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<mods:title id="58CC170BDC99DAF85C0F32659BD65FC5">Revision of the southern South American species of Philonthus Stephens (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) 2595</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8BFC4104FF938C3E5DA77AC6FDF050A6" blockId="31.[151,600,973,1034]" box="[151,600,973,999]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<heading id="D0B4F668FF938C3E5DA77AC6FDF050A6" bold="true" box="[151,600,973,999]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C433A87FF938C3E5DA77AC6FDF050A6" ID-CoL="76ZGR" authority="Erichson, 1840" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1840" box="[151,600,973,999]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Philonthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hepaticus">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FF938C3E5DA77AC6FDF050A6" bold="true" box="[151,600,973,999]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FF938C3E5DA77AC6FE3F50A6" bold="true" box="[151,407,973,999]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Philonthus hepaticus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD23CF5FF938C3E5CAE7AC6FDF050A6" author="Erichson, W. F." box="[414,600,973,999]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="401 - 954" refId="ref49056" refString="Erichson, W. F. (1840) Genera et species Staphylinorum insectorum coleopterorum familiae. F. H. Morin, Berlin, pp 401 - 954." type="book chapter" year="1840">Erichson, 1840</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C359128FFF938C3E5DAE7AFBFEDF574B" box="[158,375,1008,1034]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFC4104FF938C3E5DAE7AFBFEDF574B" blockId="31.[151,600,973,1034]" box="[158,375,1008,1034]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
(
<figureCitation id="13785D81FF938C3E5D977AFBFE9D574B" box="[167,309,1008,1034]" captionStart="FIGURES 76–96" captionStartId="35.[151,270,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[333,1271,194,1825]" captionTargetId="figure-118@35.[327,1271,194,1840]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURES 76–96. P. hepaticus: sternum 9 (76); aedoeagus, dorsal view (77); aedoeagus, lateral view (78); tergum 10, female (79); gonocoxites of female genital segment (80). P.jenseni: sternum 9 (81); tergum 10, male (82); aedoeagus, dorsal view (83); aedoeagus, lateral view (84); gonocoxites of female genital segment (85); tergum 10, female (86). P. longicornis: sternum 9 (87); tergum 10, male (88); aedoeagus, dorsal view (89); paramere, ventral side (90); gonocoxites of female genital segment (91). P. lynchi: stylus of segment 9 (92); tergum 10, male (93); aedoeagus, dorsal view (94); aedoeagus, lateral view (95); gonocoxites of female genital segment (96)." pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Figs. 76–80</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13785D81FF938C3E5C717AFBFEC6574B" box="[321,366,1008,1034]" captionStart="FIGURE 145" captionStartId="53.[151,255,2011,2035]" captionTargetBox="[316,1281,338,1980]" captionTargetId="figure-71@53.[306,1281,338,1990]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 145. Distribution of P. bruchianus,, P. convexicollis, P. hepaticus and P. politus in southern South America." pageId="31" pageNumber="32">145</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C359128FFF938C3E5DA77D31FB925710" box="[151,1082,1082,1105]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BFC4104FF938C3E5DA77D31FB925710" blockId="31.[151,1082,1082,1105]" box="[151,1082,1082,1105]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB53662AFF938C3E5DA77D31FB925710" box="[151,1082,1082,1105]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<treatmentCitation id="0AE26715FF938C3E5DA77D31FDF05710" author="Erichson, W. F." box="[151,600,1082,1105]" page="451" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" year="1840">
<taxonomicName id="4C433A87FF938C3E5DA77D31FDF05710" ID-CoL="76ZGR" authority="Erichson, 1840: 451" authorityName="Erichson" authorityPageNumber="451" authorityYear="1840" box="[151,600,1082,1105]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Philonthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hepaticus">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FF938C3E5DA77D31FEDF5710" box="[151,375,1082,1105]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Philonthus hepaticus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD23CF5FF938C3E5C4E7D31FDF05710" author="Erichson, W. F." box="[382,600,1082,1105]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="401 - 954" refId="ref49056" refString="Erichson, W. F. (1840) Genera et species Staphylinorum insectorum coleopterorum familiae. F. H. Morin, Berlin, pp 401 - 954." type="book chapter" year="1840">Erichson, 1840: 451</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
. For complete references see
<bibRefCitation id="EFD23CF5FF938C3E5EA47D31FB9E5710" author="Herman, L. H." box="[916,1078,1082,1105]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="2441 - 3020" refId="ref50050" refString="Herman, L. H. (2001 b) Catalog of the Staphylinidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). 1758 to the end of the second millennium. Part V. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 265, 2441 - 3020." type="journal article" year="2001">Herman 2001b</bibRefCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C359128FFF938C3E5DA77D74FEDD57FE" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BFC4104FF938C3E5DA77D74FEDD57FE" blockId="31.[151,1436,1151,1999]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FF938C3E5DA77D74FEB057D8" bold="true" box="[151,280,1151,1177]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C433A87FF938C3E5C117D8BFDB457D8" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1840" box="[289,540,1152,1177]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Philonthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hepaticus">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FF938C3E5C117D8BFDB457D8" box="[289,540,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Philonthus hepaticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be identified, and distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C433A87FF938C3E59137D8BFB6457D8" authorityName="Bernh., M. Bernhauer" authorityYear="1909" box="[1059,1228,1152,1177]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Philonthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bonariensis">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FF938C3E59137D8BFB6457D8" box="[1059,1228,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">P. bonariensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, by the character states given below.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C359128FFF938C005DF57DC1FC2A5206" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFC4104FF938C3E5DF57DC1FD03554E" blockId="31.[151,1436,1151,1999]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FF938C3E5DF57DC1FED657A5" bold="true" box="[197,382,1226,1252]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Redescription.</emphasis>
Length of the body 4.5–6.0 mm. In most character states similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C433A87FF938C3E598B7DC0FACD57A5" authorityName="Bernh., M. Bernhauer" authorityYear="1909" box="[1211,1381,1227,1252]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Philonthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bonariensis">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FF938C3E598B7DC0FACD57A5" box="[1211,1381,1227,1252]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">P. bonariensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but different as follows: head piceous to black; thorax castaneous-brunneous to brunneous; elytra castaneousbrunneous to brunneous, darker at humerus; abdominal segments castaneous-piceous with apical margins castaneous brunneous; antennae with basal segments castaneous-brunneous to brunneous and outer segments castaneous-piceous, palpi and legs brunneous. Head similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="4C433A87FF938C3E5EE57C6BFBD45638" authorityName="Bernh., M. Bernhauer" authorityYear="1909" box="[981,1148,1376,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Philonthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bonariensis">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FF938C3E5EE57C6BFBD45638" box="[981,1148,1376,1401]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">P. bonariensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but distance separating medial interocular punctures on frons about 2.5 times as large as distance separating medial punctures from lateral punctures; eyes slightly shorter than temples (EL/TL= 0.9) seen from above. Antennae with segment 5 elongate. Maxillary palpus with last segment about 1.5 times longer than segment 3. First segment of hind tarsus as long as segments 2 and 3 combined.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC4104FF938C3E5DF57F11FDB8553E" blockId="31.[151,1436,1151,1999]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
Male genitalia. Aedeagus without single tooth on face adjacent to paramere; apex of median lobe thornlike in its apical fourth (in lateral view); paramere elongate,almost reaching apex of median lobe, without sensory peg setae (
<figureCitation id="13785D81FF938C3E5C447F6EFDAC553E" box="[372,516,1637,1663]" captionStart="FIGURES 76–96" captionStartId="35.[151,270,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[333,1271,194,1825]" captionTargetId="figure-118@35.[327,1271,194,1840]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURES 76–96. P. hepaticus: sternum 9 (76); aedoeagus, dorsal view (77); aedoeagus, lateral view (78); tergum 10, female (79); gonocoxites of female genital segment (80). P.jenseni: sternum 9 (81); tergum 10, male (82); aedoeagus, dorsal view (83); aedoeagus, lateral view (84); gonocoxites of female genital segment (85); tergum 10, female (86). P. longicornis: sternum 9 (87); tergum 10, male (88); aedoeagus, dorsal view (89); paramere, ventral side (90); gonocoxites of female genital segment (91). P. lynchi: stylus of segment 9 (92); tergum 10, male (93); aedoeagus, dorsal view (94); aedoeagus, lateral view (95); gonocoxites of female genital segment (96)." pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Figs. 77–78</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC4104FF938C3E5DF57F81FEEE558B" blockId="31.[151,1436,1151,1999]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
Female genitalia. Second gonocoxite with 2–5 strong setae along its outer margin and one long apical setae (
<figureCitation id="13785D81FF938C3E5DD17FBBFE91558B" box="[225,313,1712,1738]" captionStart="FIGURES 76–96" captionStartId="35.[151,270,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[333,1271,194,1825]" captionTargetId="figure-118@35.[327,1271,194,1840]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURES 76–96. P. hepaticus: sternum 9 (76); aedoeagus, dorsal view (77); aedoeagus, lateral view (78); tergum 10, female (79); gonocoxites of female genital segment (80). P.jenseni: sternum 9 (81); tergum 10, male (82); aedoeagus, dorsal view (83); aedoeagus, lateral view (84); gonocoxites of female genital segment (85); tergum 10, female (86). P. longicornis: sternum 9 (87); tergum 10, male (88); aedoeagus, dorsal view (89); paramere, ventral side (90); gonocoxites of female genital segment (91). P. lynchi: stylus of segment 9 (92); tergum 10, male (93); aedoeagus, dorsal view (94); aedoeagus, lateral view (95); gonocoxites of female genital segment (96)." pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 80</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC4104FF938C3E5DF57FDEFADF548E" blockId="31.[151,1436,1151,1999]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FF938C3E5DF57FDEFDB255AE" bold="true" box="[197,538,1749,1775]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Geographical distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C433A87FF938C3E5F137FDEFC8955AF" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1840" box="[547,801,1749,1774]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Philonthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hepaticus">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FF938C3E5F137FDEFC8955AF" box="[547,801,1749,1774]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Philonthus hepaticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is widely distributed in the New World, from North America to South America through Central America and the West Indies, and it also occurs in
<collectingCountry id="F3540194FF938C3E59CD7FF1FAC15455" box="[1277,1385,1786,1812]" name="Australia" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Australia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F3540194FF938C3E5DA77E2BFE9E547B" box="[151,310,1824,1850]" name="New Zealand" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD23CF5FF938C3E5C777E2BFE57547B" author="Herman, L. H." box="[327,511,1824,1850]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="2441 - 3020" refId="ref50050" refString="Herman, L. H. (2001 b) Catalog of the Staphylinidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). 1758 to the end of the second millennium. Part V. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 265, 2441 - 3020." type="journal article" year="2001">Herman 2001b</bibRefCitation>
). In southern South America this species was cited from
<collectingCountry id="F3540194FF938C3E599A7E2BFA88547B" box="[1194,1312,1824,1850]" name="Argentina" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Argentina</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F3540194FF938C3E586C7E2BFA34547B" box="[1372,1436,1824,1850]" name="Chile" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Chile</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD23CF5FF938C3E5DAF7E4EFEFC541E" author="Herman, L. H." box="[159,340,1861,1887]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="2441 - 3020" refId="ref50050" refString="Herman, L. H. (2001 b) Catalog of the Staphylinidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). 1758 to the end of the second millennium. Part V. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 265, 2441 - 3020." type="journal article" year="2001">
Herman 2001
<bibRefCitation id="EFD23CF5FF938C3E5C757E4EFEFC541E" author="Staniec, B. &amp; Pietrykowska, E." box="[325,340,1861,1887]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="331 - 339" refId="ref52177" refString="Staniec, B. &amp; Pietrykowska, E. (2005) The pupae of Gyrohypnus fracticornis (Mueller, 1776) and Philonthus tenuicornis Mulsant &amp; Rey, 1853 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Genus, 16 (3), 331 - 339." type="journal article" year="2005">b</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, Newton and Thayer 2005). The citation from
<collectingCountry id="F3540194FF938C3E5EB07E4EFC68541E" box="[896,960,1861,1887]" name="Chile" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Chile</collectingCountry>
belongs to
<bibRefCitation id="EFD23CF5FF938C3E597B7E4EFAC2541E" author="Coiffait, H. &amp; Saiz, F." box="[1099,1386,1861,1887]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="339 - 468" refId="ref48780" refString="Coiffait, H. &amp; Saiz, F. (1968) Les Staphylinidae (sensu lato) du Chili. In: Delamare Deboutteville, C. &amp; Rapoport, E. (Eds.), Biologie de l'Amerique Australe. Etudes sur la faune du sol, 4. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, pp. 339 - 468." type="book chapter" year="1968">Coiffait and Sáiz (1968)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFD23CF5FF938C3E5DA77E61FE8D54C5" author="Saiz, F." box="[151,293,1898,1924]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="339 - 353" refId="ref51174" refString="Saiz, F. (1971) Philonthini y Staphylinini de Chile (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Boletin del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Chile, 29, 339 - 353." type="journal article" year="1971">Sáiz (1971)</bibRefCitation>
, who misidentified this species as observed by
<bibRefCitation id="EFD23CF5FF938C3E5E567E61FB8E54C5" author="Smetana, A." box="[870,1062,1898,1924]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 946" refId="ref52003" refString="Smetana, A. (1995) Rove beetles of the subtribe Philonthina of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae): Classification, phylogeny and taxonomic revision. Memoirs on Entomology, International, 3, 1 - 946." type="journal article" year="1995">Smetana (1995)</bibRefCitation>
and later confirmed by Chani-
<bibRefCitation id="EFD23CF5FF938C3E5DA77E9BFE9254EB" author="Chani Posse, M. R." box="[151,314,1936,1962]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="217 - 232" refId="ref48491" refString="Chani Posse, M. R. (2004) Eight Argentinean species of dung-inhabiting Philonthus Stephens (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 39, 217 - 232." type="journal article" year="2004">Posse (2004)</bibRefCitation>
. Coiffait and Sáiz´s record from
<collectingCountry id="F3540194FF938C3E5FE27E9BFCBC54EB" box="[722,788,1936,1962]" name="Chile" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Chile</collectingCountry>
actually belongs to
<taxonomicName id="4C433A87FF938C3E593E7E9BFB1454E8" authorityName="Bernh., M. Bernhauer" authorityYear="1909" box="[1038,1212,1936,1961]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Philonthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bonariensis">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FF938C3E593E7E9BFB1454E8" box="[1038,1212,1936,1961]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">P. bonariensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. According to the present study, only records of
<taxonomicName id="4C433A87FF938C3E5CC87EBEFD2C548F" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1840" box="[504,644,1973,1998]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Philonthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hepaticus">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FF938C3E5CC87EBEFD2C548F" box="[504,644,1973,1998]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">P. hepaticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in southern South America are those from
<collectingCountry id="F3540194FF938C3E594E7EBEFB5B548E" box="[1150,1267,1973,1999]" name="Argentina" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Argentina</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="13785D81FF938C3E58337EBEFAC2548E" box="[1283,1386,1973,1999]" captionStart="FIGURE 145" captionStartId="53.[151,255,2011,2035]" captionTargetBox="[316,1281,338,1980]" captionTargetId="figure-71@53.[306,1281,338,1990]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 145. Distribution of P. bruchianus,, P. convexicollis, P. hepaticus and P. politus in southern South America." pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 145</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3C118CFFAC8C015DA77E52FED154B1" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" startId="32.[151,269,1881,1905]" targetBox="[190,1413,217,1866]" targetPageId="32">
<paragraph id="8BFC4104FFAC8C015DA77E52FED154B1" blockId="32.[151,1436,1881,2032]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FFAC8C015DA77E52FEF55430" bold="true" box="[151,349,1881,1905]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">FIGURES 60–75.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C433A87FFAC8C015C537E52FE6E5431" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1840" box="[355,454,1881,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Philonthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="figulus">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FFAC8C015C537E52FE6E5431" box="[355,454,1881,1904]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">P. figulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: sternum 9 (60); tergum 10, male (61); aedoeagus, lateral view (62); aedoeagus, dorsal view (63); tergum 10, female (64); gonocoxites of female genital segment (65).
<taxonomicName id="4C433A87FFAC8C015E897E72FBCD54D1" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1840" box="[953,1125,1913,1936]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Philonthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavolimbatus">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FFAC8C015E897E72FBCD54D1" box="[953,1125,1913,1936]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">P. flavolimbatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: sternum 9, (66); tergum 10, male (67); aedoeagus, dorsal view (68); aedoeagus, lateral view (69); paramere, ventral side (70); tergum 10, female (71).
<taxonomicName id="4C433A87FFAC8C015DE17EB2FE875491" authorityName="Chani-Posse de Maus" authorityYear="2009" box="[209,303,1977,2000]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Philonthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floresi">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FFAC8C015DE17EB2FE875491" box="[209,303,1977,2000]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">P. floresi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: tergum 10, male (72); aedoeagus, lateral view (73); aedoeagus, dorsal view (74); gonocoxites of female genital segment (75).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFC4104FFAD8C005DF5799CFC2A5206" blockId="33.[151,1436,151,962]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FFAD8C005DF5799CFEFE53F0" bold="true" box="[197,342,151,177]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Bionomics.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C433A87FFAD8C005C517993FDC253F0" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1840" box="[353,618,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Philonthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hepaticus">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FFAD8C005C517993FDC253F0" box="[353,618,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Philonthus hepaticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs to a group of species that are frequently found in cattle droppings and have been considered as potential control agents of dungbreeding flies (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD23CF5FFAD8C0059A079B6FAC45396" author="Hunter III, J. S. &amp; Fincher, G. T. &amp; Bay, D. E. &amp; Beerwinkle, K. R." box="[1168,1388,189,215]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="163 - 173" refId="ref50357" refString="Hunter III, J. S., Fincher, G. T., Bay, D. E. &amp; Beerwinkle, K. R. (1991) Seasonal distribution and diel flight activity of Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) in open and wooded pasture in east-central Texas. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 64 (2), 163 - 173." type="journal article" year="1991">
Hunter
<emphasis id="B9379D16FFAD8C0059DB79B6FA8E5397" box="[1259,1318,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">et al.</emphasis>
1991
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD23CF5FFAD8C00584879B6FE9753BD" author="Hu, G. Y. &amp; Frank, J. H." pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="1240 - 1246" refId="ref50260" refString="Hu, G. Y. &amp; Frank, J. H. (1997) Predation on the horn fly (Diptera: Muscidae) by five species of Philonthus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Environmental Entomology, 26, 1240 - 1246." type="journal article" year="1997">Hu &amp; Frank 1997</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFD23CF5FFAD8C005C6279E9FDA553BD" author="Smetana, A." box="[338,525,226,252]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="1 - 946" refId="ref52003" refString="Smetana, A. (1995) Rove beetles of the subtribe Philonthina of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae): Classification, phylogeny and taxonomic revision. Memoirs on Entomology, International, 3, 1 - 946." type="journal article" year="1995">Smetana (1995)</bibRefCitation>
also cites this species from other various kinds of rotting organic matter, floor debris, seaweeds from litter along streams, under bark and in decaying cactus.
<bibRefCitation id="EFD23CF5FFAD8C0059627803FB585263" author="Frank, J. H." box="[1106,1264,264,290]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="1 - 118" refId="ref49676" refString="Frank, J. H. (1982) The parasites of the Staphylinidae (Coleoptera). A contribution towards an encyclopedia of the Staphylinidae. University of Florida Agr. Exp. Stations, Technical Bulletin, 824, i - vii + 1 - 118 pp." type="book chapter" year="1982">Frank (1982)</bibRefCitation>
also cites this species as parasitized by Laboulbeniales (Fungi, Ascomycetes).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C359128FFFAD8C005DF57859FAB85083" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BFC4104FFAD8C005DF57859FA94529D" blockId="33.[151,1436,151,962]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FFAD8C005DF57859FED5522D" bold="true" box="[197,381,338,364]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B2B4B59FFAD8C005CB67859FE8952F6" collectionCode="MNHUB" collectorName="A. Smetana" location="Berlin" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Berlin" typeStatus="lectotype">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FFAD8C005CB67859FDAB522D" bold="true" box="[390,515,338,364]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<typeStatus id="54F8FFA6FFAD8C005CB67859FDAB522D" box="[390,515,338,364]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
,
<specimenCount id="9D458A8DFFAD8C005F227859FD8E5227" box="[530,550,338,358]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
, with labels: “6063”, “
<taxonomicName id="4C433A87FFAD8C005E0A7859FB43522D" authority="Er., Knoch, A. Snt. Zimm" authorityName="Er., Knoch, A. Snt. Zimm" box="[826,1259,338,364]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Philonthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hepaticus">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FFAD8C005E0A7859FC03522A" box="[826,939,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">hepaticus</emphasis>
Er., Knoch, A. Snt. Zimm
</taxonomicName>
” (green label), “
<typeStatus id="54F8FFA6FFAD8C005D917873FEFA52D3" box="[161,338,376,402]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
<taxonomicName id="4C433A87FFAD8C005C6C7873FD7252D3" authority="Erichson" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1840" box="[348,730,376,402]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Philonthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hepaticus">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FFAD8C005C6C7873FDCB52D0" box="[348,611,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Philonthus hepaticus</emphasis>
Erichson
</taxonomicName>
des.
<collectorName id="26B624D2FFAD8C005E2E7873FC0752D3" box="[798,943,376,402]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">A. Smetana</collectorName>
1991” (red label), “Zool. Mus.
<collectingRegion id="49878FE6FFAD8C0058717873FA3952D3" box="[1345,1425,376,402]" country="Germany" name="Berlin" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Berlin</collectingRegion>
” (
<collectionCode id="ED52D9C1FFAD8C005DAF7896FEB052F6" box="[159,280,413,439]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">MNHUB</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B2B4B59FFAD8C005C1E7896FA90529D" collectionCode="MNHUB" collectorName="An. Sept. Knoch. Zimm" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Berlin" typeStatus="paralectotype">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FFAD8C005C1E7896FE5352F6" bold="true" box="[302,507,413,439]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<typeStatus id="54F8FFA6FFAD8C005C1E7896FE5E52F6" box="[302,502,413,439]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="paralectotype">Paralectotypes</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D458A8DFFAD8C005F357896FD9B52F1" box="[517,563,412,439]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D458A8DFFAD8C005F737896FDD952F1" box="[579,625,412,439]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
, with labels: “
<collectorName id="26B624D2FFAD8C005E187896FBFF52F6" box="[808,1111,413,439]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">An. Sept. Knoch. Zimm</collectorName>
I-Nr 6063” (green label), “
<typeStatus id="54F8FFA6FFAD8C005D9078C9FE02529D" box="[160,426,450,476]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="paralectotype">PARALECTOTYPUS</typeStatus>
<taxonomicName id="4C433A87FFAD8C005C8178C9FCC8529D" authority="Erichson, 1840" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1840" box="[433,864,450,476]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Philonthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hepaticus">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FFAD8C005C8178C9FD00529A" box="[433,680,450,475]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Philonthus hepaticus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD23CF5FFAD8C005F9F78C9FCC8529D" author="Erichson, W. F." box="[687,864,450,476]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="401 - 954" refId="ref49056" refString="Erichson, W. F. (1840) Genera et species Staphylinorum insectorum coleopterorum familiae. F. H. Morin, Berlin, pp 401 - 954." type="book chapter" year="1840">Erichson, 1840</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
labelled by MNHUB 2006” (
<collectionCode id="ED52D9C1FFAD8C00598C78C9FA98529D" box="[1212,1328,450,476]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">MNHUB</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC4104FFAD8C005DF578ECFC0F5143" blockId="33.[151,1436,151,962]" box="[197,935,487,514]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FFAD8C005DF578ECFE6D5140" bold="true" box="[197,453,487,513]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Additional material:</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D458A8DFFAD8C005CFC78E3FDD25143" box="[460,634,488,514]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="generic">170 specimens</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCount id="9D458A8DFFAD8C005FBA78E3FD6B52BA" box="[650,707,487,514]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="male">45 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D458A8DFFAD8C005FE178E3FCA252BA" box="[721,778,487,514]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="female">70 ♀</specimenCount>
, 55 unsexed)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC4104FFAD8C005DF57B06FAB85083" blockId="33.[151,1436,151,962]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<materialsCitation id="3B2B4B59FFAD8C005DF57B06FA305166" box="[197,1432,524,551]" collectingDate="1952-02-01" collectingDateMax="1952-04-01" collectingDateMin="1952-02-01" collectionCode="FMNH" collectorName="Field Mus. Nat. Hist." country="Argentina" location="Rio Matanza" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FFAD8C005DF57B06FDE85166" bold="true" box="[197,576,525,551]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<collectingCountry id="F3540194FFAD8C005DF57B06FE285166" box="[197,384,525,551]" name="Argentina" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">ARGENTINA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49878FE6FFAD8C005CBD7B06FD935166" box="[397,571,525,551]" country="Argentina" name="Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Buenos Aires</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<location id="8E9C17DFFFAD8C005F797B06FD4F5166" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EAF012FF938C005DA77AC6FAB85083:8E9C17DFFFAD8C005F797B06FD4F5166" box="[585,743,525,551]" country="Argentina" name="Rio Matanza" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" stateProvince="Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires">Rio Matanza</location>
,
<date id="FFFD67C4FFAD8C005FC47B06FC355166" box="[756,925,525,551]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" value="1952-02-01" valueMax="1952-04-01" valueMin="1952-02-01">
<collectingDate id="EFB99E2CFFAD8C005FC47B06FC355166" box="[756,925,525,551]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" value="1952-02-01" valueMax="1952-04-01" valueMin="1952-02-01">1.ii–1.iv.1952</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26B624D2FFAD8C005E9B7B06FB065166" box="[939,1198,525,551]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Field Mus. Nat. Hist.</collectorName>
,
<specimenCount id="9D458A8DFFAD8C00598C7B06FB405161" box="[1212,1256,524,551]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D458A8DFFAD8C0059C77B06FA8B5161" box="[1271,1315,524,551]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED52D9C1FFAD8C0058037B06FA385166" box="[1331,1424,525,551]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="Museum">FMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B2B4B59FFAD8C005DA77B39FB965133" collectingDate="1990-12-24" collectingDateMax="1991-01-06" collectingDateMin="1990-12-24" collectionCode="FMNH" collectorName="P. N. Iguazu &amp; S &amp; J. Peck" country="Argentina" elevation="180" location="Cent. Inest. Ecol. Subtrop." municipality="Misiones" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" specimenCount="29" specimenCount-female="5" specimenCount-male="6">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FFAD8C005DA77B39FEA7510D" bold="true" box="[151,271,562,588]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<collectingMunicipality id="6B98DB7EFFAD8C005DA77B39FEA2510D" box="[151,266,562,588]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Misiones</collectingMunicipality>
:
</emphasis>
<collectorName id="26B624D2FFAD8C005C267B39FE01510D" box="[278,425,562,588]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">P. N. Iguazu</collectorName>
,
<location id="8E9C17DFFFAD8C005C9D7B39FD44510D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EAF012FF938C005DA77AC6FAB85083:8E9C17DFFFAD8C005C9D7B39FD44510D" box="[429,748,562,588]" country="Argentina" municipality="Misiones" name="Cent. Inest. Ecol. Subtrop." pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Cent. Inest. Ecol. Subtrop.</location>
,
<date id="FFFD67C4FFAD8C005FCA7B39FC3F510D" box="[762,919,562,588]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" value="1990-12-24">
<collectingDate id="EFB99E2CFFAD8C005FCA7B39FC3F510D" box="[762,919,562,588]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" value="1990-12-24">24.XII. 1990</collectingDate>
</date>
–
<date id="FFFD67C4FFAD8C005E997B39FBAE510D" box="[937,1030,562,588]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" value="1991-01-06">
<collectingDate id="EFB99E2CFFAD8C005E997B39FBAE510D" box="[937,1030,562,588]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" value="1991-01-06">6.I.1991</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26B624D2FFAD8C0059247B39FB0E510D" box="[1044,1190,562,588]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">S &amp; J. Peck</collectorName>
,
<quantity id="4CBBECE1FFAD8C0059847B39FB52510D" box="[1204,1274,562,588]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="180.0">
<elevation id="006EA637FFAD8C0059847B39FB52510D" box="[1204,1274,562,588]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="180.0">180m</elevation>
</quantity>
, FMHD #90- 301, subtropical forest edge, 90–131, FIT,
<specimenCount id="9D458A8DFFAD8C005F977B53FD7C512A" box="[679,724,599,626]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="male">6 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D458A8DFFAD8C005FD47B53FCB9512A" box="[740,785,599,626]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="female">5 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D458A8DFFAD8C005E107B53FC6E5133" box="[800,966,600,626]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="generic">18 specimens</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED52D9C1FFAD8C005EE77B53FB9D5133" box="[983,1077,600,626]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="Museum">FMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B2B4B59FFAD8C00597C7B53FD3A51D6" collectingDate="1990-12-08" collectingDateMax="1991-01-06" collectingDateMin="1990-12-08" collectionCode="FMNH" collectorName="S &amp; J. Peck" country="Argentina" elevation="206" location="Empalme" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="4">
<location id="8E9C17DFFFAD8C00597C7B53FB685133" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EAF012FF938C005DA77AC6FAB85083:8E9C17DFFFAD8C00597C7B53FB685133" box="[1100,1216,600,626]" country="Argentina" name="Empalme" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Empalme</location>
101,
<date id="FFFD67C4FFAD8C0058377B53FA225133" box="[1287,1418,600,626]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" value="1990-12-08">
<collectingDate id="EFB99E2CFFAD8C0058377B53FA225133" box="[1287,1418,600,626]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" value="1990-12-08">8.XII.1990</collectingDate>
</date>
–
<date id="FFFD67C4FFAD8C005DA77B76FF5351D6" box="[151,251,637,663]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" value="1991-01-06">
<collectingDate id="EFB99E2CFFAD8C005DA77B76FF5351D6" box="[151,251,637,663]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" value="1991-01-06">6.I.1991</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26B624D2FFAD8C005C387B76FE3E51D6" box="[264,406,637,663]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">S &amp; J. Peck</collectorName>
,
<quantity id="4CBBECE1FFAD8C005C927B76FE4051D6" box="[418,488,637,663]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.06" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="206.0">
<elevation id="006EA637FFAD8C005C927B76FE4051D6" box="[418,488,637,663]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.06" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="206.0">206m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<specimenCount id="9D458A8DFFAD8C005CC57B76FD8851D1" box="[501,544,636,663]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="female">4 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED52D9C1FFAD8C005F1F7B76FD2251D6" box="[559,650,637,663]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="Museum">FMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B2B4B59FFAD8C005FAF7B76FC6951FD" collectingDate="1990-12-08" collectingDateMax="1991-01-06" collectingDateMin="1990-12-08" collectionCode="FMNH" collectorName="S &amp; J. Peck" country="Argentina" elevation="180" location="Puerto Canaos" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" specimenCount="118" specimenCount-female="43" specimenCount-male="38">
<location id="8E9C17DFFFAD8C005FAF7B76FCE551D6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EAF012FF938C005DA77AC6FAB85083:8E9C17DFFFAD8C005FAF7B76FCE551D6" box="[671,845,637,663]" country="Argentina" name="Puerto Canaos" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Puerto Canaos</location>
,
<date id="FFFD67C4FFAD8C005E6A7B76FC7551D6" box="[858,989,637,663]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" value="1990-12-08">
<collectingDate id="EFB99E2CFFAD8C005E6A7B76FC7551D6" box="[858,989,637,663]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" value="1990-12-08">8.XII.1990</collectingDate>
</date>
–
<date id="FFFD67C4FFAD8C005EDF7B76FBE651D6" box="[1007,1102,637,663]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" value="1991-01-06">
<collectingDate id="EFB99E2CFFAD8C005EDF7B76FBE651D6" box="[1007,1102,637,663]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" value="1991-01-06">6.I.1991</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26B624D2FFAD8C00596A7B76FB4051D6" box="[1114,1256,637,663]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">S &amp; J. Peck</collectorName>
,
<quantity id="4CBBECE1FFAD8C0059C57B76FA9251D6" box="[1269,1338,637,663]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="180.0">
<elevation id="006EA637FFAD8C0059C57B76FA9251D6" box="[1269,1338,637,663]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="180.0">180m</elevation>
</quantity>
, FMHD #90-262, river forest, 90-95, FIT,
<specimenCount id="9D458A8DFFAD8C005F127BA9FDF251F7" box="[546,602,674,700]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="male">38 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D458A8DFFAD8C005F597BA9FD0951F7" box="[617,673,674,700]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="female">43 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D458A8DFFAD8C005F9F7BA9FCE651FD" box="[687,846,674,700]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="generic">37 specimens</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED52D9C1FFAD8C005E6D7BA9FC1051FD" box="[861,952,674,700]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="Museum">FMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B2B4B59FFAD8C005EFC7BA9FCE851A3" collectionCode="FMNH" collectorName="Malkin" country="Bolivia" location="Rio Pilcomayo" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="4">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FFAD8C005EFC7BA9FBFC51FD" bold="true" box="[972,1108,674,700]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<collectingCountry id="F3540194FFAD8C005EFC7BA9FBE751FD" box="[972,1103,674,700]" name="Bolivia" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">BOLIVIA</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
<location id="8E9C17DFFFAD8C00596C7BA9FAA551FD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EAF012FF938C005DA77AC6FAB85083:8E9C17DFFFAD8C00596C7BA9FAA551FD" box="[1116,1293,674,700]" country="Bolivia" name="Rio Pilcomayo" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Rio Pilcomayo</location>
,
<locationDeviation id="9A4E5826FFAD8C0058297BA9FF5C51A3" location="Villa Montes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<quantity id="4CBBECE1FFAD8C0058297BA9FAF351FD" box="[1305,1371,674,700]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="km" value="50.0">50km</quantity>
Villa Montes
</locationDeviation>
, VIII.4.1964,
<collectorName id="26B624D2FFAD8C005C907BC3FE5251A3" box="[416,506,712,738]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Malkin</collectorName>
; under duna,
<specimenCount id="9D458A8DFFAD8C005FAF7BC3FD63519A" box="[671,715,711,738]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="female">4 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED52D9C1FFAD8C005FEB7BC3FC9051A3" box="[731,824,712,738]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="Museum">FMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B2B4B59FFAD8C005E7D7BCCFA825046" collectionCode="FMNH" collectorName="B. Zischka" country="Bolivia" elevation="2600" location="Cochabamba" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Cochabamba">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FFAD8C005E7D7BCCFBA851A0" bold="true" box="[845,1024,711,737]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<collectingRegion id="49878FE6FFAD8C005E7D7BCCFC5351A0" box="[845,1019,711,737]" country="Bolivia" name="Cochabamba" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Cochabamba</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CBBECE1FFAD8C0059397BC3FBF751A3" box="[1033,1119,712,738]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="2600.0">
<elevation id="006EA637FFAD8C0059397BC3FBF751A3" box="[1033,1119,712,738]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="2600.0">2600m</elevation>
</quantity>
, leg.
<collectorName id="26B624D2FFAD8C0059927BC3FA8151A3" box="[1186,1321,712,738]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">B. Zischka</collectorName>
; in red in scheerpeltz handwriting &quot;
<taxonomicName id="4C433A87FFAD8C005CE17BE6FC435046" authority="&quot; O. Scheerpeltz" authorityName="O. Scheerpeltz" box="[465,1003,749,775]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Philonthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cochabambanus">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FFAD8C005CE17BE6FC8B5047" box="[465,803,749,774]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Philonthus cochabambanus</emphasis>
&quot; O. Scheerpeltz
</taxonomicName>
(ms name),
<specimenCount id="9D458A8DFFAD8C0059B77BE6FB1C5041" box="[1159,1204,748,775]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED52D9C1FFAD8C0059F47BE6FA8A5046" box="[1220,1314,749,775]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="Museum">FMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B2B4B59FFAD8C0058077BE6FEC45013" collectionCode="HD" collectorName="Wagner &amp; Kethley, FM" country="Costa Rica" elevation="1219" latitude="8.766666" location="San Vito" longLatPrecision="1300" longitude="-82.96667" municipality="Finca Las Cruces" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Puntarenas">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FFAD8C0058077BE6FF46506D" bold="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<collectingCountry id="F3540194FFAD8C0058077BE6FF40506D" name="Costa Rica" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">COSTA RICA</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="49878FE6FFAD8C005DC77A19FE2A506D" box="[247,386,786,812]" country="Costa Rica" name="Puntarenas" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Puntarenas</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6B98DB7EFFAD8C005CBF7A19FDC0506D" box="[399,616,786,812]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Finca Las Cruces</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8E9C17DFFFAD8C005F467A19FD4B506D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EAF012FF938C005DA77AC6FAB85083:8E9C17DFFFAD8C005F467A19FD4B506D" box="[630,739,786,812]" country="Costa Rica" latitude="8.766666" longLatPrecision="1300" longitude="-82.96667" municipality="Finca Las Cruces" name="San Vito" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" stateProvince="Puntarenas">San Vito</location>
, III.19.1973,
<quantity id="4CBBECE1FFAD8C005EBC7A19FC4F506D" box="[908,999,786,812]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2192" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="ft" value="4000.0">
<elevation id="006EA637FFAD8C005EBC7A19FC4F506D" box="[908,999,786,812]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2192" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="ft" value="4000.0">4000ft.</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE7727C3FFAD8C005EC47A19FBFF506D" box="[1012,1111,786,812]" degrees="8" direction="north" minutes="46" orientation="latitude" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" precision="925" value="8.766666">8º 46`N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE7727C3FFAD8C0059557A19FB73506D" box="[1125,1243,786,812]" degrees="82" direction="west" minutes="58" orientation="longitude" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" precision="925" value="-82.96667">82º 58`W</geoCoordinate>
, leg.
<collectorName id="26B624D2FFAD8C00582F7A19FAD4506D" box="[1311,1404,786,812]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Wagner</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26B624D2FFAD8C005DA77A33FE985013" box="[151,304,824,850]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Kethley, FM</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED52D9C1FFAD8C005C087A33FECC5013" box="[312,356,824,850]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">HD</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
#
<materialsCitation id="3B2B4B59FFAD8C005CBC7A33FA3F5013" box="[396,1431,823,850]" collectionCode="FMNH" country="Costa Rica" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="4">
73-309, 1000cc conc. compost pile, coarse grass + sticks, banana grove,
<specimenCount id="9D458A8DFFAD8C0059C77A33FA8B500A" box="[1271,1315,823,850]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="female">4 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED52D9C1FFAD8C0058037A33FA385013" box="[1331,1424,824,850]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="Museum">FMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B2B4B59FFAD8C005DA77A56FB155036" box="[151,1213,860,887]" collectingDate="1989-07-18" collectionCode="FMNH" collectorName="H. Pine &amp; H. Richardson" country="Costa Rica" elevation="1400" location="San Vito" municipality="Monteverde" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<collectingMunicipality id="6B98DB7EFFAD8C005DA77A56FE815036" box="[151,297,861,887]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Monteverde</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8E9C17DFFFAD8C005C057A56FE085036" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EAF012FF938C005DA77AC6FAB85083:8E9C17DFFFAD8C005C057A56FE085036" box="[309,416,861,887]" country="Costa Rica" municipality="Monteverde" name="San Vito" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">San Vito</location>
,
<date id="FFFD67C4FFAD8C005C9C7A56FD975036" box="[428,575,861,887]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" value="1989-07-18">
<collectingDate id="EFB99E2CFFAD8C005C9C7A56FD975036" box="[428,575,861,887]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" value="1989-07-18">18.VII.1989</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<quantity id="4CBBECE1FFAD8C005F7C7A56FD0A5036" box="[588,674,861,887]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="1400.0">
<elevation id="006EA637FFAD8C005F7C7A56FD0A5036" box="[588,674,861,887]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="1400.0">1400m</elevation>
</quantity>
, leg.
<collectorName id="26B624D2FFAD8C005FD27A56FC935036" box="[738,827,861,887]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">H. Pine</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26B624D2FFAD8C005E537A56FBBA5036" box="[867,1042,861,887]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">H. Richardson</collectorName>
,
<specimenCount id="9D458A8DFFAD8C00592E7A56FBE25031" box="[1054,1098,860,887]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED52D9C1FFAD8C0059697A56FB1D5036" box="[1113,1205,861,887]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="Museum">FMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B2B4B59FFAD8C0059FA7A56FE6A5083" collectionCode="FMNH" collectorName="A. Newton" country="Panama" county="Canal Zone" location="Feb" municipality="Barro Colorado" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="4">
<collectingCountry id="F3540194FFAD8C0059FA7A56FAE35036" box="[1226,1355,861,887]" name="Panama" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">PANAMA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingCounty id="629D3988FFAD8C0058677A56FF7050DD" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Canal Zone</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6B98DB7EFFAD8C005DD67A89FE0150DD" box="[230,425,898,924]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Barro Colorado</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8E9C17DFFFAD8C005C867A89FE4B50DD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EAF012FF938C005DA77AC6FAB85083:8E9C17DFFFAD8C005C867A89FE4B50DD" box="[438,483,898,924]" country="Panama" county="Canal Zone" municipality="Barro Colorado" name="Feb" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Feb</location>
11/16–20, 1976,
<collectorName id="26B624D2FFAD8C005F8D7A89FCEE50DD" box="[701,838,898,924]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">A. Newton</collectorName>
, on human feces/ external refuse deposit of
<emphasis id="B9379D16FFAD8C0058597A89FEB65080" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<taxonomicName id="4C433A87FFAD8C0058597A89FEB25080" authority="Colombica" authorityName="Colombica" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Atta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Atta Colombica</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D458A8DFFAD8C005C167AA3FEF850FA" box="[294,336,935,962]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="female">4 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED52D9C1FFAD8C005C6F7AA3FE135083" box="[351,443,936,962]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="Museum">FMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B2B4B59FFAD8C005CFE7AACFAA45083" box="[462,1292,935,962]" collectingDate="1922-05" collectionCode="FMNH" collectorName="Coll. Dr. F. Psota" country="Venezuela" location="Los Chorros" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" specimenCount="7" specimenCount-female="7">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FFAD8C005CFE7AACFD255080" bold="true" box="[462,653,935,961]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<collectingCountry id="F3540194FFAD8C005CFE7AACFD215080" box="[462,649,935,961]" name="Venezuela" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">VENEZUELA</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
<location id="8E9C17DFFFAD8C005FA57AA3FC815083" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EAF012FF938C005DA77AC6FAB85083:8E9C17DFFFAD8C005FA57AA3FC815083" box="[661,809,936,962]" country="Venezuela" name="Los Chorros" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Los Chorros</location>
,
<date id="FFFD67C4FFAD8C005E057AA3FC235083" box="[821,907,936,962]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" value="1922-05">
<collectingDate id="EFB99E2CFFAD8C005E057AA3FC235083" box="[821,907,936,962]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" value="1922-05">V.1922</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26B624D2FFAD8C005EA77AA3FBCB5083" box="[919,1123,936,962]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Coll. Dr. F. Psota</collectorName>
,
<specimenCount id="9D458A8DFFAD8C00595F7AA3FB3150FA" box="[1135,1177,935,962]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="female">7 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED52D9C1FFAD8C0059987AA3FAAB5083" box="[1192,1283,936,962]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="Museum">FMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>