T.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Saarimäki">Saarimaeki</normalizedToken>
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et al. 1061 (H!).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="106" pageId="12" pageNumber="105" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="105">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="106" pageId="12" pageNumber="105">
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Primordium smooth, subglobose but with a more or less conical or irregular rooting part; veil whitish; pileus with a weak brownish tint (around 4B2-3 and 5B2-3 but paler). Pileus 35
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–53–">-53-</normalizedToken>
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70 mm diam., first hemispherical, then largely conical or convex to nearly applanate, often with a deflexed margin, without umbo; margin even, neither striate (sometimes striate on exsiccates) nor appendiculate; first whitish to pale yellowish-beige (between 4A2 and 4B2) then entirely whitish; slightly viscid when young, smooth, devoid of veil remnants. Lamellae white, becoming slightly yellowish when old and pale to dark brownish in exsiccates with a narrow white and fluffy edge, free, mixed with an equal number of lamellulae which are very variable in length and are usually truncated, sub-distant, 8-10 lamellae and lamellulae per cm at 1 cm from the edge of the pileus, about 125-215 lamellae + lamellulae in total (counts on 2 basidiomata), ventricose, very finely serrate when seen with a magnifying glass. Stipe 65-130
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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8-14 mm, sub-cylindrical, slightly wider just under the lamellae, gradually and slightly widened from top to bottom, white, with finely fibrillose surface, hollow (at least in exsiccates) or stuffed. Ring white, hanging, membranous but thin and fragile, upper part adhering to the stipe. Basal bulb of the stipe turnip-shaped or irregularly elongated, more or less rooting, surrounded by a white volva (also white inside), membranous, up to 40-60 mm high. Context white, soft, very thin along the margin of the pileus, much thicker near the stipe; smell weak resembling raw potato
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<pageBreakToken pageId="13" pageNumber="106" start="start">[</pageBreakToken>
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Harkonen pers. comm.], very variable according to specimens but mostly of shellfish as in
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<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Russula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Russula xerampelina" order="Russulales" pageId="13" pageNumber="106" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="xerampelina">Russula xerampelina</taxonomicName>
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, especially for mature and old specimens [P. Pirot, pers. comm. about specimens from Madagascar], taste mild, then unpleasant [description of the Tanzanian specimen].
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="13" pageNumber="106">
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="106">
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Figure 5. Basidiomata of
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<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Amanitaceae" genus="Amanita" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Amanita harkoneniana" order="Agaricales" pageId="13" pageNumber="106" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="harkoneniana">Amanita harkoneniana</taxonomicName>
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a
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Saarimäki">Saarimaeki</normalizedToken>
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et al. 1061 (holotypus) b Pirot s.n. (coll. 2014) c Pirot s.n. (coll. 2014).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="13" pageNumber="106">
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="106">
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Figure 6.
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<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Amanitaceae" genus="Amanita" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Amanita harkoneniana" order="Agaricales" pageId="13" pageNumber="106" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="harkoneniana">Amanita harkoneniana</taxonomicName>
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(all from
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Saarimäki">Saarimaeki</normalizedToken>
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et al. 1061, holotypus) a Basidia (scale bar: 10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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) b Spores (scale bar: 10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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) c Filamentous hyphae from the volva (scale bar: 20
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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) d Sphaerocysts from the volva (scale bar: 50
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="106">
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Basidiospores hyaline, with thin, rather weakly amyloid wall, (globose-) subglobose to widely ellipsoid (-ellipsoid), (6.5-) 7.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–8.07–">-8.07-</normalizedToken>
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8.6 (-10.0)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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(6.0-) 6.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–7.15–">-7.15-</normalizedToken>
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8.0 (-8.5)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, Q = (1.00-) 1.04
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–1.13–">-1.13-</normalizedToken>
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1.25 (-1.33) [53/3/2]. Basidia 4-spored, without clamp, clavate, often rather abruptly swollen, (30-) 34
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–37.5–">-37.5-</normalizedToken>
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41 (-46)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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9.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–10.4–">-10.4-</normalizedToken>
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11.0 (-13.0)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, l/w = 3.00
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–3.60–">-3.60-</normalizedToken>
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4.40 (-4.90) [31/3/2]. Lamellar edge sterile, composed of marginal cells which are widely clavate to pyriform, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, not clamped, 26
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–32.2–">-32.2-</normalizedToken>
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40
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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13
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–16.8–">-16.8-</normalizedToken>
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20
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, l/w = 1.56
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–1.93–">-1.93-</normalizedToken>
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2.23 [10/1/1]. General veil (volva) mostly composed of cylindrical hyphae, with very different diameters, (20-) 33-50 (-110)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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4-11 (-15)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, hyaline, with smooth and thin wall, septate but without clamps, with occasional anastomoses between parallel hyphae, branched, mixed with a few scattered hyaline sphaerocysts, globose to sphaeropedunculate or ellipsoid, 45
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–75–">-75-</normalizedToken>
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100 (-120)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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(20-) 35
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–57–">-57-</normalizedToken>
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87 (-115)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, l/w = 1.04
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–1.38–">-1.38-</normalizedToken>
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1.68 (-2.38), with a smooth and thin wall, rarely slightly thickened (<1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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) [18/1/1].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="107" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="107">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="14" pageNumber="107" start="start">Distribution</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="107">Up to now, the species is only known from Tanzania and Madagascar. According to its ecology, it could potentially be observed in all regions occupied by the miombo woodland.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="107" type="ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="107">Ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="107">
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In miombo woodland (Tanzania) and in a garden, next to
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Cocos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cocos nucifera" order="Arecales" pageId="14" pageNumber="107" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nucifera">Cocos nucifera</taxonomicName>
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L.,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Citrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Citrus" order="Sapindales" pageId="14" pageNumber="107" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Citrus</taxonomicName>
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sp. (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“combava”">"combava"</normalizedToken>
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),
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Monimiaceae" genus="Tambourissa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tambourissa" order="Laurales" pageId="14" pageNumber="107" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Tambourissa</taxonomicName>
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sp. and
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Psidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Psidium guajava" order="Myrtales" pageId="14" pageNumber="107" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guajava">Psidium guajava</taxonomicName>
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L., along the Indian Ocean (Madagascar).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="107" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="107">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="107">
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This species is dedicated to Prof. Marja
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Härkönen">Haerkoenen</normalizedToken>
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in acknowledgment of her tremendous contribution to African mycology.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="107" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="107">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="107">
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MADAGASCAR. Prov. Toamasina: Mahambo, Dec. 2014, P.Pirot s.n. (BR); Ibidem, 2016, P.Pirot s.n. (BR). - TANZANIA. Tabora District: ca. 10 km S of Tabora, Kipalapala, ca. 1200 m alt., 12 Dec. 1991, T.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Saarimäki">Saarimaeki</normalizedToken>
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et al. 1061 (holotype: H!).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="107" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="107">Note.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="107">
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We believe that the picture of "
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<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Amanitaceae" genus="Amanita" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Amanita" order="Agaricales" pageId="14" pageNumber="107" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">Amanita</taxonomicName>
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cfr.
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<taxonomicName lsidName="phalloides" pageId="14" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="phalloides">phalloides</taxonomicName>
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" presented by
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<bibRefCitation pageId="14" pageNumber="107">Ryvarden et al. (1994</bibRefCitation>
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: 76-77) could be
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<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Amanitaceae" genus="Amanita" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Amanita harkoneniana" order="Agaricales" pageId="14" pageNumber="107" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="harkoneniana">Amanita harkoneniana</taxonomicName>
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. The macroscopic description and the picture given by the authors correspond to the characters of that species. From this description, the fruit-bodies have a nauseous odour, are soon decaying and grow in miombo woodlands or in association with pine trees in the middle of the rainy season; they are rarely seen. No precise locality is given but the book covers South Central Africa (mostly Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="107">
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A comparison with the closely related species is given in the chapter
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“discussion”">"discussion"</normalizedToken>
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below.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |