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<document ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5258.1.2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7773275" ID-ZooBank="D5B78BB6-E7AB-4CB8-B202-AA617E06F915" checkinTime="1679898889705" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Srinivasan, Pandiarajan, Sivaruban, T., Barathy, S. &amp; Isack, Rajasekaran" docDate="2023" docId="03C41A4F5D00603D2A804518CC1B29AE" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5258.1.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5258 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5258.1.2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Caenis undefined-1" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="69" masterDocId="FFFD62375D1C60232A174607CF3D287F" masterDocTitle="Contribution to the knowledge of family Caenidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from Madurai District, Tamil Nadu" masterLastPageNumber="75" masterPageNumber="39" pageNumber="67" updateTime="1679942429026" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Contribution to the knowledge of family Caenidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from Madurai District, Tamil Nadu</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Srinivasan, Pandiarajan</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0001-8118-3256</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>PG &amp; Research department of Zoology, The American College (affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University), Madurai- 625002, India. Department of Zoology, Fatima College (affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University), Madurai- 625018, India. barathyruban @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9464 - 6464 &amp; srini 15.05.1996 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8118 - 3256</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">srini15.05.1996@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Sivaruban, T.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>PG &amp; Research department of Zoology, The American College (affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University), Madurai- 625002, India. Department of Zoology, Fatima College (affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University), Madurai- 625018, India. barathyruban @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9464 - 6464</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Barathy, S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-9464-6464</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">barathyruban@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Isack, Rajasekaran</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-9952-4335</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>PG &amp; Research department of Zoology, The American College (affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University), Madurai- 625002, India. Department of Zoology, Fatima College (affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University), Madurai- 625018, India. barathyruban @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9464 - 6464 &amp; iceisack 143 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9952 - 4335</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">iceisack143@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2023-03-27</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>5258</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>39</mods:start>
<mods:end>75</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5258.1.2</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5258.1.2</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7773275</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">D5B78BB6-E7AB-4CB8-B202-AA617E06F915</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C41A4F5D00603D2A804518CC1B29AE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C41A4F5D00603D2A804518CC1B29AE" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="28" pageNumber="67">
<subSubSection box="[151,299,798,825]" pageId="28" pageNumber="67" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="28.[151,330,798,861]" box="[151,299,798,825]" pageId="28" pageNumber="67">
<heading bold="true" box="[151,299,798,825]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="67" reason="1">
<taxonomicName box="[151,299,798,825]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undefined-1">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,299,798,825]" pageId="28" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,234,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="67">Caenis</emphasis>
sp. 1
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[151,330,834,861]" pageId="28" pageNumber="67" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="28.[151,330,798,861]" box="[151,330,834,861]" pageId="28" pageNumber="67">
(
<figureCitation box="[159,322,834,861]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 143147" captionStart-1="FIGURES 148151" captionStartId-0="28.[152,270,1925,1949]" captionStartId-1="29.[152,270,1960,1984]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,993,1901]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,1028,1936]" captionTargetId-0="figure-295@28.[151,1436,993,1901]" captionTargetId-1="figure-359@29.[151,1436,1028,1936]" captionTargetPageId-0="28" captionTargetPageId-1="29" captionText-0="FIGURES 143147. Male imago of Caenis sp. 1: (143) dorsal view; (144) closer view of abdominal terga; (145) head, dorsal view; (146) foretarsus; (147) forceps." captionText-1="FIGURES 148151. SEM view of eggs of Caenis sp. 1: (148, 149) entire view; (150) epithema; (151) micropyle." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773351" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773353" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7773351/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7773353/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="67">Figs. 143151</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="67" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="28.[151,1436,906,971]" pageId="28" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,396,906,932]" pageId="28" pageNumber="67">Materials examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2022-08-01" collectionCode="R, AMC" collectorName="P. Srinivasan &amp; Isack" country="India" county="South" elevation="192" latitude="10.142222" location="Vaigai river" longitude="77.93" municipality="Madurai District" pageId="28" pageNumber="67" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu">
1J imago,
<specimenCount box="[530,565,907,933]" pageId="28" pageNumber="67" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
imago,
<collectingCounty box="[658,723,907,933]" pageId="28" pageNumber="67">South</collectingCounty>
<collectingCountry box="[730,790,907,933]" name="India" pageId="28" pageNumber="67">India</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion box="[802,937,907,933]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="28" pageNumber="67">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[950,1139,907,933]" pageId="28" pageNumber="67">Madurai District</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C41A4F5D00603D2A804518CC1B29AE:8EB2FD825D00603F2E69458CCA392BDA" box="[1150,1284,907,933]" country="India" county="South" latitude="10.142222" municipality="Madurai District" name="Vaigai river" pageId="28" pageNumber="67" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu">Vaigai river</location>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[1295,1436,908,935]" degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="08" orientation="latitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="67" precision="15" seconds="32" value="10.142222">10°0832N,</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[151,284,944,971]" degrees="77" direction="east" minutes="93" orientation="longitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="67" precision="15" seconds="22" value="77.93">77°9322E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity box="[296,369,943,969]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.92" pageId="28" pageNumber="67" unit="m" value="192.0">
<elevation box="[296,369,943,969]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.92" pageId="28" pageNumber="67" unit="m" value="192.0">192 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date box="[381,516,943,969]" pageId="28" pageNumber="67" value="2022-08-01">
<collectingDate box="[381,516,943,969]" pageId="28" pageNumber="67" value="2022-08-01">1.VIII.2022</collectingDate>
</date>
, colls.
<collectorName box="[594,738,943,969]" pageId="28" pageNumber="67">P. Srinivasan</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectionCode box="[774,796,943,969]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="28" pageNumber="67">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName box="[807,866,943,969]" pageId="28" pageNumber="67">Isack</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode box="[880,946,943,969]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2xyg-zxc2" name="Department of Biologics Research" pageId="28" pageNumber="67">AMC</collectionCode>
/ZN/211, 212)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773351" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7773351" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773351/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="67" startId="28.[152,270,1925,1949]" targetBox="[151,1436,993,1901]" targetPageId="28">
<paragraph blockId="28.[151,1436,1925,1985]" pageId="28" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,372,1925,1949]" pageId="28" pageNumber="67">FIGURES 143147.</emphasis>
Male imago of
<taxonomicName box="[534,660,1925,1949]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undefined-1">
<emphasis box="[534,604,1925,1948]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="67">Caenis</emphasis>
sp. 1
</taxonomicName>
: (143) dorsal view; (144) closer view of abdominal terga; (145) head, dorsal view; (146) foretarsus; (147) forceps.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="29.[151,1437,150,1004]" box="[199,345,150,176]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,345,150,176]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">Description.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[151,1437,150,1004]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,342,186,212]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">Male imago</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[360,458,186,212]" captionStart="FIGURES 143147" captionStartId="28.[152,270,1925,1949]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,993,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-295@28.[151,1436,993,1901]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 143147. Male imago of Caenis sp. 1: (143) dorsal view; (144) closer view of abdominal terga; (145) head, dorsal view; (146) foretarsus; (147) forceps." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773351" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773351/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">Fig. 143</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis box="[482,652,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">Measurements.</emphasis>
Body length:
<quantity box="[818,909,186,213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="2.9">2.9 mm</quantity>
; forewing length:
<quantity box="[1120,1212,186,213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="1.9">1.9 mm</quantity>
; foreleg length:
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
; midleg length:
<quantity box="[378,446,222,249]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
; hindleg length:
<quantity box="[632,721,222,249]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
; cercus length:
<quantity box="[895,983,222,249]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.7" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="6.7">6.7 mm</quantity>
. Ratios. Head (see
<bibRefCitation author="Malzacher, P." box="[1197,1380,222,249]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" pagination="27 - 47" refId="ref17952" refString="Malzacher, P. (2015) Revision of the Oriental species of the genus Caenis Stephens (Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Caenidae). Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde A, Neue Serie, 8, 27 - 47." type="journal article" year="2015">Malzacher 2015</bibRefCitation>
;
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURES 47" captionStartId="3.[152,270,1421,1445]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1397]" captionTargetId="figure-141@3.[151,1436,489,1397]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 47. SEM view of eggs of Caenis americani Srinivasan et al. 2021: (4) entire view; (5) epithemata; (6) closer view of chorion; (7) micropyle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773280" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773280/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">Fig. 4k</figureCitation>
): c: a = 2.2; a: b = 1.1; Leg: fore femur: fore tibia = 0.57; fore tibia: fore tarsus = 1.37; fore leg: hind leg = 1.5; segments of fore tarsus 1st: 2nd: 3rd: 4th: 5th = 1: 3.6: 2.1: 1.6: 0.9
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[151,1437,150,1004]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis box="[199,330,330,356]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">Coloration.</emphasis>
Head: Vertex light brownish. Antenna: scape and pedicel pale. Thorax: Prothorax mostly pale with dark brownish transverse band in the posterior margin. Mesonotum generally dark brownish; scutellum darkly pigmented with fin-shaped processes; mesonotal suture darkly pigmented; prosternum, mesosternum, and metasternum pale. Wings hyaline, costa, and subcostal veins reddish-brown. Legs whitish, except apical part of femora and tibiae with a dark brownish patch. Abdomen: Terga mostly colourless with a well-developed brownish transverse band and a longitudinal black stripe medially on terga III VI (
<figureCitation box="[975,1073,510,536]" captionStart="FIGURES 143147" captionStartId="28.[152,270,1925,1949]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,993,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-295@28.[151,1436,993,1901]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 143147. Male imago of Caenis sp. 1: (143) dorsal view; (144) closer view of abdominal terga; (145) head, dorsal view; (146) foretarsus; (147) forceps." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773351" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773351/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">Fig. 144</figureCitation>
). Cerci translucent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[151,1437,150,1004]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis box="[199,260,546,572]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[275,373,546,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 143147" captionStartId="28.[152,270,1925,1949]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,993,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-295@28.[151,1436,993,1901]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 143147. Male imago of Caenis sp. 1: (143) dorsal view; (144) closer view of abdominal terga; (145) head, dorsal view; (146) foretarsus; (147) forceps." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773351" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773351/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">Fig. 145</figureCitation>
). Fore margin between lateral and frontal ocelli slightly bowed. Pedicel two times the length of scape. Base of the antennal flagellum slightly dilated.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[151,1437,150,1004]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis box="[199,288,618,644]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">Thorax.</emphasis>
Prosternal sclerites strong, forming an apically blunt isosceles triangle, without transverse strip. Foretarsus segments 23 each with a lateral and a median projections and segment 4 with an apico-median projection equipped with strong small spines (
<figureCitation box="[548,646,690,716]" captionStart="FIGURES 143147" captionStartId="28.[152,270,1925,1949]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,993,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-295@28.[151,1436,993,1901]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 143147. Male imago of Caenis sp. 1: (143) dorsal view; (144) closer view of abdominal terga; (145) head, dorsal view; (146) foretarsus; (147) forceps." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773351" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773351/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">Fig. 146</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[151,1437,150,1004]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis box="[199,305,726,752]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">Abdomen</emphasis>
. Tergum II without a finger-like process. Lateral filaments short. Penis broad, with rounded lobes, hind margin with a well-developed medial incision, Penis mediolaterally with a tongue-shaped process. Forceps basally broadened with more or less parallel sides, consists of a long tuft of spines with a strong spine more or less fused with few thin spines (
<figureCitation box="[460,559,834,860]" captionStart="FIGURES 143147" captionStartId="28.[152,270,1925,1949]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,993,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-295@28.[151,1436,993,1901]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 143147. Male imago of Caenis sp. 1: (143) dorsal view; (144) closer view of abdominal terga; (145) head, dorsal view; (146) foretarsus; (147) forceps." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773351" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773351/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">Fig. 147</figureCitation>
). Other genital details are missing.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[151,1437,150,1004]" box="[199,1095,870,897]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,373,870,896]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">Female imago.</emphasis>
<emphasis box="[380,550,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">Measurements.</emphasis>
Body length:
<quantity box="[709,798,870,897]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="3.7">3.7 mm</quantity>
; forewing length:
<quantity box="[1002,1091,870,897]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="2.4">2.4 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[151,1437,150,1004]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">Coloration is similar to that of males. Transverse band in terga IIIVI strongly pronounced compared to that of males.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[151,1437,150,1004]" box="[199,404,978,1004]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,279,978,1004]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">Larva.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773353" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7773353" box="[152,1315,1960,1985]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773353/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" startId="29.[152,270,1960,1984]" targetBox="[151,1436,1028,1936]" targetPageId="29">
<paragraph blockId="29.[152,1315,1960,1985]" box="[152,1315,1960,1985]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,372,1960,1984]" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">FIGURES 148151.</emphasis>
SEM view of eggs of
<taxonomicName box="[599,725,1961,1985]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undefined-1">
<emphasis box="[599,669,1961,1984]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">Caenis</emphasis>
sp. 1
</taxonomicName>
: (148, 149) entire view; (150) epithema; (151) micropyle.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="30.[151,1437,150,465]" pageId="30" pageNumber="69">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,253,151,177]" pageId="30" pageNumber="69">Egg.</emphasis>
Length: 110120 μm; width: 7585 μm. Oval-shaped (
<figureCitation box="[859,1021,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURES 148151" captionStartId="29.[152,270,1960,1984]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1028,1936]" captionTargetId="figure-359@29.[151,1436,1028,1936]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 148151. SEM view of eggs of Caenis sp. 1: (148, 149) entire view; (150) epithema; (151) micropyle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773353" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773353/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="69">Figs. 148, 149</figureCitation>
); chorion smooth with a flat epithema forming a coil of fine threads on the pole (
<figureCitation box="[621,719,186,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 148151" captionStartId="29.[152,270,1960,1984]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1028,1936]" captionTargetId="figure-359@29.[151,1436,1028,1936]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 148151. SEM view of eggs of Caenis sp. 1: (148, 149) entire view; (150) epithema; (151) micropyle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773353" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773353/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="69">Fig. 150</figureCitation>
); micropyle long, situated at the subequatorial plane with mouth not broadened, with well visible circular sperm guide (
<figureCitation box="[764,861,222,249]" captionStart="FIGURES 148151" captionStartId="29.[152,270,1960,1984]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1028,1936]" captionTargetId="figure-359@29.[151,1436,1028,1936]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 148151. SEM view of eggs of Caenis sp. 1: (148, 149) entire view; (150) epithema; (151) micropyle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773353" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773353/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="69">Fig. 151</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[199,824,258,285]" pageId="30" pageNumber="69" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="30.[151,1437,150,465]" box="[199,824,258,285]" pageId="30" pageNumber="69">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,352,258,285]" pageId="30" pageNumber="69">Distribution.</emphasis>
Vaigai river, Madurai,
<collectingRegion box="[612,747,259,285]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="30" pageNumber="69">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry box="[759,820,259,285]" name="India" pageId="30" pageNumber="69">India</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="69" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="30.[151,1437,150,465]" pageId="30" pageNumber="69">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,332,294,320]" pageId="30" pageNumber="69">Discussion.</emphasis>
The unnamed species
<taxonomicName box="[599,742,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undefined-1">
<emphasis box="[599,677,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="69">Caenis</emphasis>
sp. 1
</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Malzacher" authorityYear="2015" box="[900,1050,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ulmeriana">
<emphasis box="[900,1050,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="69">C. ulmeriana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Srinivasan, Sivaruban, Barathy &amp; Isack" authorityYear="2023" box="[1110,1204,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limai">
<emphasis box="[1110,1204,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="69">C. limai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the shape of the forceps, but differs from them by the lateral and median projections in foretarsus segments 23 and an apico-median projection in segment
<quantity box="[407,453,367,393]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="30" pageNumber="69" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
the male imago (
<bibRefCitation author="Malzacher, P." box="[655,844,366,393]" pageId="30" pageNumber="69" pagination="27 - 47" refId="ref17952" refString="Malzacher, P. (2015) Revision of the Oriental species of the genus Caenis Stephens (Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Caenidae). Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde A, Neue Serie, 8, 27 - 47." type="journal article" year="2015">Malzacher 2015</bibRefCitation>
; Malzacher and Sangpradub 2020;
<bibRefCitation author="Srinivasan, P. &amp; Sivaruban, T. &amp; Barathy, S. &amp; Isack R." pageId="30" pageNumber="69" refId="ref18666" refString="Srinivasan, P., Sivaruban, T., Barathy, S. &amp; Isack R. (2023) A new species of Caenis Stephens, 1835 and description of male subimaginal characters of Caenis americani Srinivasan et al. 2021 (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae) from the Western Ghats, South India. Aquatic Insects. [in press]" type="book" year="2023">
Srinivasan
<emphasis box="[1378,1437,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="69">et al.</emphasis>
2023
</bibRefCitation>
). The eggs of
<taxonomicName box="[371,510,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undefined-1">
<emphasis box="[371,449,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="69">Caenis</emphasis>
sp. 1
</taxonomicName>
distinguished from both
<taxonomicName authorityName="Malzacher" authorityYear="2015" box="[793,942,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ulmeriana">
<emphasis box="[793,942,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="69">C. ulmeriana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Srinivasan, Sivaruban, Barathy &amp; Isack" authorityYear="2023" box="[997,1088,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limai">
<emphasis box="[997,1088,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="69">C. limai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the length of the micropyle (Malzacher and Sangpradub 2020;
<bibRefCitation author="Srinivasan, P. &amp; Sivaruban, T. &amp; Barathy, S. &amp; Isack R." box="[545,794,439,465]" pageId="30" pageNumber="69" refId="ref18666" refString="Srinivasan, P., Sivaruban, T., Barathy, S. &amp; Isack R. (2023) A new species of Caenis Stephens, 1835 and description of male subimaginal characters of Caenis americani Srinivasan et al. 2021 (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae) from the Western Ghats, South India. Aquatic Insects. [in press]" type="book" year="2023">
Srinivasan
<emphasis box="[670,726,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="69">et al.</emphasis>
2023
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>