treatments-xml/data/03/C7/41/03C741621453462EBDDF343AFA51FCA9.xml

<document id="CECBF6B202BB714D2A974AFFEC9FE2B7" ID-CLB-Dataset="264199" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5332.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="66e0ec51-d494-43d4-965e-a2cd1462ef54" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8261502" ID-ZooBank="424F7439-4095-46A5-93E3-C4130E3B6D9A" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1692350092877" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="POORANI, J." docDate="2023" docId="03C741621453462EBDDF343AFA51FCA9" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5332.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5332 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5332.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Coccinellini Latreille 1807" docType="key" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="26" masterDocId="FFFE391A14584637BD48367CFFCDFF9B" masterDocTitle="An illustrated guide to lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of the Indian Subcontinent. Part 1. Tribe Coccinellini" masterLastPageNumber="307" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1699593964221" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="C8F97B4BEC8295ACE0CAC3442A4DC42C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="4880A126FA987D1F36EB11B17CE4D669">
<mods:title id="29AECDFEB244038AAF8FC1D7E407D97B">An illustrated guide to lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of the Indian Subcontinent. Part 1. Tribe Coccinellini</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="A893A20513C05454FBA7FD8E7C04EFE3" type="personal">
<mods:role id="3EEB348BE3ECAD5AF79C98417287849B">
<mods:roleTerm id="E6605BB493F782B0EFB77F4E6B69B001">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="1BA22EAACC4CF3378E801A7D1E06E034">POORANI, J.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="4D23C2C63856D11DC9EFCCCBCFBED0B1">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="366DDDAE90ECFCB71E9AD2EE74B4CC43" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="0757F7670B7B736B6A37326FABD7CB72">
<mods:title id="1CA270BD443C3F7EC11C492F7FC64122">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="7DB653A172056907AC9ED2AFD2294E0F">
<mods:date id="49854C54329323585A6DE57E9B89A339">2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="BADDCB6F864EB5A46752809BB5BD9292" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="729E6A30A2EB08B219F3BDB4BB7AAC67">2023-08-18</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="449CBBA41C6C56D7147AA288A3A7CF61" type="volume">
<mods:number id="DA38AE7984643698BE42D8DC2363C01C">5332</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="1BDF84AA07781BA9E8F649C88E07349A" type="issue">
<mods:number id="79012F4BC18C75217EADB64DDE77BF2E">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="D4408E147912C31F5902EC76D18B2B96" unit="page">
<mods:start id="0FCCAB9232675946BB36256C7D79B059">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="F4429000943406AE4BBE6E5A9E70CDAE">307</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="727CAE3966418741D3EEBAF0E4E1D27A">
<mods:url id="0F263F4F8C3A75AC7E9565E0EE12C72A">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5332.1.1</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="9D0B1AA9BE3D7049C8AE70C4340BED7A">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="496AB9B7E94046B1D992CA1E2DF41B68" type="CLB-Dataset">264199</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="63C11FA691AD50D7823A3D7D0E64F6ED" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5332.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="38ED4E9FCAB383EBB58E76F409537F34" type="GBIF-Dataset">66e0ec51-d494-43d4-965e-a2cd1462ef54</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="CF82CD74552F744FE5C4B060CF9B5F6A" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="51B581D541323769554A343EFA3E3E5D" type="Zenodo-Dep">8261502</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="774ACC5AFD86032513D5DEFF73E09D90" type="ZooBank">424F7439-4095-46A5-93E3-C4130E3B6D9A</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03C741621453462EBDDF343AFA51FCA9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8273686" ID-GBIF-Taxon="212449927" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8273686" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C741621453462EBDDF343AFA51FCA9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C741621453462EBDDF343AFA51FCA9" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF1453463CBDDF343AFDFEFDFB" box="[151,563,582,608]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD1F0741453463CBDDF343AFDFEFDFB" blockId="11.[151,563,582,608]" box="[151,563,582,608]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<heading id="D09947181453463CBDDF343AFDFEFDFB" bold="true" box="[151,563,582,608]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B91A2C661453463CBDDF343AFDFEFDFB" bold="true" box="[151,563,582,608]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Tribe 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71453463CBDAA343AFDFEFDFB" authority="Latreille, 1807" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1807" box="[226,563,582,608]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Coccinellini">Coccinellini Latreille, 1807</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF1453463CBDDF34F2FE54FA06" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BD1F0741453463CBDDF34F2FBCCFAAA" blockId="11.[151,1437,654,1905]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B91A2C661453463CBDDF34F2FEDFFD33" bold="true" box="[151,274,654,680]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Adults usually brightly coloured, reddish, orange or yellow with spots and other patterns (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF11453463CB80D34F3FA43FD32" box="[1349,1422,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[213,1375,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-20@12.[213,1375,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 2. Representative images of Coccinellini (adult): a. Coccinella transversalis Fabricius; b. Megalocaria dilatata (Fabricius); c. Oenopia kirbyi (Mulsant); d. Synonycha grandis (Thunberg); e. Halyzia tschitscherini Semenow; f. Illeis cincta (Fabricius); g. Synona melanopepla (Mulsant); h. Harmonia octomacutata (Fabricius)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261514" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261514/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
), rarely pink or lime green. Body medium to large (2.50–18.00 mm), form circular, short oval, or elongate oval in outline, dorsum weakly to strongly convex, always glabrous (except for one genus, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71453463CB93034ABFA8AFD6A" authority="Kapur" authorityName="Kapur" box="[1144,1351,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Singhikalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C661453463CB93034ABFB35FD6A" box="[1144,1272,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Singhikalia</emphasis>
Kapur
</taxonomicName>
having distinct dorsal pubescence). Anterior clypeal margin normal, never laterally expanded, straight or shallowly to deeply arcuate between usually prominent lateral projections in predatory forms, without distinct lateral projections in mycophagous forms. Eyes prominent and large, usually finely facetted, weakly emarginate anteriorly. Antenna as long as or shorter or longer than head width, with 11 antennomeres, weakly or distinctly clubbed and inserted laterally in front of eyes. Mandibles usually apically bifid in predatory forms, apically multidentate, with a series of small serrations on the ventral side of apical tooth in mycophagous forms. Terminal maxillary palpomere typically securiform or axe-head shaped, elongate or more transverse in different degrees, apical margin strongly divergent. Prosternal intercoxal process moderately broad, usually with a pair of parallel carinae, occasionally absent. Middle and hind tibiae with or without a pair of apical spurs. Tarsal formula 4-4-4, tarsal claws usually appendiculate, rarely apparently double and apically cleft or almost simple with only a basal dilation. Abdomen with six ventrites; abdominal postcoxal lines on ventrite 1 complete or incomplete, occasionally with an associated oblique line, rarely absent; abdominal ventrites 5 and 6 posteriorly modified and sexually dimorphic in most cases. Male genitalia with tegmen symmetrical, parameres well developed with inner and / or apical margins densely setose; penis usually with a well-defined capsule, penis apex variously modified. Ovipositor broad, coxites of club and handle 
<typeStatus id="54D54ED61453463CB84132B3FAF1FB72" box="[1289,1340,1231,1257]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus>
, bearing short, or rarely prominent styli, colleterial glands always present; spermatheca with well-differentiated nodulus and ramus or only nodulus or only ramus distinct, infundibulum present or absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F0741453463CBD8F3347FE54FA06" blockId="11.[151,1437,654,1905]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Adults of some 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71453463CBCCA3347FDE7FACE" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[386,554,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Endomychidae</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1355ECF11453463CBF743347FD60FACE" box="[572,685,1339,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[273,1314,185,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-15@13.[273,1314,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 3. a, b. Singhikalia spp., the only Coccinellini genus with dorsal pubescence; c–h. Beetles similar to Coccinellini: c, d. Cyclotoma sp. (Endomychidae); e–h. Derispia coccinelloides (Westwood) (Tenebrionidae)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261516/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3c, d</figureCitation>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71453463CBFB93347FC5CFACE" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[753,913,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tenebrionidae</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1355ECF11453463CBEEB3347FBDCFACE" box="[931,1041,1339,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[273,1314,185,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-15@13.[273,1314,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 3. a, b. Singhikalia spp., the only Coccinellini genus with dorsal pubescence; c–h. Beetles similar to Coccinellini: c, d. Cyclotoma sp. (Endomychidae); e–h. Derispia coccinelloides (Westwood) (Tenebrionidae)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261516/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3e–h</figureCitation>
) have bright red and black colour patterns and are often mistaken with 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71453463CBF7E3323FD72FAE2" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1807" box="[566,703,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Coccinellini">Coccinellini</taxonomicName>
and these can be easily separated from 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71453463CB9353323FACBFAE2" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1807" box="[1149,1286,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Coccinellini">Coccinellini</taxonomicName>
by the above character combination.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF1453463CBD8F33DBFB7CF8EA" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD1F0741453463CBD8F33DBFD56F992" blockId="11.[151,1437,654,1905]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B91A2C661453463CBD8F33DBFE51FA5A" bold="true" box="[199,412,1447,1473]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Immature stages.</emphasis>
The immature stages of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71453463CBF9D33DBFC93FA5A" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1807" box="[725,862,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Coccinellini">Coccinellini</taxonomicName>
are briefly described below with representative illustrations. For detailed descriptions of the morphology of the larvae and pupae of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71453463CB90833B7FB01FA7E" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1807" box="[1088,1228,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Coccinellini">Coccinellini</taxonomicName>
, see Tomaszewska &amp; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D851453463CBDFC338CFEA4F992" author="Slipinski, A. &amp; Tomaszewska, W." box="[180,361,1519,1547]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="454 - 472" refId="ref122895" refString="Slipinski, A. &amp; Tomaszewska, W. (2010) Coccinellidae Latreille, 1802. In: Leschen, R. A. B., Beutel, R. G. &amp; Lawrence, J. F. (Eds.), Handbook of Zoology. Vol. Coleoptera. Walter de Gruyter GmbH &amp; Co. KG, Berlin and New York, pp. 454 - 472. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / 9783110911213.454" type="book chapter" year="2010">Ślipiński (2010)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D851453463CBCE8338CFD5AF992" author="Slipinski, A. &amp; Li, J. &amp; Pang, H." box="[416,663,1519,1547]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref122780" refString="Slipinski, A., Li, J. &amp; Pang, H. (2020) Ladybird Beetles of the Australo-Pacific Region Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Coccinellini. CSIRO Publishing, Clayton, Victoria, 240 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9781486303885" type="book" year="2020">
Ślipiński 
<emphasis id="B91A2C661453463CBF423393FDF6F992" box="[522,571,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al</emphasis>
. (2020)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F0741453463CBD8F306FFDDAF9EE" blockId="11.[151,1437,654,1905]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B91A2C661453463CBD8F306FFEA5F9B7" bold="true" box="[199,360,1554,1581]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Eggs (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF11453463CBC5A306EFE97F9B7" box="[274,346,1554,1580]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[203,1384,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-20@14.[203,1384,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 4. Eggs of Coccinellini: a. Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius); b. Megalocaria dilatata (Fabricius); c. Synonycha grandis (Thunberg) (image credit: H.M. Yeshwanth); d. Anegleis cardoni (Weise); e. Coccinella transversalis Fabricius; f. Illeis cincta (Fabricius); g. Micraspis tenuilinea (Walker); h. Propylea dissecta (Mulsant)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261520" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261520/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
Members of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71453463CBF4C306FFD40F9B6" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1807" box="[516,653,1555,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Coccinellini">Coccinellini</taxonomicName>
typically lay oval and spindle-shaped eggs in small or large groups. The eggs are usually orange yellow or bright golden yellow and rarely cream or white and the surface is smooth and shiny without any microsculpture.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F0741453463CBD8F3003FDAAF89E" blockId="11.[151,1437,654,1905]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B91A2C661453463CBD8F3003FEB0F903" bold="true" box="[199,381,1662,1689]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Larvae (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF11453463CBC623002FEA2F903" box="[298,367,1662,1688]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[212,1375,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-15@15.[212,1375,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 5. Larvae of Coccinellini: a. Calvia flaveola Booth; b. Propylea dissecta (Mulsant); c. Harmonia dimidiata (Fabricius); f.Coelophora bissellata (Mulsant); e. Illeis cincta (Fabricius); f. Coccinella transversalis Fabricius; g. Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius); h. Micraspis tenuilinea (Walker)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261522" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261522/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
General appearance alligator-like (‘campodeiform’), ground colour slate grey to dark chocolate brown or black or yellow or reddish, with red, orange, yellow, or white spots / patterns, dorsal surface sometimes pruinose / covered with a whitish dust. Larvae of mycophagous species usually bright lemon yellow, or pale greyish with black and yellow spots and patterns.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F0741453463CBD8F3173FB7CF8EA" blockId="11.[151,1437,654,1905]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B91A2C661453463CBD8F3173FEB8F8B3" bold="true" box="[199,373,1806,1833]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Pupae (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF11453463CBC693172FEABF8B3" box="[289,358,1806,1832]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[216,1372,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[216,1372,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pupae of Coccinellini: a. Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius); b. Coccinella transversalis Fabricius; c. Illeis bielawskii Ghorpade; d. Coelophora bissellata Mulsant; e. Calvia explanata Poorani; f. Harmonia octomaculata (Fabricius); g. Oenopia sauzeti (Mulsant); h. Anegleis cardoni (Weise)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261526/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71453463CBC343173FDC8F8B2" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1807" box="[380,517,1807,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Coccinellini">Coccinellini</taxonomicName>
pupae are exarate, though legs and other appendages are not fully free, with some degree of partial fusion and are usually found attached to the substrate with the last larval skin attached to the caudal end. The pupae of most 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71453463CBCED312BFDE3F8EA" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1807" box="[421,558,1879,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Coccinellini">Coccinellini</taxonomicName>
are often brightly coloured with spots and other patterns.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF11A0FC1454463BBDDF31EBFBCAF86C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261514" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8261514" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261514/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" startId="12.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[213,1375,181,1919]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD1F0741454463BBDDF31EBFBCAF86C" blockId="12.[151,1436,1943,2040]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B91A2C661454463BBDDF31EBFEDAF834" bold="true" box="[151,279,1943,1967]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Representative images of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71454463BBF7D31EBFD7CF834" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1807" box="[565,689,1943,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Coccinellini">Coccinellini</taxonomicName>
(adult): a. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71454463BBE6531EBFB59F834" authority="Fabricius" authorityName="Fabricius" box="[813,1172,1943,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Coccinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transversalis">
<emphasis id="B91A2C661454463BBE6531EBFBE5F834" box="[813,1064,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Coccinella transversalis</emphasis>
Fabricius
</taxonomicName>
; b. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71454463BB98831EBFEC7F848" authority="(Fabricius)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Megalocaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dilatata">
<emphasis id="B91A2C661454463BB98831EBFA51F834" box="[1216,1436,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Megalocaria dilatata</emphasis>
(Fabricius)
</taxonomicName>
; c. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71454463BBC6431C0FDFEF848" authority="(Mulsant)" baseAuthorityName="Mulsant" box="[300,563,1979,2003]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Oenopia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kirbyi">
<emphasis id="B91A2C661454463BBC6431C0FE08F848" box="[300,453,1979,2003]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Oenopia kirbyi</emphasis>
(Mulsant)
</taxonomicName>
; d. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71454463BBF1031C7FC5BF848" authority="(Thunberg)" baseAuthorityName="Thunberg" baseAuthorityYear="1781" box="[600,918,1979,2003]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Synonycha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis id="B91A2C661454463BBF1031C7FCD4F848" box="[600,793,1979,2003]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Synonycha grandis</emphasis>
(Thunberg)
</taxonomicName>
; e. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71454463BBEF131C7FAC8F848" authority="Semenow" authorityName="Semenow" box="[953,1285,1979,2003]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Halyzia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tschitscherini">
<emphasis id="B91A2C661454463BBEF131C7FB55F848" box="[953,1176,1979,2003]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Halyzia tschitscherini</emphasis>
Semenow
</taxonomicName>
; f. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71454463BB86D31C7FEC7F86C" authority="(Fabricius)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Illeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cincta">
<emphasis id="B91A2C661454463BB86D31C7FA51F848" box="[1317,1436,1979,2003]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Illeis cincta</emphasis>
(Fabricius)
</taxonomicName>
; g. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71454463BBC65319CFDA3F86C" authority="(Mulsant)" baseAuthorityName="Mulsant" box="[301,622,2015,2039]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Synona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanopepla">
<emphasis id="B91A2C661454463BBC65319CFDCCF86C" box="[301,513,2015,2039]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Synona melanopepla</emphasis>
(Mulsant)
</taxonomicName>
; h. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71454463BBFDA319CFBCEF86C" authority="(Fabricius)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1781" box="[658,1027,2015,2039]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Harmonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="octomacutata">
<emphasis id="B91A2C661454463BBFDA319CFC47F86C" box="[658,906,2016,2039]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Harmonia octomacutata</emphasis>
(Fabricius)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF11A0FC1455463ABDDF31EBFB9DF848" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261516" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8261516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261516/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" startId="13.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[273,1314,185,1919]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD1F0741455463ABDDF31EBFB9DF848" blockId="13.[151,1437,1943,2003]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B91A2C661455463ABDDF31EBFEDEF834" bold="true" box="[151,275,1943,1967]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
a, b. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71455463ABC0431EBFE3EF834" box="[332,499,1943,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Singhikalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B91A2C661455463ABC0431EBFE72F834" box="[332,447,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Singhikalia</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
, the only 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71455463ABF1F31EBFD1EF834" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1807" box="[599,723,1943,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Coccinellini">Coccinellini</taxonomicName>
genus with dorsal pubescence; c–h. Beetles similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71455463AB84931EBFA4CF834" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1807" box="[1281,1409,1943,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Coccinellini">Coccinellini</taxonomicName>
: c, d. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71455463ABDF931C7FE39F848" box="[177,500,1979,2003]" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" genus="Cyclotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B91A2C661455463ABDF931C7FED2F848" box="[177,287,1979,2003]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Cyclotoma</emphasis>
sp. (Endomychidae)
</taxonomicName>
; e–h. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71455463ABF6731C0FB81F848" authority="(Westwood)" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" box="[559,1100,1979,2003]" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Derispia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coccinelloides">
<emphasis id="B91A2C661455463ABF6731C0FCD2F848" box="[559,799,1979,2003]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Derispia coccinelloides</emphasis>
(Westwood) (Tenebrionidae)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF11A0FC14564639BDDF31EBFC23F86C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261520" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8261520" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261520/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" startId="14.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[203,1384,181,1919]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414564639BDDF31EBFC23F86C" blockId="14.[151,1437,1943,2040]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614564639BDDF31EBFED9F834" bold="true" box="[151,276,1943,1967]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Eggs of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714564639BC3831EBFE3DF834" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1807" box="[368,496,1943,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Coccinellini">Coccinellini</taxonomicName>
: a. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714564639BF5B31EBFC59F834" authority="(Fabricius)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1781" box="[531,916,1943,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Cheilomenes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sexmaculata">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614564639BF5B31EBFCD6F834" box="[531,795,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Cheilomenes sexmaculata</emphasis>
(Fabricius)
</taxonomicName>
; b. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714564639BEF131EBFAC6F834" authority="(Fabricius)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[953,1291,1943,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Megalocaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dilatata">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614564639BEF131EBFB5FF834" box="[953,1170,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Megalocaria dilatata</emphasis>
(Fabricius)
</taxonomicName>
; c. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714564639B86631EBFE90F848" authority="(Thunberg)" baseAuthorityName="Thunberg" baseAuthorityYear="1781" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Synonycha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614564639B86631EBFF29F848" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Synonycha grandis</emphasis>
(Thunberg)
</taxonomicName>
(image credit: H.M. Yeshwanth); d. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714564639BF8431C7FC03F848" authority="(Weise)" baseAuthorityName="Weise" box="[716,974,1979,2003]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Anegleis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cardoni">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614564639BF8431C7FCBAF848" box="[716,887,1979,2003]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Anegleis cardoni</emphasis>
(Weise)
</taxonomicName>
; e. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714564639BEA631C7FA81F848" authority="Fabricius" authorityName="Fabricius" box="[1006,1356,1979,2003]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Coccinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transversalis">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614564639BEA631C7FB28F848" box="[1006,1253,1979,2003]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Coccinella transversalis</emphasis>
Fabricius
</taxonomicName>
; f. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714564639B82231C7FE83F86C" authority="(Fabricius)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Illeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cincta">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614564639B82231C7FF18F86C" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Illeis cincta</emphasis>
(Fabricius)
</taxonomicName>
; g. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714564639BC39319CFD68F86C" authority="(Walker)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" box="[369,677,2015,2039]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Micraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuilinea">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614564639BC39319CFD8FF86C" box="[369,578,2015,2039]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Micraspis tenuilinea</emphasis>
(Walker)
</taxonomicName>
; h. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714564639BF8131A3FC27F86C" authority="(Mulsant)" baseAuthorityName="Mulsant" box="[713,1002,2015,2039]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Propylea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dissecta">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614564639BF8131A3FCB0F86C" box="[713,893,2015,2039]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Propylea dissecta</emphasis>
(Mulsant)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF11A0FC14574638BDDF31EBFDA8F86C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261522" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8261522" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261522/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" startId="15.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[212,1375,181,1919]" targetPageId="15" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414574638BDDF31EBFDA8F86C" blockId="15.[151,1437,1943,2039]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614574638BDDF31EBFEC6F834" bold="true" box="[151,267,1943,1967]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">FIGURE 5</emphasis>
. Larvae of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714574638BC3231EBFE37F834" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1807" box="[378,506,1943,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Coccinellini">Coccinellini</taxonomicName>
: a. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714574638BF5031EBFD3AF834" authority="Booth" authorityName="Booth" box="[536,759,1943,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Calvia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flaveola">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614574638BF5031EBFD7FF834" box="[536,690,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Calvia flaveola</emphasis>
Booth
</taxonomicName>
; b. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714574638BE5F31EBFBF8F834" authority="(Mulsant)" baseAuthorityName="Mulsant" box="[791,1077,1943,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Propylea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dissecta">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614574638BE5F31EBFC07F834" box="[791,970,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Propylea dissecta</emphasis>
(Mulsant)
</taxonomicName>
; c. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714574638B91C31E4FA55F834" authority="(Fabricius)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1781" box="[1108,1432,1943,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Harmonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimidiata">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614574638B91C31E4FAECF834" box="[1108,1313,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Harmonia dimidiata</emphasis>
(Fabricius)
</taxonomicName>
; f. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714574638BDE231C7FE38F848" authority="(Mulsant)" baseAuthorityName="Mulsant" box="[170,501,1979,2003]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Coelophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bissellata">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614574638BDE231C7FE44F848" box="[170,393,1979,2003]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Coelophora bissellata</emphasis>
(Mulsant)
</taxonomicName>
; e. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714574638BF5B31C7FD32F848" authority="(Fabricius)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[531,767,1979,2003]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Illeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cincta">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614574638BF5B31C7FD44F848" box="[531,649,1979,2003]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Illeis cincta</emphasis>
(Fabricius)
</taxonomicName>
; f. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714574638BE5331C7FBBAF848" authority="Fabricius" authorityName="Fabricius" box="[795,1143,1979,2003]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Coccinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transversalis">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614574638BE5331C7FBDDF848" box="[795,1040,1979,2003]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Coccinella transversalis</emphasis>
Fabricius
</taxonomicName>
; g. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714574638B9DE31C7FEC7F86C" authority="(Fabricius)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1781" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Cheilomenes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sexmaculata">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614574638B9DE31C7FA50F848" box="[1174,1437,1979,2003]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cheilomenes sexmaculata</emphasis>
(Fabricius)
</taxonomicName>
; h. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714574638BC65319CFDACF86C" authority="(Walker)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" box="[301,609,2015,2039]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Micraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuilinea">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614574638BC65319CFE33F86C" box="[301,510,2015,2039]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Micraspis tenuilinea</emphasis>
(Walker)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF11A0FC14484627BDDF31EBFD1EF86C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261526" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8261526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261526/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" startId="16.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[216,1372,181,1919]" targetPageId="16" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414484627BDDF31EBFD1EF86C" blockId="16.[151,1437,1943,2039]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614484627BDDF31EBFEDDF834" bold="true" box="[151,272,1943,1967]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FIGURE 6</emphasis>
. Pupae of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714484627BCCD31EBFDC8F834" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1807" box="[389,517,1943,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Coccinellini">Coccinellini</taxonomicName>
: a. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714484627BF6431EBFC7EF834" authority="(Fabricius)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1781" box="[556,947,1943,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Cheilomenes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sexmaculata">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614484627BF6431EBFCF5F834" box="[556,824,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Cheilomenes sexmaculata</emphasis>
(Fabricius)
</taxonomicName>
; b. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714484627BE9531EBFA8FF834" authority="Fabricius" authorityName="Fabricius" box="[989,1346,1943,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Coccinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transversalis">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614484627BE9531EBFB1AF834" box="[989,1239,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Coccinella transversalis</emphasis>
Fabricius
</taxonomicName>
; c. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714484627B82231EBFEA6F848" authority="Ghorpade" authorityName="Ghorpade" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Illeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bielawskii">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614484627B82231EBFF33F848" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Illeis bielawskii</emphasis>
Ghorpade
</taxonomicName>
; d. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714484627BCC631C7FD07F848" authority="Mulsant" authorityName="Mulsant" box="[398,714,1979,2003]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Coelophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bissellata">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614484627BCC631C7FDA3F848" box="[398,622,1979,2003]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Coelophora bissellata</emphasis>
Mulsant
</taxonomicName>
; e. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714484627BFA331C7FC3CF848" authority="Poorani" authorityName="Poorani" box="[747,1009,1979,2003]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Calvia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="explanata">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614484627BFA331C7FC54F848" box="[747,921,1979,2003]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Calvia explanata</emphasis>
Poorani
</taxonomicName>
; f. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714484627B94731C0FAB2F848" authority="(Fabricius)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1781" box="[1039,1407,1979,2003]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Harmonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="octomaculata">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614484627B94731C0FACAF848" box="[1039,1287,1979,2003]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Harmonia octomaculata</emphasis>
(Fabricius)
</taxonomicName>
; g. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714484627BDDF319CFE65F86C" authority="(Mulsant)" baseAuthorityName="Mulsant" box="[151,424,2015,2039]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Oenopia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sauzeti">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614484627BDDF319CFEF6F86C" box="[151,315,2016,2039]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Oenopia sauzeti</emphasis>
(Mulsant)
</taxonomicName>
; h. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714484627BC8431A3FD02F86C" authority="(Weise)" baseAuthorityName="Weise" box="[460,719,2015,2039]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Anegleis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cardoni">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614484627BC8431A3FDB5F86C" box="[460,632,2015,2039]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Anegleis cardoni</emphasis>
(Weise)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14494626BD8F36EAFCE2FD82" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414494626BD8F36EAFCE2FD82" blockId="17.[151,1437,150,753]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614494626BD8F36EAFDC1FF2B" bold="true" box="[199,524,150,177]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Biology / prey preferences.</emphasis>
In general, members of the tribe 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714494626BEDA36EBFBD6FF2A" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1807" box="[914,1051,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Coccinellini">Coccinellini</taxonomicName>
are aphidophagous and also feed on other 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714494626BDB636C7FEB9FF4E" box="[254,372,187,213]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Hemiptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
such as psyllids, leaf- and planthoppers, whiteflies and early-stage larvae of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714494626B9AC36C7FAA6FF4E" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1252,1387,187,213]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
and also mites. Among Indian species, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714494626BF6136A3FC81FF62" authority="(Weise)" baseAuthorityName="Weise" box="[553,844,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Anegleis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cardoni">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614494626BF6136A3FD24FF62" box="[553,745,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Anegleis cardoni</emphasis>
(Weise)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714494626BE1136A3FB19FF62" authority="(Fabricius)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[857,1236,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Phrynocaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unicolor">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614494626BE1136A3FB82FF62" box="[857,1103,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Phrynocaria unicolor</emphasis>
(Fabricius)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714494626B84736A3FEBEFE86" authority="(Mulsant)" baseAuthorityName="Mulsant" baseAuthorityYear="1850" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Phrynocaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perrotteti">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614494626B84736A3FECDFE87" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Phrynocaria perrotteti</emphasis>
(Mulsant)
</taxonomicName>
show a propensity to feed on whiteflies in preference to aphids (label data, personal observations). 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714494626BDDF375BFE22FEDA" authority="(Hope)" baseAuthorityName="Hope" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[151,495,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Aiolocaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hexaspilota">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614494626BDDF375BFE55FEDA" box="[151,408,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Aiolocaria hexaspilota</emphasis>
(Hope)
</taxonomicName>
and some species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714494626BFA9375BFCE1FEDA" box="[737,812,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Calvia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614494626BFA9375BFCE1FEDA" box="[737,812,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Calvia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are notable for being predatory on the eggs, larvae and pupae of chrysomelid beetles (Booth 1997). Species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714494626BE4E3737FC5AFEFE" authority="Pope" authorityName="Pope. Morphologically" authorityYear="1989" box="[774,919,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Synona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614494626BE4E3737FC95FEFE" box="[774,856,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Synona</emphasis>
Pope
</taxonomicName>
are predators of plataspidid bugs (
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714494626B8533737FA58FEFE" box="[1307,1429,331,357]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Hemiptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
) in 
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414494626BDFE3713FF3DFE12" box="[182,240,367,393]" name="India" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">India</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414494626BC613713FE5DFE12" box="[297,400,367,393]" name="Australia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514494626BCE8370CFD84FE12" author="Slipinski, A." box="[416,585,367,395]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref122747" refString="Slipinski, A. (2007) Australian ladybird beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Their biology and classification. Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra, xviii + 286 pp." type="book" year="2007">Ślipiński 2007</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514494626BF1F3713FCF8FE12" author="Poorani, J. &amp; Slipinski, A. &amp; Booth, R. G." box="[599,821,367,393]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="579 - 594" refId="ref119452" refString="Poorani, J., Slipinski, A. &amp; Booth, R. G. (2008) A revision of Synona Pope (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Coccinellini). Annales Zoologici, 58, 579 - 594. https: // doi. org / 10.3161 / 000345408 X 364427" type="journal article" year="2008">
Poorani 
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614494626BFFF3713FD26FE12" box="[695,747,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
. 2008
</bibRefCitation>
) and Indian 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714494626BE8F3713FB9CFE12" box="[967,1105,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Synona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614494626BE8F3713FBD4FE12" box="[967,1049,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Synona</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
are well known predators of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714494626BDDF37EFFE25FE36" authority="Distant" authorityName="Distant" box="[151,488,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Plataspidae" genus="Coptosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ostensum">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614494626BDDF37EFFE44FE37" box="[151,393,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Coptosoma ostensum</emphasis>
Distant
</taxonomicName>
, a major pest of pigeonpea (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514494626BE7F37EFFBD0FE36" author="Poorani, J. &amp; Slipinski, A. &amp; Booth, R. G." box="[823,1053,403,429]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="579 - 594" refId="ref119452" refString="Poorani, J., Slipinski, A. &amp; Booth, R. G. (2008) A revision of Synona Pope (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Coccinellini). Annales Zoologici, 58, 579 - 594. https: // doi. org / 10.3161 / 000345408 X 364427" type="journal article" year="2008">
Poorani 
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614494626BED237EFFC02FE36" box="[922,975,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
. 2008
</bibRefCitation>
). In 
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414494626B91D37EFFB42FE36" box="[1109,1167,403,429]" name="India" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">India</collectingCountry>
and elsewhere, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714494626B80537EFFE69FE4A" authority="(Hummel)" baseAuthorityName="Hummel" baseAuthorityYear="1827" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Bulaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lichatschovii">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614494626B80537EFFEEBFE4A" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Bulaea lichatschovii</emphasis>
(Hummel)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714494626BC9637CBFCE5FE4A" authority="Mulsant" authorityName="Mulsant" box="[478,808,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Bulaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lividula" subSpecies="bocandei">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614494626BC9637CBFD09FE4A" box="[478,708,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">B. lividula bocandei</emphasis>
Mulsant
</taxonomicName>
feed on pollen and may be occasionally phytophagous (Poorani 
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614494626BDB737A7FEFDFE6E" box="[255,304,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
. 2018). 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714494626BCC537A7FDFEFE6E" box="[397,563,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Micraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614494626BCC537A7FE30FE6F" box="[397,509,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Micraspis</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
are abundant in the paddy ecosystems of the Indian region and feed primarily on rice pollen and also on insect prey (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514494626BF0F3783FCEEFD82" author="Poorani, J. &amp; Booth, R. G. &amp; Anuradha, C. &amp; Gracy, R. G. &amp; Thanigairaj, R. &amp; Swathi, R. S." box="[583,803,511,537]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="446 - 476" refId="ref119712" refString="Poorani, J., Booth, R. G., Anuradha, C., Gracy, R. G., Thanigairaj, R. &amp; Swathi, R. S. (2023) Identity of the ' true' Micraspis discolor (Fabricius) (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) with illustrated diagnostic notes on other Micraspis spp. in Indian paddy fields. Zootaxa, 5271 (3), 446 - 476. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5271.3.2" type="journal article" year="2023">
Poorani 
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614494626BFEF3783FD12FD82" box="[679,735,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
2023
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14494626BD8F345FFA99FD6A" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414494626BD8F345FFA99FD6A" blockId="17.[151,1437,150,753]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
The molecular phylogenetic study on 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714494626BF27345FFD35FDA6" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1807" box="[623,760,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Coccinellini">Coccinellini</taxonomicName>
by Escalona 
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614494626BEC6345FFC0AFDA6" box="[910,967,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
(2017) was focused on the reconstruction of the evolution of selected morphological traits and food preferences in 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714494626BE9C343BFBACFDFA" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1807" box="[980,1121,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Coccinellini">Coccinellini</taxonomicName>
. Their analysis supports the idea of aphidophagy being the ancestral state in 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714494626BFF03417FC88FD1E" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1807" box="[696,837,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Coccinellini">Coccinellini</taxonomicName>
. They suggested that evolution of host preferences in 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714494626BDDF34F3FEEDFD32" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1807" box="[151,288,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Coccinellini">Coccinellini</taxonomicName>
possibly involved multiple independent host switches from different insect orders to fungal spores and plant tissue and that prey diversification and switch to pollinivory, herbivory, mycophagy or predation on non-aphid hosts during periods of low aphid abundance in 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714494626BFF934ABFCF7FD6A" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1807" box="[689,826,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Coccinellini">Coccinellini</taxonomicName>
probably played a major role in their evolution.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14494626BDDF3540FCE5FCCD" box="[151,808,828,854]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="key">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414494626BDDF3540FCE5FCCD" blockId="17.[151,1418,828,891]" box="[151,808,828,854]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<heading id="D099471814494626BDDF3540FCE5FCCD" bold="true" box="[151,808,828,854]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614494626BDDF3540FCE5FCCD" bold="true" box="[151,808,828,854]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Key to the genera of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714494626BCD33540FDE2FCCD" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1807" box="[411,559,828,854]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Coccinellini">Coccinellini</taxonomicName>
of Indian mainland
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14494626BDDF351CFA47FCE1" box="[151,1418,864,891]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414494626BDDF351CFA47FCE1" blockId="17.[151,1418,828,891]" box="[151,1418,864,891]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
(Note. Schematic illustrations / photos of the major diagnostic characters used in the key are given in 
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114494626B842351CFAB0FCE1" box="[1290,1405,864,890]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 7" captionStart-1="FIGURE 8" captionStart-2="FIGURE 9" captionStart-3="FIGURE 10" captionStart-4="FIGURE 11" captionStart-5="FIGURE 12" captionStartId-0="19.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionStartId-1="20.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionStartId-2="21.[151,250,1926,1950]" captionStartId-3="22.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionStartId-4="23.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionStartId-5="24.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox-0="[162,1427,187,1913]" captionTargetBox-1="[313,1275,182,1884]" captionTargetBox-2="[153,1433,185,1889]" captionTargetBox-3="[205,1377,188,1913]" captionTargetBox-4="[233,1353,194,1882]" captionTargetBox-5="[231,1361,192,1879]" captionTargetId-0="figure-15@19.[156,1431,181,1919]" captionTargetId-1="figure-20@20.[312,1276,181,1884]" captionTargetId-2="figure-15@21.[151,1436,181,1902]" captionTargetId-3="figure-20@22.[200,1388,181,1920]" captionTargetId-4="figure-15@23.[225,1361,181,1885]" captionTargetId-5="figure-20@24.[218,1369,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId-0="19" captionTargetPageId-1="20" captionTargetPageId-2="21" captionTargetPageId-3="22" captionTargetPageId-4="23" captionTargetPageId-5="24" captionText-0="FIGURE 7. Schematic illustration of the major diagnostic characters of Coccinellidae / Coccinellini:A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view (Abbreviations: Em2—mesepimeron; Em3—metepimeron; Es2—mesanepisternum; Es3—metanepisternum; V1–V6: abdominal ventrite 1–6)." captionText-1="FIGURE 8. Diagnostic characters in Coccinellini: a. head, dorsal aspect; b. head, ventral aspect; c. prothorax, ventral view. (Abbreviations: AN—antenna; SC—scape; PD—pedicel; EY—eye; CL—clypeus; FR—frons; LB—labrum; ST—stipes; CA—cardo; MX—maxilla; MT—mentum; HP—prothoracic hypomeron; PST—prosternum; PSC—prosternal carina; FO— hypomeral fovea)." captionText-2="FIGURE 9. Key characters in various Coccinellini: a–f. Head: a. Bulaea; b. Anegleis; c. Coelophora; d. Harmonia; e. Illeis; f. Halyzia; g–i. mandibles: g. Illeis; h. Coccinella; i. Bulaea." captionText-3="FIGURE 10. Representative illustrations of diagnostic characters: a–i. antenna: a. Adalia; b. Coelophora; c. Harmonia; d. Propylea; e. Cheilomenes; f. Hippodamia; g. Bulaea; h. Coccinella; i. Illeis; j–o. maxilla: j. Coccinella; k. Oenopia; l. Bulaea; m. Illeis; n. Adalia; o. Cheilomenes." captionText-4="FIGURE 11. Representative illustrations of key characters in Coccinellini: a. prosternal process without carinae; b. prosternal process with carinae; c. tibia without apical spur; d. tibia with a pair of apical spurs; e–p. abdominal postcoxal line: e, f, k, m, p. incomplete with an associated line; g–j, n, o. incomplete without associated line; l. complete; q–v. tarsal claw types: q, s. simple; r, t. bifid / double; u, v. appendiculate." captionText-5="FIGURE 12. Genitalia in Coccinellini: a. female genitalia; b. spermatheca; c–e. male genitalia: c. tegmen, lateral view; d. tegmen, ventral view; e. penis. (Abbreviations: bp—basal piece; bs—bursa; cx—coxite; cg—colleterial gland; co—cornu; inf—infundibulum; no—nodulus; rm—ramus; pa—penis apex; pc—penis capsule; pg—penis guide; pm—paramere; sp— spermatheca; sd—sperm duct; sg—spermathecal gland; ts—tegminal strut / trabes)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261528" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261532" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261534" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261538" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261540" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261542" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/8261528/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/8261532/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/8261534/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/8261538/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/8261540/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/8261542/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs 7–12</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF1449462EBDDF35E2FA51FCA9" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="key">
<keyStep id="309AE8D114494626BDDF35E2FA51FBB2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414494626BDDF35E2FA51FC75" blockId="17.[151,1437,926,2004]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<keyLead id="309F534114494626BDDF35E2FA51FC75" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
1. Dorsum with distinct, short and dense pubescence, ground colour reddish with black maculae on pronotum and elytra (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114494626B81B35E2FF3CFC49" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[213,1375,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-20@12.[213,1375,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 2. Representative images of Coccinellini (adult): a. Coccinella transversalis Fabricius; b. Megalocaria dilatata (Fabricius); c. Oenopia kirbyi (Mulsant); d. Synonycha grandis (Thunberg); e. Halyzia tschitscherini Semenow; f. Illeis cincta (Fabricius); g. Synona melanopepla (Mulsant); h. Harmonia octomacutata (Fabricius)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261514" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261514/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 2a, b</figureCitation>
). Abdominal postcoxal lines incomplete with an oblique associated line (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114494626BEEC35C0FC23FC49" box="[932,1006,956,978]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,187,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-15@19.[156,1431,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 7. Schematic illustration of the major diagnostic characters of Coccinellidae / Coccinellini:A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view (Abbreviations: Em2—mesepimeron; Em3—metepimeron; Es2—mesanepisternum; Es3—metanepisternum; V1–V6: abdominal ventrite 1–6)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261528" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261528/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs 7b</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114494626BEBF35C0FBB7FC4A" box="[1015,1146,956,978]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[233,1353,194,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-15@23.[225,1361,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. Representative illustrations of key characters in Coccinellini: a. prosternal process without carinae; b. prosternal process with carinae; c. tibia without apical spur; d. tibia with a pair of apical spurs; e–p. abdominal postcoxal line: e, f, k, m, p. incomplete with an associated line; g–j, n, o. incomplete without associated line; l. complete; q–v. tarsal claw types: q, s. simple; r, t. bifid / double; u, v. appendiculate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261540" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261540/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">11e, f, k, m, p</figureCitation>
). Distributed in the Himalayas (Sikkim) and 
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414494626BC2E35A5FE77FC74" box="[358,442,985,1007]" name="Pakistan" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
, rarely collected............................................................ 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714494626B86735A5FA51FC75" box="[1327,1436,985,1006]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Singhikalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614494626B86735A5FA51FC75" box="[1327,1436,985,1006]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Singhikalia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414494626BDDF358BFA51FBB2" blockId="17.[151,1437,926,2004]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<keyLead id="309F534114494626BDDF358BFA51FBB2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
- Dorsum always glabrous, coloration variable (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114494626BFEB358AFCCEFB97" box="[675,771,1014,1036]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1307,1331]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1284]" captionTargetId="figure-20@8.[151,1436,181,1284]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map of the geographic spread of the Indian Subcontinent." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261512" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261512/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 1a–h</figureCitation>
). Abdominal postcoxal lines complete (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114494626B9CC358AFB1DFB97" box="[1156,1232,1014,1036]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[233,1353,194,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-15@23.[225,1361,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. Representative illustrations of key characters in Coccinellini: a. prosternal process without carinae; b. prosternal process with carinae; c. tibia without apical spur; d. tibia with a pair of apical spurs; e–p. abdominal postcoxal line: e, f, k, m, p. incomplete with an associated line; g–j, n, o. incomplete without associated line; l. complete; q–v. tarsal claw types: q, s. simple; r, t. bifid / double; u, v. appendiculate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261540" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261540/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 11l</figureCitation>
) or incomplete, with (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114494626BDA13268FE56FBB2" box="[233,411,1044,1066]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[233,1353,194,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-15@23.[225,1361,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. Representative illustrations of key characters in Coccinellini: a. prosternal process without carinae; b. prosternal process with carinae; c. tibia without apical spur; d. tibia with a pair of apical spurs; e–p. abdominal postcoxal line: e, f, k, m, p. incomplete with an associated line; g–j, n, o. incomplete without associated line; l. complete; q–v. tarsal claw types: q, s. simple; r, t. bifid / double; u, v. appendiculate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261540" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261540/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 11e, f, k, m, p</figureCitation>
) or without (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114494626BF513268FD61FBB2" box="[537,684,1044,1066]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[233,1353,194,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-15@23.[225,1361,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. Representative illustrations of key characters in Coccinellini: a. prosternal process without carinae; b. prosternal process with carinae; c. tibia without apical spur; d. tibia with a pair of apical spurs; e–p. abdominal postcoxal line: e, f, k, m, p. incomplete with an associated line; g–j, n, o. incomplete without associated line; l. complete; q–v. tarsal claw types: q, s. simple; r, t. bifid / double; u, v. appendiculate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261540" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261540/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Fig. 
<quantity id="4C965D9114494626BF0E3268FDA5FBB1" box="[582,616,1044,1066]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="g" value="11.0">11g</quantity>
–j, n, o
</figureCitation>
) an oblique associated line. Distribution variable...................... 2
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="309AE8D114494626BDDF324DFA51FB27" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414494626BDDF324DFA51FB1A" blockId="17.[151,1437,926,2004]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<keyLead id="309F534114494626BDDF324DFA51FB1A" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
2. Mandibles apically bifid with ventral tooth / incisor edge having a row of small teeth (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114494626B95B324DFB97FBDD" box="[1043,1114,1073,1095]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1926,1950]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,185,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-15@21.[151,1436,181,1902]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 9. Key characters in various Coccinellini: a–f. Head: a. Bulaea; b. Anegleis; c. Coelophora; d. Harmonia; e. Illeis; f. Halyzia; g–i. mandibles: g. Illeis; h. Coccinella; i. Bulaea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261534" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261534/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Fig. 
<quantity id="4C965D9114494626B977324DFB97FBDD" box="[1087,1114,1073,1094]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="9.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="g" value="9.0">9g</quantity>
</figureCitation>
). Anterior clypeal margin without distinct lateral projections or only barely produced. Antenna much longer than head width, with a loosely segmented club (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114494626B83D3232FF36FB1A" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1926,1950]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,185,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-15@21.[151,1436,181,1902]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 9. Key characters in various Coccinellini: a–f. Head: a. Bulaea; b. Anegleis; c. Coelophora; d. Harmonia; e. Illeis; f. Halyzia; g–i. mandibles: g. Illeis; h. Coccinella; i. Bulaea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261534" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261534/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 9e</figureCitation>
). Coloration predominantly yellow or creamy yellow with other patterns....................................... 3
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414494626BDDF32F5FA51FB27" blockId="17.[151,1437,926,2004]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<keyLead id="309F534114494626BDDF32F5FA51FB27" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
- Mandibles large, apically bifid with a sclerotized basal mola bearing a prominent tooth (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114494626B96A32F5FBB4FB04" box="[1058,1145,1161,1183]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1926,1950]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,185,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-15@21.[151,1436,181,1902]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 9. Key characters in various Coccinellini: a–f. Head: a. Bulaea; b. Anegleis; c. Coelophora; d. Harmonia; e. Illeis; f. Halyzia; g–i. mandibles: g. Illeis; h. Coccinella; i. Bulaea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261534" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261534/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 9h, i</figureCitation>
). Anterior clypeal margin with distinct lateral projections (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114494626BCA032DAFD84FB27" box="[488,585,1190,1212]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1926,1950]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,185,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-15@21.[151,1436,181,1902]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 9. Key characters in various Coccinellini: a–f. Head: a. Bulaea; b. Anegleis; c. Coelophora; d. Harmonia; e. Illeis; f. Halyzia; g–i. mandibles: g. Illeis; h. Coccinella; i. Bulaea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261534" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261534/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 9b–d</figureCitation>
). Antennal length and coloration variable.................................... 6
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="309AE8D114494626BDDF32B8FA51FA88" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414494626BDDF32B8FA51FB6D" blockId="17.[151,1437,926,2004]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<keyLead id="309F534114494626BDDF32B8FA51FB6D" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
3. Terminal maxillary palpomere greatly transverse (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114494626BF8F32B8FCE9FB42" box="[711,804,1220,1242]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[205,1377,188,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-20@22.[200,1388,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 10. Representative illustrations of diagnostic characters: a–i. antenna: a. Adalia; b. Coelophora; c. Harmonia; d. Propylea; e. Cheilomenes; f. Hippodamia; g. Bulaea; h. Coccinella; i. Illeis; j–o. maxilla: j. Coccinella; k. Oenopia; l. Bulaea; m. Illeis; n. Adalia; o. Cheilomenes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261538" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261538/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Fig. 
<quantity id="4C965D9114494626BFBD32B8FCE9FB42" box="[757,804,1220,1241]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="10.0">10m</quantity>
</figureCitation>
). Adults bright lemon yellow or creamy yellow, usually with and rarely without a pair of black spots on pronotum (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114494626BFF7329DFCCDFB6C" box="[703,768,1249,1271]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1307,1331]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1284]" captionTargetId="figure-20@8.[151,1436,181,1284]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map of the geographic spread of the Indian Subcontinent." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261512" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261512/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Fig. 
<specimenCount id="9D683BFD14494626BFA4329DFCCDFB6C" box="[748,768,1249,1271]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="generic">1f</specimenCount>
</figureCitation>
................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714494626B824329DFA51FB6D" box="[1388,1436,1249,1270]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Illeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614494626B824329DFA51FB6D" box="[1388,1436,1249,1270]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Illeis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414494626BDDF3283FA51FA88" blockId="17.[151,1437,926,2004]" box="[151,1436,1278,1300]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<keyLead id="309F534114494626BDDF3283FA51FA88" box="[151,1436,1278,1300]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
- Terminal maxillary palpomere less strongly transverse (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114494626BFB13282FCF0FA8F" box="[761,829,1278,1300]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1926,1950]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,185,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-15@21.[151,1436,181,1902]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 9. Key characters in various Coccinellini: a–f. Head: a. Bulaea; b. Anegleis; c. Coelophora; d. Harmonia; e. Illeis; f. Halyzia; g–i. mandibles: g. Illeis; h. Coccinella; i. Bulaea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261534" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261534/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 9f</figureCitation>
). Adult coloration variable............................ 4
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="309AE8D114494626BDDF3360FA51FA12" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414494626BDDF3360FA51FAD5" blockId="17.[151,1437,926,2004]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<keyLead id="309F534114494626BDDF3360FA51FAD5" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
4. Adult very small (
<quantity id="4C965D9114494626BCC33367FE1EFAAA" box="[395,467,1307,1329]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
or less), creamy yellow, elytra with 18 black spots.Anterior margin of pronotum shallowly emarginate, covering only posterior half of eyes............................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714494626B87B3345FA51FAD5" ID-CoL="642SJ" box="[1331,1436,1337,1358]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Psyllobora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614494626B87B3345FA51FAD5" box="[1331,1436,1337,1358]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Psyllobora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414494626BDDF332BFA51FA12" blockId="17.[151,1437,926,2004]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<keyLead id="309F534114494626BDDF332BFA51FA12" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">- Adult much larger (4.0 mm or longer), coloration and elytral pattern variable. Anterior margin of pronotum more or less straight, almost fully covering eyes....................................................................... 5</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="309AE8D114494626BDDF33EDFA50FA65" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414494626BDDF33EDFA51FA58" blockId="17.[151,1437,926,2004]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<keyLead id="309F534114494626BDDF33EDFA51FA58" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
5. Male genitalia with parameres bilobed with a distinct subapical lobe, both lobes densely setose; penis capsule with inner process much reduced. Spermatheca c-shaped with distinct nodulus and ramus............................. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714494626B86633D2FA51FA58" box="[1326,1436,1454,1475]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Macroilleis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614494626B86633D2FA51FA58" box="[1326,1436,1454,1475]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Macroilleis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414494626BDDF33B0FA50FA65" blockId="17.[151,1437,926,2004]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<keyLead id="309F534114494626BDDF33B0FA50FA65" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
- Male genitalia with normal parameres, penis capsule with inner and outer processes almost subequal and distinct. Spermatheca c-shaped with nodulus and ramus distinct but produced to a lesser degree.................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714494626B81A3395FA50FA65" box="[1362,1437,1513,1534]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Halyzia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614494626B81A3395FA50FA65" box="[1362,1437,1513,1534]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Halyzia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="309AE8D114494626BDDF307AFA51F957" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414494626BDDF307AFA51F9E8" blockId="17.[151,1437,926,2004]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<keyLead id="309F534114494626BDDF307AFA51F9E8" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
6. Size small (2.5–3.0 mm), orange- or yellow-coloured adults with black maculae. Anterior margin of prosternum medially prominent, forming a chin piece; prosternal intercoxal process at a distinctly elevated plane and carinate. Abdominal postcoxal line incomplete without an associated line. Distribution restricted to northeastern 
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414494626BEB8303DFBE9F9CC" box="[1008,1060,1601,1623]" name="India" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">India</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414494626B965303DFB41F9CD" box="[1069,1164,1601,1622]" name="Myanmar" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
, Southeast Asia...................................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714494626B8753022FA51F9E8" box="[1341,1436,1630,1651]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Protothea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614494626B8753022FA51F9E8" box="[1341,1436,1630,1651]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Protothea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414494626BDDF3000FA51F957" blockId="17.[151,1437,926,2004]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<keyLead id="309F534114494626BDDF3000FA51F957" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">- Size larger (&gt;3.0 mm), coloration variable. Anterior margin of prosternum not forming a chin piece; prosternal intercoxal process normal, T-shaped, with or without carinae. Abdominal postcoxal line complete or incomplete, with or without an associated line. Distribution variable...................................................................... 7</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="309AE8D114494626BDDF30A8FA51F8E0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414494626BDDF30A8FA51F8B8" blockId="17.[151,1437,926,2004]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<keyLead id="309F534114494626BDDF30A8FA51F8B8" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
7. Form elongate oval, dorsum weakly to only moderately convex. Anterior margin of pronotum weakly excavated. Abdominal postcoxal lines complete and shallowly semicircular or absent. Legs long, distinctly projecting beyond outer margin of elytra. Tarsal claws double and cleft near apical one-third (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114494626BF9B3172FCD2F8B8" box="[723,799,1806,1828]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[233,1353,194,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-15@23.[225,1361,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. Representative illustrations of key characters in Coccinellini: a. prosternal process without carinae; b. prosternal process with carinae; c. tibia without apical spur; d. tibia with a pair of apical spurs; e–p. abdominal postcoxal line: e, f, k, m, p. incomplete with an associated line; g–j, n, o. incomplete without associated line; l. complete; q–v. tarsal claw types: q, s. simple; r, t. bifid / double; u, v. appendiculate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261540" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261540/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 11r</figureCitation>
).......................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714494626B86C3172FA51F8B8" ID-CoL="62V6X" box="[1316,1436,1806,1827]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Hippodamia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614494626B86C3172FA51F8B8" box="[1316,1436,1806,1827]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Hippodamia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414494626BDDF3150FA51F8E0" blockId="17.[151,1437,926,2004]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<keyLead id="309F534114494626BDDF3150FA51F8E0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
- Form broadly round, oval or elongate oval, dorsum moderately to strongly convex. Anterior margin of pronotum more strongly excavated. Abdominal postcoxal lines always present, complete or incomplete, with or without an associate line. Legs not unusually long. Tarsal claws appendiculate (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114494626BFC3311AFD39F8E0" box="[651,756,1894,1916]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[233,1353,194,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-15@23.[225,1361,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. Representative illustrations of key characters in Coccinellini: a. prosternal process without carinae; b. prosternal process with carinae; c. tibia without apical spur; d. tibia with a pair of apical spurs; e–p. abdominal postcoxal line: e, f, k, m, p. incomplete with an associated line; g–j, n, o. incomplete without associated line; l. complete; q–v. tarsal claw types: q, s. simple; r, t. bifid / double; u, v. appendiculate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261540" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261540/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 11u, v</figureCitation>
) or apically split (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114494626BEEB311AFC3DF8E0" box="[931,1008,1894,1916]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[233,1353,194,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-15@23.[225,1361,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. Representative illustrations of key characters in Coccinellini: a. prosternal process without carinae; b. prosternal process with carinae; c. tibia without apical spur; d. tibia with a pair of apical spurs; e–p. abdominal postcoxal line: e, f, k, m, p. incomplete with an associated line; g–j, n, o. incomplete without associated line; l. complete; q–v. tarsal claw types: q, s. simple; r, t. bifid / double; u, v. appendiculate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261540" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261540/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Fig. 
<quantity id="4C965D9114494626BE98311AFC3DF8E0" box="[976,1008,1894,1915]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="t" value="11.0">11t</quantity>
</figureCitation>
), or almost simple (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114494626B9E7311AFAD9F8E0" box="[1199,1300,1894,1916]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[233,1353,194,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-15@23.[225,1361,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. Representative illustrations of key characters in Coccinellini: a. prosternal process without carinae; b. prosternal process with carinae; c. tibia without apical spur; d. tibia with a pair of apical spurs; e–p. abdominal postcoxal line: e, f, k, m, p. incomplete with an associated line; g–j, n, o. incomplete without associated line; l. complete; q–v. tarsal claw types: q, s. simple; r, t. bifid / double; u, v. appendiculate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261540" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261540/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 11q, s</figureCitation>
)......... 8
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="309AE8D114494626BDDF31F8FA51F848" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414494626BDDF31F8FA51F802" blockId="17.[151,1437,926,2004]" box="[151,1436,1923,1946]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<keyLead id="309F534114494626BDDF31F8FA51F802" box="[151,1436,1923,1946]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">8. Scutellar shield small to very small (about 1/15 times as broad as elytra at shoulders or less), triangular................. 9</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414494626BDDF31DDFA51F848" blockId="17.[151,1437,926,2004]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<keyLead id="309F534114494626BDDF31DDFA51F848" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">- Scutellar shield regular triangular or broader, transverse triangular, not very small (at least 1/10 times as broad as elytral width at shoulders or wider)................................................................................. 11</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="309AE8D1144A4625BDDF36E4FA51FEA4" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<paragraph id="8BD1F074144A4625BDDF36E4FA51FF7C" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1963]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<keyLead id="309F5341144A4625BDDF36E4FA51FF7C" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
9. Form distinctly elongate oval. Antenna much longer than width of head capsule. Elytral epipleuron narrow. Prosternal intercoxal process narrow, without carinae (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF1144A4625BF5436C9FDA1FF51" box="[540,620,181,203]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[233,1353,194,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-15@23.[225,1361,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. Representative illustrations of key characters in Coccinellini: a. prosternal process without carinae; b. prosternal process with carinae; c. tibia without apical spur; d. tibia with a pair of apical spurs; e–p. abdominal postcoxal line: e, f, k, m, p. incomplete with an associated line; g–j, n, o. incomplete without associated line; l. complete; q–v. tarsal claw types: q, s. simple; r, t. bifid / double; u, v. appendiculate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261540" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261540/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 11a</figureCitation>
). Mesoventrite anteriorly barely emarginate. Mid- and hind tibiae with a pair of apical spurs (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF1144A4625BC6A36AEFEB9FF73" box="[290,372,210,232]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[233,1353,194,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-15@23.[225,1361,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. Representative illustrations of key characters in Coccinellini: a. prosternal process without carinae; b. prosternal process with carinae; c. tibia without apical spur; d. tibia with a pair of apical spurs; e–p. abdominal postcoxal line: e, f, k, m, p. incomplete with an associated line; g–j, n, o. incomplete without associated line; l. complete; q–v. tarsal claw types: q, s. simple; r, t. bifid / double; u, v. appendiculate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261540" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261540/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 11d</figureCitation>
). Distributed mainly in the colder parts of northwestern 
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E4144A4625BED836AEFC09FF73" box="[912,964,210,232]" name="India" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">India</collectingCountry>
, Himalayas, 
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E4144A4625B90836AEFB59FF73" box="[1088,1172,210,232]" name="Pakistan" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E4144A4625B9D636AEFB1AFF73" box="[1182,1239,210,232]" name="Nepal" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Nepal</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E4144A4625B84D36AEFA87FF73" box="[1285,1354,210,232]" name="Bhutan" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7144A4625B81436AEFA51FF7C" ID-CoL="NY2" box="[1372,1436,210,231]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Adalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66144A4625B81436AEFA51FF7C" box="[1372,1436,210,231]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Adalia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F074144A4625BDDF368CFA51FEA4" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1963]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<keyLead id="309F5341144A4625BDDF368CFA51FEA4" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
- Form broadly rounded or oval.Antenna shorter than or at most only slightly longer than width of head capsule. Elytral epipleuron distinctly broader. Prosternal intercoxal process broader, with (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF1144A4625BE753771FC43FEB8" box="[829,910,269,291]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[233,1353,194,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-15@23.[225,1361,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. Representative illustrations of key characters in Coccinellini: a. prosternal process without carinae; b. prosternal process with carinae; c. tibia without apical spur; d. tibia with a pair of apical spurs; e–p. abdominal postcoxal line: e, f, k, m, p. incomplete with an associated line; g–j, n, o. incomplete without associated line; l. complete; q–v. tarsal claw types: q, s. simple; r, t. bifid / double; u, v. appendiculate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261540" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261540/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 11b</figureCitation>
) or without carinae (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF1144A4625B91F3771FB65FEB9" box="[1111,1192,269,291]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[233,1353,194,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-15@23.[225,1361,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. Representative illustrations of key characters in Coccinellini: a. prosternal process without carinae; b. prosternal process with carinae; c. tibia without apical spur; d. tibia with a pair of apical spurs; e–p. abdominal postcoxal line: e, f, k, m, p. incomplete with an associated line; g–j, n, o. incomplete without associated line; l. complete; q–v. tarsal claw types: q, s. simple; r, t. bifid / double; u, v. appendiculate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261540" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261540/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 11a</figureCitation>
). Mesoventrite anteriorly distinctly but shallowly emarginate. Mid- and hind tibiae lacking apical spurs (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF1144A4625BE9E3756FBEAFEA4" box="[982,1063,298,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[233,1353,194,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-15@23.[225,1361,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. Representative illustrations of key characters in Coccinellini: a. prosternal process without carinae; b. prosternal process with carinae; c. tibia without apical spur; d. tibia with a pair of apical spurs; e–p. abdominal postcoxal line: e, f, k, m, p. incomplete with an associated line; g–j, n, o. incomplete without associated line; l. complete; q–v. tarsal claw types: q, s. simple; r, t. bifid / double; u, v. appendiculate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261540" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261540/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 11c</figureCitation>
). Widely distributed............ 10
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="309AE8D1144A4625BDDF3734FA51FE2E" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<paragraph id="8BD1F074144A4625BDDF3734FA50FEE1" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1963]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<keyLead id="309F5341144A4625BDDF3734FA50FEE1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
10. Form circular. Prosternal intercoxal process without carinae. Spermatheca vermiform without well differentiated cornu, nodulus and ramus..................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7144A4625B8023719FA50FEE1" box="[1354,1437,357,378]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Anegleis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66144A4625B8023719FA50FEE1" box="[1354,1437,357,378]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Anegleis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F074144A4625BDDF37FFFA51FE2E" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1963]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<keyLead id="309F5341144A4625BDDF37FFFA51FE2E" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66144A4625BDDF37FFFF52FE03" box="[151,159,387,408]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">-</emphasis>
Form broad or elongate oval to almost circular. Prosternal intercoxal process with a pair of carinae. Spermatheca not vermiform, with regular c-shaped cornu but ramus and nodulus often not well demarcated.............................. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7144A4625B87437DCFA51FE2E" ID-CoL="9G3FL" box="[1340,1436,416,437]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Micraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66144A4625B87437DCFA51FE2E" box="[1340,1436,416,437]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Micraspis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="309AE8D1144A4625BDDF37C1FA51FDFE" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<paragraph id="8BD1F074144A4625BDDF37C1FA51FD97" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1963]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<keyLead id="309F5341144A4625BDDF37C1FA51FD97" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
11. Antenna short, scape greatly enlarged and club spindle shaped, distinctly shorter than width of head capsule (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF1144A4625B87337C1FA5CFE49" box="[1339,1425,445,467]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[205,1377,188,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-20@22.[200,1388,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 10. Representative illustrations of diagnostic characters: a–i. antenna: a. Adalia; b. Coelophora; c. Harmonia; d. Propylea; e. Cheilomenes; f. Hippodamia; g. Bulaea; h. Coccinella; i. Illeis; j–o. maxilla: j. Coccinella; k. Oenopia; l. Bulaea; m. Illeis; n. Adalia; o. Cheilomenes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261538" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261538/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 10e</figureCitation>
). Abdominal postcoxal lines incomplete with an associated oblique line. Male genitalia with penis apex thread-like and very long. Female genitalia with a very long, intricately coiled sperm duct................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7144A4625B868378BFA51FD97" ID-CoL="3MHC" box="[1312,1436,503,524]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Cheilomenes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66144A4625B868378BFA51FD97" box="[1312,1436,503,524]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Cheilomenes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F074144A4625BDDF3469FA51FDFE" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1963]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<keyLead id="309F5341144A4625BDDF3469FA51FDFE" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
- Antenna distinctly longer than width of head capsule, scape not unusually enlarged (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF1144A4625B9443469FB44FDB0" box="[1036,1161,533,555]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[205,1377,188,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-20@22.[200,1388,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 10. Representative illustrations of diagnostic characters: a–i. antenna: a. Adalia; b. Coelophora; c. Harmonia; d. Propylea; e. Cheilomenes; f. Hippodamia; g. Bulaea; h. Coccinella; i. Illeis; j–o. maxilla: j. Coccinella; k. Oenopia; l. Bulaea; m. Illeis; n. Adalia; o. Cheilomenes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261538" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261538/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 10b, d, i</figureCitation>
). Abdominal postcoxal lines complete or incomplete with or without an associated line. Male genitalia with penis apex not thread-like, modified otherwise. Female genitalia with sperm duct not unusually long or coiled................................................. 12
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="309AE8D1144A4625BDDF3411FA51FD26" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<paragraph id="8BD1F074144A4625BDDF3411FA51FD19" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1963]" box="[151,1436,621,643]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<keyLead id="309F5341144A4625BDDF3411FA51FD19" box="[151,1436,621,643]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
12. Medium to large adults (
<quantity id="4C965D91144A4625BC863411FDE1FD19" box="[462,556,621,643]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="11.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="7.0">7–15 mm</quantity>
) with explanate elytral margins. Elytral base distinctly much broader than pronotum... 13
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F074144A4625BDDF34F7FA51FD26" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1963]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<keyLead id="309F5341144A4625BDDF34F7FA51FD26" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
- Medium to small adults (usually &lt;
<quantity id="4C965D91144A4625BF7A34F7FDA3FD04" box="[562,622,650,672]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
), with or without explanate elytral margins. Elytral base not unusually broader than pronotum........................................................................................... 18
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="309AE8D1144A4625BDDF34B9FA51FCA8" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<paragraph id="8BD1F074144A4625BDDF34B9FA51FD6C" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1963]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<keyLead id="309F5341144A4625BDDF34B9FA51FD6C" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">13. Anterior clypeal margin semicircularly emarginate between lateral projections. Abdominal postcoxal line incomplete with an associated line....................................................................................... 14</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F074144A4625BDDF357CFA51FCA8" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1963]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<keyLead id="309F5341144A4625BDDF357CFA51FCA8" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">- Anterior clypeal margin straight between lateral projections. Abdominal postcoxal line incomplete without an associated line. .................................................................................................. 16</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="309AE8D1144A4625BDDF3546FA51FC33" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<paragraph id="8BD1F074144A4625BDDF3546FA50FCF6" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1963]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<keyLead id="309F5341144A4625BDDF3546FA50FCF6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
14. Medium sized adults (6.5–8.0 mm long), elytra with a prominent marginal bead. Head and pronotum fully or partially orange-yellow to reddish, elytra fully black (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF1144A4625BF0E352BFD46FCF6" box="[582,651,855,877]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1307,1331]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1284]" captionTargetId="figure-20@8.[151,1436,181,1284]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map of the geographic spread of the Indian Subcontinent." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261512" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261512/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Fig. 
<quantity id="4C965D91144A4625BF3A3524FD46FCF6" box="[626,651,856,877]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="g" value="1.0">1g</quantity>
</figureCitation>
). Spermatheca with a well-developed ramus but much reduced nodulus. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7144A4625B81E3524FA50FCF6" authorityName="Pope. Morphologically" authorityYear="1989" box="[1366,1437,856,877]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Synona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66144A4625B81E3524FA50FCF6" box="[1366,1437,856,877]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Synona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F074144A4625BDDF3509FA51FC33" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1963]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<keyLead id="309F5341144A4625BDDF3509FA51FC33" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
- Large adults (9.0 mm– 
<quantity id="4C965D91144A4625BC823509FDC0FC11" box="[458,525,885,907]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
long), elytra without a marginal bead. Coloration variable. Spermatheca with ramus much reduced, nodulus elongate tubular and snout-like........................................................... 15
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="309AE8D1144A4625BDDF35D3FA50FBA1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<paragraph id="8BD1F074144A4625BDDF35D3FA50FC79" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1963]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<keyLead id="309F5341144A4625BDDF35D3FA50FC79" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
15. Pronotum with steep and almost straight lateral sides, antero- and posterolateral corners acutely angulate. Spermatheca with a tubular and straight nodulus. Distributed in northwestern and eastern Himalayas, 
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E4144A4625BEA635B1FB8EFC78" box="[1006,1091,973,995]" name="Pakistan" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
; rarely collected...... 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7144A4625B86235B1FA50FC79" authorityName="Crotch. In" authorityYear="1871" box="[1322,1437,973,994]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Palaeoneda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66144A4625B86235B1FA50FC79" box="[1322,1437,973,994]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Palaeoneda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F074144A4625BDDF3597FA50FBA1" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1963]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<keyLead id="309F5341144A4625BDDF3597FA50FBA1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
- Pronotum with strongly rounded sides, posterolateral corners rounded. Spermatheca with a tubular but distinctly curved nodulus. Distributed in northwestern and northeastern 
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E4144A4625BFA5327BFCECFB86" box="[749,801,1031,1053]" name="India" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">India</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E4144A4625BE62327BFCB3FB86" box="[810,894,1031,1053]" name="Pakistan" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E4144A4625BEC0327BFC0CFB86" box="[904,961,1031,1053]" name="Nepal" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Nepal</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E4144A4625BEB8327BFBF5FB86" box="[1008,1080,1031,1053]" name="Bhutan" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
; more commonly collected................................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7144A4625B87E3259FA50FBA1" box="[1334,1437,1061,1082]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Aiolocaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66144A4625B87E3259FA50FBA1" box="[1334,1437,1061,1082]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Aiolocaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="309AE8D1144A4625BDDF323EFA51FB56" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<paragraph id="8BD1F074144A4625BDDF323EFA50FB09" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1963]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<keyLead id="309F5341144A4625BDDF323EFA50FB09" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
16. Form broad around middle of elytra and distinctly narrower towards both ends. Ground colour bright carmine red with black maculae on pronotum and elytra. Sides of pronotum steep but gradually narrowed towards anterior, widest at posterior margin, posterolateral corners broadly rounded. Distribution restricted to northwestern and eastern Himalayas........... 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7144A4625B8723201FA50FB09" box="[1338,1437,1149,1170]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Callicaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66144A4625B8723201FA50FB09" box="[1338,1437,1149,1170]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Callicaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F074144A4625BDDF32E7FA51FB56" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1963]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<keyLead id="309F5341144A4625BDDF32E7FA51FB56" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66144A4625BDDF32E7FF52FB2B" box="[151,159,1179,1200]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">-</emphasis>
Form broad oval to almost circular. Ground colour reddish or orange-yellow with black maculae. Sides and anterolateral corners of pronotum rounded. Distributed more widely, commonly associated with bamboo aphids.................... 17
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="309AE8D1144A4625BDDF32A9FA51FA9C" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<paragraph id="8BD1F074144A4625BDDF32A9FA51FB71" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1963]" box="[151,1436,1237,1259]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<keyLead id="309F5341144A4625BDDF32A9FA51FB71" box="[151,1436,1237,1259]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
17. Tarsal claws stout, double and apically split (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF1144A4625BFDA32A9FD10FB71" box="[658,733,1237,1259]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[233,1353,194,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-15@23.[225,1361,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. Representative illustrations of key characters in Coccinellini: a. prosternal process without carinae; b. prosternal process with carinae; c. tibia without apical spur; d. tibia with a pair of apical spurs; e–p. abdominal postcoxal line: e, f, k, m, p. incomplete with an associated line; g–j, n, o. incomplete without associated line; l. complete; q–v. tarsal claw types: q, s. simple; r, t. bifid / double; u, v. appendiculate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261540" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261540/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Fig. 
<quantity id="4C965D91144A4625BFF732A9FD10FB71" box="[703,733,1237,1258]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="t" value="11.0">11t</quantity>
</figureCitation>
)................................................ 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7144A4625B87C32A9FA51FB71" ID-CoL="7RCH" box="[1332,1436,1237,1258]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Synonycha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66144A4625B87C32A9FA51FB71" box="[1332,1436,1237,1258]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Synonycha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F074144A4625BDDF328FFA51FA9C" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1963]" box="[151,1436,1266,1288]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<keyLead id="309F5341144A4625BDDF328FFA51FA9C" box="[151,1436,1266,1288]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
- Tarsal claws appendiculate (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF1144A4625BCB9328EFD97FA9C" box="[497,602,1266,1288]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[233,1353,194,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-15@23.[225,1361,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. Representative illustrations of key characters in Coccinellini: a. prosternal process without carinae; b. prosternal process with carinae; c. tibia without apical spur; d. tibia with a pair of apical spurs; e–p. abdominal postcoxal line: e, f, k, m, p. incomplete with an associated line; g–j, n, o. incomplete without associated line; l. complete; q–v. tarsal claw types: q, s. simple; r, t. bifid / double; u, v. appendiculate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261540" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261540/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 11u, v</figureCitation>
).......................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7144A4625B868328EFA51FA9C" ID-CoL="5MRR" box="[1312,1436,1266,1287]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Megalocaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66144A4625B868328EFA51FA9C" box="[1312,1436,1266,1287]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Megalocaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="309AE8D1144A4625BDDF336CFA51FAD9" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<paragraph id="8BD1F074144A4625BDDF336CFA51FABE" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1963]" box="[151,1436,1295,1317]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<keyLead id="309F5341144A4625BDDF336CFA51FABE" box="[151,1436,1295,1317]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
18. Prothoracic hypomera with distinct foveae near anterolateral corners (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF1144A4625BEC93373FC08FABE" box="[897,965,1295,1317]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[313,1275,182,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-20@20.[312,1276,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 8. Diagnostic characters in Coccinellini: a. head, dorsal aspect; b. head, ventral aspect; c. prothorax, ventral view. (Abbreviations: AN—antenna; SC—scape; PD—pedicel; EY—eye; CL—clypeus; FR—frons; LB—labrum; ST—stipes; CA—cardo; MX—maxilla; MT—mentum; HP—prothoracic hypomeron; PST—prosternum; PSC—prosternal carina; FO— hypomeral fovea)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261532" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261532/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 8c</figureCitation>
).................................... 19
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F074144A4625BDDF3351FA51FAD9" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1963]" box="[151,1436,1325,1347]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<keyLead id="309F5341144A4625BDDF3351FA51FAD9" box="[151,1436,1325,1347]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">- Prothoracic hypomera without foveae near anterolateral corners............................................... 23</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="309AE8D1144A4625BDDF3336FA51FA01" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<paragraph id="8BD1F074144A4625BDDF3336FA51FAE6" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1963]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<keyLead id="309F5341144A4625BDDF3336FA51FAE6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">19. Male genitalia with penis consisting of more than one sclerite, one basal and a smaller apical piece, distinctly separated by membranes......................................................................................... 20</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F074144A4625BDDF33F9FA51FA01" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1963]" box="[151,1436,1413,1435]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<keyLead id="309F5341144A4625BDDF33F9FA51FA01" box="[151,1436,1413,1435]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">- Male genitalia with penis not having more than one sclerite, with a distinct capsule and a modified apex............... 21</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="309AE8D1144A4625BDDF33DEFA50F9FC" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<paragraph id="8BD1F074144A4625BDDF33DEFA50F994" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1963]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<keyLead id="309F5341144A4625BDDF33DEFA50F994" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
20. Form broadly rounded. Ground colour bright lemon yellow to creamy yellow, pronotum with a pair of black spots, elytra with 10 large, black maculae. Anterolateral corners of pronotum sinuate / weakly emarginate before apex. Male genitalia with penis guide distinctly shorter than parameres. Distribution restricted to Himalayas and North-eastern 
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E4144A4625B93C33A1FB65FA68" box="[1140,1192,1501,1523]" name="India" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">India</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E4144A4625B9FA33A1FB26FA68" box="[1202,1259,1501,1523]" name="Nepal" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Nepal</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E4144A4625B85233A1FA92FA68" box="[1306,1375,1501,1523]" name="Bhutan" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
.................................................................................................. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7144A4625B80E3386FA50F994" box="[1350,1437,1530,1551]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Alloneda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66144A4625B80E3386FA50F994" box="[1350,1437,1530,1551]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Alloneda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F074144A4625BDDF3064FA50F9FC" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1963]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<keyLead id="309F5341144A4625BDDF3064FA50F9FC" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
- Form broad oval to almost circular. Color pattern variable, not as above. Anterolateral corners of pronotum normally rounded, rarely sinuate before apex. Male genitalia with penis guide usually elongate and as long as parameres. Widely distributed............................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7144A4625B862302EFA50F9FC" ID-CoL="3RWG" box="[1322,1437,1618,1639]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Coelophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66144A4625B862302EFA50F9FC" box="[1322,1437,1618,1639]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Coelophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="309AE8D1144A4625BDDF300CFA51F946" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<paragraph id="8BD1F074144A4625BDDF300CFA51F939" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1963]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<keyLead id="309F5341144A4625BDDF300CFA51F939" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
21. Form broad to elongate oval. Female genitalia with spermatheca having distinct but short nodulus and ramus, infundibulum distinctly sclerotized. Distribution restricted to NE 
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E4144A4625BF8530F1FCCCF938" box="[717,769,1677,1699]" name="India" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">India</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E4144A4625BE4230F1FC8BF938" box="[778,838,1677,1699]" name="Nepal" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Nepal</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E4144A4625BE1830F1FC58F938" box="[848,917,1677,1699]" name="Bhutan" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
.................................. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7144A4625B87830F1FA51F939" box="[1328,1436,1677,1698]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Microcaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66144A4625B87830F1FA51F939" box="[1328,1436,1677,1698]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Microcaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F074144A4625BDDF30D7FA51F946" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1963]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<keyLead id="309F5341144A4625BDDF30D7FA51F946" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66144A4625BDDF30D7FF52F95B" box="[151,159,1707,1728]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">-</emphasis>
Form elongate oval to almost circular. Female genitalia with spermatheca not having well differentiated nodulus and ramus, infundibulum less prominent. Widely distributed........................................................... 22
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="309AE8D1144A4625BDDF3099FA51F831" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<paragraph id="8BD1F074144A4625BDDF3099FA51F8C9" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1963]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<keyLead id="309F5341144A4625BDDF3099FA51F8C9" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
22. Form broadly rounded, dorsum strongly convex. Eyes large, narrowly separated with strongly divergent inner margins, interocular distance about one-third as wide as head including eyes, ocular canthus narrow and deep. Mesoventrite usually with a short longitudinal median carina not reaching beyond middle. Middle and hind tibiae without apical spurs (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF1144A4625B9BB3163FA89F8AE" box="[1267,1348,1823,1845]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[233,1353,194,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-15@23.[225,1361,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. Representative illustrations of key characters in Coccinellini: a. prosternal process without carinae; b. prosternal process with carinae; c. tibia without apical spur; d. tibia with a pair of apical spurs; e–p. abdominal postcoxal line: e, f, k, m, p. incomplete with an associated line; g–j, n, o. incomplete without associated line; l. complete; q–v. tarsal claw types: q, s. simple; r, t. bifid / double; u, v. appendiculate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261540" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261540/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 11c</figureCitation>
). Female genitalia with coxites having distinct styli (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF1144A4625BFC83141FD1DF8C9" box="[640,720,1853,1875]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[231,1361,192,1879]" captionTargetId="figure-20@24.[218,1369,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 12. Genitalia in Coccinellini: a. female genitalia; b. spermatheca; c–e. male genitalia: c. tegmen, lateral view; d. tegmen, ventral view; e. penis. (Abbreviations: bp—basal piece; bs—bursa; cx—coxite; cg—colleterial gland; co—cornu; inf—infundibulum; no—nodulus; rm—ramus; pa—penis apex; pc—penis capsule; pg—penis guide; pm—paramere; sp— spermatheca; sd—sperm duct; sg—spermathecal gland; ts—tegminal strut / trabes)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261542/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 12a</figureCitation>
)................................................. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7144A4625B86B3141FA51F8C9" box="[1315,1436,1853,1874]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Phrynocaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66144A4625B86B3141FA51F8C9" box="[1315,1436,1853,1874]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Phrynocaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F074144A4625BDDF3127FA51F831" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1963]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<keyLead id="309F5341144A4625BDDF3127FA51F831" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
- Form distinctly more elongate oval, dorsum only moderately convex. Eyes smaller, more broadly separated with inner margins subparallel, ocular canthus moderately deep. Mesoventrite without a median carina. Middle and hind tibiae with a pair of apical spurs (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF1144A4625BC6A31E9FEB9F830" box="[290,372,1941,1963]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[233,1353,194,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-15@23.[225,1361,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. Representative illustrations of key characters in Coccinellini: a. prosternal process without carinae; b. prosternal process with carinae; c. tibia without apical spur; d. tibia with a pair of apical spurs; e–p. abdominal postcoxal line: e, f, k, m, p. incomplete with an associated line; g–j, n, o. incomplete without associated line; l. complete; q–v. tarsal claw types: q, s. simple; r, t. bifid / double; u, v. appendiculate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261540" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261540/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 11d</figureCitation>
). Female genitalia with coxites having reduced and barely visible styli......................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7144A4625B80D31E9FA51F831" box="[1349,1436,1941,1962]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Propylea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66144A4625B80D31E9FA51F831" box="[1349,1436,1941,1962]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Propylea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<caption id="DF11A0FC144B4624BDDF31EBFE5CF86C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261528" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8261528" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261528/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" startId="19.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[162,1427,187,1913]" targetPageId="19" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD1F074144B4624BDDF31EBFE5CF86C" blockId="19.[151,1437,1943,2039]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66144B4624BDDF31EBFEDFF82B" bold="true" box="[151,274,1943,1968]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
Schematic illustration of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7144B4624BF5C31EBFDB9F834" box="[532,628,1943,1967]" genus="The" pageId="19" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="major">the major</taxonomicName>
diagnostic characters of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7144B4624BE2631EBFC34F834" ID-CoL="8DB" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1807" box="[878,1017,1943,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Coccinellidae</taxonomicName>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7144B4624B94331EBFB46F834" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1807" box="[1035,1163,1943,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Coccinellini">Coccinellini</taxonomicName>
: A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view (Abbreviations: Em2—mesepimeron; Em3—metepimeron; Es2—mesanepisternum; Es3—metanepisternum; V1–V6: abdominal ventrite 1–6).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF11A0FC144C4623BDDF3109FE9FF862" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261532" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8261532" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261532/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" startId="20.[151,250,1909,1933]" targetBox="[313,1275,182,1884]" targetPageId="20" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD1F074144C4623BDDF3109FE9FF862" blockId="20.[151,1437,1909,2041]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66144C4623BDDF3109FED8F816" bold="true" box="[151,277,1909,1933]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
Diagnostic characters in 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7144C4623BF563109FD53F816" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1807" box="[542,670,1909,1933]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Coccinellini">Coccinellini</taxonomicName>
: a. head, dorsal aspect; b. head, ventral aspect; c. prothorax, ventral view. (Abbreviations: AN—antenna; SC—scape; PD—pedicel; EY—eye; CL—clypeus; FR—frons; LB—labrum; ST—stipes; CA—cardo; MX—maxilla; MT—mentum; HP—prothoracic hypomeron; PST—prosternum; PSC—prosternal carina; FO— hypomeral fovea).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF11A0FC144D4622BDDF31FAFD2BF859" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261534" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8261534" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261534/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" startId="21.[151,250,1926,1950]" targetBox="[153,1433,185,1889]" targetPageId="21" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD1F074144D4622BDDF31FAFD2BF859" blockId="21.[151,1437,1926,1986]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66144D4622BDDF31FAFEDEF805" bold="true" box="[151,275,1926,1950]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
Key characters in various 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7144D4622BF6B31FAFD6EF805" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1807" box="[547,675,1926,1950]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Coccinellini">Coccinellini</taxonomicName>
: a–f. Head: a. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7144D4622BE7C31FAFCB1F805" box="[820,892,1926,1950]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Bulaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66144D4622BE7C31FAFCB1F805" box="[820,892,1926,1950]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Bulaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; b. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7144D4622BEEB31FAFC37F805" box="[931,1018,1926,1950]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Anegleis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66144D4622BEEB31FAFC37F805" box="[931,1018,1926,1950]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Anegleis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; c. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7144D4622B96831FAFB54F805" ID-CoL="3RWG" box="[1056,1177,1926,1950]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Coelophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66144D4622B96831FAFB54F805" box="[1056,1177,1926,1950]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Coelophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; d. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7144D4622B98831FBFAE5F805" ID-CoL="4TR2" box="[1216,1320,1927,1950]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Harmonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66144D4622B98831FBFAE5F805" box="[1216,1320,1927,1950]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Harmonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; e. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7144D4622B80531FAFA4DF805" box="[1357,1408,1926,1950]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Illeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66144D4622B80531FAFA4DF805" box="[1357,1408,1926,1950]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Illeis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; f. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7144D4622BDDF31D6FF2BF859" box="[151,230,1962,1986]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Halyzia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66144D4622BDDF31D6FF2BF859" box="[151,230,1962,1986]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Halyzia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; g–i. mandibles: g. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7144D4622BCE731D6FE2FF859" box="[431,482,1962,1986]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Illeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66144D4622BCE731D6FE2FF859" box="[431,482,1962,1986]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Illeis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; h. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7144D4622BF4131D6FDBAF859" ID-CoL="9G22G" box="[521,631,1962,1986]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Coccinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66144D4622BF4131D6FDBAF859" box="[521,631,1962,1986]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Coccinella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; i. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7144D4622BFDF31D6FD2FF859" box="[663,738,1962,1986]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Bulaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bulaea</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF11A0FC144E4621BDDF31EBFDC8F863" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261538" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8261538" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261538/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" startId="22.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[205,1377,188,1913]" targetPageId="22" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD1F074144E4621BDDF31EBFDC8F863" blockId="22.[151,1437,1943,2040]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66144E4621BDDF31EBFEEEF834" bold="true" box="[151,291,1943,1967]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
Representative illustrations of diagnostic characters: a–i. antenna: a. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7144E4621BEB431E4FB8DF82B" ID-CoL="NY2" box="[1020,1088,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Adalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66144E4621BEB431E4FB8DF82B" box="[1020,1088,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Adalia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; b. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7144E4621B92431E4FB28F82B" ID-CoL="3RWG" box="[1132,1253,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Coelophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66144E4621B92431E4FB28F82B" box="[1132,1253,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Coelophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; c. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7144E4621B85931E4FAB4F834" ID-CoL="4TR2" box="[1297,1401,1944,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Harmonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66144E4621B85931E4FAB4F834" box="[1297,1401,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Harmonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; d. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7144E4621BDDF31C0FF3EF84F" box="[151,243,1980,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Propylea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66144E4621BDDF31C0FF3EF84F" box="[151,243,1980,2004]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Propylea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; e. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7144E4621BC5131C0FE51F84F" ID-CoL="3MHC" box="[281,412,1980,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Cheilomenes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66144E4621BC5131C0FE51F84F" box="[281,412,1980,2004]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Cheilomenes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; f. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7144E4621BCF731C0FDF3F84F" ID-CoL="62V6X" box="[447,574,1980,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Hippodamia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66144E4621BCF731C0FDF3F84F" box="[447,574,1980,2004]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Hippodamia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; g. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7144E4621BF2D31C0FD60F84F" box="[613,685,1980,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Bulaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66144E4621BF2D31C0FD60F84F" box="[613,685,1980,2004]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Bulaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; h. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7144E4621BF9C31C0FC8FF84F" ID-CoL="9G22G" box="[724,834,1980,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Coccinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66144E4621BF9C31C0FC8FF84F" box="[724,834,1980,2004]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Coccinella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; i. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7144E4621BE2C31C0FC5AF84F" box="[868,919,1980,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Illeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66144E4621BE2C31C0FC5AF84F" box="[868,919,1980,2004]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Illeis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; j–o. maxilla: j. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7144E4621B97731C0FB60F84F" ID-CoL="9G22G" box="[1087,1197,1980,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Coccinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66144E4621B97731C0FB60F84F" box="[1087,1197,1980,2004]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Coccinella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; k. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7144E4621B99C31C0FAE6F848" box="[1236,1323,1980,2003]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Oenopia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66144E4621B99C31C0FAE6F848" box="[1236,1323,1980,2003]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Oenopia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; l. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7144E4621B80531C0FA58F84F" box="[1357,1429,1980,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Bulaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66144E4621B80531C0FA58F84F" box="[1357,1429,1980,2004]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Bulaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; m. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7144E4621BDF0319CFF26F863" box="[184,235,2016,2040]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Illeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66144E4621BDF0319CFF26F863" box="[184,235,2016,2040]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Illeis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; n. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7144E4621BC59319CFE98F863" ID-CoL="NY2" box="[273,341,2016,2040]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Adalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66144E4621BC59319CFE98F863" box="[273,341,2016,2040]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Adalia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; o. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7144E4621BC33319CFDCCF863" ID-CoL="3MHC" box="[379,513,2016,2040]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Cheilomenes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cheilomenes</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF11A0FC144F4620BDDF3109FDD7F862" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261540" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8261540" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261540/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" startId="23.[151,250,1909,1933]" targetBox="[233,1353,194,1882]" targetPageId="23" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD1F074144F4620BDDF3109FDD7F862" blockId="23.[151,1436,1909,2042]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66144F4620BDDF3109FED2F816" bold="true" box="[151,287,1909,1933]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
Representative illustrations of key characters in 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7144F4620BE593109FC5CF816" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1807" box="[785,913,1909,1933]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Coccinellini">Coccinellini</taxonomicName>
: a. prosternal process without carinae; b. prosternal process with carinae; c. tibia without apical spur; d. tibia with a pair of apical spurs; e–p. abdominal postcoxal line: e, f, k, m, p. incomplete with an associated line; g–j, n, o. incomplete without associated line; l. complete; q– 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7144F4620B91231C2FB6AF84E" box="[1114,1191,1981,2005]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="variety" variety="tarsal">v. tarsal</taxonomicName>
claw types: q, s. simple; r, t. bifid / double; u, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7144F4620BC26319EFDDBF862" box="[366,534,2017,2041]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="variety" variety="appendiculate">v. appendiculate</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF11A0FC1440462FBDDF3109FC25F862" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261542" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8261542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261542/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" startId="24.[151,250,1909,1933]" targetBox="[231,1361,192,1879]" targetPageId="24" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD1F0741440462FBDDF3109FC25F862" blockId="24.[151,1437,1909,2041]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B91A2C661440462FBDDF3109FEEEF816" bold="true" box="[151,291,1909,1933]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
Genitalia in 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71440462FBCE73109FDE2F816" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1807" box="[431,559,1909,1933]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Coccinellini">Coccinellini</taxonomicName>
: a. female genitalia; b. spermatheca; c–e. male genitalia: c. tegmen, lateral view; d. tegmen, ventral view; e. penis. (Abbreviations: bp—basal piece; bs—bursa; cx—coxite; cg—colleterial gland; co—cornu; inf—infundibulum; no—nodulus; rm—ramus; pa—penis apex; pc—penis capsule; pg—penis guide; pm—paramere; sp— spermatheca; sd—sperm duct; sg—spermathecal gland; ts—tegminal strut / trabes).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<keyStep id="309AE8D11441462EBDDF36E4FA51FEB9" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<paragraph id="8BD1F0741441462EBDDF36E4FA50FF73" blockId="25.[151,1437,151,818]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<keyLead id="309F53411441462EBDDF36E4FA50FF73" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
23. Tibial spurs absent. Abdominal postcoxal line incomplete laterally, usually with an oblique, curved associated line connected at its end (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF11441462EBC6636C9FEB0FF50" box="[302,381,181,203]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[233,1353,194,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-15@23.[225,1361,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. Representative illustrations of key characters in Coccinellini: a. prosternal process without carinae; b. prosternal process with carinae; c. tibia without apical spur; d. tibia with a pair of apical spurs; e–p. abdominal postcoxal line: e, f, k, m, p. incomplete with an associated line; g–j, n, o. incomplete without associated line; l. complete; q–v. tarsal claw types: q, s. simple; r, t. bifid / double; u, v. appendiculate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261540" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261540/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 11f</figureCitation>
); antenna short with a compact, broad club, terminal antennomere expanded, strongly transverse (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF11441462EB86136C9FAB7FF51" box="[1321,1402,181,203]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[205,1377,188,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-20@22.[200,1388,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 10. Representative illustrations of diagnostic characters: a–i. antenna: a. Adalia; b. Coelophora; c. Harmonia; d. Propylea; e. Cheilomenes; f. Hippodamia; g. Bulaea; h. Coccinella; i. Illeis; j–o. maxilla: j. Coccinella; k. Oenopia; l. Bulaea; m. Illeis; n. Adalia; o. Cheilomenes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261538" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261538/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 10c</figureCitation>
).............................................................................................. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71441462EB87236AFFA50FF73" ID-CoL="4TR2" box="[1338,1437,211,232]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Harmonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C661441462EB87236AFFA50FF73" box="[1338,1437,211,232]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Harmonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F0741441462EBDDF368CFA51FEB9" blockId="25.[151,1437,151,818]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<keyLead id="309F53411441462EBDDF368CFA51FEB9" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
- Tibial spurs present. Abdominal postcoxal line incomplete with an associated line distinctly separated from basal line (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF11441462EB8103693FEC3FEB9" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[233,1353,194,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-15@23.[225,1361,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. Representative illustrations of key characters in Coccinellini: a. prosternal process without carinae; b. prosternal process with carinae; c. tibia without apical spur; d. tibia with a pair of apical spurs; e–p. abdominal postcoxal line: e, f, k, m, p. incomplete with an associated line; g–j, n, o. incomplete without associated line; l. complete; q–v. tarsal claw types: q, s. simple; r, t. bifid / double; u, v. appendiculate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261540" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261540/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
Fig. 
<quantity id="4C965D911441462EB8CD368CFF3AFEB9" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="11.0">11 m</quantity>
, p
</figureCitation>
) or incomplete without associated line (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF11441462EBFC63771FCEEFEB9" box="[654,803,269,291]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[233,1353,194,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-15@23.[225,1361,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. Representative illustrations of key characters in Coccinellini: a. prosternal process without carinae; b. prosternal process with carinae; c. tibia without apical spur; d. tibia with a pair of apical spurs; e–p. abdominal postcoxal line: e, f, k, m, p. incomplete with an associated line; g–j, n, o. incomplete without associated line; l. complete; q–v. tarsal claw types: q, s. simple; r, t. bifid / double; u, v. appendiculate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261540" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261540/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
Fig. 
<quantity id="4C965D911441462EBFF33771FD10FEB8" box="[699,733,269,291]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="g" value="11.0">11g</quantity>
–j, n, o
</figureCitation>
). Antenna variable................................... 24
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="309AE8D11441462EBDDF3756FA51FEC6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<paragraph id="8BD1F0741441462EBDDF3756FA51FEDB" blockId="25.[151,1437,151,818]" box="[151,1436,298,320]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<keyLead id="309F53411441462EBDDF3756FA51FEDB" box="[151,1436,298,320]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
24. Abdominal postcoxal line incomplete with an oblique associated line distinctly separated from basal line (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF11441462EB9943756FA86FEA4" box="[1244,1355,298,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[233,1353,194,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-15@23.[225,1361,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. Representative illustrations of key characters in Coccinellini: a. prosternal process without carinae; b. prosternal process with carinae; c. tibia without apical spur; d. tibia with a pair of apical spurs; e–p. abdominal postcoxal line: e, f, k, m, p. incomplete with an associated line; g–j, n, o. incomplete without associated line; l. complete; q–v. tarsal claw types: q, s. simple; r, t. bifid / double; u, v. appendiculate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261540" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261540/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
Fig. 
<quantity id="4C965D911441462EB8403756FAF9FEA4" box="[1288,1332,298,319]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="11.0">11m</quantity>
, p
</figureCitation>
).... 25
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F0741441462EBDDF3734FA51FEC6" blockId="25.[151,1437,151,818]" box="[151,1436,327,349]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<keyLead id="309F53411441462EBDDF3734FA51FEC6" box="[151,1436,327,349]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
- Abdominal postcoxal line incomplete without an associated line, occasionally very short (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF11441462EB909373BFB67FEC6" box="[1089,1194,327,349]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[233,1353,194,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-15@23.[225,1361,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. Representative illustrations of key characters in Coccinellini: a. prosternal process without carinae; b. prosternal process with carinae; c. tibia without apical spur; d. tibia with a pair of apical spurs; e–p. abdominal postcoxal line: e, f, k, m, p. incomplete with an associated line; g–j, n, o. incomplete without associated line; l. complete; q–v. tarsal claw types: q, s. simple; r, t. bifid / double; u, v. appendiculate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261540" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261540/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
Fig. 
<quantity id="4C965D911441462EB9263734FB5FFEC6" box="[1134,1170,328,349]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="g" value="11.0">11g</quantity>
, n
</figureCitation>
)................. 26
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="309AE8D11441462EBDDF3719FA50FDB1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<paragraph id="8BD1F0741441462EBDDF3719FA51FE2F" blockId="25.[151,1437,151,818]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<keyLead id="309F53411441462EBDDF3719FA51FE2F" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
25. Form elongate oval. Head black, always with a pair of yellow or white frontal spots. Mesoventrite anteriorly barely emarginate. Female genitalia with spermatheca always having wart-like projections in the proximal half. Male genitalia with penis capsule usually very large............................................................................. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71441462EB87C37E3FA51FE2F" ID-CoL="9G22G" box="[1332,1436,415,436]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Coccinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C661441462EB87C37E3FA51FE2F" box="[1332,1436,415,436]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Coccinella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F0741441462EBDDF37C1FA50FDB1" blockId="25.[151,1437,151,818]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<keyLead id="309F53411441462EBDDF37C1FA50FDB1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
- Form usually broad oval to almost circular. Head yellow or black, without frontal spots. Mesoventrite distinctly but shallowly emarginate anteriorly. Female genitalia with spermatheca differentiated into a nodulus and often elongate and distally bulbous ramus, and a sclerotized infundibulum, without wart-like projections. Male genitalia with penis capsule regular, not unusually large......................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71441462EB8023469FA50FDB1" box="[1354,1437,533,554]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Oenopia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C661441462EB8023469FA50FDB1" box="[1354,1437,533,554]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Oenopia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="309AE8D11441462EBDDF344EFA51FCA9" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<paragraph id="8BD1F0741441462EBDDF344EFA51FD04" blockId="25.[151,1437,151,818]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<keyLead id="309F53411441462EBDDF344EFA51FD04" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
26. Eyes small, widely separated, interocular distance about 3x as wide as an eye (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF11441462EBE9A344EFBD5FDDC" box="[978,1048,562,584]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1926,1950]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,185,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-15@21.[151,1436,181,1902]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 9. Key characters in various Coccinellini: a–f. Head: a. Bulaea; b. Anegleis; c. Coelophora; d. Harmonia; e. Illeis; f. Halyzia; g–i. mandibles: g. Illeis; h. Coccinella; i. Bulaea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261534" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261534/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 9a</figureCitation>
). Antenna with a compact club, terminal antennomere distinctly transverse and quadrate (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF11441462EBF8E3433FCD3FDFE" box="[710,798,591,613]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[205,1377,188,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-20@22.[200,1388,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 10. Representative illustrations of diagnostic characters: a–i. antenna: a. Adalia; b. Coelophora; c. Harmonia; d. Propylea; e. Cheilomenes; f. Hippodamia; g. Bulaea; h. Coccinella; i. Illeis; j–o. maxilla: j. Coccinella; k. Oenopia; l. Bulaea; m. Illeis; n. Adalia; o. Cheilomenes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261538" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261538/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
Fig. 
<quantity id="4C965D911441462EBFBF342CFCD3FDFE" box="[759,798,592,613]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="g" value="10.0">10g</quantity>
</figureCitation>
). Terminal maxillary palpomere elongate securiform. Prosternal process without carinae. Abdominal postcoxal line apically recurved and incomplete. Tarsal claws simple (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF11441462EB9AC3411FAF9FD19" box="[1252,1332,621,643]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[233,1353,194,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-15@23.[225,1361,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. Representative illustrations of key characters in Coccinellini: a. prosternal process without carinae; b. prosternal process with carinae; c. tibia without apical spur; d. tibia with a pair of apical spurs; e–p. abdominal postcoxal line: e, f, k, m, p. incomplete with an associated line; g–j, n, o. incomplete without associated line; l. complete; q–v. tarsal claw types: q, s. simple; r, t. bifid / double; u, v. appendiculate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261540" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261540/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 11q</figureCitation>
) or almost simple, at most with a slight median projection (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF11441462EBFFA34F6FCCFFD04" box="[690,770,650,672]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[233,1353,194,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-15@23.[225,1361,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. Representative illustrations of key characters in Coccinellini: a. prosternal process without carinae; b. prosternal process with carinae; c. tibia without apical spur; d. tibia with a pair of apical spurs; e–p. abdominal postcoxal line: e, f, k, m, p. incomplete with an associated line; g–j, n, o. incomplete without associated line; l. complete; q–v. tarsal claw types: q, s. simple; r, t. bifid / double; u, v. appendiculate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261540" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261540/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 11s</figureCitation>
). Female genitalia without infundibulum................ 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71441462EB81034F6FA51FD04" box="[1368,1436,650,671]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Bulaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C661441462EB81034F6FA51FD04" box="[1368,1436,650,671]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Bulaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F0741441462EBDDF34D4FA51FCA9" blockId="25.[151,1437,151,818]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<keyLead id="309F53411441462EBDDF34D4FA51FCA9" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
- Eyes much larger, interocular distance less than thrice eye width, with inner margins usually strongly divergent at both ends. Antenna long and loosely jointed, terminal antennomere elongate oval. Terminal maxillary palpomere regular securiform. Prosternal process with carinae. Abdominal postcoxal line incomplete, parallel to posterior margin of ventrite 1, occasionally very short. Elytra often with deep, distinctly dual punctation. Tarsal claws appendiculate. Female genitalia with infundibulum............................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71441462EB8143561FA51FCA9" ID-CoL="3G35" box="[1372,1436,797,818]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Calvia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C661441462EB8143561FA51FCA9" box="[1372,1436,797,818]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Calvia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>