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<document id="4FA067B87BC669BC819A584F25963B5A" ID-CLB-Dataset="8107" ID-DOI="10.37520/aemnp.2020.29" ID-GBIF-Dataset="de370c5d-f931-48e0-b4ed-3803bc22f2a4" ID-ISSN="1804-6487" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4489408" ID-ZooBank="5CF7D8D7-2AEF-4AFB-9DB2-80A8FB525144" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1612221645004" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Kato, Daichi, Nakamura, Takeyuki &amp; Tachi, Takuji" docDate="2020" docId="03C4F90D745CFFACFF7D419AFD38FA1E" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaEntMusNatPrag.60.2.449-461.pdf" docOrigin="Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 60 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:BA2C5C8540539042E893A65A182CEA85.8:ActaEntMusNatPra.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="BA2C5C8540539042E893A65A182CEA85" docStyleName="ActaEntMusNatPra.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="8" docTitle="Epiphragma Osten Sacken 1860" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="450" masterDocId="FFFD8175745DFFADFF94422CFFA1FD70" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic study of the genus Epiphragma of Japan (Diptera: Limoniidae)" masterLastPageNumber="461" masterPageNumber="449" pageNumber="450" updateTime="1698926196176" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-3.0">
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<mods:title id="587EC828883F77DB2E9EF0DEFD80CBAD">Taxonomic study of the genus Epiphragma of Japan (Diptera: Limoniidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6CE33E4FEC9F6518E5D91FBB96672DAB">Kato, Daichi</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="9413A7DE76F1A48B48A709879BFCD7F5">Echigo-Matsunoyama Museum of Natural Sicences, Kyororo, 1712 - &amp; Matsunoyama, Tôkamachi, 942 - 1411, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<emphasis id="B9199409745CFFACFF7D419AFD07FEBD" bold="true" box="[233,678,949,973]" pageId="1" pageNumber="450">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C6D3398745CFFACFEAC4199FD07FEBD" ID-CoL="87FW2" authority="Osten Sacken, 1860" authorityName="Osten Sacken" authorityYear="1860" box="[312,678,949,973]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Epiphragma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="450" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9199409745CFFACFEAC4199FE63FEBD" bold="true" box="[312,450,949,973]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="450">Epiphragma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC35EA745CFFACFE5C419AFD07FEBD" author="OSTEN SACKEN C. R." box="[456,678,950,973]" pageId="1" pageNumber="450" pagination="197 - 256" refId="ref12311" refString="OSTEN SACKEN C. R. 1860: New genera and species of North American Tipulidae with short palpi, with an attempt at a new classification of the tribe. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 1859: 197 - 256." type="journal article" year="1860">Osten Sacken, 1860</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACC6E0A745CFFACFF0341F0FE53FE9F" author="OSTEN SACKEN C. R." box="[151,498,988,1007]" page="238" pageId="1" pageNumber="450" year="1860">
<taxonomicName id="4C6D3398745CFFACFF0341F0FE53FE9F" ID-CoL="87FW2" authority="Osten Sacken, 1860: 238" authorityName="Osten Sacken" authorityPageNumber="238" authorityYear="1860" box="[151,498,988,1007]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Epiphragma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="450" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9199409745CFFACFF0341F0FEA4FE9F" box="[151,261,988,1007]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="450">Epiphragma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC35EA745CFFACFE9941F0FE53FE9F" author="OSTEN SACKEN C. R." box="[269,498,988,1007]" pageId="1" pageNumber="450" pagination="197 - 256" refId="ref12311" refString="OSTEN SACKEN C. R. 1860: New genera and species of North American Tipulidae with short palpi, with an attempt at a new classification of the tribe. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 1859: 197 - 256." type="journal article" year="1860">Osten Sacken, 1860: 238</bibRefCitation>
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(as subgenus of
<taxonomicName id="4C6D3398745CFFACFD0641F0FD56FE9F" ID-CoL="87FHZ" authority="Macquart, 1834" box="[658,759,988,1007]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Limnophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="450" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9199409745CFFACFD0641F0FD56FE9F" box="[658,759,988,1007]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="450">Limnophila</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFC35EA745CFFACFF2141DBFE9EF97A" author="MACQUART J." box="[181,319,1015,1034]" pageId="1" pageNumber="450" refId="ref12143" refString="MACQUART J. 1834. Histoire naturelle des Insectes. Dipteres. Ouvrage accompagne de planches. Tome premier. Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, 578 pp." type="book" year="1834">Macquart, 1834</bibRefCitation>
). Type species:
<taxonomicName id="4C6D3398745CFFACFE5741DBFF43F954" authority="Osten Sacken, 1860" authorityName="Osten Sacken" authorityYear="1860" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Limnophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="450" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pavonina">
<emphasis id="B9199409745CFFACFE5741DBFDD8F97A" box="[451,633,1015,1034]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="450">Limnophila pavonina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC35EA745CFFACFDEA41DBFD59F97A" author="OSTEN SACKEN C. R." box="[638,760,1015,1034]" pageId="1" pageNumber="450" pagination="197 - 256" refId="ref12311" refString="OSTEN SACKEN C. R. 1860: New genera and species of North American Tipulidae with short palpi, with an attempt at a new classification of the tribe. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 1859: 197 - 256." type="journal article" year="1860">Osten Sacken,</bibRefCitation>
1860
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.
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D3398745CFFACFF034600FEA3F94F" ID-CoL="87FW2" authorityName="Osten Sacken" authorityYear="1860" box="[151,258,1068,1087]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Epiphragma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="450" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9199409745CFFACFF034600FEA3F94F" box="[151,258,1068,1087]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="450">Epiphragma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: O SΤΕΝ SΑ CkΕΝ (1869): 193 (elevated to genus).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD2481B745CFFACFF03467BFD38FA1E" blockId="1.[151,760,1111,1902]" pageId="1" pageNumber="450">
<emphasis id="B9199409745CFFACFF03467BFEA5F91E" bold="true" box="[151,260,1111,1134]" pageId="1" pageNumber="450">Remarks.</emphasis>
In the Japanese species, the following characters are shared: medium sized, brownish flies; head with vertex bearing indistinct dark markings or longitudinal line; eye dichoptic in both sexes; antenna relatively long, if bent backward, reaching near base of halter, scape cylindrical, flagellum with 13 segments, first two flagellomeres fused or partly so; thorax with prescutum bearing three or four indistinct darker stripes, pleuron variegated with darker areas and pruinescence; legs yellowish brown; each femur with one or two brown bands; fore tibia with one, succeeding tibiae with two apical spurs; wing with characteristic brownish pattern, forming several circular markings in line, tips of all longitudinal veins, crossvein h, and supernumerary crossvein in cell c with brown spots; Rs long, distal part parallel with R 1; crossvein r-r situated about its length before tip of R 1; MA absent; cell d closed; cell m 1 present; m-cu at basal 1/61/2 of cell d; male genitalia with tergite 9 produced into pair of small lobes at posterior margin; outer gonostylus claw-shaped, tip sharply tapered and curved inward; inner gonostylus slightly longer than outer gonostylus, obtuse at tip, slightly curved inward; interbase prominent, rod extending posteriorly; female ovipositor with cercus shorter than tergite 10, curved upwards; hypogynial valve relatively short, subequal in length to sternite 8; sternite 8 with linear apodeme on lateral side.
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