281 lines
34 KiB
XML
281 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.37520/fi.2021.014" ID-ISSN="2533-4069" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7167141" approvalRequired="14" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="9" approvalRequired_for_treatments="5" checkinTime="1665258638564" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Bamford, Marion & Pickford, Martin" docDate="2021" docId="03CD87D8FFEEFF98DCEAF99A1BC7FDC5" docLanguage="en" docName="FossilImprint.77.1.187-213.pdf" docOrigin="Fossil Imprint 77 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/fi.2021.014" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634.2:FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleId="0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634" docStyleName="FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Terminalioxylon mozambicense Bamford & Pickford 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="205" masterDocId="FFF4FFA0FFFCFF8CDC0EFFD01B30F840" masterDocTitle="Stratigraphy, Chronology And Palaeontology Of The Tertiary Rocks Of The Cheringoma Plateau, Mozambique" masterLastPageNumber="213" masterPageNumber="187" pageNumber="205" updateTime="1665272107479" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-3.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Stratigraphy, Chronology And Palaeontology Of The Tertiary Rocks Of The Cheringoma Plateau, Mozambique</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bamford, Marion</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pickford, Martin</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Fossil Imprint</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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||
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2021-12-09</mods:number>
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||
</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>77</mods:number>
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||
</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>187</mods:start>
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<mods:end>213</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/fi.2021.014</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.37520/fi.2021.014</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">2533-4069</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7167141</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD87D8FFEEFF98DCEAF99A1BC7FDC5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CD87D8FFEEFF98DCEAF99A1BC7FDC5" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="205" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="205" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="18.[228,668,1610,1635]" box="[228,668,1610,1635]" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">
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<heading box="[228,668,1610,1635]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="205" reason="2">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[228,668,1610,1635]" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">
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<taxonomicName authority="Bamford & Pickford, 2021" authorityName="Bamford & Pickford" authorityYear="2021" box="[228,576,1610,1634]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Terminalioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="18" pageNumber="205" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mozambicense" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[228,576,1610,1634]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">Terminalioxylon mozambicense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[583,668,1611,1635]" pageId="18" pageNumber="205" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="18.[386,510,1643,1667]" box="[386,510,1643,1667]" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">
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||
<figureCitation box="[386,510,1643,1667]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="19.[125,206,1902,1923]" captionTargetBox="[125,1439,151,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-2@19.[125,1440,151,1886]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Text-fig. 16. Photomicrographs of thin sections of specimen BP/16/1734, Terminalioxylon mozambicense sp. nov. from Mhengere Hill, Gorongosa, Mozambique. a: TS with round vessels, scanty paratracheal to vasicentric parenchyma, diffuse and narrow terminal or initial bands; b: TS at higher magnification, note the very narrow rays; c: TLS, vessels with small alternate pits, and partly tylosed; d–g: TLS with crystals (small white arrows) in the parenchyma cells, medium to thick-walled fibres and uniseriate, low rays; h: TLS, rays up to 20 cells high; i: RLS rays with procumbent body cells and 1–2 rows of marginal upright cells." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167187" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167187/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">Text-fig. 16</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="207" pageId="18" pageNumber="205" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="18.[166,604,1690,1715]" box="[166,604,1690,1715]" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">
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H o l o t y p e. BP/16/1734 (
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<figureCitation box="[463,592,1690,1714]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="19.[125,206,1902,1923]" captionTargetBox="[125,1439,151,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-2@19.[125,1440,151,1886]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Text-fig. 16. Photomicrographs of thin sections of specimen BP/16/1734, Terminalioxylon mozambicense sp. nov. from Mhengere Hill, Gorongosa, Mozambique. a: TS with round vessels, scanty paratracheal to vasicentric parenchyma, diffuse and narrow terminal or initial bands; b: TS at higher magnification, note the very narrow rays; c: TLS, vessels with small alternate pits, and partly tylosed; d–g: TLS with crystals (small white arrows) in the parenchyma cells, medium to thick-walled fibres and uniseriate, low rays; h: TLS, rays up to 20 cells high; i: RLS rays with procumbent body cells and 1–2 rows of marginal upright cells." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167187" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167187/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">Text-fig. 16</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="18.[129,765,1738,1795]" box="[166,765,1738,1763]" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">P l a n t F o s s i l N a m e s R e g i s t r y N u m b e r.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="18.[129,765,1738,1795]" box="[129,455,1771,1795]" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">PFN002687 (for new species).</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="18.[129,767,1818,1875]" box="[166,767,1818,1842]" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">A d d i t i o n a l m a t e r i a l. BP/16/1731, 1735, 1736,</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="18.[129,767,1818,1875]" box="[129,189,1851,1875]" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">1737.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="18.[129,767,1898,2020]" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">
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<materialsCitation collectionCode="R" country="South Africa" county="Johannesburg" location="Curated" municipality="Witwatersrand" pageId="18" pageNumber="205" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectionCode box="[166,184,1899,1922]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">R</collectionCode>
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e p o s i t o r y.
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD87D8FFEEFF98DCEAF99A1BC7FDC5:8EBB6015FFEEFF9EDD54F8BA1A9EFFC2" box="[346,430,1898,1922]" country="South Africa" county="Johannesburg" municipality="Witwatersrand" name="Curated" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">Curated</location>
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at the
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD87D8FFEEFF98DCEAF99A1BC7FDC5:8EBB6015FFEEFF9EDDFFF8BA19CBFFC2" box="[497,763,1898,1922]" country="South Africa" county="Johannesburg" municipality="Witwatersrand" name="Palaeobotany Herbarium" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">Palaeobotany Herbarium</location>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD87D8FFEEFF98DCEAF99A1BC7FDC5:8EBB6015FFEEFF9EDC8FF85B1A8EFFE3" box="[129,446,1931,1955]" country="South Africa" county="Johannesburg" municipality="Witwatersrand" name="Evolutionary Studies Institute" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">Evolutionary Studies Institute</location>
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(previously the Bernard Price Institute),
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD87D8FFEEFF98DCEAF99A1BC7FDC5:8EBB6015FFEEFF9EDCFCF87B1A53FF83" box="[242,355,1963,1987]" country="South Africa" county="Johannesburg" municipality="Witwatersrand" name="University" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">University</location>
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of the
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<collectingMunicipality box="[441,600,1963,1987]" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">Witwatersrand</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCounty box="[614,763,1963,1987]" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">Johannesburg</collectingCounty>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[129,264,1996,2020]" name="South Africa" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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(for both
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<typeStatus box="[371,464,1996,2020]" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">holotype</typeStatus>
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and
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<typeStatus box="[517,722,1996,2020]" isOtherTypeStatus="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">additional material</typeStatus>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="18.[129,767,2043,2100]" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">
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E t y m o l o g y. The species name is for
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<emphasis box="[629,767,2043,2067]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">
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<collectingCountry box="[629,767,2043,2067]" name="Mozambique" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
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</emphasis>
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with the latin suffix
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<emphasis box="[343,390,2077,2100]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">ense</emphasis>
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meaning “from”.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="18.[843,1482,150,240]" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">
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<materialsCitation collectionCode="T" latitude="-18.933887" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="34.614056" pageId="18" pageNumber="205" specimenCount="1">
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<collectionCode box="[881,897,152,175]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">T</collectionCode>
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y p e l o c a l i t y. Mhengere Hill, Site 3 (
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<geoCoordinate box="[1331,1478,150,175]" degrees="18" direction="south" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="205" precision="1" seconds="02.0" value="-18.933887">18°56′02.0″S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate box="[843,991,182,207]" degrees="34" direction="east" minutes="36" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="205" precision="1" seconds="50.6" value="34.614056">34°36′50.6″E</geoCoordinate>
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). Fossil wood associated with palaeopan, lower northwest slope (
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<figureCitation box="[1092,1205,216,240]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="10.[147,228,2019,2040]" captionTargetBox="[147,1462,1090,2003]" captionTargetId="figure-453@10.[147,1462,1090,2003]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Text-fig. 8. Mhengere Hill fossiliferous localities (1–3). Silicified tree trunks and fragments of wood are abundant in the poorly indurated basal deposits (marly sand and conglomerate) as well as in the silicified lime-rich sandstones that form the hill, which is interpreted to be the remains of a palaeopan. Image modified from Google Earth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167163" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167163/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">Text-fig. 8</figureCitation>
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), probably late Eocene
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="18.[843,1482,263,737]" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">
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D i a g n o s i s. The wood is diffuse porous and growth rings are absent to indistinct. Vessels are arranged in short radial multiples, often solitary but with lines of two or three pores. Some vessels are tylosed, and range in diameter from 145–175 µm (
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<figureCitation box="[992,1158,391,415]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="19.[125,206,1902,1923]" captionTargetBox="[125,1439,151,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-2@19.[125,1440,151,1886]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Text-fig. 16. Photomicrographs of thin sections of specimen BP/16/1734, Terminalioxylon mozambicense sp. nov. from Mhengere Hill, Gorongosa, Mozambique. a: TS with round vessels, scanty paratracheal to vasicentric parenchyma, diffuse and narrow terminal or initial bands; b: TS at higher magnification, note the very narrow rays; c: TLS, vessels with small alternate pits, and partly tylosed; d–g: TLS with crystals (small white arrows) in the parenchyma cells, medium to thick-walled fibres and uniseriate, low rays; h: TLS, rays up to 20 cells high; i: RLS rays with procumbent body cells and 1–2 rows of marginal upright cells." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167187" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167187/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">Text-fig. 16a–c</figureCitation>
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). Perforation plates are simple and horizontal. Inter-vessel pits are alternate and 6–8 µm and vessel-parenchyma pits are the same (
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<figureCitation box="[1299,1469,456,480]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="19.[125,206,1902,1923]" captionTargetBox="[125,1439,151,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-2@19.[125,1440,151,1886]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Text-fig. 16. Photomicrographs of thin sections of specimen BP/16/1734, Terminalioxylon mozambicense sp. nov. from Mhengere Hill, Gorongosa, Mozambique. a: TS with round vessels, scanty paratracheal to vasicentric parenchyma, diffuse and narrow terminal or initial bands; b: TS at higher magnification, note the very narrow rays; c: TLS, vessels with small alternate pits, and partly tylosed; d–g: TLS with crystals (small white arrows) in the parenchyma cells, medium to thick-walled fibres and uniseriate, low rays; h: TLS, rays up to 20 cells high; i: RLS rays with procumbent body cells and 1–2 rows of marginal upright cells." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167187" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167187/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">Text-fig. 16a, b</figureCitation>
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). Parenchyma is scanty paratracheal to vasicentric and also diffuse (
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<figureCitation box="[931,1073,520,544]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="19.[125,206,1902,1923]" captionTargetBox="[125,1439,151,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-2@19.[125,1440,151,1886]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Text-fig. 16. Photomicrographs of thin sections of specimen BP/16/1734, Terminalioxylon mozambicense sp. nov. from Mhengere Hill, Gorongosa, Mozambique. a: TS with round vessels, scanty paratracheal to vasicentric parenchyma, diffuse and narrow terminal or initial bands; b: TS at higher magnification, note the very narrow rays; c: TLS, vessels with small alternate pits, and partly tylosed; d–g: TLS with crystals (small white arrows) in the parenchyma cells, medium to thick-walled fibres and uniseriate, low rays; h: TLS, rays up to 20 cells high; i: RLS rays with procumbent body cells and 1–2 rows of marginal upright cells." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167187" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167187/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">Text-fig. 16a</figureCitation>
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). There are 2–4 cells per parenchyma strand. Prismatic crystals occur in the diffuse parenchyma cells and the ray cells (
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<figureCitation box="[1079,1247,584,608]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="19.[125,206,1902,1923]" captionTargetBox="[125,1439,151,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-2@19.[125,1440,151,1886]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Text-fig. 16. Photomicrographs of thin sections of specimen BP/16/1734, Terminalioxylon mozambicense sp. nov. from Mhengere Hill, Gorongosa, Mozambique. a: TS with round vessels, scanty paratracheal to vasicentric parenchyma, diffuse and narrow terminal or initial bands; b: TS at higher magnification, note the very narrow rays; c: TLS, vessels with small alternate pits, and partly tylosed; d–g: TLS with crystals (small white arrows) in the parenchyma cells, medium to thick-walled fibres and uniseriate, low rays; h: TLS, rays up to 20 cells high; i: RLS rays with procumbent body cells and 1–2 rows of marginal upright cells." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167187" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167187/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">Text-fig. 16d–g</figureCitation>
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). Rays are exclusively uniseriate and up to 16 cells high (175-400-500 µm), and procumbent body cells with 1–2 rows of marginal, square or upright cells that are difficult to see because of the dark cell contents (
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<figureCitation box="[945,1082,712,737]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="19.[125,206,1902,1923]" captionTargetBox="[125,1439,151,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-2@19.[125,1440,151,1886]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Text-fig. 16. Photomicrographs of thin sections of specimen BP/16/1734, Terminalioxylon mozambicense sp. nov. from Mhengere Hill, Gorongosa, Mozambique. a: TS with round vessels, scanty paratracheal to vasicentric parenchyma, diffuse and narrow terminal or initial bands; b: TS at higher magnification, note the very narrow rays; c: TLS, vessels with small alternate pits, and partly tylosed; d–g: TLS with crystals (small white arrows) in the parenchyma cells, medium to thick-walled fibres and uniseriate, low rays; h: TLS, rays up to 20 cells high; i: RLS rays with procumbent body cells and 1–2 rows of marginal upright cells." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167187" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167187/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">Text-fig. 16i</figureCitation>
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). No canals were seen.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="18.[843,1482,760,2100]" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">
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C o m p a r i s o n s. The
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Park, Tinley" authorityYear="1977" box="[1143,1258,760,784]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Gorongosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gorongosa</taxonomicName>
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wood is very similar to
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<taxonomicName box="[871,1152,792,816]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Terminalioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="18" pageNumber="205" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tunesense">
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<emphasis box="[871,1152,792,816]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">Terminalioxylon tunesense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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DUPÉRON- LAUDOUEN. described from the late Oligocene to early Miocene of
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<collectingCountry box="[1309,1386,824,848]" name="Tunisia" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
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(DelteilDesneux 1981) except that the vessels of the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Park, Tinley" authorityYear="1977" box="[1303,1418,856,880]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Gorongosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gorongosa</taxonomicName>
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wood are smaller, it has rare diffuse parenchyma with prismatic crystals, as well as crystals in the ray cells (like the Tunisian specimen). Vessel size is not a reliable taxonomic feature and the presence of diffuse parenchyma is easy to miss. The geographic separation of the two sites is considerable so in order to avoid unreliable phytogeographic correlations, the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Park, Tinley" authorityYear="1977" box="[843,958,1081,1105]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Gorongosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gorongosa</taxonomicName>
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wood has been placed in a new species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="18.[843,1482,760,2100]" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">
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There are 57 examples of fossil
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<taxonomicName authorityName="E. SCHONFELD" authorityYear="1947" box="[1230,1404,1113,1137]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Terminalioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="18" pageNumber="205" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1230,1404,1113,1137]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">Terminalioxylon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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woods listed in the InsideWood database but none of them is compatible with the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Park, Tinley" authorityYear="1977" box="[1057,1174,1177,1201]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Gorongosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gorongosa</taxonomicName>
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wood samples. For example, only ten of the listed woods have diffuse parenchyma. Of these ten, only three have rays with only one row of upright marginal cells (
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<taxonomicName box="[1005,1289,1273,1297]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Terminalioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="18" pageNumber="205" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chiedense">
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<emphasis box="[1005,1289,1273,1297]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">Terminalioxylon chiedense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1301,1438,1274,1297]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Terminalioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="18" pageNumber="205" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coriaceum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1301,1438,1274,1297]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">T. coriaceum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[843,934,1305,1329]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Terminalioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="18" pageNumber="205" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="felixii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[843,934,1305,1329]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">T. felixii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[960,1250,1305,1329]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Terminalioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="18" pageNumber="205" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chiedense">
|
||
<emphasis box="[960,1250,1305,1329]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">Terminalioxylon chiedense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has wider rays, 1–2 cells with the uniseriate portion as wide as the multiseriate portion (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fessler-Vrolant, C." box="[935,1167,1370,1394]" pageId="18" pageNumber="205" pagination="197 - 224" refId="ref16175" refString="Fessler-Vrolant, C. (1980): Etude de quelques bois de Tunisie. - In: Comptes Rendus du 105 eme Congres National de la Societe des Savants, Caen, 1980, Sciences, vol. 1, pp. 197 - 224." type="journal article" year="1980">Fessler-Vrolant 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1187,1482,1370,1394]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Terminalioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="18" pageNumber="205" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coriaceum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1187,1482,1370,1394]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">Terminalioxylon coriaceum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has some vessels more than 200 µm in diameter and confluent parenchyma (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Licht, A. & Boura, A. & De Franceschi, D. & Ducrocq, S. & Aung Naing Soe & Jaeger, J. J." box="[1098,1287,1434,1458]" pageId="18" pageNumber="205" pagination="29 - 46" refId="ref17521" refString="Licht, A., Boura, A., De Franceschi, D., Ducrocq, S., Aung Naing Soe, Jaeger, J. J. (2014): Fossil woods from the late middle Eocene Pondaung Formation, Myanmar. - Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 202: 29 - 46. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. revpalbo. 2013.12.002" type="journal article" year="2014">Licht et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Terminalioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="18" pageNumber="205" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="felixii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">Terminalioxylon felixii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has intervessel pits that are 10 µm wide, some confluent parenchyma, terminal parenchyma bands and tyloses (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lakhanpal, R. N. & Guleria, J. S. & Awasthi, N." box="[935,1188,1530,1554]" pageId="18" pageNumber="205" pagination="228 - 319" refId="ref17343" refString="Lakhanpal, R. N., Guleria, J. S., Awasthi, N. (1984): The fossil floras of Kachchh. III. Tertiary megafossils. - The Palaeobotanist, 33: 228 - 319." type="journal article" year="1984">Lakhanpal et al. 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). None of these described woods matches the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Park, Tinley" authorityYear="1977" box="[1052,1169,1562,1586]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Gorongosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gorongosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
woods.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="18.[843,1482,760,2100]" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">
|
||
Four other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="E. SCHONFELD" authorityYear="1947" box="[1135,1309,1594,1618]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Terminalioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="18" pageNumber="205" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1135,1309,1594,1618]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">Terminalioxylon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and one fossil
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[843,959,1626,1650]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Terminalia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="18" pageNumber="205" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[843,959,1626,1650]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">Terminalia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. have been described from Tertiary rocks of Africa (
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="M. K. BAMFORD" authorityName="M. K. BAMFORD" box="[935,1428,1658,1682]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Terminalioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="18" pageNumber="205" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crystallinum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[935,1258,1658,1682]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">Terminalioxylon crystallinum</emphasis>
|
||
M.K.BAMFORD
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="M. K. BAMFORD" authorityName="M. K. BAMFORD" box="[843,1298,1690,1714]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Terminalioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="18" pageNumber="205" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orangense">
|
||
<emphasis box="[843,1136,1690,1714]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">Terminalioxylon orangense</emphasis>
|
||
M.K.BAMFORD
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the middle Miocene of
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[992,1084,1723,1747]" name="Namibia" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">Namibia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bamford, M. K." box="[1108,1279,1723,1747]" pageId="18" pageNumber="205" pagination="23 - 34" refId="ref15122" refString="Bamford, M. K. (2003): Fossil woods from Auchas and their palaeoenvironment. - Memoir of the Geological Survey of Namibia, 19: 23 - 34." type="journal article" year="2003">Bamford 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="LEMOIGNE et J. BEAUCH." authorityName="LEMOIGNE et J. BEAUCH." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Terminalioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="18" pageNumber="205" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="welkitii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">Terminalioxylon welkitii</emphasis>
|
||
LEMOIGNE et J.BEAUCH.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Miocene of
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[843,933,1787,1811]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lemoigne, Y. & Beauchamp, J." box="[957,1337,1787,1811]" pageId="18" pageNumber="205" pagination="336 - 352" refId="ref17455" refString="Lemoigne, Y., Beauchamp, J. (1972): Paleoflores tertiaires de la region de Welkite (Ethiopie, province du Shoa). - Bulletin de la Societe geologique de France, 7 eme serie, 14: 336 - 352. https: // doi. org / 10.2113 / gssgfbull. S 7 - XIV. 1 - 5.336" type="journal article" year="1972">Lemoigne and Beauchamp 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="BANDE, DECHAMPS, R. N. LAKH. et U. PRAKASH" authorityName="BANDE, DECHAMPS, R. N. LAKH. et U. PRAKASH" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Terminalia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="18" pageNumber="205" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="preglaucescens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">Terminalia preglaucescens</emphasis>
|
||
BANDE, DECHAMPS, R.N.LAKH. et U.PRAKASH
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the early Miocene of
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1168,1224,1851,1875]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">Zaire</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bande, M. B. & Dechamps, R. & Lakhanpal, R. N. & Prakash, U." box="[1246,1460,1851,1875]" pageId="18" pageNumber="205" pagination="113 - 140" refId="ref15155" refString="Bande, M. B., Dechamps, R., Lakhanpal, R. N., Prakash, U. (1987): Some new fossil woods from the Cenozoic of Zaire. - Rapport Annuel du Departement de Geologie et de Mineralogie du Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, 1985 - 1986: 113 - 140." type="journal article" year="1987">Bande et al. 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)). The species vary slightly in average vessel diameters and degree of heterogeneity of the ray cells. None has diffuse parenchyma recorded.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="18.[843,1482,760,2100]" lastBlockId="20.[129,768,1069,1413]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="207" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">
|
||
Trees of the
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1035,1188,1979,2003]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="18" pageNumber="205" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Combretaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are common in southern Africa with members of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1160,1286,2011,2035]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Combretum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="18" pageNumber="205" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1160,1286,2011,2035]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">Combretum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1365,1482,2011,2035]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Terminalia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="18" pageNumber="205" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1365,1482,2011,2035]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">Terminalia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
being the most common. In
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1163,1304,2044,2068]" name="Mozambique" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
today there are about 11 species of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1071,1188,2076,2100]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Terminalia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="18" pageNumber="205" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1071,1188,2076,2100]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="205">Terminalia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(out of a worldwide total of 150). Other genera include
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[492,614,1069,1092]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Lumnitzera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="20" pageNumber="207" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[492,614,1069,1092]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="207">Lumnitzera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[636,767,1069,1092]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Meiostemon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="20" pageNumber="207" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[636,767,1069,1092]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="207">Meiostemon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Burroughs et al. 2018)" baseAuthorityName="Burroughs" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[183,589,1101,1125]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Pteleopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="20" pageNumber="207" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[183,293,1101,1125]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="207">Pteleopsis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Burroughs, J. E. & Burroughs, S. M. & Lotter, M. C. & Schmidt, E." box="[316,581,1101,1125]" pageId="20" pageNumber="207" refId="ref15441" refString="Burroughs, J. E., Burroughs, S. M., Lotter, M. C., Schmidt, E. (2018): Trees and Shrubs Mozambique. - Publishing Print Matters (Pty) Ltd, Noordhoek, Cape Town, 1124 pp." type="book" year="2018">Burroughs et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Woods of the
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[129,282,1133,1157]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="20" pageNumber="207" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Combretaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been well studied (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="van Vliet, G. J. C. M." box="[551,714,1133,1157]" pageId="20" pageNumber="207" pagination="171 - 223" refId="ref19495" refString="van Vliet, G. J. C. M. (1978): Wood anatomy of the Combretaceae. - Blumea, 115: 171 - 223." type="journal article" year="1978">van Vliet 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and the genera are distinguishable. In
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[497,638,1165,1189]" name="Mozambique" pageId="20" pageNumber="207">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
today there are ten species of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[328,445,1197,1221]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Terminalia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="20" pageNumber="207" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[328,445,1197,1221]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="207">Terminalia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, all trees or shrubs, and their habitats range from rocky hillsides and ravines, Miombo woodland and forest to low altitude woodland (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Burroughs, J. E. & Burroughs, S. M. & Lotter, M. C. & Schmidt, E." pageId="20" pageNumber="207" refId="ref15441" refString="Burroughs, J. E., Burroughs, S. M., Lotter, M. C., Schmidt, E. (2018): Trees and Shrubs Mozambique. - Publishing Print Matters (Pty) Ltd, Noordhoek, Cape Town, 1124 pp." type="book" year="2018">Burroughs et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Extrapolating the environmental setting for the fossil wood from the modern analogues it is possible to infer that a tropical wooded environment was likely to be the setting.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |