212 lines
28 KiB
XML
212 lines
28 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="5FA33C1D0EEAE84BEA8F93587570FA49">Revision of the Shore-fly Genera Parahyadina Tonnoir and Malloch and New Zealand Hyadina Haliday (Diptera: Ephydridae)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03A08710682DFFF046EAFDDBE024497B" ID-GBIF-Taxon="158407581" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A08710682DFFF046EAFDDBE024497B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A08710682DFFF046EAFDDBE024497B" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="405" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
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<subSubSection id="C313658D682DFFF746EAFDDBE2964963" box="[151,449,609,636]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB63606682DFFF746EAFDDBE2964963" blockId="3.[151,449,609,636]" box="[151,449,609,636]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
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<heading id="D0FE816A682DFFF746EAFDDBE2964963" bold="true" box="[151,449,609,636]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B97DEA14682DFFF746EAFDDBE2964963" bold="true" box="[151,449,609,636]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D85682DFFF74693FDDBE2964963" ID-CoL="636KN" ID-ENA="1720786" authority="Haliday" authorityName="Haliday in Curtis" authorityYear="1837" box="[238,449,609,636]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Hyadina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97DEA14682DFFF74693FDDBE2014964" bold="true" box="[238,342,609,636]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Hyadina</emphasis>
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Haliday
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C313658D682DFFF746EAFD1CE21E486E" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" type="reference_group">
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D85682DFFF746EAFD1CE17949A6" authority="Robineau-Desvoidy 1830: 794" authorityName="Robineau-Desvoidy" authorityPageNumber="794" authorityYear="1830" box="[151,558,677,702]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Hydrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97DEA14682DFFF746EAFD1CE3BC49A6" box="[151,235,678,702]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Hydrina</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA81017682DFFF7468EFD1FE17949A6" author="Robineau-Desvoidy, J. B." box="[243,558,677,702]" page="794" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" year="1830">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF984BF7682DFFF7468EFD1FE17949A6" author="Robineau-Desvoidy, J. B." box="[243,558,677,702]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" pagination="1 - 813" refId="ref24364" refString="Robineau-Desvoidy, J. B. (1830) Essai sur les Myodaires. Memoires Presentes par divers Savans a l'Academie Royale des Sciences de l'Institut de France, et Imprimes par son Ordre Sciences Mathematiques et Physiques, 2 (2), 1 - 813." type="journal article" year="1830">Robineau-Desvoidy 1830: 794</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54B288A4682DFFF74445FD1CE13D49A6" box="[568,618,678,702]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D85682DFFF744B4FD1CE7D549A6" authority="Robineau-Desvoidy 1830" authorityName="Robineau-Desvoidy" authorityYear="1830" box="[713,1154,677,702]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Hydrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">
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<emphasis id="B97DEA14682DFFF744B4FD1CE02049A6" box="[713,887,678,702]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Hydrina vernalis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF984BF7682DFFF74503FD1FE7D549A6" author="Robineau-Desvoidy, J. B." box="[894,1154,677,702]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" pagination="1 - 813" refId="ref24364" refString="Robineau-Desvoidy, J. B. (1830) Essai sur les Myodaires. Memoires Presentes par divers Savans a l'Academie Royale des Sciences de l'Institut de France, et Imprimes par son Ordre Sciences Mathematiques et Physiques, 2 (2), 1 - 813." type="journal article" year="1830">Robineau-Desvoidy 1830</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(=
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D85682DFFF742DAFD1CE3AA49C4" ID-CoL="8D278" authority="Fallen 1813" authorityName="Fallen" authorityYear="1813" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Notiphila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guttata">
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<emphasis id="B97DEA14682DFFF742DAFD1CE60149A5" box="[1191,1366,678,702]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Notiphila guttata</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984BF7682DFFF74320FD1FE3AA49C4" author="Fallen, C. F." pageId="3" pageNumber="404" pagination="240 - 257" refId="ref23482" refString="Fallen, C. F. (1813) Beskrifning ofver nagra i Sverige funna Vattenflugor (Hydromyzides). Kongliga Vetenskaps-Academiens Handlingar, Series 3, 1813, 240 - 257." type="journal article" year="1813">Fallén 1813</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
), subsequent designation,
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA81017682DFFF7447AFD7EE18B49C5" author="Coquillett, D. W." box="[519,732,708,733]" page="553" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" year="1910">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF984BF7682DFFF7447AFD7EE18B49C5" author="Coquillett, D. W." box="[519,732,708,733]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" pagination="499 - 647" refId="ref22979" refString="Coquillett, D. W. (1910) The type-species of the North American genera of Diptera. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 37, 499 - 647. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.37 - 1719.499" type="journal article" year="1910">Coquillett 1910: 553</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
. Preoccupied (
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EF984BF7682DFFF7450DFD7EE74849C5" author="Rafinesque, C. S." box="[880,1055,708,733]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" refId="ref24314" refString="Rafinesque, C. S. (1815) Analyse de la nature ou tableau de l'univers et des corps organises. Aux deipens de l'auteur, Palermo, 224 pp. [printed privately] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 106607" type="book" year="1815">Rafinesque 1815</bibRefCitation>
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||
, Coelenterata).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BB63606682DFFF746EAFD59E6264821" blockId="3.[151,1436,677,886]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB191128682DFFF746EAFD59E6264821" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D85682DFFF746EAFD59E14449E3" ID-CoL="636KN" authority="Haliday in Curtis 1837: 282" authorityName="Haliday in Curtis" authorityPageNumber="282" authorityYear="1837" box="[151,531,738,763]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Hyadina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B97DEA14682DFFF746EAFD59E3B949E3" box="[151,238,739,763]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Hyadina</emphasis>
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||
Haliday in
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA81017682DFFF7471BFD58E14449E3" author="Curtis, J." box="[358,531,738,763]" page="282" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" year="1837">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF984BF7682DFFF7471BFD58E14449E3" author="Curtis, J." box="[358,531,738,763]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" refId="ref23326" refString="Curtis, J. (1837) A guide to an arrangement of British insects: being a catalogue of all the named species hitherto discovered in Great Britain and Ireland. Ed. 2. Printed for the author, London, 294 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 46860" type="book" year="1837">Curtis 1837: 282</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
. [published in synonymy, first used for a taxon by
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA81017682DFFF74268FD58E78049E3" author="Haliday, A. H." box="[1045,1239,738,763]" page="404" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" year="1839">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984BF7682DFFF74268FD58E78049E3" author="Haliday, A. H." box="[1045,1239,738,763]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" pagination="401 - 411" refId="ref23545" refString="Haliday, A. H. (1839) Remarks on the generic distribution of the British Hydromyzidae (Diptera). Annals of Natural History, 3, 217 - 224, 401 - 411. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745483909443252" type="journal article" year="1839">Haliday 1839: 404</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
].
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B288A4682DFFF7429AFD59E64E49E3" box="[1255,1305,739,763]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Type</typeStatus>
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||
species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D85682DFFF7430BFD5EE28E4802" ID-CoL="8D278" authority="Fallen 1813" authorityName="Fallen" authorityYear="1813" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Notiphila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guttata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEA14682DFFF7430BFD5EE20F4801" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Notiphila guttata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984BF7682DFFF74723FCBBE28E4802" author="Fallen, C. F." box="[350,473,769,794]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" pagination="240 - 257" refId="ref23482" refString="Fallen, C. F. (1813) Beskrifning ofver nagra i Sverige funna Vattenflugor (Hydromyzides). Kongliga Vetenskaps-Academiens Handlingar, Series 3, 1813, 240 - 257." type="journal article" year="1813">Fallén 1813</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, subsequent designation,
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA81017682DFFF744A0FCBBE0E54802" author="Westwood, J. O." box="[733,946,769,794]" page="153" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" year="1840">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF984BF7682DFFF744A0FCBBE0E54802" author="Westwood, J. O." box="[733,946,769,794]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" pagination="125 - 154" refId="ref24546" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1840) Order XIII. Diptera Aristotle (Antilata Fabricius. Halteriptera Clairv.). In: An introduction to the modern classification of insects; founded on the natural habits and corresponding organisation of the different families. Synopsis of the genera of British insects. Longman, Orme, Brown, Green and Longmans, London, pp. 125 - 154. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12455" type="book chapter" year="1840">Westwood 1840: 153</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA81017682DFFF745ACFCBBE73A4802" author="Loew, H." box="[977,1133,769,794]" page="27" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" year="1860">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984BF7682DFFF745ACFCBBE73A4802" author="Loew, H." box="[977,1133,769,794]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" pagination="1 - 46" refId="ref23748" refString="Loew, H. (1860) Neue Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Dipteren. Siebenter Beitrag. Die Europaeischen Ephydrinidae und die bisher in Schlesien beobachteten Arten derselben. Programm der Koniglichen Realschule zu Meseritz, 1860, 1 - 46." type="journal article" year="1860">Loew 1860: 27</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
[generic status].—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA81017682DFFF74356FCBBE2CF4820" author="Thompson, F. C. & Mathis, W. N." page="84" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" year="1981">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984BF7682DFFF74356FCBBE2CF4820" author="Thompson, F. C. & Mathis, W. N." pageId="3" pageNumber="404" pagination="80 - 89" refId="ref24456" refString="Thompson, F. C. & Mathis, W. N. (1981) Haliday's generic names of Diptera first published in Curtis' A guide to … British insects (1837). Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 70 (2), 80 - 89." type="journal article" year="1981">Thompson and Mathis 1981: 84</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
[historic review of the nomenclature].—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984BF7682DFFF7454BFC9AE79F4820" author="Mathis, W. N. & Zatwarnicki T." box="[822,1224,800,825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" pagination="1 - 423" refId="ref23989" refString="Mathis, W. N. & Zatwarnicki T. (1995) A World Catalog of the Shore Flies (Diptera: Ephydridae). Memoirs on Entomology, International, 4, 1 - 423." type="journal article" year="1995">Mathis and Zatwarnicki 1995: 202–207</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[world catalog].
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB63606682DFFF746EAFC85E21E486E" blockId="3.[151,1436,677,886]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB191128682DFFF746EAFC85E21E486E" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D85682DFFF746EAFC85E28F484F" authority="Lioy 1864: 1103" authorityName="Lioy" authorityPageNumber="1103" authorityYear="1864" box="[151,472,830,855]" class="Insecta" genus="Ephydrosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEA14682DFFF746EAFC85E274484F" box="[151,291,831,855]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Ephydrosoma</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA81017682DFFF74757FC84E28F484F" author="Lioy, P." box="[298,472,830,855]" page="1103" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" year="1864">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984BF7682DFFF74757FC84E28F484F" author="Lioy, P." box="[298,472,830,855]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" pagination="1087 - 1126" refId="ref23658" refString="Lioy, P. (1864) I ditteri distribuiti secondo un nuovo metodo di classificazione naturale. Atti dell' I. R. Istituto Veneto di scienze, lettere ed arti, Series 3, 9, 1087 - 1126." type="journal article" year="1864">Lioy 1864: 1103</bibRefCitation>
|
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B288A4682DFFF7479FFC85E143484F" box="[482,532,831,855]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D85682DFFF7440EFC85E0FE484F" ID-CoL="8C2FG" authority="Meigen 1830" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1830" box="[627,937,830,855]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Ephydra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEA14682DFFF7440EFC85E04F484F" box="[627,792,831,855]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Ephydra rufipes</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984BF7682DFFF7455DFC84E0FE484F" author="Meigen, J. W." box="[800,937,830,855]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" refId="ref24180" refString="Meigen, J. W. (1830) Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europaischen zweiflugeligen Insekten. Schulz-Wundermann, Hamm, 401 + xi pp." type="book" year="1830">Meigen 1830</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, monotypy.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA81017682DFFF74244FC84E6CB484F" author="Mathis, W. N. & Zatwarnicki T." box="[1081,1436,830,855]" page="202" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" year="1995">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984BF7682DFFF74244FC84E6CB484F" author="Mathis, W. N. & Zatwarnicki T." box="[1081,1436,830,855]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" pagination="1 - 423" refId="ref23989" refString="Mathis, W. N. & Zatwarnicki T. (1995) A World Catalog of the Shore Flies (Diptera: Ephydridae). Memoirs on Entomology, International, 4, 1 - 423." type="journal article" year="1995">Mathis and Zatwarnicki 1995: 202</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
[synonymy].
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C313658D682DFFF746EAFC19E2014E52" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB63606682DFFF746EAFC19E0DE4F1E" blockId="3.[151,1437,931,2039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEA14682DFFF746EAFC19E24548A6" bold="true" box="[151,274,931,958]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D85682DFFF74765FC1EE22F48A6" authorityName="Haliday in Curtis" authorityYear="1837" box="[280,376,932,958]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Hyadina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEA14682DFFF74765FC1EE22F48A6" box="[280,376,932,958]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Hyadina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from other genera of the tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D85682DFFF74502FC1EE0B848A6" box="[895,1007,932,958]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Hyadinini">Hyadinini</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the following combination of characters: Adults, small to medium-sized shore flies, body length,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF19BE3682DFFF74529FC72E0AD48FB" box="[852,1018,968,995]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" unit="mm" value="1.95" valueMax="2.7" valueMin="1.2">1.20–2.70 mm</quantity>
|
||
; mostly shiny black, often with dense microtomentum on abdomen; setation generally weakly developed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB63606682DFFF746BAFBAAE2014E52" blockId="3.[151,1437,931,2039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEA14682DFFF746BAFBAAE25A4F32" box="[199,269,1040,1066]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Head:</emphasis>
|
||
Frons bare to densely microtomentose. Face generally paler in than frons, yellow to dark yellowish brown with golden, yellowish silver, or silvery gray microtomentum extended to gena. Gena often concolorous with ventral parafacial plate, sometimes ventral gena bare or with sparse microtomentum. Chaetotaxy: ocellar setae well developed, divergent, proclinate; pseudopostocellar setae minute, divergent, proclinate; fronto-orbital setae, minute, 3–5 pairs, proclinate; medial vertical setae well developed; lateral vertical well developed or reduced; facial setae, minute, in 2 rows. Antenna yellow, yellowish brown, or brown; scape, pedicel, and 1st flagellomere often darker in color dorsally; scape with row of setulae along apicoventral margin; 1st flagellomere microtomentose with numerous setulae; arista bearing very short rays on dorsum. Palpus prominent, yellow to dark yellowish. Gena low to moderately high.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C313658D682DFFF046BAFAEEE024497B" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="405" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB63606682DFFF746BAFAEEE09A4C06" blockId="3.[151,1437,931,2039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEA14682DFFF746BAFAEEE2764E76" box="[199,289,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Thorax:</emphasis>
|
||
Mesonotum bare or with sparse to dense microtomentum, ground color pale brown to dark brown, microtomentum golden, silver, velvety black or brown, often marked with distinct vittae. Scutellum trapezoidal with posterior margin slightly rounded, lateral margins sometimes with dense velvety black patches; pleura often paler than mesonotum; anepisternum bare or with dense microtomentum, often dorsally with black velvety patches; katepisternum bare or with sparse to dense microtomentum. Chaetotaxy: pre and postsutural dorsocentral setae lacking; scutellar and acrostichal setae well developed; 1 prominent supra-alar setae; anterior notopleural setae either well developed, reduced, or lacking; 1 anepisternal seta, small to minute, inserted along posteromedial margin; 1 katepisternal seta, small to minute, inserted along dorsomedial margin; 2 lateral scutellar setae, posterior seta inserted apically, lateral seta 1/3–1/2 length of posterior seta. Wing: hyaline to yellowish brown; crossvein dm-cu often with dark rims and hyaline spots in the surrounding wing areas; rarely with additional stump veins or brownish pattern in wing; costa extended to vein M. Legs: yellow, yellowish brown, to dark brown; covered by rows of minute setulae; femora and tibiae often with pattern of pale and dark areas; apical tarsomere and sometimes tarsomere 4 often darker than proximal tarsomeres. Halter knob white, yellow to yellowish brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB63606682DFFF046BAF892E3A74A7F" blockId="3.[151,1437,931,2039]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,153,611]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="405" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEA14682DFFF746BAF892E26D4C5A" box="[199,314,1832,1858]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Abdomen:</emphasis>
|
||
Five abdominal tergites normally exposed in males, cerci well developed; abdominal tergites 6–8 normally exposed in females, cerci well developed; generally shiny with sparse microtomentum; ground color yellowish brown, brown to dark brown; partially bare, and usually with distinct areas of sparse to dense microtomentum; tergites setulose, with setal rows along margins. In some species tergites 2 and 3 laterally with separated plates, reaching ventral margin of abdomen. Female without fused sternites. Male terminalia: epandrium often narrow, especially dorsally, lacking setae, separated from cerci; surstylus attached with venter of epandrium, variously shaped, mostly triangular or rounded anteriorly, bearing 1 to several strong setae towards or at anterior margin; cercus semicircular to oval; aedeagus in most species long, slender, bearing posterodorsal process, rarely oval in ventral view, usually conspicuously arched in lateral view; phallapodeme usually long and narrow, rarely triangular in lateral view; gonite fused with hypandrium, rarely bearing anteroventral seta, usually without setae; often arcuately triangular and tapered apically in lateral view; hypandrium shallow, directed perpendicularly [transversely] to gonites.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB63606682AFFF046BAFECBE1C04AEF" blockId="4.[151,1437,153,611]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
|
||
Discussion. Mathis and Zatwarnicki (2004) discussed and clarified the nomenclatural issues associated with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D85682AFFF046EAFE2FE3A04AB7" authorityName="Haliday in Curtis" authorityYear="1837" box="[151,247,405,431]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Hyadina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEA14682AFFF046EAFE2FE3A04AB7" box="[151,247,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Hyadina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and its synonyms. Although
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984BF7682AFFF0443AFE2FE0FD4AB7" author="Hollmann-Schirrmacher, V." box="[583,938,405,431]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" pagination="1 - 144" refId="ref23623" refString="Hollmann-Schirrmacher, V. (1998) Phylogeny of the subfamily Ilytheinae (Diptera, Ephydridae) with species reference to the genus Philygria. Studia dipterologica, Supplement 5, 1 - 144." type="journal article" year="1998">Hollmann-Schirrmacher (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
synonymized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D85682AFFF0422CFE2CE79F4AB7" authorityName="Becker" authorityYear="1896" box="[1105,1224,406,431]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Lytogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEA14682AFFF0422CFE2CE79F4AB7" box="[1105,1224,406,431]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Lytogaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEA14682AFFF04376FE2FE6244AB7" box="[1291,1395,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D85682AFFF04376FE2FE6394AB7" authorityName="Haliday in Curtis" authorityYear="1837" box="[1291,1390,405,431]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Hyadina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hyadina</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
we do not accept the basis for this synonymy (his interpretation of characters of the male terminalia) and do not follow his precedent (Mathis and Zatwarnicki 2004).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB63606682AFFF046BAFDBBE024497B" blockId="4.[151,1437,153,611]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
|
||
The fauna of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D85682AFFF04726FDBBE2EC4903" authorityName="Haliday in Curtis" authorityYear="1837" box="[347,443,513,539]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Hyadina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEA14682AFFF04726FDBBE2EC4903" box="[347,443,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Hyadina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E7696682AFFF04782FDBBE1C34903" box="[511,660,513,539]" name="New Zealand" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
comprises a single, undescribed species, and as noted previously, it is not to be confused with the two endemic species that were initially described in
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEA14682AFFF04261FD9FE7D34927" box="[1052,1156,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D85682AFFF04261FD9FE7D74927" authorityName="Haliday in Curtis" authorityYear="1837" box="[1052,1152,549,575]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Hyadina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hyadina</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
We are placing the latter two species in a separate genus (Mathis & Zatwarnicki, in press).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |