plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/03/C7/41/03C741621554473ABDDF35AFFC44FF62.xml
maintenance bc2564723d added 03
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

295 lines
36 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="7ECDB6CD290DBC2A538342289B09612B" ID-CLB-Dataset="264199" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5332.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="66e0ec51-d494-43d4-965e-a2cd1462ef54" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8261502" ID-ZooBank="424F7439-4095-46A5-93E3-C4130E3B6D9A" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1692350092877" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="POORANI, J." docDate="2023" docId="03C741621554473ABDDF35AFFC44FF62" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5332.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5332 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5332.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Synona obscura Poorani, Slipinski &amp; Booth" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="270" masterDocId="FFFE391A14584637BD48367CFFCDFF9B" masterDocTitle="An illustrated guide to lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of the Indian Subcontinent. Part 1. Tribe Coccinellini" masterLastPageNumber="307" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="269" updateTime="1699593964221" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="C62549D420FC22250827D01148A1AF87" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="C22CBACB9560C8DF1C5E92D6D3A55B6D">
<mods:title id="80A95D697F4D9559712ACD46DAD49147">An illustrated guide to lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of the Indian Subcontinent. Part 1. Tribe Coccinellini</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="B7B3E9770B615FBB63C926D03C9E2215" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B8AA68EC36AA019CAF765BF67468DB46">
<mods:roleTerm id="C8399C0531AD0199F2307DCDE30AF0EB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="9DE370CA64DEEA29FD20997F01093CCE">POORANI, J.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="DBE0BC7F4A236CC8CB83060B15361C33">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="E640DEED6F2EADFBB54163C0EEA86561" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="9EAA589FDCC379BB348D8E284D44451B">
<mods:title id="301FA65DCF3DAB5360275E5F183FD3B2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="44A4E58824DBC6B00E3D21133E50D869">
<mods:date id="B4B0DE3D26B99CBC6DEA10A11F8E813E">2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="FEC111415971D747C7CEF90CAD10CC59" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="9B82511FD2C9747D006068D1FEE7FFB0">2023-08-18</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="91523F1429F48D1168CB76B9FD00D2AF" type="volume">
<mods:number id="802BBD9D783E3B7E65853245DBFADCE4">5332</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="BD240BBA08321E12740549509B1173FE" type="issue">
<mods:number id="FB1CC558418CB8A723304AF1649F62AC">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="6C43765B188DEE35A46434D7AED8C921" unit="page">
<mods:start id="3E91C740C781E5ABB541A58C3EB30745">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="D35E8B60E17EF0B5C49B2372BB45C7EA">307</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="18AC2232DDC776525F24654F53E4237C">
<mods:url id="F8D5AE24134D767B22C86ECC17DC5805">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5332.1.1</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="EBB09CECBC27F727B1C3A0400297C38C">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="5261DE66011D8E6F60F08E916B75A50E" type="CLB-Dataset">264199</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6D60F0533D8B48ACA6D4951F7CC2A7B0" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5332.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6A6E96A2A4325CBFA36398F9917A62DA" type="GBIF-Dataset">66e0ec51-d494-43d4-965e-a2cd1462ef54</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3E86B10E2DCE7BF4728E61D3DDD0C963" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="BE092034427C0E165E03426D92ACF8F7" type="Zenodo-Dep">8261502</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="AB991576DF4655B96CC4877CC08AFA5E" type="ZooBank">424F7439-4095-46A5-93E3-C4130E3B6D9A</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03C741621554473ABDDF35AFFC44FF62" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8273900" ID-GBIF-Taxon="212450175" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8273900" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C741621554473ABDDF35AFFC44FF62" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C741621554473ABDDF35AFFC44FF62" lastPageId="269" lastPageNumber="270" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF1554473BBDDF35AFFD7EFC76" box="[151,691,978,1008]" pageId="268" pageNumber="269" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD1F0741554473BBDDF35AFFD7EFC76" blockId="268.[151,691,978,1041]" box="[151,691,978,1008]" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">
<heading id="D09947181554473BBDDF35AFFD7EFC76" bold="true" box="[151,691,978,1008]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="268" pageNumber="269" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71554473BBDDF35AFFD7EFC76" authority="Poorani, Slipinski &amp; Booth" authorityName="Poorani, Slipinski &amp; Booth" box="[151,691,978,1008]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Synona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="268" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscura">
<emphasis id="B91A2C661554473BBDDF35AFFD7EFC76" bold="true" box="[151,691,978,1008]" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis id="B91A2C661554473BBDDF35AFFE97FC76" bold="true" box="[151,346,978,1005]" italics="true" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">Synona obscura</emphasis>
Poorani, Ślipiński &amp; Booth
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF1554473BBDDF358BFEAAFB8A" box="[151,359,1015,1041]" pageId="268" pageNumber="269" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD1F0741554473BBDDF358BFEAAFB8A" blockId="268.[151,691,978,1041]" box="[151,359,1015,1041]" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">
(
<figureCitation id="1355ECF11554473BBDD7358BFEC9FB8A" box="[159,260,1015,1041]" captionStart="FIGURE 192" captionStartId="266.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[208,1382,181,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-20@266.[205,1382,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="266" captionText="FIGURE 192. Synona obscura: a. adult, dorsal view; b. abdomen, female; c. abdominal postcoxal line; d. female genitalia; e. spermatheca; f–h. male genitalia: f. tegmen, lateral view; g. tegmen, ventral view; h. penis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8262178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8262178/files/figure.png" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">Figs 192</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1355ECF11554473BBC58358BFE92FB8A" box="[272,351,1015,1041]" captionStart="FIGURE 193" captionStartId="267.[151,250,1848,1872]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1824]" captionTargetId="figure-15@267.[151,1436,181,1824]" captionTargetPageId="267" captionText="FIGURE 193. a–f. Synona obscura: life stages: a. eggs; b, c. larva; d, e. pupa; f. adult; g–j. Synona melanopepla (Mulsant), live adult." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8262186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8262186/files/figure.png" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">193a–f</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF1554473BBDDF3247FE90FBEA" pageId="268" pageNumber="269" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BD1F0741554473BBDDF3247FB3CFBC8" blockId="268.[151,1265,1083,1168]" box="[151,1265,1083,1110]" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7ED75A1554473BBDDF3247FB3CFBC8" box="[151,1265,1083,1110]" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD6651554473BBDDF3247FD0AFBC8" author="Poorani, J. &amp; Slipinski, A. &amp; Booth, R. G." box="[151,711,1083,1110]" page="588" pageId="268" pageNumber="269" year="2008">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71554473BBDDF3247FD0AFBC8" authority="Poorani, Slipinski &amp; Booth, 2008: 588" authorityName="Poorani, Slipinski &amp; Booth" authorityPageNumber="588" authorityYear="2008" box="[151,711,1083,1110]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Synona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="268" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscura">
<emphasis id="B91A2C661554473BBDDF3247FEF7FBC8" box="[151,314,1083,1107]" italics="true" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">Synona obscura</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B06FA291554473BBC083247FD0AFBC8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4399052320" box="[320,711,1083,1110]" collectionCode="NBAIR" pageId="268" pageNumber="269" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D851554473BBC083247FD0AFBC8" author="Poorani, J. &amp; Slipinski, A. &amp; Booth, R. G." box="[320,711,1083,1110]" pageId="268" pageNumber="269" pagination="579 - 594" refId="ref119452" refString="Poorani, J., Slipinski, A. &amp; Booth, R. G. (2008) A revision of Synona Pope (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Coccinellini). Annales Zoologici, 58, 579 - 594. https: // doi. org / 10.3161 / 000345408 X 364427" type="journal article" year="2008">Poorani, Ślipiński &amp; Booth, 2008: 588</bibRefCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(
<typeStatus id="54D54ED61554473BBF9C3247FCF9FBC8" box="[724,820,1083,1107]" pageId="268" pageNumber="269" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
female, NBAIR; Type locality: Bangalore).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F0741554473BBDDF3226FE90FBEA" blockId="268.[151,1265,1083,1168]" box="[151,349,1114,1137]" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71554473BBDDF3226FED3FBEA" authorityName=": Weise" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,286,1114,1137]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Synia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="268" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rougeti">
<emphasis id="B91A2C661554473BBDDF3226FED3FBEA" box="[151,286,1114,1137]" italics="true" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">Synia rougeti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
auctt.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF1554473BBDDF3205FE3DFB0B" box="[151,496,1144,1168]" pageId="268" pageNumber="269" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD1F0741554473BBDDF3205FE3DFB0B" blockId="268.[151,1265,1083,1168]" box="[151,496,1144,1168]" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71554473BBDDF3205FEF3FB0B" authorityName="Mulsant" authorityYear="1850" box="[151,318,1144,1168]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Synia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="268" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanaria">
<emphasis id="B91A2C661554473BBDDF3205FEF3FB0B" box="[151,318,1144,1168]" italics="true" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">Synia melanaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ab.
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71554473BBC213205FE7CFB0B" authorityName=": Weise" authorityYear="1923" box="[361,433,1145,1168]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Synia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="268" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rougeti">
<emphasis id="B91A2C661554473BBC213205FE7CFB0B" box="[361,433,1145,1168]" italics="true" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">rougeti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
auctt.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF1554473BBDDF32C2FBD7F986" pageId="268" pageNumber="269" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BD1F0741554473BBDDF32C2FBD7F986" blockId="268.[151,1437,1214,2033]" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis id="B91A2C661554473BBDDF32C2FEDFFB43" bold="true" box="[151,274,1214,1240]" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Length:
<quantity id="4C965D911554473BBC3232C3FDECFB42" box="[378,545,1215,1241]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.65" metricValueMax="7.2" metricValueMin="6.1" pageId="268" pageNumber="269" unit="mm" value="6.65" valueMax="7.2" valueMin="6.1">6.10–7.20 mm</quantity>
; width: 5.50–6.00 mm. Body outline broad, subcircular, not much longer than broad, widest around middle of elytra (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF11554473BBF2C329FFD17FB66" box="[612,730,1251,1277]" captionStart="FIGURE 192" captionStartId="266.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[208,1382,181,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-20@266.[205,1382,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="266" captionText="FIGURE 192. Synona obscura: a. adult, dorsal view; b. abdomen, female; c. abdominal postcoxal line; d. female genitalia; e. spermatheca; f–h. male genitalia: f. tegmen, lateral view; g. tegmen, ventral view; h. penis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8262178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8262178/files/figure.png" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">Figs 192a</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1355ECF11554473BBFA2329FFCECFB66" box="[746,801,1251,1277]" captionStart="FIGURE 193" captionStartId="267.[151,250,1848,1872]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1824]" captionTargetId="figure-15@267.[151,1436,181,1824]" captionTargetPageId="267" captionText="FIGURE 193. a–f. Synona obscura: life stages: a. eggs; b, c. larva; d, e. pupa; f. adult; g–j. Synona melanopepla (Mulsant), live adult." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8262186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8262186/files/figure.png" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">193f</figureCitation>
). Head and pronotum uniformly bright yellow-orange, elytra black (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF11554473BBC64337BFE52FABA" box="[300,415,1287,1313]" captionStart="FIGURE 192" captionStartId="266.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[208,1382,181,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-20@266.[205,1382,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="266" captionText="FIGURE 192. Synona obscura: a. adult, dorsal view; b. abdomen, female; c. abdominal postcoxal line; d. female genitalia; e. spermatheca; f–h. male genitalia: f. tegmen, lateral view; g. tegmen, ventral view; h. penis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8262178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8262178/files/figure.png" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">Figs 192a</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1355ECF11554473BBCE4337BFE29FABA" box="[428,484,1287,1313]" captionStart="FIGURE 193" captionStartId="267.[151,250,1848,1872]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1824]" captionTargetId="figure-15@267.[151,1436,181,1824]" captionTargetPageId="267" captionText="FIGURE 193. a–f. Synona obscura: life stages: a. eggs; b, c. larva; d, e. pupa; f. adult; g–j. Synona melanopepla (Mulsant), live adult." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8262186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8262186/files/figure.png" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">193f</figureCitation>
). Ventral side yellow orange, except elytral epipleura black.
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71554473BB9DD337BFA87FABA" box="[1173,1354,1287,1313]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Synona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="268" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscura">
<emphasis id="B91A2C661554473BB9DD337BFA87FABA" box="[1173,1354,1287,1313]" italics="true" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">Synona obscura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be easily distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71554473BBCF23357FDAAFADE" box="[442,615,1323,1349]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Synona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="268" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanopepla">
<emphasis id="B91A2C661554473BBCF23357FDAAFADE" box="[442,615,1323,1349]" italics="true" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">S. melanopepla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the following characters: (i) body outline, particularly elytra, broader, nearly as broad as long (larger and slightly more elongate in outline in
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71554473BBE9E3333FB4BFAF2" box="[982,1158,1359,1385]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Synona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="268" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanopepla">
<emphasis id="B91A2C661554473BBE9E3333FB4BFAF2" box="[982,1158,1359,1385]" italics="true" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">S. melanopepla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); (ii) eyes smaller, with interocular distance a little more than twice the eye width; (iii) elytra with distinctly broader marginal bead, disc less deeply impressed, interspaces between punctures with shallow, faint microsculpture not clearly visible at low magnifications; (iv) last antennomere transverse with apical margin much less strongly and steeply oblique than that in
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71554473BBDFB33A3FE92FA62" box="[179,351,1503,1529]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Synona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="268" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanopepla">
<emphasis id="B91A2C661554473BBDFB33A3FE92FA62" box="[179,351,1503,1529]" italics="true" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">S. melanopepla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; (v) elytral epipleura distinctly broader, more strongly and steeply descending externally, and (vi) the male (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF11554473BBC4E307FFE46F986" box="[262,395,1539,1565]" captionStart="FIGURE 192" captionStartId="266.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[208,1382,181,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-20@266.[205,1382,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="266" captionText="FIGURE 192. Synona obscura: a. adult, dorsal view; b. abdomen, female; c. abdominal postcoxal line; d. female genitalia; e. spermatheca; f–h. male genitalia: f. tegmen, lateral view; g. tegmen, ventral view; h. penis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8262178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8262178/files/figure.png" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">Fig. 192f–h</figureCitation>
) and female genitalia (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF11554473BBFC5307FFCD8F986" box="[653,789,1539,1565]" captionStart="FIGURE 192" captionStartId="266.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[208,1382,181,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-20@266.[205,1382,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="266" captionText="FIGURE 192. Synona obscura: a. adult, dorsal view; b. abdomen, female; c. abdominal postcoxal line; d. female genitalia; e. spermatheca; f–h. male genitalia: f. tegmen, lateral view; g. tegmen, ventral view; h. penis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8262178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8262178/files/figure.png" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">Fig. 192d, e</figureCitation>
), which are diagnostic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF1554473BBD8F305BFE1FF9FE" pageId="268" pageNumber="269" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD1F0741554473BBD8F305BFE1FF9FE" blockId="268.[151,1437,1214,2033]" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis id="B91A2C661554473BBD8F305BFE5AF9DA" bold="true" box="[199,407,1575,1601]" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">Immature stages.</emphasis>
Eggs orange-yellow (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF11554473BBFDC305BFCC8F9DA" box="[660,773,1575,1601]" captionStart="FIGURE 193" captionStartId="267.[151,250,1848,1872]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1824]" captionTargetId="figure-15@267.[151,1436,181,1824]" captionTargetPageId="267" captionText="FIGURE 193. a–f. Synona obscura: life stages: a. eggs; b, c. larva; d, e. pupa; f. adult; g–j. Synona melanopepla (Mulsant), live adult." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8262186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8262186/files/figure.png" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">Fig. 193a</figureCitation>
). Larva pink and black (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF11554473BB955305BFB64F9DA" box="[1053,1193,1575,1601]" captionStart="FIGURE 193" captionStartId="267.[151,250,1848,1872]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1824]" captionTargetId="figure-15@267.[151,1436,181,1824]" captionTargetPageId="267" captionText="FIGURE 193. a–f. Synona obscura: life stages: a. eggs; b, c. larva; d, e. pupa; f. adult; g–j. Synona melanopepla (Mulsant), live adult." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8262186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8262186/files/figure.png" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">Fig. 193b, c</figureCitation>
), pupa (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF11554473BB840305BFA5EF9DA" box="[1288,1427,1575,1601]" captionStart="FIGURE 193" captionStartId="267.[151,250,1848,1872]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1824]" captionTargetId="figure-15@267.[151,1436,181,1824]" captionTargetPageId="267" captionText="FIGURE 193. a–f. Synona obscura: life stages: a. eggs; b, c. larva; d, e. pupa; f. adult; g–j. Synona melanopepla (Mulsant), live adult." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8262186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8262186/files/figure.png" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">Fig. 193d, e</figureCitation>
) reddish with black maculae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF1554473BBD8F3012FCEDF912" box="[199,800,1646,1673]" pageId="268" pageNumber="269" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BD1F0741554473BBD8F3012FCEDF912" blockId="268.[151,1437,1214,2033]" box="[199,800,1646,1673]" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis id="B91A2C661554473BBD8F3012FEACF913" bold="true" box="[199,353,1646,1672]" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E41554473BBC2F3013FE6CF912" box="[359,417,1647,1673]" name="India" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">India</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E961554473BBCF83013FDE5F912" box="[432,552,1647,1673]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E961554473BBF7A3013FDB2F912" box="[562,639,1647,1673]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">Kerala</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E961554473BBFC23013FCD9F912" box="[650,788,1647,1673]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF1554473ABD8F30EEFA90FF2A" lastPageId="269" lastPageNumber="270" pageId="268" pageNumber="269" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BD1F0741554473BBD8F30EEFAD7F96E" blockId="268.[151,1437,1214,2033]" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis id="B91A2C661554473BBD8F30EEFE2BF937" bold="true" box="[199,486,1682,1708]" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">Prey/associated habitat.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71554473BBCB830EFFDA6F936" box="[496,619,1683,1709]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Hemiptera" pageId="268" pageNumber="269" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71554473BBF3030EFFCDFF936" box="[632,786,1683,1709]" class="Insecta" family="Plataspididae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="268" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Plataspididae</taxonomicName>
: Very effective predator of
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71554473BB91830EFFA51F936" authority="Distant" authorityName="Distant" box="[1104,1436,1683,1709]" class="Insecta" family="Plataspidae" genus="Coptosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="268" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ostensum">
<emphasis id="B91A2C661554473BB91830EFFA8CF937" box="[1104,1345,1683,1709]" italics="true" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">Coptosoma ostensum</emphasis>
Distant
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D851554473BBDD730CBFE42F94A" author="Subramanyam, T. V." box="[159,399,1718,1745]" pageId="268" pageNumber="269" pagination="924 - 925" refId="ref123201" refString="Subramanyam, T. V. (1925) Coptosoma ostensum Dist. and its enemy Synia melanaria Muls. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 30, 924 - 925." type="journal article" year="1925">Subramanyam, 1925</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D851554473BBCD630CBFCEDF94A" author="Malhotra, C. P. &amp; Krishnaswami, S." box="[414,800,1719,1745]" pageId="268" pageNumber="269" pagination="231 - 237" refId="ref117276" refString="Malhotra, C. P. &amp; Krishnaswami, S. (1962) Coptosoma ostensum Dist. - a pentatomid pest of Palas (Butea monosperma) with notes on its coccinellid predator, Synia melanaria var. rougeti Mulsant and egg parasite, Telenomus species. Indian Forester, 88, 231 - 237." type="journal article" year="1962">Malhotra &amp; Krishnaswami, 1962</bibRefCitation>
). Also feeds on aphids. Commonly collected on
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71554473BB81330CBFEE5F96F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Butea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="268" pageNumber="269" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="monosperma">
<emphasis id="B91A2C661554473BB81330CBFEE5F96F" italics="true" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">Butea monosperma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; on
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71554473BBC1230A7FD8AF96E" box="[346,583,1755,1781]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Sesbania" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="268" pageNumber="269" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis id="B91A2C661554473BBC1230A7FD8AF96E" box="[346,583,1755,1781]" italics="true" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">Sesbania grandiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, sandal, lablab, snakegourd, cabbage, pigeonpea, and
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71554473BB9EE30A7FAD7F96E" box="[1190,1306,1755,1781]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Trewia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="268" pageNumber="269" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B91A2C661554473BB9EE30A7FB3EF96F" box="[1190,1267,1755,1780]" italics="true" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">Trewia</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F0741554473BBD8F3083FAEDF832" blockId="268.[151,1437,1214,2033]" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">
This species is commonly associated with
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71554473BBFE23083FC39F882" authority="Distant" authorityName="Distant" box="[682,1012,1791,1817]" class="Insecta" family="Plataspidae" genus="Coptosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="268" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ostensum">
<emphasis id="B91A2C661554473BBFE23083FC57F883" box="[682,922,1791,1817]" italics="true" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">Coptosoma ostensum</emphasis>
Distant
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71554473BB9643083FA50F882" authority="(Fabricius)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[1068,1437,1791,1817]" class="Insecta" family="Plataspidae" genus="Megacopta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="268" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cribraria">
<emphasis id="B91A2C661554473BB9643083FAD4F882" box="[1068,1305,1791,1817]" italics="true" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">Megacopta cribraria</emphasis>
(Fabricius)
</taxonomicName>
infesting
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71554473BBC4A315FFE79F8A7" box="[258,436,1827,1852]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Butea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="268" pageNumber="269" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="monosperma">
<emphasis id="B91A2C661554473BBC4A315FFE79F8A7" box="[258,436,1827,1852]" italics="true" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">B. monosperma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(‘Palas’), lablab, pigeon pea,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71554473BBE44315FFC36F8A6" box="[780,1019,1827,1853]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Sesbania" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="268" pageNumber="269" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis id="B91A2C661554473BBE44315FFC36F8A6" box="[780,1019,1827,1853]" italics="true" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">Sesbania grandiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) Pers., etc. Specimens have also been collected on sandal, snakegourd, cabbage, cashew, and
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71554473BBE75313BFC79F8FA" box="[829,948,1863,1889]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Trewia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="268" pageNumber="269" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">Trewia sp.</taxonomicName>
, some in association with aphids and scales (label data).
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D851554473BBC6C3117FD79F81E" author="Malhotra, C. P. &amp; Krishnaswami, S." box="[292,692,1899,1925]" pageId="268" pageNumber="269" pagination="231 - 237" refId="ref117276" refString="Malhotra, C. P. &amp; Krishnaswami, S. (1962) Coptosoma ostensum Dist. - a pentatomid pest of Palas (Butea monosperma) with notes on its coccinellid predator, Synia melanaria var. rougeti Mulsant and egg parasite, Telenomus species. Indian Forester, 88, 231 - 237." type="journal article" year="1962">Malhotra and Krishnaswami (1962)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D851554473BBFA23117FC24F81E" author="Rachappa, V. &amp; Hegde, R. &amp; Kulkarni, K. A. &amp; Patil, R. K." box="[746,1001,1899,1925]" pageId="268" pageNumber="269" pagination="145 - 150" refId="ref120010" refString="Rachappa, V., Hegde, R., Kulkarni, K. A. &amp; Patil, R. K. (2002) Biology and feeding potential of Synia melanaria Mulsant on Coptosoma ostensum Distant. Myforest, 38 (2), 145 - 150." type="journal article" year="2002">
Rachappa
<emphasis id="B91A2C661554473BBE173117FC5DF81E" box="[863,912,1899,1925]" italics="true" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">et al</emphasis>
. (2002)
</bibRefCitation>
studied its biology in detail (both as
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71554473BB8CF3117FEC7F832" authorityName="Mulsant" authorityYear="1850" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Synia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="268" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanaria">
<emphasis id="B91A2C661554473BB8CF3117FEC7F832" italics="true" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">S. melanaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Some of the earlier records of
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71554473BBF3E31F3FCC8F832" authorityName="Mulsant" authorityYear="1850" box="[630,773,1935,1961]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Synia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="268" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanaria">
<emphasis id="B91A2C661554473BBF3E31F3FCC8F832" box="[630,773,1935,1961]" italics="true" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">S. melanaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from South
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E41554473BBEDA31F3FC01F832" box="[914,972,1935,1961]" name="India" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">India</collectingCountry>
probably involve this species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F0741554473BBD8F31CEFA55F86A" blockId="268.[151,1437,1214,2033]" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis id="B91A2C661554473BBD8F31CEFE0BF856" bold="true" box="[199,454,1970,1997]" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">Seasonal occurrence.</emphasis>
Collected on
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71554473BBF3931CFFC82F857" box="[625,847,1971,1996]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Butea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="268" pageNumber="269" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="monosperma">
<emphasis id="B91A2C661554473BBF3931CFFC82F857" box="[625,847,1971,1996]" italics="true" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">Butea monosperma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
during March–June, September–December (South
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E41554473BBDDF31ABFF18F86A" box="[151,213,2007,2033]" name="India" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">India</collectingCountry>
). Common on
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71554473BBC3231ABFDE7F86B" box="[378,554,2007,2032]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Butea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="268" pageNumber="269" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="monosperma">
<emphasis id="B91A2C661554473BBC3231ABFDE7F86B" box="[378,554,2007,2032]" italics="true" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">B. monosperma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
during October–March in Aligarh (north
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E41554473BBEB531ABFBF5F86A" box="[1021,1080,2007,2033]" name="India" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">India</collectingCountry>
) (Afroze &amp; Shujauddin, 1998).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F0741555473ABD8F36EBFA90FF2A" blockId="269.[151,1436,150,249]" box="[199,1373,150,177]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">
<emphasis id="B91A2C661555473ABD8F36EBFE5CFF2B" bold="true" box="[199,401,150,177]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">Natural enemies.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71555473ABCD036EBFCC1FF2A" authority="(Dalman)" baseAuthorityName="Dalman" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[408,780,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Homalotylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flaminius">
<emphasis id="B91A2C661555473ABCD036EBFD5BFF2A" box="[408,662,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">Homalotylus flaminius</emphasis>
(Dalman)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71555473ABE5F36EBFA94FF2A" authority="Brues (Poorani et al. 2008)" box="[791,1369,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Proctotrupidae" genus="Nothoserphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
<emphasis id="B91A2C661555473ABE5F36EBFBD2FF2A" box="[791,1055,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">Nothoserphus mirabilis</emphasis>
Brues (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D851555473AB93D36EBFA9CFF2A" author="Poorani, J. &amp; Slipinski, A. &amp; Booth, R. G." box="[1141,1361,151,177]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" pagination="579 - 594" refId="ref119452" refString="Poorani, J., Slipinski, A. &amp; Booth, R. G. (2008) A revision of Synona Pope (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Coccinellini). Annales Zoologici, 58, 579 - 594. https: // doi. org / 10.3161 / 000345408 X 364427" type="journal article" year="2008">
Poorani
<emphasis id="B91A2C661555473AB99D36EBFAC3FF2A" box="[1237,1294,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF1555473ABD8F36C7FC44FF62" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD1F0741555473ABD8F36C7FC44FF62" blockId="269.[151,1436,150,249]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">
<emphasis id="B91A2C661555473ABD8F36C7FEDCFF4E" bold="true" box="[199,273,187,213]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">Notes.</emphasis>
As mentioned under
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71555473ABF4736C7FD72FF4E" box="[527,703,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Synona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanopepla">
<emphasis id="B91A2C661555473ABF4736C7FD72FF4E" box="[527,703,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">S. melanopepla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, published works on the bioecology of ‘
<emphasis id="B91A2C661555473AB9D236C7FA96FF4E" box="[1178,1371,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71555473AB9D236C7FB15FF4E" authorityName="Mulsant" authorityYear="1850" box="[1178,1240,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Synia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Synia</taxonomicName>
melanaria’
</emphasis>
from south
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E41555473ABD9336A3FED8FF62" box="[219,277,223,249]" name="India" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">India</collectingCountry>
may apply to either
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71555473ABCB336A3FD62FF62" box="[507,687,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Synona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscura">
<emphasis id="B91A2C661555473ABCB336A3FD62FF62" box="[507,687,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">Synona obscura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<emphasis id="B91A2C661555473ABF9C36A3FC44FF62" box="[724,905,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71555473ABF9C36A3FC49FF62" box="[724,900,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Synona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanopepla">S. melanopepla</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink