treatments-xml/data/03/8A/87/038A87D5D712F517FF615B6AFA81558E.xml

177 lines
19 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="1A4BAD22AC5D0D652DB6F39107418D6B" ID-DOI="10.18590/euscorpius.2003.vol2003.iss11.1" ID-ISSN="1536-9307" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13237351" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1721353212353" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Soleglad, Michael E. &amp; Fet, Victor" docDate="2003" docId="038A87D5D712F517FF615B6AFA81558E" docLanguage="en" docName="Euscorpius.11.1-175.pdf" docOrigin="Euscorpius 2003 (11)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.18590/euscorpius.2003.vol2003.iss11.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:05AD4CDCECA6C90C60787CEF3EC4672A.3:Euscorpius.2002-2019.journal_article" docStyleId="05AD4CDCECA6C90C60787CEF3EC4672A" docStyleName="Euscorpius.2002-2019.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Microcharmidae Lourenco 1996" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="91" masterDocId="FFB3FFADD74CF549FFA15E77FFB0560F" masterDocTitle="High-level systematics and phylogeny of the extant scorpions (Scorpiones: Orthosterni)" masterLastPageNumber="175" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="91" updateTime="1722954143772" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="F09F79060E745FF625E4538F88ECE3C2" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="A0803F2E6110D995872874D4FB29C95D">
<mods:title id="5AA22FFC6BB2329741A6A2EC59B2BC2F">High-level systematics and phylogeny of the extant scorpions (Scorpiones: Orthosterni)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="E7AFBF4ABDC49B573EF7EB0ACEA54425" type="personal">
<mods:role id="7113D478A28217B9C1CDEA301736AAC9">
<mods:roleTerm id="A4E708CDD4E4C2AE95D72EA3FCE0AF4E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="B0572212BC31F2BCAE6C0F4C53E98589">Soleglad, Michael E.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="E40A0A86AC0E9DCA6E87E2C7862DE7C5" type="personal">
<mods:role id="F662C2A75D4127A3B9312F2CCF886481">
<mods:roleTerm id="BFAF2C6B9673FBE2156CC2D4F7425A78">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="FC971ADDC69FF15CA522A5B18058468A">Fet, Victor</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="1B50C44125197A1D6ABC79FE009C2059">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="587C902AC53510975D64324C8CEF83C9" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="78B43E35EE08279A1818FA38EF0D4EA4">
<mods:title id="3C1F8D42F0E020308400CE5CA7BC2B0B">Euscorpius</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="419CDE67AB4B6D7FBABF873D965F388A">
<mods:date id="6F51C9FDDBD51C3281AF0A3A7D1BA6EC">2003</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="1EBF406F72E7682A2B35EADC7F2C9F22" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="3A979BBA135AE8675FAA05F7251A47DD">2003-12-26</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="34FBF9CE08AC1E6A4B79877368CF0CB6" type="volume">
<mods:number id="3CE5532712F2E383F47D5AD0C9E08FF6">2003</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="61D7045C8AEB43D204B83D977079D863" type="issue">
<mods:number id="6520EC868ADED3DF2CE28A5AF3B85DA1">11</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="D042D5A1FB12731F5D8759FD6E748F09" unit="page">
<mods:start id="885C97669B14BAC67995C85B2BBC5212">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="7E95482A63290DB3D1A1008C5A7DBE96">175</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="4DE7DACEE3865B5FAB3C345BE62810A0">
<mods:url id="8EDFBBCB99392D1F5429C9ACC849609A">http://dx.doi.org/10.18590/euscorpius.2003.vol2003.iss11.1</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="6A115ADA8ADF821DC545D7EAE55333E3">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="7A7011DAE19053CBA56F86BECD31613E" type="DOI">10.18590/euscorpius.2003.vol2003.iss11.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="60BB84D39C9859D190CFFE96864615AD" type="ISSN">1536-9307</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="81AB6A5CF0EDC9A4E53962D2DFF9FF81" type="Zenodo-Dep">13237351</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="48A8A6B05F765B48F897BC97A7F9C6DB" type="ZooBank">86191695-B841-4C9D-BFF2-CBC76D1861BA</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="038A87D5D712F517FF615B6AFA81558E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12785181" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12785181" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038A87D5D712F517FF615B6AFA81558E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A87D5D712F517FF615B6AFA81558E" lastPageNumber="91" pageId="94" pageNumber="91">
<subSubSection id="C3396548D712F517FF615B6AFD3C533B" box="[192,652,1309,1332]" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D712F517FF615B6AFD3C533B" blockId="94.[192,802,1309,1884]" box="[192,652,1309,1332]" pageId="94" pageNumber="91">
<heading id="D0D481AFD712F517FF615B6AFD3C533B" box="[192,652,1309,1332]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" reason="5">
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D712F517FF615B6AFD3C533B" bold="true" box="[192,652,1309,1332]" pageId="94" pageNumber="91">
Family
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D712F517FEB65B6AFD3C533B" ID-CoL="CQQ" authority="Lourenco, 1996" authorityName="Lourenco" authorityYear="1996" box="[279,652,1309,1332]" class="Arachnida" family="Microcharmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Microcharmidae Lourenço, 1996</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3396548D712F517FF515B4BFD01539F" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D712F517FF515B4BFD64535C" blockId="94.[192,802,1309,1884]" box="[240,724,1340,1363]" pageId="94" pageNumber="91">
<typeStatus id="54988861D712F517FF515B4BFE95535C" box="[240,293,1340,1363]" pageId="94" pageNumber="91">Type</typeStatus>
Genus.
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D712F517FE205B4BFD61535C" ID-CoL="5RLD" authority="Lourenco, 1995" authorityName="Lourenco" authorityYear="1995" box="[385,721,1340,1363]" class="Arachnida" family="Microcharmidae" genus="Microcharmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D712F517FE205B4BFDAE535C" box="[385,542,1340,1363]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="91">Microcharmus</emphasis>
Lourenço, 1995
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D712F517FF515B2DFD01539F" blockId="94.[192,802,1309,1884]" pageId="94" pageNumber="91">
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D712F517FF515B2DFE32537E" bold="true" box="[240,386,1370,1393]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="91">Composition.</emphasis>
The family includes two genera,
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D712F517FD5A5B2DFEF0539F" ID-CoL="5RLD" authorityName="Lourenco" authorityYear="1995" class="Arachnida" family="Microcharmidae" genus="Microcharmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D712F517FD5A5B2DFEF0539F" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="91">Microcharmus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D712F517FED25B0EFD1E539F" ID-CoL="62F4" authority="(Fet, 2000 d)" baseAuthorityName="Fet" baseAuthorityYear="2000" box="[371,686,1401,1424]" class="Arachnida" family="Microcharmidae" genus="Neoprotobuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D712F517FED25B0EFDAF539F" box="[371,543,1401,1424]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="91">Neoprotobuthus</emphasis>
(Fet, 2000d)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3396548D712F517FF515BEFFB2656F2" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D712F517FF515BEFFDBB53A0" blockId="94.[192,802,1309,1884]" box="[240,523,1432,1455]" pageId="94" pageNumber="91">
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D712F517FF515BEFFEC553A0" bold="true" box="[240,373,1432,1455]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="91">Distribution</emphasis>
.
<collectingCountry id="F3347653D712F517FE225BEFFDB753A0" box="[387,519,1432,1455]" name="Madagascar" pageId="94" pageNumber="91">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D712F517FF515BC1FD905110" blockId="94.[192,802,1309,1884]" pageId="94" pageNumber="91">
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D712F517FF515BC1FE7853C2" bold="true" box="[240,456,1462,1485]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="91">Taxonomic history</emphasis>
. This family was first introduced as a monotypic subfamily of
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D712F517FDE55BA2FD1453E3" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1837" box="[580,676,1493,1516]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Buthidae</taxonomicName>
(Lourenço, 1996a), and later elevated to the family rank (Lourenço, 1998a), with only a preliminary justification. Lourenço (1998b) also included in
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D712F517FE755846FD345047" authorityName="Lourenco" authorityYear="1996" box="[468,644,1585,1608]" class="Arachnida" family="Microcharmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Microcharmidae</taxonomicName>
the subfamily
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D712F517FF615827FEC35068" box="[192,371,1616,1639]" class="Arachnida" family="Microcharmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Akentrobuthinae">Akentrobuthinae</taxonomicName>
(with a single African genus,
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D712F517FD655827FEB7508A" authorityName="Lamoral" authorityYear="1976" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Akentrobuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D712F517FD655827FEB7508A" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="91">Akentrobuthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (Fet, 2000d). Later, however, Lourenço (2000b) transferred
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D712F517FE9C58FAFE6950AB" authorityName="Lamoral" authorityYear="1976" box="[317,473,1677,1700]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Akentrobuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D712F517FE9C58FAFE6950AB" box="[317,473,1677,1700]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="91">Akentrobuthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
back to
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D712F517FD9F58FAFD1250AB" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1837" box="[574,674,1677,1700]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Buthidae</taxonomicName>
. Since subfamilies in
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D712F517FE9B58DBFE2B50CC" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1837" box="[314,411,1708,1731]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Buthidae</taxonomicName>
are currently not defined, the status of
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D712F517FF4658BDFE2B50EE" box="[231,411,1738,1761]" class="Arachnida" family="Microcharmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Akentrobuthinae">Akentrobuthinae</taxonomicName>
remains undetermined. An additional genus,
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D712F517FEF6589EFDB3510F" baseAuthorityName="Fet" baseAuthorityYear="2000" box="[343,515,1769,1792]" class="Arachnida" family="Microcharmidae" genus="Neoprotobuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D712F517FEF6589EFDB3510F" box="[343,515,1769,1792]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="91">Neoprotobuthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, was described in
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D712F517FD79589EFE9F5110" authorityName="Lourenco" authorityYear="1996" class="Arachnida" family="Microcharmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Microcharmidae</taxonomicName>
by Lourenço (2002b).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D712F517FF515951FC915153" blockId="94.[192,802,1309,1884]" pageId="94" pageNumber="91">
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D712F517FF515951FE555132" bold="true" box="[240,485,1830,1853]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="91">Biogeographic history</emphasis>
. Lourenço (1996a) discussed in detail scorpion taxa endemic to
<collectingCountry id="F3347653D712F517FDEC5932FD615153" box="[589,721,1861,1884]" name="Madagascar" pageId="94" pageNumber="91">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, which
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D712F517FC9F5EB0FB2656F2" blockId="94.[830,1441,199,897]" pageId="94" pageNumber="91">generally are related to the African fauna and diverged with the split of Gondwanaland.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3396548D712F517FCCF5F73FA2F5799" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D712F517FCCF5F73FA2F5799" blockId="94.[830,1441,199,897]" pageId="94" pageNumber="91">
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D712F517FCCF5F73FC6C5714" bold="true" box="[878,988,260,283]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="91">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. A diagnosis cannot be provided as justifying a separate family.
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D712F517FBE05F54FB415735" authorityName="Lourenco" authorityYear="1996" box="[1089,1265,291,314]" class="Arachnida" family="Microcharmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Microcharmidae</taxonomicName>
were defined as a subfamily of
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D712F517FC4B5F35FBFA5756" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1837" box="[1002,1098,322,345]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Buthidae</taxonomicName>
by Lourenço (1996a: 27), and further as a family (Lourenço, 1998a: 845847), but the given features are not diagnostic even at subfamily level.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3396548D712F517FCCF5FE9FA81558E" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D712F517FCCF5FE9FC695484" blockId="94.[830,1441,199,897]" pageId="94" pageNumber="91">
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D712F517FCCF5FE9FC5657BA" bold="true" box="[878,998,414,437]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="91">Discussion</emphasis>
. Lourenço (1996b, 1996d) suggested that the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D712F517FC4B5FCBFB3757DC" authorityName="Lourenco" authorityYear="1995" box="[1002,1159,444,467]" class="Arachnida" family="Microcharmidae" genus="Microcharmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D712F517FC4B5FCBFB3757DC" box="[1002,1159,444,467]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="91">Microcharmus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is closely related to the Indian genus
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D712F517FC765FACFB8957FD" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1879" box="[983,1081,475,498]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Charmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D712F517FC765FACFB8957FD" box="[983,1081,475,498]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="91">Charmus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D712F517FBEA5FACFB0157FD" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1837" box="[1099,1201,475,498]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Buthidae</taxonomicName>
), which would correspond to the Gondwanaland origin of the group but violates the monophyly of
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D712F517FBEC5C6FFB015420" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1837" box="[1101,1201,536,559]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Buthidae</taxonomicName>
. The relationship between
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D712F517FC2F5C40FB8E5441" authorityName="Lourenco" authorityYear="1996" box="[910,1086,567,590]" class="Arachnida" family="Microcharmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Microcharmidae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D712F517FB245C40FB555441" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1837" box="[1157,1253,567,590]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Buthidae</taxonomicName>
is also unclear since there was no combined phylogenetic analysis of these families.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D712F517FCCF5CE4FA81558E" blockId="94.[830,1441,199,897]" pageId="94" pageNumber="91">
R. Teruel (pers. comm., 1999; Fet, 2000d: 421) noticed that
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D712F517FC0A5CC5FBEE54C6" box="[939,1118,690,713]" class="Arachnida" family="Microcharmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Akentrobuthinae">Akentrobuthinae</taxonomicName>
Lamoral, 1976 had a priority over
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D712F517FCDB5CA7FB5954E8" authority="Lourenco, 1996" authorityName="Lourenco" authorityYear="1996" box="[890,1257,720,743]" class="Arachnida" family="Microcharmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Microcharmidae Lourenço, 1996</taxonomicName>
; therefore when Lourenço (1998b) decided to include
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D712F517FB705C98FA345509" box="[1233,1412,751,774]" class="Arachnida" family="Microcharmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Akentrobuthinae">Akentrobuthinae</taxonomicName>
in
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D712F517FC9F5D79FC41552A" authorityName="Lourenco" authorityYear="1996" box="[830,1009,782,805]" class="Arachnida" family="Microcharmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Microcharmidae</taxonomicName>
, the combined family name should have been changed to Akentrobuthidae. However, since
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D712F517FC9F5D3CFC41556D" box="[830,1009,843,866]" class="Arachnida" family="Microcharmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Akentrobuthinae">Akentrobuthinae</taxonomicName>
was transferred back to
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D712F517FAB95D3CFAC8556D" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1837" box="[1304,1400,843,866]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="94" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Buthidae</taxonomicName>
by Lourenço (2000b), no such change is required.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>