205 lines
22 KiB
XML
205 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document id="11B2485555FAFE610FD0DD0685062100" ID-CLB-Dataset="58517" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6514377" ID-GBIF-Dataset="58bf4faf-7498-4c12-bcb3-b6f085b58978" ID-ISBN="978-84-96553-77-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6514377" IM.illustrations_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1635374545975" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2011" docId="03A087C4FFC7FFC6FAB5FDDAEE63F31D" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_2_Cervidae_0350.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 2 Hoofed Mammals, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Muntiacus reevesi" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="409" masterDocId="FF99FFBCFFC5FFC4FFCBFFB7E63DFFF9" masterDocTitle="Cervidae" masterLastPageNumber="443" masterPageNumber="350" pageNumber="409" updateTime="1699464900173" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="D17011B61CCE393557BF79460C9BF9C2" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="202D9F849E75DC44FD78BCC6F436184C">
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<mods:title id="5AB1EBF0F87E791E400D5D3C73C9B07E">Cervidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="BAB151A3627C98FC12E81A0240E031F2" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="26CBB1E8C75C9430F29F4493E5321263">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="5F5EF82674CC99518375B913F2B3A6FE">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="0E2C6910B7BFEC1DDA0EB5891E3F533F" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="61C351D70DFAA341223D485E60C9148A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="D2B8D1BF90BCEBE96234B6FF9AEA3FDD">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="7776A54133A2CBFC81626D43D3957F0A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="8957D5B64732469644741205DCA4B91D">2011</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="4EACA8215A27A29546C5BAC7EB59AD83" type="pubDate">2011-08-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="20E22BD468963243CA2CE0762999D4DB">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="898B9163B46344A599BE5300E5C0995F">
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<mods:placeTerm id="44AB795F9C2061873B42E360B7D77F80">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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<mods:titleInfo id="DF3B304414CD919A367AE09AE678EB73">
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<mods:title id="B186F073069C68A658DA71EA87705904">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 2 Hoofed Mammals</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="471705BD693DE812218E895B2FD11483">
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<mods:extent id="FC3CC77E3C942B175BEF973A0B68D2CD" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="D7625F3E82DAD157D0C7FC227FC17DC7">350</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="D978DDD0A68C62AECEF35EB22CC76FB7">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="A0B434FA5AB0CC9C28969CA6905F9218" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6514377</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="14EBBE874B107D16A277846827F0BA30" type="ISBN">978-84-96553-77-4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A087C4FFC7FFC6FAB5FDDAEE63F31D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6514405" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195657967" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6514405" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A087C4FFC7FFC6FAB5FDDAEE63F31D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A087C4FFC7FFC6FAB5FDDAEE63F31D" lastPageNumber="409" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFC7FFC6FAB5FDDAE3A3FD62" blockId="2.[1404,2259,621,708]" box="[1406,1438,621,667]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">
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<heading id="D0FE81BEFFC7FFC6FAB5FDDAE3A3FD62" box="[1406,1438,621,667]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">
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<figureCitation id="13322A57FFC7FFC6FAB5FDDAE3A3FD62" box="[1406,1438,621,667]" captionStart="Plate 15: Cervidae" captionStartId="2.[137,168,3397,3418]" captionTargetBox="[13,2762,14,3634]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="1. Tufted Deer (Elaphodus cephalophus), 2. Bornean Yellow Muntjac (Muntiacus atherodes), 3. Reeves’s Muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi), 4. Giant Muntjac (Muntiacus vuquangensis), 5. Fea’s Muntjac (Muntiacus feae), 6. Gongshan Muntjac (Muntiacus gongshanensis), 7. Black Muntjac (Muntiacus crinifrons), 8. Red Muntjac (Muntiacus muntjak), 9. Leat Mungac (Muntiacus putaoensis), 10. Puhoat Muntjac (Muntiacus puhoatensis), 11. Annamite Mungac (Muntiacus truongsonensis), 12. Roosevelts’ Muntjac (Muntiacus rooseveltorum)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6514468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6514468/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">3.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFC7FFC6FA65FDDAE132FD62" box="[1454,1807,621,667]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFC7FFC6FA65FDDAE132FD62" blockId="2.[1404,2259,621,708]" box="[1454,1807,621,667]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">
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<heading id="D0FE81BEFFC7FFC6FA65FDDAE132FD62" box="[1454,1807,621,667]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">
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<vernacularName id="050A46FCFFC7FFC6FA65FDDAE132FD62" box="[1454,1807,621,667]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">Reeves’s Muntjac</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFC7FFC6F893FDDAEEA9FD62" box="[1880,2196,621,667]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFC7FFC6F893FDDAEEA9FD62" blockId="2.[1404,2259,621,708]" box="[1880,2196,621,667]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">
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||
<heading id="D0FE81BEFFC7FFC6F893FDDAEEA9FD62" box="[1880,2196,621,667]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D51FFC7FFC6F893FDDAEEA9FD62" ID-CoL="44KXR" baseAuthorityName="Ogilby" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[1880,2196,621,667]" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Muntiacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="409" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reevesi">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFC7FFC6F893FDDAEEA9FD62" box="[1880,2196,621,667]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">Muntiacus reevesi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3136559FFC7FFC6FAB6FD1AEEEEFD3B" box="[1405,2259,685,706]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFC7FFC6FAB6FD1AEEEEFD3B" blockId="2.[1404,2259,621,708]" box="[1405,2259,685,706]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">
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<heading id="D0FE81BEFFC7FFC6FAB6FD1AEEEEFD3B" box="[1405,2259,685,706]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFC7FFC6FAB6FD1AE3F7FD3B" bold="true" box="[1405,1482,685,706]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050A46FCFFC7FFC6FA1FFD1AE0BEFD3B" box="[1492,1667,685,706]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">
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Muntjac de
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<collectingCountry id="F31E7642FFC7FFC6F980FD1AE0BEFD3B" box="[1611,1667,685,706]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">Chine</collectingCountry>
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</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFC7FFC6F95CFD1AE0CEFD3B" bold="true" box="[1687,1779,685,706]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050A46FCFFC7FFC6F937FD1AE1B6FD3B" box="[1788,1931,685,706]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">China-Muntjak</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFC7FFC6F86BFD1AE1C7FD3B" bold="true" box="[1952,2042,685,706]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050A46FCFFC7FFC6F7CEFD1AEEEEFD3B" box="[2053,2259,685,706]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">Muntiaco de Reeves</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFC7FFC6F82FFD44EC11FCE9" box="[2020,2604,755,784]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFC7FFC6F82FFD44EC11FCE9" blockId="2.[2020,2609,755,1177]" box="[2020,2604,755,784]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFC7FFC6F82FFD44EE42FCE9" bold="true" box="[2020,2175,755,784]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D51FFC7FFC6F750FD44EC1AFCE9" authority="Ogilby, 1839" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1839" box="[2203,2599,755,784]" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Cervus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="409" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reevesi">Cervus reevesi Ogilby, 1839</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFC7FFC6F82EFCADEEF0FCCE" box="[2021,2253,794,823]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFC7FFC6F82EFCADEEF0FCCE" blockId="2.[2020,2609,755,1177]" box="[2021,2253,794,823]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">
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<materialsCitation id="3B613C8FFFC7FFC6F82EFCADEEF0FCCE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3785196302" box="[2021,2253,794,823]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">
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Canton (
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<collectingCountry id="F31E7642FFC7FFC6F7A8FCADEE82FCCE" box="[2147,2239,794,823]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">China</collectingCountry>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFC7FFC6F82EFC8AE1AAFB11" pageId="2" pageNumber="409" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFC7FFC6F82EFC8AE1AAFB11" blockId="2.[2020,2609,755,1177]" lastBlockId="2.[1405,2612,1183,3300]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">
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Because of the relatively high number of chromosomes of the karyotype this species is considered a primitive muntjac. According to a genetic study, together with M.
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D51FFC7FFC6F7D8FC54EEFCFC05" baseAuthorityName="Do Tuoc, Vu Van Dung, Dawson, Arctander & Mackinnon" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[2067,2241,995,1020]" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Muntiacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="409" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vuquangensis">vuquangensis</taxonomicName>
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it forms one of two clades; according to a second study it forms a distinct lineage not closely related to other muntjacs. Its scientific and common name honorJ. Reeves, a naturalist and Assistant Inspector of Tea for the British East
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<collectingCountry id="F31E7642FFC7FFC6F818FB28EE21FB39" box="[2003,2076,1183,1216]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">India</collectingCountry>
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Company, who worked for 19 years in
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<collectingCountry id="F31E7642FFC7FFC6FAB5FB7CE3E9FB11" box="[1406,1492,1227,1256]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">China</collectingCountry>
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. Two subspecies are recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFC7FFC6FAB5FB58E3D1FA54" pageId="2" pageNumber="409" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DF76665AFFC7FFC6FAB5FB58E3D1FA54" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6514393" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6514393" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6514393/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="409" targetBox="[1403,1996,758,1173]" targetPageId="2">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFC7FFC6FAB5FB58E130FAE9" blockId="2.[1405,2612,1183,3300]" box="[1406,1805,1263,1296]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFC7FFC6FAB5FB58E130FAE9" bold="true" box="[1406,1805,1263,1296]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFC7FFC6FAB4FAA9E14EFACE" blockId="2.[1405,2612,1183,3300]" box="[1407,1907,1310,1335]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D51FFC7FFC6FAB4FAA9E14EFACE" authority=": Ogilby, 1838" authorityName=": Ogilby" authorityYear="1838" box="[1407,1907,1310,1335]" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Muntiacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="409" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="reevesi" subSpecies="reeves">
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<collectingCountry id="F31E7642FFC7FFC6FAB4FAA9E14EFACE" box="[1407,1907,1310,1335]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">M.r.reeves:Ogilby,1838—SEChina.</collectingCountry>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFC7FFC6FAB4FAF6E144FAA7" blockId="2.[1405,2612,1183,3300]" box="[1407,1913,1345,1374]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D51FFC7FFC6FAB4FAF6E0D3FAA7" authority="Sclater, 1875" authorityName="Sclater" authorityYear="1875" box="[1407,1774,1345,1374]" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Muntiacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="409" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="reevesi" subSpecies="micrurus">M. r. micrurus Sclater, 1875</taxonomicName>
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—
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<collectingCountry id="F31E7642FFC7FFC6F8DBFAF6E148FAA7" box="[1808,1909,1345,1374]" name="Taiwan" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFC7FFC6FAB6FAD3E3D1FA54" blockId="2.[1405,2612,1183,3300]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">
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The subspecies from mainland
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<collectingCountry id="F31E7642FFC7FFC6F888FAD3E1AAFA7C" box="[1859,1943,1380,1413]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">China</collectingCountry>
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was introduced into
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<collectingCountry id="F31E7642FFC7FFC6F707FAD3EF7FFA7C" box="[2252,2370,1380,1413]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">England</collectingCountry>
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in the early 20" century.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFC7FFC6FAB5FA04E0ABF7DB" pageId="2" pageNumber="409" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFC7FFC6FAB5FA04E0ABF7DB" blockId="2.[1405,2612,1183,3300]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFC7FFC6FAB5FA04E040FA2D" bold="true" box="[1406,1661,1459,1492]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 70-80 cm,tail 12-13 cm, shoulder height 45-50 cm; weight of adult males 14-15 kg and of adult females 12-13 kg. Males are on average 15% heavier than females. A small-sized muntjac with rounded ears. The tail is relatively short, chestnut dorsally, white below. The summer coatis red-brown, the winter coat is gray-brown. Males have a black stripe up each frontal ridge and pedicle, forming a V on the forehead. Fawn coat has ocher spots, which disappear by two months. A large preorbital sac, frontal glands, rear interdigital gland and (in males) a preputial gland are present. Upper canines are around
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<quantity id="4CF19B37FFC7FFC6F715F97DEF18F91E" box="[2270,2341,1738,1767]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="409" unit="cm" value="6.0">6 cm</quantity>
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long in males, of which one third is hidden in the alveolus; females have smaller upper canines, about 1-7 cm long, of which one third extends out of the alveolus. Antlers of adults are short and simple, 4-8 cm long, on pedicles 5-8 cm high. They generally have a very small basal brow tine and distally they tend to curve inward. Pedicles begin to grow at 5-7 months of age; first antlers appear at 8-11 months, generally minute spikes without a coronet. Subsequent antler sets grow in summer, are clean in September, and are cast in May. Hooves are very small, about
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<quantity id="4CF19B37FFC7FFC6F78EF86AEEBAF803" box="[2117,2183,2013,2042]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="409" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
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long. The diploid number of chromosomesis 46.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFC7FFC6FAB4F79FEF71F746" pageId="2" pageNumber="409" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFC7FFC6FAB4F79FEF71F746" blockId="2.[1405,2612,1183,3300]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFC7FFC6FAB4F79FE3D3F7B0" bold="true" box="[1407,1518,2088,2121]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">Habitat.</emphasis>
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In the original range it prefers dense temperate, subtropical, and tropical forests and scrub, at 200-400 m above sea level. Sometimesit also frequents alpine grasslands up to
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<quantity id="4CF19B37FFC7FFC6F9A5F7C1E0E8F76E" box="[1646,1749,2166,2199]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="409" unit="m" value="3500.0">3500 m</quantity>
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above sea level. Introduced populations in
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<collectingCountry id="F31E7642FFC7FFC6F68FF7C1EF87F76E" box="[2372,2490,2166,2199]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">England</collectingCountry>
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are particularly common in dense habitat with a good diversity of vegetation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFC7FFC6FAB4F772E036F6F7" pageId="2" pageNumber="409" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFC7FFC6FAB4F772E036F6F7" blockId="2.[1405,2612,1183,3300]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFC7FFC6FAB4F772E0BBF71F" bold="true" box="[1407,1670,2245,2278]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
As a typical concentrate selector, it browses leaves and shoots and eats fruits.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3136559FFC7FFC6FAB4F6AFE08FF5B0" pageId="2" pageNumber="409" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFC7FFC6FAB4F6AFE08FF5B0" blockId="2.[1405,2612,1183,3300]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFC7FFC6FAB4F6AFE038F6CC" bold="true" box="[1407,1541,2328,2357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Females attain puberty precociously, at 6-7 months of age. Breeding occurs throughout the year, with fawns born in any month. Females are polyestrous with a mean cycle of 14-15 days. After a gestation of 210 days, females give birth to one fawn weighing about 1-2 kg. Since a postpartum estrus is common, females may give birth every eight months. Fawns are weaned in four months. At six months of age they attain 60% of the final weight, at 18 months they reach 90% of their adult weight. Males may disperse at about 5-6 months, sometimes later. Reeves’s Muntjac can live to a maximum of 13 years.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3136559FFC7FFC6FAB5F5F9EC37F596" box="[1406,2570,2638,2671]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFC7FFC6FAB5F5F9EC37F596" blockId="2.[1405,2612,1183,3300]" box="[1406,2570,2638,2671]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFC7FFC6FAB5F5F9E055F596" bold="true" box="[1406,1640,2638,2671]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
It is active all day, with five distinct periods of feeding in 24 hours.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3136559FFC7FFC6FA4BF5C2E109F453" pageId="2" pageNumber="409" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFC7FFC6FA4BF5C2E109F453" blockId="2.[1405,2612,1183,3300]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFC7FFC6FA4BF5C2EE04F56F" bold="true" box="[1408,2105,2677,2710]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
As a slinker, it generally moves with the head held down. When alarmed it lifts the tail, showing the white underneath. Usually home ranges are small, 10-30 ha, but can be up to 100 ha, generally larger in males. Males are territorial, with a defended area encompassing the home ranges of some females. Some territoriality is also evident in females, whose core areas are exclusive. It is basically a solitary species, sometimes observed in pairs or small family groups. Adult males are probably weakly serially polygynous, forming temporary tending bonds with estrous females.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3136559FFC7FFC6FA4AF40FEC28F36C" pageId="2" pageNumber="409" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFC7FFC6FA4AF40FEC28F36C" blockId="2.[1405,2612,1183,3300]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFC7FFC6FA4AF40FE0E1F428" bold="true" box="[1409,1756,3000,3025]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List, mainly for its large range and its occurrence in many protected areas. It is decreasing, due to the industrial exploitation of hides and continuous habitat loss. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E7642FFC7FFC6F736F3B4EF6CF3D9" box="[2301,2385,3075,3104]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
it is considered vulnerable but it is not protected at a national scale. The population established in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E7642FFC7FFC6FA4AF3FAE3C5F397" box="[1409,1528,3149,3182]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
, is now quite common, increasing and expanding its range to other parts of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E7642FFC7FFC6FA4AF3C3E006F36C" box="[1409,1595,3188,3221]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">Great Britain</collectingCountry>
|
||
. In 2005 the total estimate for this population was 118,000 individuals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3136559FFC7FFC6FA49F313EE63F31D" pageId="2" pageNumber="409" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFC7FFC6FA49F313EE63F31D" blockId="2.[1405,2612,1183,3300]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFC7FFC6FA49F313E026F344" bold="true" box="[1410,1563,3236,3261]" pageId="2" pageNumber="409">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Apollonio et al. (2010),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D51FFC7FFC6F8E7F313E1DFF344" authority="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier, 2011" authorityName="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" authorityYear="2011" box="[1836,2018,3236,3261]" genus="Chapman" pageId="2" pageNumber="416" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Chapman (2008)</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D51FFC7FFC6F838F313EE64F344" authority="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier, 2011" authorityName="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" authorityYear="2011" box="[2035,2137,3236,3261]" genus="Chapman" pageId="2" pageNumber="416" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Chapman</taxonomicName>
|
||
et al. (1997), Leasor et al. (2008), McCullough et al. (2000), Miura (1984), Pei Kurtis & Liu Hwanwun (1994).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |