200 lines
21 KiB
XML
200 lines
21 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="F4152ABCFFF27BFEE9A482C88E9C69D3">An illustrated guide to lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of the Indian Subcontinent. Part 1. Tribe Coccinellini</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03C74162149B46F4BDDF32E7FC72F802" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261660" ID-GBIF-Taxon="212449942" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8261660" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C74162149B46F4BDDF32E7FC72F802" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C74162149B46F4BDDF32E7FC72F802" lastPageNumber="196" pageId="195" pageNumber="196">
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<subSubSection id="C374A3FF149B46F4BDDF32E7FE28FB2E" box="[151,485,1179,1206]" pageId="195" pageNumber="196" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD1F074149B46F4BDDF32E7FE28FB2E" blockId="195.[151,485,1179,1241]" box="[151,485,1179,1206]" pageId="195" pageNumber="196">
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<heading id="D0994718149B46F4BDDF32E7FE28FB2E" box="[151,485,1179,1206]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="195" pageNumber="196" reason="5">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7149B46F4BDDF32E7FE28FB2E" authority="(Crotch)" baseAuthorityName="Crotch" box="[151,485,1179,1206]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Microcaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="195" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lewisii">
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<emphasis id="B91A2C66149B46F4BDDF32E7FEBEFB2D" bold="true" box="[151,371,1179,1206]" italics="true" pageId="195" pageNumber="196">Microcaria lewisii</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B91A2C66149B46F4BCCB32E7FE17FB2E" bold="true" box="[387,474,1179,1205]" pageId="195" pageNumber="196">Crotch</emphasis>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C374A3FF149B46F4BDDF32C3FECAFB42" box="[151,263,1215,1241]" pageId="195" pageNumber="196" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD1F074149B46F4BDDF32C3FECAFB42" blockId="195.[151,485,1179,1241]" box="[151,263,1215,1241]" pageId="195" pageNumber="196">
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(
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<figureCitation id="1355ECF1149B46F4BDD732C3FF32FB42" box="[159,255,1215,1241]" captionStart="FIGURE 139" captionStartId="196.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[209,1378,181,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-20@196.[209,1378,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="196" captionText="FIGURE 139. a, b. Microcaria albolineata (Gyllenhal): a. live adult; b. adult, darker variant; c–f. Microcaria lewisii (Crotch): c. live adult (Photo credit: K. C. Sajan, Nepal); d, e. adult, dorsal view (BMNH); f. adult, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261999" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261999/files/figure.png" pageId="195" pageNumber="196">Fig. 139</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C374A3FF149B46F4BDDF3378FDD0FAC2" pageId="195" pageNumber="196" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BD1F074149B46F4BDDF3378FDE4FAA1" blockId="195.[151,1436,1284,1369]" pageId="195" pageNumber="196">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7ED75A149B46F4BDDF3378FDE4FAA1" pageId="195" pageNumber="196">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7149B46F4BDDF3378FDE7FA87" authority="Crotch, 1874: 143" authorityName="Crotch" authorityPageNumber="143" authorityYear="1874" box="[151,554,1284,1308]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Bothrocalvia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="195" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lewisii">
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<emphasis id="B91A2C66149B46F4BDDF3378FEA8FA87" box="[151,357,1284,1308]" italics="true" pageId="195" pageNumber="196">Bothrocalvia lewisii</emphasis>
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Crotch, 1874: 143
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<typeStatus id="54D54ED6149B46F4BF713378FD56FA87" box="[569,667,1284,1308]" pageId="195" pageNumber="196" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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, UCCC; Type locality:
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<collectingCountry id="F379B0E4149B46F4BEDA3378FC1DFA87" box="[914,976,1284,1308]" name="China" pageId="195" pageNumber="196">China</collectingCountry>
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).—
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD665149B46F4BEBC3378FB08FA87" author="Poorani, J." box="[1012,1221,1284,1308]" page="322" pageId="195" pageNumber="196" year="2002">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D85149B46F4BEBC3378FB08FA87" author="Poorani, J." box="[1012,1221,1284,1308]" pageId="195" pageNumber="196" pagination="307 - 383" refId="ref118931" refString="Poorani, J. (2002 a) An annotated checklist of the Coccinellidae (excluding Epilachninae) of the Indian subregion. Oriental Insects, 36, 307 - 383. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.2002.10417335" type="journal article" year="2002">Poorani 2002a: 322</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD665149B46F4B9993378FE87FAA1" author="Shantibala, K. & Singh, T. K." page="39" pageId="195" pageNumber="196" year="1991">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D85149B46F4B9993378FE87FAA1" author="Shantibala, K. & Singh, T. K." pageId="195" pageNumber="196" pagination="39 - 43" refId="ref122120" refString="Shantibala, K. & Singh, T. K. (1991) Studies on the vertical distribution of aphidophagous coccinellids (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of Manipur and Nagaland. Journal of Aphidology, 5, 39 - 43." type="journal article" year="1991">Shantibala & Singh 1991: 39–43</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD665149B46F4BC1C335FFDE8FAA1" author="Ren, S. X. & Wang, X. M. & Pang, H. & Peng, Z. Q. & Zeng, T." box="[340,549,1314,1338]" page="176" pageId="195" pageNumber="196" year="2009">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D85149B46F4BC1C335FFDE8FAA1" author="Ren, S. X. & Wang, X. M. & Pang, H. & Peng, Z. Q. & Zeng, T." box="[340,549,1314,1338]" pageId="195" pageNumber="196" refId="ref120760" refString="Ren, S. X., Wang, X. M., Pang, H., Peng, Z. Q. & Zeng, T. (2009) Colored pictorial handbook of ladybird beetles in China. Science Press, Beijing, 336 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2009">
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Ren
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<emphasis id="B91A2C66149B46F4BCCB335FFE7DFAA1" box="[387,432,1314,1338]" italics="true" pageId="195" pageNumber="196">et al</emphasis>
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. 2009: 176
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</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD1F074149B46F4BDDF333DFDD0FAC2" blockId="195.[151,1436,1284,1369]" box="[151,541,1345,1369]" pageId="195" pageNumber="196">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7ED75A149B46F4BDDF333DFDD0FAC2" box="[151,541,1345,1369]" pageId="195" pageNumber="196">
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD665149B46F4BDDF333DFDD4FAC2" author="Korschefsky, R." box="[151,537,1345,1369]" page="524" pageId="195" pageNumber="196" year="1932">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7149B46F4BDDF333DFDD4FAC2" authority=": Korschefsky 1932: 524" authorityName="Korschefsky" authorityPageNumber="524" authorityYear="1932" box="[151,537,1345,1369]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Calvia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="195" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lewisi">
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<emphasis id="B91A2C66149B46F4BDDF333DFED1FAC2" box="[151,284,1345,1369]" italics="true" pageId="195" pageNumber="196">Calvia lewisi</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D85149B46F4BC62333DFDD4FAC2" author="Korschefsky, R." box="[298,537,1345,1369]" pageId="195" pageNumber="196" refId="ref116133" refString="Korschefsky, R. (1932) Coleopterorum Catalogus. Pars 120. Coccinellidae II. W. Junk, Berlin, 435 pp." type="book" year="1932">Korschefsky 1932: 524</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF149B46F4BDDF33FBFD15F9CE" pageId="195" pageNumber="196" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BD1F074149B46F4BDDF33FBFD15F9CE" blockId="195.[151,1437,1415,1946]" pageId="195" pageNumber="196">
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<emphasis id="B91A2C66149B46F4BDDF33FBFEDFFA3A" bold="true" box="[151,274,1415,1441]" pageId="195" pageNumber="196">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Length:
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<quantity id="4C965D91149B46F4BC3E33FBFDD1FA39" box="[374,540,1415,1442]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.15" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="5.8" pageId="195" pageNumber="196" unit="mm" value="6.15" valueMax="6.5" valueMin="5.8">5.80–6.50 mm</quantity>
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; width: 5.00–
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<quantity id="4C965D91149B46F4BFFE33FBFCD1FA39" box="[694,796,1415,1442]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="195" pageNumber="196" unit="mm" value="5.5">5.50 mm</quantity>
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. Form broad oval, dorsum strongly convex and glabrous. Ground colour creamy whitish to yellowish in live specimens, darker yellowish in preserved specimens. Head and pronotum creamy whitish yellow to yellow, pronotum with a roughly M-shaped reddish-brown marking, elytra with three reddish brown or ochreous stripes forming a characteristic pattern as illustrated (
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<figureCitation id="1355ECF1149B46F4B904338FFB18F996" box="[1100,1237,1523,1549]" captionStart="FIGURE 139" captionStartId="196.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[209,1378,181,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-20@196.[209,1378,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="196" captionText="FIGURE 139. a, b. Microcaria albolineata (Gyllenhal): a. live adult; b. adult, darker variant; c–f. Microcaria lewisii (Crotch): c. live adult (Photo credit: K. C. Sajan, Nepal); d, e. adult, dorsal view (BMNH); f. adult, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261999" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261999/files/figure.png" pageId="195" pageNumber="196">Fig. 139a–d</figureCitation>
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), first one parallel to suture, second Y-shaped with a shorter branch arising from its apex, third nearer lateral margin and anteriorly joined with the second stripe. Genitalia not studied.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C374A3FF149B46F4BD8F3023FB22F9E1" box="[199,1263,1631,1658]" pageId="195" pageNumber="196" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BD1F074149B46F4BD8F3023FB22F9E1" blockId="195.[151,1437,1415,1946]" box="[199,1263,1631,1658]" pageId="195" pageNumber="196">
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||
<emphasis id="B91A2C66149B46F4BD8F3023FEACF9E2" bold="true" box="[199,353,1631,1657]" pageId="195" pageNumber="196">Distribution.</emphasis>
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||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E4149B46F4BC2F3023FE68F9E2" box="[359,421,1631,1657]" name="India" pageId="195" pageNumber="196">India</collectingCountry>
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||
:
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<collectingRegion id="49AA3E96149B46F4BCF83023FDDFF9E2" box="[432,530,1631,1657]" country="India" name="Manipur" pageId="195" pageNumber="196">Manipur</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49AA3E96149B46F4BF553023FD45F9E2" box="[541,648,1631,1657]" country="India" name="Nagaland" pageId="195" pageNumber="196">Nagaland</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D85149B46F4BFDF3023FC7AF9E2" author="Shantibala, K. & Singh, T. K." box="[663,951,1631,1657]" pageId="195" pageNumber="196" pagination="39 - 43" refId="ref122120" refString="Shantibala, K. & Singh, T. K. (1991) Studies on the vertical distribution of aphidophagous coccinellids (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of Manipur and Nagaland. Journal of Aphidology, 5, 39 - 43." type="journal article" year="1991">Shantibala & Singh 1991</bibRefCitation>
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||
);
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||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E4149B46F4BE833023FBDCF9E2" box="[971,1041,1631,1657]" name="Nepal" pageId="195" pageNumber="196">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
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||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E4149B46F4B9553023FBBCF9E2" box="[1053,1137,1631,1657]" name="Bhutan" pageId="195" pageNumber="196">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
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||
;
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<collectingCountry id="F379B0E4149B46F4B934301CFB26F9E1" box="[1148,1259,1632,1658]" name="Myanmar" pageId="195" pageNumber="196">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF149B46F4BD8F30FFFE21F8CA" pageId="195" pageNumber="196" type="biology_ecology">
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||
<paragraph id="8BD1F074149B46F4BD8F30FFFCF9F95A" blockId="195.[151,1437,1415,1946]" pageId="195" pageNumber="196">
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||
<emphasis id="B91A2C66149B46F4BD8F30FFFE3DF906" bold="true" box="[199,496,1667,1693]" pageId="195" pageNumber="196">Prey / associated habitat.</emphasis>
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Predatory on pine aphids such as
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7149B46F4BE2130F8FAA0F906" authority="(Takahashi)" baseAuthorityName="Takahashi" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[873,1389,1667,1694]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Cinara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="195" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis" subGenus="Schizolachnus">
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||
<emphasis id="B91A2C66149B46F4BE2130F8FC75F905" box="[873,952,1668,1694]" italics="true" pageId="195" pageNumber="196">Cinara</emphasis>
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||
(
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||
<emphasis id="B91A2C66149B46F4BE8030FFFBA5F906" box="[968,1128,1667,1693]" italics="true" pageId="195" pageNumber="196">Schizolachnus</emphasis>
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||
)
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<emphasis id="B91A2C66149B46F4B93030FFFB2EF906" box="[1144,1251,1667,1693]" italics="true" pageId="195" pageNumber="196">orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
(Takahashi)
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7149B46F4BDDF30DBFE12F95A" authority="Wilson" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1919" box="[151,479,1703,1729]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Eulachnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="195" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thunbergii">
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<emphasis id="B91A2C66149B46F4BDDF30DBFE45F95A" box="[151,392,1703,1729]" italics="true" pageId="195" pageNumber="196">Eulachnus thunbergii</emphasis>
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Wilson
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
on
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7149B46F4BF4130D4FCE2F95A" authority="(Devi 1989)" baseAuthorityName="Devi" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[521,815,1703,1729]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="195" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="khasya">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C66149B46F4BF4130D4FD53F95A" box="[521,670,1703,1729]" italics="true" pageId="195" pageNumber="196">Pinus khasya</emphasis>
|
||
(Devi 1989)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD1F074149B46F4BD8F30B7FE21F8CA" blockId="195.[151,1437,1415,1946]" pageId="195" pageNumber="196">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C66149B46F4BD8F30B7FE72F97E" bold="true" box="[199,447,1739,1765]" pageId="195" pageNumber="196">Seasonal occurrence.</emphasis>
|
||
Collected during August and November (Devi 1989).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D85149B46F4B95A30B7FAF4F97E" author="Shantibala, K. & Singh, T. K." box="[1042,1337,1739,1765]" pageId="195" pageNumber="196" pagination="39 - 43" refId="ref122120" refString="Shantibala, K. & Singh, T. K. (1991) Studies on the vertical distribution of aphidophagous coccinellids (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of Manipur and Nagaland. Journal of Aphidology, 5, 39 - 43." type="journal article" year="1991">Shantibala & Singh (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported this species from an altitude of
|
||
<quantity id="4C965D91149B46F4BCB53093FD46F891" box="[509,651,1775,1802]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="195" pageNumber="196" unit="m" value="1250.0" valueMax="2000.0" valueMin="500.0">500–2000 m</quantity>
|
||
from the northeastern region of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E4149B46F4BEB43093FBF4F892" box="[1020,1081,1775,1801]" name="India" pageId="195" pageNumber="196">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
. It looks somewhat similar to a common variant of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7149B46F4BC3B3168FD0BF8B6" authority="(Mulsant)" baseAuthorityName="Mulsant" box="[371,710,1811,1837]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Harmonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="195" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eucharis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C66149B46F4BC3B3168FD80F8B6" box="[371,589,1811,1837]" italics="true" pageId="195" pageNumber="196">Harmonia eucharis</emphasis>
|
||
(Mulsant)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, one of the most common species in northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E4149B46F4B9BD316FFAE2F8B6" box="[1269,1327,1811,1837]" name="India" pageId="195" pageNumber="196">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
but it has a distinctly broader oval form.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF149B46F4BD8F3127FC72F802" pageId="195" pageNumber="196" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD1F074149B46F4BD8F3127FC72F802" blockId="195.[151,1437,1415,1946]" pageId="195" pageNumber="196">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C66149B46F4BD8F3127FEDCF8EE" bold="true" box="[199,273,1883,1909]" pageId="195" pageNumber="196">Notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Devi (1989) included it in her Ph.D. dissertation on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7149B46F4BE2B3127FC30F8EE" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1807" box="[867,1021,1883,1909]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="195" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Coccinellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
of northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E4149B46F4B9FD3127FB22F8EE" box="[1205,1263,1883,1909]" name="India" pageId="195" pageNumber="196">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
with details on its distribution and hosts. Illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D85149B46F4BF1B31FCFCDCF802" author="Ren, S. X. & Wang, X. M. & Pang, H. & Peng, Z. Q. & Zeng, T." box="[595,785,1919,1946]" pageId="195" pageNumber="196" refId="ref120760" refString="Ren, S. X., Wang, X. M., Pang, H., Peng, Z. Q. & Zeng, T. (2009) Colored pictorial handbook of ladybird beetles in China. Science Press, Beijing, 336 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2009">
|
||
Ren
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C66149B46F4BFCF31FCFD0DF802" box="[647,704,1919,1945]" italics="true" pageId="195" pageNumber="196">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2009)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D85149B46F4BE0E31FCFC76F802" author="Yu, G." box="[838,955,1919,1946]" pageId="195" pageNumber="196" refId="ref124811" refString="Yu, G. (2010) Chinese Lady Beetles (The Subfamily Coccinellinae). China Scientific Press, Beijing, 180 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2010">Yu (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |