177 lines
19 KiB
XML
177 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="1A4BAD22AC5D0D652DB6F39107418D6B" ID-DOI="10.18590/euscorpius.2003.vol2003.iss11.1" ID-ISSN="1536-9307" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13237351" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1721353212353" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Soleglad, Michael E. & Fet, Victor" docDate="2003" docId="038A87D5D712F517FF615B6AFA81558E" docLanguage="en" docName="Euscorpius.11.1-175.pdf" docOrigin="Euscorpius 2003 (11)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.18590/euscorpius.2003.vol2003.iss11.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:05AD4CDCECA6C90C60787CEF3EC4672A.3:Euscorpius.2002-2019.journal_article" docStyleId="05AD4CDCECA6C90C60787CEF3EC4672A" docStyleName="Euscorpius.2002-2019.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Microcharmidae Lourenco 1996" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="91" masterDocId="FFB3FFADD74CF549FFA15E77FFB0560F" masterDocTitle="High-level systematics and phylogeny of the extant scorpions (Scorpiones: Orthosterni)" masterLastPageNumber="175" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="91" updateTime="1722954143772" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="5AA22FFC6BB2329741A6A2EC59B2BC2F">High-level systematics and phylogeny of the extant scorpions (Scorpiones: Orthosterni)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FC971ADDC69FF15CA522A5B18058468A">Fet, Victor</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="3C1F8D42F0E020308400CE5CA7BC2B0B">Euscorpius</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="6F51C9FDDBD51C3281AF0A3A7D1BA6EC">2003</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3CE5532712F2E383F47D5AD0C9E08FF6">2003</mods:number>
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<treatment id="038A87D5D712F517FF615B6AFA81558E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12785181" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12785181" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038A87D5D712F517FF615B6AFA81558E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A87D5D712F517FF615B6AFA81558E" lastPageNumber="91" pageId="94" pageNumber="91">
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<subSubSection id="C3396548D712F517FF615B6AFD3C533B" box="[192,652,1309,1332]" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D712F517FF615B6AFD3C533B" blockId="94.[192,802,1309,1884]" box="[192,652,1309,1332]" pageId="94" pageNumber="91">
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<heading id="D0D481AFD712F517FF615B6AFD3C533B" box="[192,652,1309,1332]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" reason="5">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D712F517FF615B6AFD3C533B" bold="true" box="[192,652,1309,1332]" pageId="94" pageNumber="91">
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Family
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D712F517FEB65B6AFD3C533B" ID-CoL="CQQ" authority="Lourenco, 1996" authorityName="Lourenco" authorityYear="1996" box="[279,652,1309,1332]" class="Arachnida" family="Microcharmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Microcharmidae Lourenço, 1996</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3396548D712F517FF515B4BFD01539F" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D712F517FF515B4BFD64535C" blockId="94.[192,802,1309,1884]" box="[240,724,1340,1363]" pageId="94" pageNumber="91">
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<typeStatus id="54988861D712F517FF515B4BFE95535C" box="[240,293,1340,1363]" pageId="94" pageNumber="91">Type</typeStatus>
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Genus.
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D712F517FE205B4BFD61535C" ID-CoL="5RLD" authority="Lourenco, 1995" authorityName="Lourenco" authorityYear="1995" box="[385,721,1340,1363]" class="Arachnida" family="Microcharmidae" genus="Microcharmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D712F517FE205B4BFDAE535C" box="[385,542,1340,1363]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="91">Microcharmus</emphasis>
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Lourenço, 1995
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D712F517FF515B2DFD01539F" blockId="94.[192,802,1309,1884]" pageId="94" pageNumber="91">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D712F517FF515B2DFE32537E" bold="true" box="[240,386,1370,1393]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="91">Composition.</emphasis>
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The family includes two genera,
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D712F517FD5A5B2DFEF0539F" ID-CoL="5RLD" authorityName="Lourenco" authorityYear="1995" class="Arachnida" family="Microcharmidae" genus="Microcharmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D712F517FD5A5B2DFEF0539F" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="91">Microcharmus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D712F517FED25B0EFD1E539F" ID-CoL="62F4" authority="(Fet, 2000 d)" baseAuthorityName="Fet" baseAuthorityYear="2000" box="[371,686,1401,1424]" class="Arachnida" family="Microcharmidae" genus="Neoprotobuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D712F517FED25B0EFDAF539F" box="[371,543,1401,1424]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="91">Neoprotobuthus</emphasis>
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(Fet, 2000d)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3396548D712F517FF515BEFFB2656F2" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D712F517FF515BEFFDBB53A0" blockId="94.[192,802,1309,1884]" box="[240,523,1432,1455]" pageId="94" pageNumber="91">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D712F517FF515BEFFEC553A0" bold="true" box="[240,373,1432,1455]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="91">Distribution</emphasis>
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.
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<collectingCountry id="F3347653D712F517FE225BEFFDB753A0" box="[387,519,1432,1455]" name="Madagascar" pageId="94" pageNumber="91">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D712F517FF515BC1FD905110" blockId="94.[192,802,1309,1884]" pageId="94" pageNumber="91">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D712F517FF515BC1FE7853C2" bold="true" box="[240,456,1462,1485]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="91">Taxonomic history</emphasis>
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. This family was first introduced as a monotypic subfamily of
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D712F517FDE55BA2FD1453E3" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1837" box="[580,676,1493,1516]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Buthidae</taxonomicName>
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(Lourenço, 1996a), and later elevated to the family rank (Lourenço, 1998a), with only a preliminary justification. Lourenço (1998b) also included in
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D712F517FE755846FD345047" authorityName="Lourenco" authorityYear="1996" box="[468,644,1585,1608]" class="Arachnida" family="Microcharmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Microcharmidae</taxonomicName>
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the subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D712F517FF615827FEC35068" box="[192,371,1616,1639]" class="Arachnida" family="Microcharmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Akentrobuthinae">Akentrobuthinae</taxonomicName>
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(with a single African genus,
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D712F517FD655827FEB7508A" authorityName="Lamoral" authorityYear="1976" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Akentrobuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D712F517FD655827FEB7508A" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="91">Akentrobuthus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) (Fet, 2000d). Later, however, Lourenço (2000b) transferred
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D712F517FE9C58FAFE6950AB" authorityName="Lamoral" authorityYear="1976" box="[317,473,1677,1700]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Akentrobuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D712F517FE9C58FAFE6950AB" box="[317,473,1677,1700]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="91">Akentrobuthus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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back to
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D712F517FD9F58FAFD1250AB" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1837" box="[574,674,1677,1700]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Buthidae</taxonomicName>
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. Since subfamilies in
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D712F517FE9B58DBFE2B50CC" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1837" box="[314,411,1708,1731]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Buthidae</taxonomicName>
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are currently not defined, the status of
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D712F517FF4658BDFE2B50EE" box="[231,411,1738,1761]" class="Arachnida" family="Microcharmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Akentrobuthinae">Akentrobuthinae</taxonomicName>
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remains undetermined. An additional genus,
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D712F517FEF6589EFDB3510F" baseAuthorityName="Fet" baseAuthorityYear="2000" box="[343,515,1769,1792]" class="Arachnida" family="Microcharmidae" genus="Neoprotobuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D712F517FEF6589EFDB3510F" box="[343,515,1769,1792]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="91">Neoprotobuthus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, was described in
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D712F517FD79589EFE9F5110" authorityName="Lourenco" authorityYear="1996" class="Arachnida" family="Microcharmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Microcharmidae</taxonomicName>
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by Lourenço (2002b).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D712F517FF515951FC915153" blockId="94.[192,802,1309,1884]" pageId="94" pageNumber="91">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D712F517FF515951FE555132" bold="true" box="[240,485,1830,1853]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="91">Biogeographic history</emphasis>
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. Lourenço (1996a) discussed in detail scorpion taxa endemic to
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<collectingCountry id="F3347653D712F517FDEC5932FD615153" box="[589,721,1861,1884]" name="Madagascar" pageId="94" pageNumber="91">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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, which
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D712F517FC9F5EB0FB2656F2" blockId="94.[830,1441,199,897]" pageId="94" pageNumber="91">generally are related to the African fauna and diverged with the split of Gondwanaland.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3396548D712F517FCCF5F73FA2F5799" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D712F517FCCF5F73FA2F5799" blockId="94.[830,1441,199,897]" pageId="94" pageNumber="91">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D712F517FCCF5F73FC6C5714" bold="true" box="[878,988,260,283]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="91">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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. A diagnosis cannot be provided as justifying a separate family.
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D712F517FBE05F54FB415735" authorityName="Lourenco" authorityYear="1996" box="[1089,1265,291,314]" class="Arachnida" family="Microcharmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Microcharmidae</taxonomicName>
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were defined as a subfamily of
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D712F517FC4B5F35FBFA5756" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1837" box="[1002,1098,322,345]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Buthidae</taxonomicName>
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by Lourenço (1996a: 27), and further as a family (Lourenço, 1998a: 845–847), but the given features are not diagnostic even at subfamily level.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3396548D712F517FCCF5FE9FA81558E" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D712F517FCCF5FE9FC695484" blockId="94.[830,1441,199,897]" pageId="94" pageNumber="91">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D712F517FCCF5FE9FC5657BA" bold="true" box="[878,998,414,437]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="91">Discussion</emphasis>
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. Lourenço (1996b, 1996d) suggested that the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D712F517FC4B5FCBFB3757DC" authorityName="Lourenco" authorityYear="1995" box="[1002,1159,444,467]" class="Arachnida" family="Microcharmidae" genus="Microcharmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D712F517FC4B5FCBFB3757DC" box="[1002,1159,444,467]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="91">Microcharmus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is closely related to the Indian genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D712F517FC765FACFB8957FD" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1879" box="[983,1081,475,498]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Charmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D712F517FC765FACFB8957FD" box="[983,1081,475,498]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="91">Charmus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D712F517FBEA5FACFB0157FD" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1837" box="[1099,1201,475,498]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Buthidae</taxonomicName>
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), which would correspond to the Gondwanaland origin of the group but violates the monophyly of
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D712F517FBEC5C6FFB015420" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1837" box="[1101,1201,536,559]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Buthidae</taxonomicName>
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. The relationship between
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D712F517FC2F5C40FB8E5441" authorityName="Lourenco" authorityYear="1996" box="[910,1086,567,590]" class="Arachnida" family="Microcharmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Microcharmidae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D712F517FB245C40FB555441" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1837" box="[1157,1253,567,590]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Buthidae</taxonomicName>
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is also unclear since there was no combined phylogenetic analysis of these families.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D712F517FCCF5CE4FA81558E" blockId="94.[830,1441,199,897]" pageId="94" pageNumber="91">
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R. Teruel (pers. comm., 1999; Fet, 2000d: 421) noticed that
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D712F517FC0A5CC5FBEE54C6" box="[939,1118,690,713]" class="Arachnida" family="Microcharmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Akentrobuthinae">Akentrobuthinae</taxonomicName>
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Lamoral, 1976 had a priority over
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D712F517FCDB5CA7FB5954E8" authority="Lourenco, 1996" authorityName="Lourenco" authorityYear="1996" box="[890,1257,720,743]" class="Arachnida" family="Microcharmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Microcharmidae Lourenço, 1996</taxonomicName>
|
||
; therefore when Lourenço (1998b) decided to include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D712F517FB705C98FA345509" box="[1233,1412,751,774]" class="Arachnida" family="Microcharmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Akentrobuthinae">Akentrobuthinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D712F517FC9F5D79FC41552A" authorityName="Lourenco" authorityYear="1996" box="[830,1009,782,805]" class="Arachnida" family="Microcharmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Microcharmidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the combined family name should have been changed to Akentrobuthidae. However, since
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D712F517FC9F5D3CFC41556D" box="[830,1009,843,866]" class="Arachnida" family="Microcharmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Akentrobuthinae">Akentrobuthinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
was transferred back to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D712F517FAB95D3CFAC8556D" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1837" box="[1304,1400,843,866]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Buthidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Lourenço (2000b), no such change is required.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |