450 lines
60 KiB
XML
450 lines
60 KiB
XML
<document id="A47F39AA037F05CE288C5CD4D8E4A9CF" ID-CLB-Dataset="26671" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4609.3.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2f14f083-5f44-4b37-b4ae-349dce957d07" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3228020" ID-ZooBank="73CBC38B-8684-4EFC-B527-1220483394BA" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1558683356844" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Oliver, Paul M., Richards, Stephen J. & Donnellan, Stephen C." docDate="2019" docId="03C6CC20FF92FF8794DDF89F4F8DA890" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4609.3.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4609 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Litoria pterodactyla Oliver & Richards & Donnellan 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="473" masterDocId="FFFFB458FF93FF82944AFFD64D3EA93D" masterDocTitle="Two new species of treefrog (Pelodrydidae: Litoria) from southern New Guinea elucidated by DNA barcoding" masterLastPageNumber="484" masterPageNumber="469" pageNumber="470" updateTime="1698732029893" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="7320053AA8509D1E73D8B0DCF79C45DF" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="D9B5D6ED47D6D675B34954646066B4CF">
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<mods:title id="624EA7DDD9F2BDECA18DBA65BFB5968D">Two new species of treefrog (Pelodrydidae: Litoria) from southern New Guinea elucidated by DNA barcoding</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="255F6AAA06A1B9B9914581AE7FC3184C" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="4CC079EE4E5218C6A78E2C7F81A5D027">Oliver, Paul M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="607FCB14C27F0BF6160C319ED442C179">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="0C63E4962BB7A30EE0A0E71CC823853C">Richards, Stephen J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="22E5BCE6733C378F89B8D22F2C9054C5" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A520337788B1DA05F60C63F2AAB3A839">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="DC49F731630788484FE2830314C4B738">Donnellan, Stephen C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="80BB37D547E7C7B5D96E9CE1274B1C1A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="4DF740ED747A3AFF54118E061E05E050">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="1BBE41934DBD36FA61CAA90027E724FD">
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<mods:date id="103139B8B38231E4A0C2D28FEC1F598F">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="5A554070838F923A9D1112C7E8E63614">2019-05-24</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="398DC82012D01876653262E1C582166D">4609</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="E0FADEBDE61F43210622C8D940F6CFED" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="2F914C7CF00887ECAE742975B7809CFE">3</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03C6CC20FF92FF8794DDF89F4F8DA890" ID-GBIF-Taxon="157283245" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C6CC20FF92FF8794DDF89F4F8DA890" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C6CC20FF92FF8794DDF89F4F8DA890" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="473" pageId="1" pageNumber="470">
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<subSubSection id="C3752EBDFF92FF8394DDF89F4CD1AEB8" pageId="1" pageNumber="470" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD07D36FF92FF8394DDF89F4CD4AE5E" blockId="1.[151,495,1865,1960]" box="[151,490,1865,1891]" pageId="1" pageNumber="470">
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<heading id="D098CA5AFF92FF8394DDF89F4CD4AE5E" bold="true" box="[151,490,1865,1891]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="470" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B91BA124FF92FF8394DDF89F4CD4AE5E" bold="true" box="[151,490,1865,1891]" pageId="1" pageNumber="470">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6F06B5FF92FF8394DDF89F4CBBAE5E" authority="Oliver & Richards & Donnellan, 2019" authorityName="Oliver & Richards & Donnellan" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,389,1865,1891]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="470" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pterodactyla" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B91BA124FF92FF8394DDF89F4CBBAE5E" bold="true" box="[151,389,1865,1891]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="470">Litoria pterodactyla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2281C5FFF92FF8395C6F89F4CD4AE5E" box="[396,490,1865,1891]" pageId="1" pageNumber="470" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD07D36FF92FF8394DDF8BA4CD1AEB8" blockId="1.[151,495,1865,1960]" box="[151,495,1900,1925]" pageId="1" pageNumber="470">Pale-eyed parachuting treefrog</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3752EBDFF92FF8394DDF8594DC1AE95" box="[151,255,1935,1960]" pageId="1" pageNumber="470" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD07D36FF92FF8394DDF8594DC1AE95" blockId="1.[151,495,1865,1960]" box="[151,255,1935,1960]" pageId="1" pageNumber="470">
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<figureCitation id="135461B3FF92FF8394DDF8594DC1AE95" box="[151,255,1935,1960]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1872,1894]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,1199,1221]" captionTargetBox-0="[150,1436,1060,1848]" captionTargetBox-1="[150,1436,301,1178]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[150,1436,1060,1848]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[150,1436,301,1178]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Holotype of Litoria pterodactyla sp. nov. SAMA R65030 in preservative. Scale bar 10 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Images in life of three species in the Litoria graminea complex occurring along the southern side of the New Guinean Central Cordillera; a–b) Litoria pterodactyla sp. nov. holotype SAMA R65030, Muller Range, Western Province, c) Litoria pallidofemora SAMA R71201 upper Fly River region, Western Province, and d) Litoria sauroni SAMA R60727 (holotype), Darai Plateau, Gulf Province. Note differences in eye and lateral colouration. All photographs by S. Richards." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3228022/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3228024/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="470">Figs. 1–2</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3752EBDFF92FF8094DDF80E4C54A9E9" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="471" pageId="1" pageNumber="470" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BD07D36FF92FF8094DDF80E4C54A9E9" blockId="1.[151,1436,2008,2033]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,1005]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="471" pageId="1" pageNumber="470">
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<materialsCitation id="3B07776BFF92FF8094DDF80E4C54A9E9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2243358797" collectingDate="2009-09-07" collectionCode="SAMA, SJR" collectorName="Stephen Richards & Chris Dahl" country="Papua New Guinea" county="Western Province" elevation="515" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="471" latitude="-5.729" location="Muller Range" longLatPrecision="78" longitude="142.263" municipality="Gugusu Camp" pageId="1" pageNumber="470" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B91BA124FF92FF8394DDF80E4C35AECC" bold="true" box="[151,267,2008,2033]" pageId="1" pageNumber="470">
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<typeStatus id="54D4C394FF92FF8394DDF80E4C38AECC" box="[151,262,2008,2033]" pageId="1" pageNumber="470" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="ED7EE5F3FF92FF839553F80E4C54AECD" box="[281,362,2008,2032]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" name="South Australia Museum" pageId="1" pageNumber="470" type="Museum">SAMA</collectionCode>
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R65030 (Field number
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<collectionCode id="ED7EE5F3FF92FF8396DCF80E4FFDAECD" box="[662,707,2008,2032]" pageId="1" pageNumber="470">SJR</collectionCode>
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10954), adult male,
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<location id="8EB02BEDFF92FF839780F80E4951AECC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C6CC20FF92FF8794DDF89F4F8DA890:8EB02BEDFF92FF839780F80E4951AECC" box="[970,1135,2008,2033]" country="Papua New Guinea" county="Western Province" latitude="-5.729" longLatPrecision="78" longitude="142.263" municipality="Gugusu Camp" name="Muller Range" pageId="1" pageNumber="470">Muller Range</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BB4E74CFF92FF8390C8F80E4811AECD" box="[1154,1327,2008,2032]" pageId="1" pageNumber="470">Gugusu Camp</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCounty id="62B105BAFF92FF80910BF80F4DC0A98D" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="471" pageId="1" pageNumber="470">Western Province</collectingCounty>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3783DA6FF91FF809542FF4E4CDEA98D" box="[264,480,151,176]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="2" pageNumber="471">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="EE5B1BF1FF91FF8095A5FF414F72A98D" box="[495,588,151,176]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="471" precision="55" value="-5.729">5.729°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE5B1BF1FF91FF809612FF414FECA98D" box="[600,722,151,176]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="471" precision="55" value="142.263">142.263°E</geoCoordinate>
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;
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||
<elevation id="00429A05FF91FF809694FF414E5EA98D" box="[734,864,151,176]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.15" pageId="2" pageNumber="471" unit="m" value="515.0">
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<quantity id="4C97D0D3FF91FF809694FF414E1BA992" box="[734,805,151,176]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.15" pageId="2" pageNumber="471" unit="m" value="515.0">515 m</quantity>
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a.s.l.
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</elevation>
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), collected by
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<collectorName id="269A18E0FF91FF80904FFF4149F4A98D" box="[1029,1226,151,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="471">Stephen Richards</collectorName>
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and
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<collectorName id="269A18E0FF91FF8090B5FF414847A98D" box="[1279,1401,151,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="471">Chris Dahl</collectorName>
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on
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<date id="FFD15BF6FF91FF8094DDFF6B4C59A9E9" box="[151,359,188,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="471" value="2009-09-07">
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||
<collectingDate id="EF95A21EFF91FF8094DDFF6B4C59A9E9" box="[151,359,188,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="471" value="2009-09-07">7 September 2009</collectingDate>
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</date>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3752EBDFF91FF80948DFF094FC6AB25" pageId="2" pageNumber="471" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BD07D36FF91FF80948DFF094FC6AB25" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="2" pageNumber="471">
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<emphasis id="B91BA124FF91FF80948DFF094C7FA9C5" bold="true" box="[199,321,223,248]" pageId="2" pageNumber="471">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Distinguished from all other
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<taxonomicName id="4C6F06B5FF91FF8096DBFF364FE1A9CA" authorityName="Tschudi" authorityYear="1838" box="[657,735,224,247]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="471" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91BA124FF91FF8096DBFF364FE1A9CA" box="[657,735,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="471">Litoria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the following combination of characters: moderately large size (SVL of male
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<typeStatus id="54D4C394FF91FF809523FED24CF5A820" box="[361,459,260,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="471" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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<quantity id="4C97D0D3FF91FF80959BFED24F1AA821" box="[465,548,260,285]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="471" unit="mm" value="62.0">62 mm</quantity>
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); plain green dorsum; no enlarged parotoid glands; finger webbing extending to at least base of penultimate phalanx on all fingers; toe webbing extending to base of discs on all toes; iris in life predominantly pale whitish grey with light brownish outer edge and faint brown vermiculations; dorsal portion of lower eyelid unpigmented except for thin band along dorsal-most edge; white labial stripe not extending beyond posterior edge of lower jaw; lateral surfaces of torso and ventral surfaces of limbs and webbing light purplish-blue in life; and undivided, elongate nuptial pads extending approximately half length of finger I, distal half broad (approximately equal in height to minimum width of phalanx of finger I), proximal half narrow (approximately one third height of minimum width of phalanx of finger I).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3752EBDFF91FF81948DFDF24E61AE70" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="472" pageId="2" pageNumber="471" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD07D36FF91FF80948DFDF24E17AAD1" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="2" pageNumber="471">
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<emphasis id="B91BA124FF91FF80948DFDF24CD6AB00" bold="true" box="[199,488,548,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="471">
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Description of
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<typeStatus id="54D4C394FF91FF809530FDF24CDDAB00" box="[378,483,548,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="471" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Adult male with vocal slits and pale brown nuptial pads. Body moderately robust, limbs long (TL/SVL 0.55), head wide (HW/SVL 0.36) and approximately equal to width of body in dorsal aspect (
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<figureCitation id="135461B3FF91FF8094D5FDBA4DDCABB9" box="[159,226,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1872,1894]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,1060,1848]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[150,1436,1060,1848]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype of Litoria pterodactyla sp. nov. SAMA R65030 in preservative. Scale bar 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3228022/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="471">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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). Snout truncate with rounded edges in dorsal and lateral views; canthus rostralis rounded, curved; loreal region shallowly concave. Nares round, closer to tip of snout than to eye, oriented laterally, close to top of snout, barely visible in dorsal aspect. Eyes large (EYE/SVL 0.11), clearly protruding in both dorsal and lateral aspects; pupil horizontal. Upper jaw protruding beyond lower jaw. Tympanum moderately large (EAR/SVL 0.074), bordered dorsally by a fleshy supratympanic fold extending to superior edge of upper arm insertion. Choanae large, circular; vomeropalatines prominent, positioned between anterior edges of choanae; tongue fleshy and ovoid, not free posteriorly, with broad, shallow notch in posterior edge. Vocal slits long, located laterally on floor of mouth. Dorsally, skin on torso, head and limbs mostly smooth with limited shallow creasing on scapular region. Laterally, skin of torso coarsely granular. Ventrally, skin of torso and thigh more moderately granular, posterior half of throat wrinkled and granular, remaining ventral surfaces smooth. Prominent dermal ridges along posterior edge of forearms, and along shanks, ankles and extending to toe V.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF102DBEFF91FF8094DDF8864982AE5B" box="[151,1212,1872,1894]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3228022/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="471" startId="2.[151,250,1872,1894]" targetBox="[150,1436,1060,1848]" targetPageId="2">
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||
<paragraph id="8BD07D36FF91FF8094DDF8864982AE5B" blockId="2.[151,1212,1872,1894]" box="[151,1212,1872,1894]" pageId="2" pageNumber="471">
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||
<emphasis id="B91BA124FF91FF8094DDF8864C33AE58" bold="true" box="[151,269,1872,1894]" pageId="2" pageNumber="471">FIGURE 1</emphasis>
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. Holotype of
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<taxonomicName id="4C6F06B5FF91FF8095D3F8874F5AAE5B" authority="Oliver & Richards & Donnellan, 2019" authorityName="Oliver & Richards & Donnellan" authorityYear="2019" box="[409,612,1873,1894]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="471" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pterodactyla" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B91BA124FF91FF8095D3F8874F5AAE5B" box="[409,612,1873,1894]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="471">Litoria pterodactyla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B91BA124FF91FF809621F8874F85AE5B" bold="true" box="[619,699,1873,1894]" pageId="2" pageNumber="471">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2281C5FFF91FF809621F8874F85AE5B" box="[619,699,1873,1894]" pageId="2" pageNumber="471" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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SAMA R65030 in preservative. Scale bar 10 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BD07D36FF91FF81948DF85B4977A859" blockId="2.[151,1437,1933,2031]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="472" pageId="2" pageNumber="471">Fingers with relative lengths III>IV>II>I; fleshy opaque webbing between all digits; extending to base of penultimate phalanx between I and II, to disc on distal edge of II and proximal edge of IV, and to penultimate phalanx on both sides of III. Terminal discs expanded (3FD/SVL 0.052) and with distinct marginal grooves. Nuptial excrescences brown distally, tending towards unpigmented proximally, extending in a continuous patch along approximately half length of finger I, with distal half approximately equal in height to minimum width of finger I and proximal half approximately one third as high as finger I. Single unpigmented subarticular tubercle present at base of each penultimate phalanx, rounded on fingers I–III, bifid on IV; a series of additional indistinct unpigmented subarticular tubercles present on fingers III–IV; single indistinct, oval, proximal metacarpal tubercle present at base of I and smaller and very indistinct metacarpal tubercle at base of IV.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD07D36FF90FF81948DFEB9494FAB2A" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="472">Relative lengths of toes IV>V>III>II>I. All toes with extensive fleshy opaque webbing extending to base of ultimate phalanges (discs). Terminal discs expanded (4TD/SVL 0.061), with distinct marginal grooves. Unpigmented bifid subarticular tubercles at proximal edge of all discs, additional single rounded tubercles under interphalangeal joints on I and II, and numerous (7–9) rounded tubercles extending length of III–V but concentrated proximally. Small, indistinct, unpigmented metatarsal tubercle at base of I.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD07D36FF90FF81948DFDF3495DAA29" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="472">
|
||
In preservative, most dorsal and upper lateral surfaces, including torso, head, forearms, shanks, finger IV and toes IV–V bluish-green mottled with smaller regions of blue (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135461B3FF90FF819701FD914EB2AB5D" box="[843,908,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1872,1894]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,1060,1848]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[150,1436,1060,1848]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype of Litoria pterodactyla sp. nov. SAMA R65030 in preservative. Scale bar 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3228022/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="472">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
); surfaces with different colouration are thighs (predominantly blue dorsally), fingers I–II and associated webbing (unpigmented dorsally), remaining digits and webbing (extensive and dense purplish-blue maculations) and tympanic membrane (with U-shaped sparsely pigmented region). Off-white stripes along edge of lower jaw and along posterior dermal ridge of forearms and ankles. Lower lateral surfaces of torso and thigh purplish-blue. Ventral surfaces largely off-white and unpatterned, with exception of purplish-blue webbing between all digits except fingers I–II (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135461B3FF90FF81905AFD2A496CAA29" box="[1040,1106,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1872,1894]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,1060,1848]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[150,1436,1060,1848]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype of Litoria pterodactyla sp. nov. SAMA R65030 in preservative. Scale bar 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3228022/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="472">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD07D36FF90FF81948DFCC94EF0AA61" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="472">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BA124FF90FF81948DFCC94FB5AA05" bold="true" box="[199,651,799,824]" pageId="3" pageNumber="472">
|
||
Summary meristic data for
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B07776BFF90FF819657FCC94FB5AA05" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2243358801" box="[541,651,799,824]" collectionCode="SVL" pageId="3" pageNumber="472" specimenCode="EYE 6.8, TYM 4.6" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D4C394FF90FF819657FCC94FB8AA05" box="[541,646,799,824]" pageId="3" pageNumber="472" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
All measurements in mm: SVL 62.0; TL 34.0; HW 22.3; HL 20.5;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC9D54DFF90FF8194DDFC934DC4AA60" box="[151,250,836,861]" collectionCode="EYE" pageId="3" pageNumber="472">EYE 6.8</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC9D54DFF90FF81954CFC934C4FAA60" box="[262,369,836,861]" collectionCode="TYM" pageId="3" pageNumber="472">TYM 4.6</specimenCode>
|
||
; IN 5.1; EN 6.7; 3FD 3.2; 3FP 2.9; 4TD 3.3; 4TP 3.0.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD07D36FF90FF81948DFCB14909AD09" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="472">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BA124FF90FF81948DFCB14C55AABD" bold="true" box="[199,363,871,896]" pageId="3" pageNumber="472">Colour in life.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal and upper-lateral surfaces of torso and head, and upper surfaces of limbs and outer digits plain leaf green without any pattern; tympanic membrane with a distinct unpigmented U-shaped region; mid-lateral surfaces of torso tending towards sky blue; lower-lateral surfaces of torso, inner surfaces of limbs, throat, webbing and inner digits purplish-blue; belly cream. Prominent dermal ridges on the lower lip and posterior edges of forearm and hindlimb off-white. Iris predominately off-white with faint brown vermiculations that become denser towards the outer edges, giving the appearance of brownish outer rim (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135461B3FF90FF8197E5FBCA4ECFAD09" box="[943,1009,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1199,1221]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,301,1178]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[150,1436,301,1178]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Images in life of three species in the Litoria graminea complex occurring along the southern side of the New Guinean Central Cordillera; a–b) Litoria pterodactyla sp. nov. holotype SAMA R65030, Muller Range, Western Province, c) Litoria pallidofemora SAMA R71201 upper Fly River region, Western Province, and d) Litoria sauroni SAMA R60727 (holotype), Darai Plateau, Gulf Province. Note differences in eye and lateral colouration. All photographs by S. Richards." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3228024/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="472">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A–B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD07D36FF90FF81948DFBE948BDACD9" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="472">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BA124FF90FF81948DFBE94C52AD65" bold="true" box="[199,364,1087,1112]" pageId="3" pageNumber="472">Comparisons.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F06B5FF90FF819532FB964F61AD65" authority="Oliver & Richards & Donnellan, 2019" authorityName="Oliver & Richards & Donnellan" authorityYear="2019" box="[376,607,1088,1112]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="472" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pterodactyla" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BA124FF90FF819532FB964F61AD65" box="[376,607,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="472">Litoria pterodactyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BA124FF90FF819620FBE94FF6AD65" bold="true" box="[618,712,1087,1112]" pageId="3" pageNumber="472">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2281C5FFF90FF819620FBE94FF6AD65" box="[618,712,1087,1112]" pageId="3" pageNumber="472" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
differs from the five other large (adult male SVL>
|
||
<quantity id="4C97D0D3FF90FF819172FBE948AEAD65" box="[1336,1424,1087,1112]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="472" unit="mm" value="55.0">55 mm</quantity>
|
||
), predominantly green, tree frogs from the southern side of New Guinea’s Central Cordillera as follows: from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F06B5FF90FF8191CFFBB34C20AD9D" baseAuthorityName="Günther" baseAuthorityYear="1867" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="472" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infrafrenata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BA124FF90FF8191CFFBB34C20AD9D" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="472">L. infrafrenata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its smaller adult size (adult male SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4C97D0D3FF90FF81974AFB514E6FAD9D" box="[768,849,1159,1184]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="472" unit="mm" value="62.0">62 mm</quantity>
|
||
vs
|
||
<quantity id="4C97D0D3FF90FF819730FB514EE2AD9D" box="[890,988,1159,1184]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="3" pageNumber="472" unit="mm" value="105.0">105 mm</quantity>
|
||
), webbing on fingers extending beyond the proximal edge of the penultimate phalanx on all digits (vs at most extending to the base on the penultimate phalanx), and white labial stripe not extending beyond the posterior edge of the lower jaw (vs extending posterior to the tympanum); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F06B5FF90FF8195FEFB234F4DAC31" baseAuthorityName="Van Kampen" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[436,627,1268,1292]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="472" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanguinolenta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BA124FF90FF8195FEFB234F4DAC31" box="[436,627,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="472">L. sanguinolenta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its larger size (male SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4C97D0D3FF90FF819784FB22491EAC31" box="[974,1056,1268,1293]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="472" unit="mm" value="62.0">62 mm</quantity>
|
||
vs
|
||
<quantity id="4C97D0D3FF90FF819006FB22499CAC31" box="[1100,1186,1268,1293]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="472" unit="mm" value="55.0">55 mm</quantity>
|
||
), bluish latero-ventral pigmentation (vs white and orange) and webbing on fingers extending to at least the base of the penultimate phalanx on all digits (vs at most extending to the base on the penultimate phalanx); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F06B5FF90FF81903EFAEB480EAC69" authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2018" box="[1140,1328,1340,1364]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="472" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pallidofemora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BA124FF90FF81903EFAEB480EAC69" box="[1140,1328,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="472">L. pallidofemora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135461B3FF90FF819174FAEA48ADAC69" box="[1342,1427,1340,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1199,1221]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,301,1178]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[150,1436,301,1178]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Images in life of three species in the Litoria graminea complex occurring along the southern side of the New Guinean Central Cordillera; a–b) Litoria pterodactyla sp. nov. holotype SAMA R65030, Muller Range, Western Province, c) Litoria pallidofemora SAMA R71201 upper Fly River region, Western Province, and d) Litoria sauroni SAMA R60727 (holotype), Darai Plateau, Gulf Province. Note differences in eye and lateral colouration. All photographs by S. Richards." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3228024/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="472">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
) by its smaller size (male SVL up to
|
||
<quantity id="4C97D0D3FF90FF819662FA894F49AC45" box="[552,631,1375,1400]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="472" unit="mm" value="62.0">62 mm</quantity>
|
||
vs
|
||
<quantity id="4C97D0D3FF90FF8196D4FAB64FCEAC45" box="[670,752,1376,1400]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="472" unit="mm" value="80.0">80 mm</quantity>
|
||
), light purplish-blue lateral venter, undersurface of limbs and webbing (vs bright yellow), light brownish and thinly patterned outer rim of iris (vs largely black); and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F06B5FF90FF8191CFFA534DD5AC82" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="472" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sauroni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BA124FF90FF8191CFFA534DD5AC82" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="472">L. sauroni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135461B3FF90FF8194B1FA714C6CACFD" box="[251,338,1447,1472]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1199,1221]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,301,1178]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[150,1436,301,1178]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Images in life of three species in the Litoria graminea complex occurring along the southern side of the New Guinean Central Cordillera; a–b) Litoria pterodactyla sp. nov. holotype SAMA R65030, Muller Range, Western Province, c) Litoria pallidofemora SAMA R71201 upper Fly River region, Western Province, and d) Litoria sauroni SAMA R60727 (holotype), Darai Plateau, Gulf Province. Note differences in eye and lateral colouration. All photographs by S. Richards." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3228024/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="472">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
|
||
) in having an iris without red pigmentation (vs red-and black-vermiculations), in lacking pigment flecks across the lower eyelid (vs present), and in having elongate nuptial pads (vs small and round) (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="135461B3FF90FF81917BFA1A484BACD9" box="[1329,1397,1484,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1199,1221]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,301,1178]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[150,1436,301,1178]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Images in life of three species in the Litoria graminea complex occurring along the southern side of the New Guinean Central Cordillera; a–b) Litoria pterodactyla sp. nov. holotype SAMA R65030, Muller Range, Western Province, c) Litoria pallidofemora SAMA R71201 upper Fly River region, Western Province, and d) Litoria sauroni SAMA R60727 (holotype), Darai Plateau, Gulf Province. Note differences in eye and lateral colouration. All photographs by S. Richards." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3228024/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="472">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD07D36FF90FF81948DFA264E61AE70" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="472">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F06B5FF90FF81948DFA264C96AF35" authority="Oliver & Richards & Donnellan, 2019" authorityName="Oliver & Richards & Donnellan" authorityYear="2019" box="[199,424,1520,1544]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="472" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pterodactyla" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BA124FF90FF81948DFA264C96AF35" box="[199,424,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="472">Litoria pterodactyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BA124FF90FF8195E4FA394F39AF35" bold="true" box="[430,519,1519,1544]" pageId="3" pageNumber="472">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2281C5FFF90FF8195E4FA394F39AF35" box="[430,519,1519,1544]" pageId="3" pageNumber="472" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
differs from the other three (allopatric) members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F06B5FF90FF81903FFA26480BAF3A" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[1141,1333,1520,1543]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="472" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="graminea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BA124FF90FF81903FFA26480BAF3A" box="[1141,1333,1520,1543]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="472">Litoria graminea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex in New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3783DA6FF90FF8194BFF9C24C78AF10" box="[245,326,1556,1581]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="3" pageNumber="472">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
as follows; from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F06B5FF90FF81965EF9C34F9EAF11" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[532,672,1557,1580]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="472" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="graminea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BA124FF90FF81965EF9C34F9EAF11" box="[532,672,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="472">L. graminea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its bluish ventral colouration (vs orange or yellow), absence of deep skin creases extending to the shoulder (vs often present), predominately white iris (vs white and reddish), and elongate nuptial pad (vs small and rounded); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F06B5FF90FF8196A5F98B4E40AF49" box="[751,894,1628,1652]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="472" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="huntorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BA124FF90FF8196A5F98B4E40AF49" box="[751,894,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="472">L. huntorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its predominantly white iris (vs white and reddish), slightly larger size (62 vs
|
||
<quantity id="4C97D0D3FF90FF81966FF9A94F9DAFA5" box="[549,675,1663,1688]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.65" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="472" unit="mm" value="56.5" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="53.0">53–60 mm</quantity>
|
||
), purplish-blue lateral edges of venter and webbing (vs orange) and white labial stripe not extending beyond the rictus (vs extending to below the tympanum); and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F06B5FF90FF8190B4F97348A5AF81" authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2018" box="[1278,1435,1700,1724]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="472" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nullicedens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BA124FF90FF8190B4F97348A5AF81" box="[1278,1435,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="472">L. nullicedens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its smaller size (SVL 62 vs
|
||
<quantity id="4C97D0D3FF90FF8195B7F9114F6CAFDD" box="[509,594,1735,1760]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="472" unit="mm" value="75.0">75 mm</quantity>
|
||
), elongate nuptial pads (vs round and small); weak white labial stripe (vs absent); iris predominately white (vs reticulated black and dark brown); nictitating membrane with a dorsal pigment band only (vs with a dark marginal band and heavily reticulated with pigment); and sides, abdomen, and webbing of hands and feet purplish-blue (vs bright orange-red).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3752EBDFF90FF86948DF88149B9ACEE" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="473" pageId="3" pageNumber="472" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD07D36FF90FF86948DF8814EEFA9C5" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,248]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="473" pageId="3" pageNumber="472">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BA124FF90FF81948DF8814CC9AE4D" bold="true" box="[199,503,1879,1904]" pageId="3" pageNumber="472">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
Known only from the southern slopes of the Muller Range in Western Province,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3783DA6FF90FF8194DDF8AB4C4CAEA8" box="[151,370,1916,1941]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="3" pageNumber="472">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135461B3FF90FF8195C9F8AA4CF7AEA9" box="[387,457,1916,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1378,1400]" captionTargetBox="[150,1384,483,1350]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[150,1436,483,1356]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Distribution of Litoria pterodactyla sp. nov. and other species in the Litoria graminea species group in Papua New Guinea. On the basis of genetic distinctiveness (see text) topotypic Litoria dux is here considered to represent a distinct species; however, correct assignation of some specimens from across northeastern New Guinea will require further work." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3228026/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="472">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Most species of frog in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F06B5FF90FF819756F8AB4EE1AEA9" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[796,991,1917,1940]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="472" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="graminea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BA124FF90FF819756F8AB4EE1AEA9" box="[796,991,1917,1940]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="472">Litoria graminea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex are very rarely collected, and apparently similar hill forest occurs over large areas of southern New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3783DA6FF90FF8197E9F8764EC9AE84" box="[931,1015,1952,1977]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="3" pageNumber="472">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
, so it seems probable that this species ranges more widely. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D4C394FF90FF8195F6F8124F20AEE0" box="[444,542,1988,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="472" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was collected in undisturbed primary hill forest at
|
||
<quantity id="4C97D0D3FF90FF819025F8124986AEE1" box="[1135,1208,1988,2013]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.15" pageId="3" pageNumber="472" unit="m" value="515.0">515 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l. (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135461B3FF90FF81914DF8124870AEE1" box="[1287,1358,1988,2013]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1525,1547]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,730,1493]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[150,1436,632,1493]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Hill-forest habitat of Litoria pterodactyla sp. nov. at Gugusu Camp, 515 m a.s.l., Muller Range, Western Province, Papua New Guinea. Photograph by S. Richards." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3228028/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="472">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
), from high in a tree where it was calling at night. Nothing further is known about its ecology. Based on its extensive finger and toe webbing and canopy habitat we predict that, like at least some other members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F06B5FF97FF869104FF6B4C3DA9CA" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1905" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="473" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="graminea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BA124FF97FF869104FF6B4C3DA9CA" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">Litoria graminea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex, it is capable of parachuting (Tyler 1978,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE00C7FF97FF869775FF364EF8A9C5" author="Kraus, F." box="[831,966,224,248]" pageId="4" pageNumber="473" pagination="264 - 284" refId="ref7487" refString="Kraus, F. (2018) Taxonomy of Litoria graminea (Anura: Hylidae), with descriptions of two closely related new species. Zootaxa, 4457 (2), 264 - 284. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4457.2.3" type="journal article" year="2018">Kraus 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF102DBEFF97FF8694DDFB79485BAC1F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3228024/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="473" startId="4.[151,250,1199,1221]" targetBox="[150,1436,301,1178]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD07D36FF97FF8694DDFB79485BAC1F" blockId="4.[151,1436,1199,1314]" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BA124FF97FF8694DDFB794C2BADF9" bold="true" box="[151,277,1199,1221]" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Images in life of three species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F06B5FF97FF8696E2FB664E66ADF8" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[680,856,1200,1221]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="473" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="graminea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BA124FF97FF8696E2FB664E66ADF8" box="[680,856,1200,1221]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">Litoria graminea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex occurring along the southern side of the New Guinean Central Cordillera; a–b)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F06B5FF97FF8695A5FB194F82ADDE" authority="Oliver & Richards & Donnellan, 2019" authorityName="Oliver & Richards & Donnellan" authorityYear="2019" box="[495,700,1230,1252]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="473" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pterodactyla" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BA124FF97FF8695A5FB194F82ADDE" box="[495,700,1230,1252]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">Litoria pterodactyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BA124FF97FF86968EFB194E2BADD9" bold="true" box="[708,789,1231,1252]" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2281C5FFF97FF86968EFB194E2BADD9" box="[708,789,1231,1252]" pageId="4" pageNumber="473" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
holotype SAMA R65030, Muller Range, Western Province, c)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F06B5FF97FF8694DDFB384C46AC3F" authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,376,1261,1283]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="473" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pallidofemora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BA124FF97FF8694DDFB384C46AC3F" box="[151,376,1261,1283]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">Litoria pallidofemora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
SAMA R71201 upper Fly River region, Western Province, and d)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F06B5FF97FF869005FB3849D3AC3E" box="[1103,1261,1262,1283]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="473" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sauroni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BA124FF97FF869005FB3849D3AC3E" box="[1103,1261,1262,1283]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">Litoria sauroni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
SAMA R60727 (holotype), Darai Plateau, Gulf Province. Note differences in eye and lateral colouration. All photographs by S. Richards.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD07D36FF97FF86948DFA9849B9ACEE" blockId="4.[151,1437,1358,2031]" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B07776BFF97FF86948DFA9849BAACEE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2243358800" collectionCode="IUCN" country="Papua New Guinea" location="However" municipality="Data Deficient" pageId="4" pageNumber="473" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BA124FF97FF86948DFA984C58AC5A" bold="true" box="[199,358,1358,1383]" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7EE5F3FF97FF86948DFA984C31AC5A" box="[199,271,1358,1383]" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">IUCN</collectionCode>
|
||
Status.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F06B5FF97FF869595FA994FFFAC5B" authority="Oliver & Richards & Donnellan, 2019" authorityName="Oliver & Richards & Donnellan" authorityYear="2019" box="[479,705,1358,1382]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="473" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pterodactyla" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BA124FF97FF869595FA994FFFAC5B" box="[479,705,1358,1382]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">Litoria pterodactyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BA124FF97FF869683FA984E1DAC5A" bold="true" box="[713,803,1358,1383]" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2281C5FFF97FF869683FA984E1DAC5A" box="[713,803,1358,1383]" pageId="4" pageNumber="473" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is known only from a single specimen, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D4C394FF97FF86915AFA99487EAC5A" box="[1296,1344,1359,1383]" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality is located in a region where extensive suitable habitat occurs and, given the absence of major biogeographic barriers, it probably has a broad distribution in southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3783DA6FF97FF86971FFA41497FAC92" box="[853,1089,1430,1455]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<location id="8EB02BEDFF97FF869019FA414984AC93" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C6CC20FF92FF8794DDF89F4F8DA890:8EB02BEDFF97FF869019FA414984AC93" box="[1107,1210,1431,1454]" country="Papua New Guinea" municipality="Data Deficient" name="However" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">However</location>
|
||
until this species’ distribution has been better documented we recommend that it be listed as
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB4E74CFF97FF869796FA6D49BAACEE" box="[988,1156,1466,1491]" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">Data Deficient</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3752EBDFF97FF86948DFA0849AAAFCE" pageId="4" pageNumber="473" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD07D36FF97FF86948DFA0849AAAFCE" blockId="4.[151,1437,1358,2031]" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BA124FF97FF86948DFA084CC2ACCA" bold="true" box="[199,508,1502,1527]" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">Molecular differentiation.</emphasis>
|
||
Genetic divergences (p-distances) between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F06B5FF97FF8697A0FA0949F2ACCB" authority="Oliver & Richards & Donnellan, 2019" authorityName="Oliver & Richards & Donnellan" authorityYear="2019" box="[1002,1228,1502,1526]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="473" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pterodactyla" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BA124FF97FF8697A0FA0949F2ACCB" box="[1002,1228,1502,1526]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">Litoria pterodactyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BA124FF97FF869099FA084813ACCA" bold="true" box="[1235,1325,1502,1527]" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2281C5FFF97FF869099FA084813ACCA" box="[1235,1325,1502,1527]" pageId="4" pageNumber="473" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and three other recognised species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F06B5FF97FF86965EF9D54FE7AF27" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[532,729,1539,1562]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="473" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="graminea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BA124FF97FF86965EF9D54FE7AF27" box="[532,729,1539,1562]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">Litoria graminea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F06B5FF97FF869716F9D54ED5AF27" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[860,1003,1539,1562]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="473" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="graminea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BA124FF97FF869716F9D54ED5AF27" box="[860,1003,1539,1562]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">L. graminea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F06B5FF97FF8697B5F9D549B1AF27" box="[1023,1167,1538,1562]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="473" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="huntorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BA124FF97FF8697B5F9D549B1AF27" box="[1023,1167,1538,1562]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">L. huntorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F06B5FF97FF869092F9D54871AF27" box="[1240,1359,1539,1562]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="473" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sauroni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BA124FF97FF869092F9D54871AF27" box="[1240,1359,1539,1562]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">L. sauroni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) were between 0.23–0.24 (based on comparisons of approximately 700bp of mitochondrial ND4 gene data). Our molecular data also revealed a divergence of 0.21 between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F06B5FF97FF869760F99D4E8AAF5F" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[810,948,1611,1634]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="473" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="graminea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BA124FF97FF869760F99D4E8AAF5F" box="[810,948,1611,1634]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">L. graminea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as defined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE00C7FF97FF869015F99D49C2AF5E" author="Kraus, F." box="[1119,1276,1611,1635]" pageId="4" pageNumber="473" pagination="264 - 284" refId="ref7487" refString="Kraus, F. (2018) Taxonomy of Litoria graminea (Anura: Hylidae), with descriptions of two closely related new species. Zootaxa, 4457 (2), 264 - 284. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4457.2.3" type="journal article" year="2018">Kraus (2018))</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and topotypic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F06B5FF97FF8694DDF9B94DE0AFBB" box="[151,222,1646,1670]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="473" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dux">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BA124FF97FF8694DDF9B94DE0AFBB" box="[151,222,1646,1670]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">L. dux</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, suggesting that the Huon Peninsula population of large green treefrogs synonymised with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F06B5FF97FF8690A7F9B94846AFBB" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[1261,1400,1647,1670]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="473" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="graminea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BA124FF97FF8690A7F9B94846AFBB" box="[1261,1400,1647,1670]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">L. graminea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE00C7FF97FF8694DDF9454C12AF96" author="Kraus, F." box="[151,300,1683,1707]" pageId="4" pageNumber="473" pagination="264 - 284" refId="ref7487" refString="Kraus, F. (2018) Taxonomy of Litoria graminea (Anura: Hylidae), with descriptions of two closely related new species. Zootaxa, 4457 (2), 264 - 284. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4457.2.3" type="journal article" year="2018">Kraus (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
represents a valid species which can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F06B5FF97FF869786F9454949AF97" authorityName="Oliver & Richards & Donnellan" authorityYear="2019" box="[972,1143,1682,1706]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="473" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pterodactyla">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BA124FF97FF869786F9454949AF97" box="[972,1143,1682,1706]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">L. pterodactyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
most easily by its red and white iris colouration and round nuptial pad. The status of other populations of large green
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F06B5FF97FF8690E2F96149C8AFF3" authorityName="Tschudi" authorityYear="1838" box="[1192,1270,1719,1742]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="473" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BA124FF97FF8690E2F96149C8AFF3" box="[1192,1270,1719,1742]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">Litoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from northern New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3783DA6FF97FF869499F90C4C1AAFCE" box="[211,292,1754,1779]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
that were synonymised with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F06B5FF97FF869626F90D4FE9AFCF" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[620,727,1755,1778]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="473" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="graminea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BA124FF97FF869626F90D4FE9AFCF" box="[620,727,1755,1778]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">graminea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE00C7FF97FF869748F90D4EA8AFCE" author="Kraus, F." box="[770,918,1755,1779]" pageId="4" pageNumber="473" pagination="264 - 284" refId="ref7487" refString="Kraus, F. (2018) Taxonomy of Litoria graminea (Anura: Hylidae), with descriptions of two closely related new species. Zootaxa, 4457 (2), 264 - 284. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4457.2.3" type="journal article" year="2018">Kraus (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
requires further study.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3752EBDFF97FF86948DF9284DD1AE06" pageId="4" pageNumber="473" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD07D36FF97FF86948DF9284DD1AE06" blockId="4.[151,1437,1358,2031]" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BA124FF97FF86948DF9284C70AE2A" bold="true" box="[199,334,1790,1815]" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Pterodactyla: Latin, meaning winged-finger, in reference to the extensive finger webbing of this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3752EBDFF97FF87948DF8904F8DA890" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="474" pageId="4" pageNumber="473" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD07D36FF97FF87948DF8904F8DA890" blockId="4.[151,1437,1358,2031]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,429]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="474" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BA124FF97FF86948DF8904C05AE62" bold="true" box="[199,315,1862,1887]" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F06B5FF97FF869531F8914F00AE63" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[379,574,1863,1886]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="473" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="graminea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BA124FF97FF869531F8914F00AE63" box="[379,574,1863,1886]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">Litoria graminea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex has proven to be a taxonomically challenging lineage. They call from high in the canopy so they are relatively difficult to collect and specimens are rare in collections. There are few morphological characters to distinguish among species, information about calls is scarce, and some key characters are most clearly apparent in live specimens (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE00C7FF97FF869747F8654EA9AEF6" author="Kraus, F." box="[781,919,1971,1995]" pageId="4" pageNumber="473" pagination="264 - 284" refId="ref7487" refString="Kraus, F. (2018) Taxonomy of Litoria graminea (Anura: Hylidae), with descriptions of two closely related new species. Zootaxa, 4457 (2), 264 - 284. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4457.2.3" type="journal article" year="2018">Kraus 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). With the description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F06B5FF97FF8690F3F86548A2AEF7" authority="Oliver & Richards & Donnellan, 2019" authorityName="Oliver & Richards & Donnellan" authorityYear="2019" box="[1209,1436,1970,1994]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="473" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pterodactyla" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BA124FF97FF8690F3F86548A2AEF7" box="[1209,1436,1970,1994]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">Litoria pterodactyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BA124FF97FF8694DDF8004DCFAED2" bold="true" box="[151,241,2006,2031]" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2281C5FFF97FF8694DDF8004DCFAED2" box="[151,241,2006,2031]" pageId="4" pageNumber="473" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
the number of species in this group reaches seven (we consider
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F06B5FF97FF869786F801492AAED3" box="[972,1044,2006,2030]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="473" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dux">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BA124FF97FF869786F801492AAED3" box="[972,1044,2006,2030]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="473">L. dux</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be valid – see above), of which three occur south of the Central Cordillera between
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49ABB3D4FF96FF8796A7FF414E1EA98D" box="[749,800,151,176]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Gulf" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">Gulf</collectingRegion>
|
||
and Western Provinces of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3783DA6FF96FF87901DFF4E4809A98D" box="[1111,1335,151,176]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
. At least two of these species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F06B5FF96FF8795C7FF6B4F75A9E9" authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2018" box="[397,587,188,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pallidofemora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BA124FF96FF8795C7FF6B4F75A9E9" box="[397,587,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">L. pallidofemora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F06B5FF96FF8796CEFF6B4FC8A9E9" box="[644,758,189,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sauroni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BA124FF96FF8796CEFF6B4FC8A9E9" box="[644,758,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">L. sauroni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) occur in sympatry (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE00C7FF96FF8797AFFF6A4953A9E9" author="Kraus, F." box="[997,1133,188,212]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" pagination="264 - 284" refId="ref7487" refString="Kraus, F. (2018) Taxonomy of Litoria graminea (Anura: Hylidae), with descriptions of two closely related new species. Zootaxa, 4457 (2), 264 - 284. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4457.2.3" type="journal article" year="2018">Kraus 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, SJR pers. obs.), and there are no obvious geographic barriers between these two species and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F06B5FF96FF8797C9FF36495BA9C5" authority="Oliver & Richards & Donnellan, 2019" authorityName="Oliver & Richards & Donnellan" authorityYear="2019" box="[899,1125,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pterodactyla" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BA124FF96FF8797C9FF36495BA9C5" box="[899,1125,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">Litoria pterodactyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2281C5FFF96FF879021FF0949FAA9CA" box="[1131,1220,223,248]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BA124FF96FF879021FF094980A9C5" bold="true" box="[1131,1214,223,248]" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, so it is reasonable to hypothesise that all three species may occur in sympatry. If this is the case it will further complicate identification of these species in the field because they are most commonly heard calling from the canopy, their calls are poorly documented, and frogs are rarely sighted. A better understanding of call structure and variation within and between species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F06B5FF96FF87965EFEA64FEAA8BA" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[532,724,368,391]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="474" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="graminea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BA124FF96FF87965EFEA64FEAA8BA" box="[532,724,368,391]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="474">Litoria graminea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex will be crucial for improving our knowledge about the distributions of species in this complex of frogs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |