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<document id="1A7A551A08CA4C5011D90F84364F8034" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3630.3.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b701e307-8a8d-4539-8ed6-53024e4fbf19" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="221768" ID-ZooBank="D8DEB0C1-81EF-47DF-9A16-4C03B7AF83AA" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460584618620" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Leonardi, Maria Soledad &amp; Palma, Ricardo Luis" docDate="2013" docId="038A8782431EFFB2FF304FC810BE5FC1" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03630p466.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3630 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Proechinophthirus fluctus Ferris 1916" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="454" masterDocId="FFB3FFFA4317FFBBFFA74F5F142F5B14" masterDocTitle="Review of the systematics, biology and ecology of lice from pinnipeds and river otters (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Anoplura: Echinophthiriidae)" masterLastPageNumber="466" masterPageNumber="445" pageNumber="454" updateTime="1698324898686" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="7EEAD72A82395893A9FD74E5D16583EC">Review of the systematics, biology and ecology of lice from pinnipeds and river otters (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Anoplura: Echinophthiriidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6484CEDCD129CF861D5C8396CDA1031B">Leonardi, Maria Soledad</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F097E83D25F1B7301484E1F689865A64">Palma, Ricardo Luis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="D78B36BF411A9A3F2F825D636004530F">2013</mods:date>
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<treatment id="038A8782431EFFB2FF304FC810BE5FC1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6147810" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119564242" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6147810" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038A8782431EFFB2FF304FC810BE5FC1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A8782431EFFB2FF304FC810BE5FC1" lastPageNumber="454" pageId="9" pageNumber="454">
<subSubSection id="C339651F431EFFB2FF304FC810E65BE0" pageId="9" pageNumber="454" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9C3694431EFFB2FF304FC816AA5BA5" blockId="9.[151,645,151,177]" box="[151,645,151,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="454">
<heading id="D0D481F8431EFFB2FF304FC816AA5BA5" bold="true" box="[151,645,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="454" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C234D17431EFFB2FF304FC816AA5BA5" authority="Ferris, 1916" authorityName="Ferris" authorityYear="1916" box="[151,645,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Echinophthiriidae" genus="Proechinophthirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fluctus">
<emphasis id="B957EA86431EFFB2FF304FC816AA5BA5" bold="true" box="[151,645,151,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="454">
<emphasis id="B957EA86431EFFB2FF304FC815FA5BA5" bold="true" box="[151,469,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="454">Proechinophthirus fluctus</emphasis>
(Ferris, 1916)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C3694431EFFB2FF304F8010E65BE0" blockId="9.[151,1436,222,520]" box="[151,1225,222,245]" pageId="9" pageNumber="454">
<taxonomicName id="4C234D17431EFFB2FF304F8016695BE0" authority="Ferris, 1916b: 366" authorityName="Ferris" authorityPageNumber="366" authorityYear="1916" box="[151,582,222,245]" class="Insecta" family="Echinophthiriidae" genus="Echinophthirius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fluctus">
<emphasis id="B957EA86431EFFB2FF304F8015AB5BE1" box="[151,388,223,245]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="454">Echinophthirius fluctus</emphasis>
Ferris, 1916b: 366
</taxonomicName>
, figs 14. McAtee 1923: 142; Freund 1928: 17; Ass 1934: 103.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C339651F431EFFB2FF304FA215B7591C" pageId="9" pageNumber="454" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9C3694431EFFB2FF304FA216725ADE" blockId="9.[151,1436,222,520]" pageId="9" pageNumber="454">
<taxonomicName id="4C234D17431EFFB2FF304FA216105A07" authority="(Ferris, 1916b)" baseAuthorityName="Ferris" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[151,575,253,275]" class="Insecta" family="Echinophthiriidae" genus="Proechinophthirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fluctus">
<emphasis id="B957EA86431EFFB2FF304FA215B15A07" box="[151,414,253,275]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="454">Proechinophthirus fluctus</emphasis>
(Ferris, 1916b)
</taxonomicName>
; Ewing 1923: 149; Ferris 1934: 481, figs 279281; Hopkins 1949: 508; Ferris 1951: 81, fig. 36; Jellison 1952: 274; Margolis 1954: 277; Jellison &amp; Milner 1958: 200; King 1964: 139; Keyes 1965: 1094; Spencer 1966: 24; Miller 1971: 670, figs 1218; Kim 1971: 286, figs 2740; Kim 1972: 2028, figs 13; Margolis &amp; Dailey 1972: 14; Kim
<emphasis id="B957EA86431EFFB2FEF84E0515BD5A7B" box="[351,402,345,367]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="454">et al.</emphasis>
1974: 281; Kim 1975: 504, figs 342348; Kim
<emphasis id="B957EA86431EFFB2FCD64E05178B5A7B" box="[881,932,345,367]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="454">et al.</emphasis>
1975: 547; Murray 1976: 92, fig. 4.3; Lyons
<emphasis id="B957EA86431EFFB2FACD4E0511B35A7B" box="[1386,1436,345,367]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="454">et al.</emphasis>
1978: 455; Lyons
<emphasis id="B957EA86431EFFB2FEDA4E26159F5A9A" box="[381,432,376,398]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="454">et al.</emphasis>
1980: 56;
<collectingCountry id="F3347604431EFFB2FDBB4E2716595A9A" box="[540,630,376,398]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="9" pageNumber="454">Marshall</collectingCountry>
1981: 175, 247, 292; Kim 1982b: 125; King 1983: 203; Kim 1985: 201; Kim
<emphasis id="B957EA86431EFFB2FA2D4E2614CE5AB9" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="454">et al.</emphasis>
1986: 54, pl. 6; Kim 1987: 230, figs 23.2023.23; Kim 1988: 108109; Durden &amp; Musser 1994a: 8; Durden &amp; Musser 1994b: 140; Light
<emphasis id="B957EA86431EFFB2FE234EE915985ADF" box="[388,439,437,459]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="454">et al.</emphasis>
2010: 296, 298.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C3694431EFFB2FF304E8B15B7591C" blockId="9.[151,1436,222,520]" pageId="9" pageNumber="454">
<taxonomicName id="4C234D17431EFFB2FF304E8B17625AFD" authority="Blagoveshtchensky, 1966: 808" authorityName="Blagoveshtchensky" authorityPageNumber="808" authorityYear="1966" box="[151,845,467,490]" class="Insecta" family="Echinophthiriidae" genus="Proechinophthirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="fluctus" subSpecies="ochotensis">
<emphasis id="B957EA86431EFFB2FF304E8B16205AFE" box="[151,527,468,490]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="454">Proechinophthirus fluctus ochotensis</emphasis>
Blagoveshtchensky, 1966: 808
</taxonomicName>
, figs 1012. Zarubina 1986: 374, fig. 196.6. Synonymised by Kim (1971: 286).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C339651F431EFFB2FF304D6A17F05815" pageId="9" pageNumber="454" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9C3694431EFFB2FF304D6A108D5981" blockId="9.[151,1436,565,1237]" pageId="9" pageNumber="454">
<emphasis id="B957EA86431EFFB2FF304D6A15375959" bold="true" box="[151,280,565,589]" pageId="9" pageNumber="454">
<typeStatus id="54988836431EFFB2FF304D6A14FD5959" box="[151,210,565,589]" pageId="9" pageNumber="454">Type</typeStatus>
host.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C234D17431EFFB2FE824D6916FB5959" authority="Schreber, 1776" authorityName="Schreber" authorityYear="1776" box="[293,724,565,589]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Eumetopias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="454" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jubatus">
<emphasis id="B957EA86431EFFB2FE824D6916255959" box="[293,522,565,589]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="454">Eumetopias jubatus</emphasis>
(Schreber, 1776)
</taxonomicName>
—Northern sea lion, in error. The
<typeStatus id="54988836431EFFB2FBD84D691080595A" box="[1151,1199,566,590]" pageId="9" pageNumber="454">type</typeStatus>
series of
<taxonomicName id="4C234D17431EFFB2FA884D6911B45959" box="[1327,1435,565,589]" class="Insecta" family="Echinophthiriidae" genus="Proechinophthirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fluctus">
<emphasis id="B957EA86431EFFB2FA884D6911B45959" box="[1327,1435,565,589]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="454">P. fluctus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
originated from a skin held in the Stanford University Zoology Museum. According to Ferris (1934), it is likely that the skin had been misidentified and that it was a northern fur seal (
<taxonomicName id="4C234D17431EFFB2FC144D2210BE5981" box="[947,1169,637,661]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Callorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="454" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ursinus">
<emphasis id="B957EA86431EFFB2FC144D2210BE5981" box="[947,1169,637,661]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="454">Callorhinus ursinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C3694431EFFB2FF6E4DFD100859AD" blockId="9.[151,1436,565,1237]" box="[201,1063,673,698]" pageId="9" pageNumber="454">
<emphasis id="B957EA86431EFFB2FF6E4DFD154A59AE" bold="true" box="[201,357,673,698]" pageId="9" pageNumber="454">
<typeStatus id="54988836431EFFB2FF6E4DFD152D59AE" box="[201,258,674,698]" pageId="9" pageNumber="454">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
Not given; presumably Alaska, according to Kim (1971: 286).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C3694431EFFB2FF6E4D9A114959C9" blockId="9.[151,1436,565,1237]" box="[201,1382,709,734]" pageId="9" pageNumber="454">
<emphasis id="B957EA86431EFFB2FF6E4D9A15E159C9" bold="true" box="[201,462,709,734]" pageId="9" pageNumber="454">
<typeStatus id="54988836431EFFB2FF6E4D9A152B59C9" box="[201,260,709,733]" pageId="9" pageNumber="454">Type</typeStatus>
specimen/s data.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54988836431EFFB2FE724D9A161359C9" box="[469,572,709,733]" pageId="9" pageNumber="454" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
Ƥ and nymphs, deposited in EMEC under numbers 57973 and 52227.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C3694431EFFB2FF6E4DB617F05815" blockId="9.[151,1436,565,1237]" box="[201,991,745,770]" pageId="9" pageNumber="454">
<emphasis id="B957EA86431EFFB2FF6E4DB6157F5816" bold="true" box="[201,336,745,770]" pageId="9" pageNumber="454">Other host.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C234D17431EFFB2FEF04DB616D85815" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[343,759,745,769]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Callorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="454" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ursinus">
<emphasis id="B957EA86431EFFB2FEF04DB6161A5815" box="[343,565,745,769]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="454">Callorhinus ursinus</emphasis>
(Linnaeus, 1758)
</taxonomicName>
—Northern fur seal.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C339651F431EFFB2FF6E4C5215315F35" pageId="9" pageNumber="454" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9C3694431EFFB2FF6E4C52178D5831" blockId="9.[151,1436,565,1237]" box="[201,930,781,806]" pageId="9" pageNumber="454">
<emphasis id="B957EA86431EFFB2FF6E4C5215DE5832" bold="true" box="[201,497,781,806]" pageId="9" pageNumber="454">Geographic distribution.</emphasis>
North Pacific Ocean and Bearing Sea.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C3694431EFFB2FF6E4C6E15315F35" blockId="9.[151,1436,565,1237]" pageId="9" pageNumber="454">
<emphasis id="B957EA86431EFFB2FF6E4C6E15FD585E" bold="true" box="[201,466,817,842]" pageId="9" pageNumber="454">Significant references.</emphasis>
Ferris (1934: 481, synonymy, description, figures, hosts); Ferris (1951: 81, synonymy, figures, hosts); Miller (1971: 670, scanning electron microscopy of antennae); Kim (1971: 286, detailed descriptions and illustrations of adults and nymphs); Kim (1972: 2027, population dynamics); Kim
<emphasis id="B957EA86431EFFB2FAA84C2511655885" box="[1295,1354,889,913]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="454">et al.</emphasis>
(1974: 281, mercury contamination); Kim (1975: 504, ecology; adaptation; population dynamics); Lyons
<emphasis id="B957EA86431EFFB2FB794CC1113A58A1" box="[1246,1301,925,949]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="454">et al.</emphasis>
(1978: 463, control by pesticides); Kim
<emphasis id="B957EA86431EFFB2FE694C9D162958CD" box="[462,518,961,985]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="454">et al.</emphasis>
(1986: 52, redescription, figures, biology); Kim (1987: 230, figures of egg and all nymphal stages); Durden &amp; Musser (1994a: 8, synonymy, hosts, distribution); Light
<emphasis id="B957EA86431EFFB2FB2B4CB910E458E9" box="[1164,1227,997,1021]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="454">et al.</emphasis>
(2010: 296, 298, phylogeny).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C339651F431EFFB2FF6E4B7210BE5FC1" pageId="9" pageNumber="454" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9C3694431EFFB2FF6E4B72106C5F9A" blockId="9.[151,1436,565,1237]" pageId="9" pageNumber="454">
<emphasis id="B957EA86431EFFB2FF6E4B7215125F51" bold="true" box="[201,317,1069,1093]" pageId="9" pageNumber="454">Remarks.</emphasis>
Kim (1971: 286) refers to a “
<typeStatus id="54988836431EFFB2FD2B4B7216D85F51" box="[652,759,1069,1093]" pageId="9" pageNumber="454" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male” but Ferris (1916b: 368) did not designate a
<typeStatus id="54988836431EFFB2FA944B7211B75F51" box="[1331,1432,1069,1093]" pageId="9" pageNumber="454" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, he only wrote “
<typeStatus id="54988836431EFFB2FEEE4B0E15BF5F7D" box="[329,400,1105,1129]" pageId="9" pageNumber="454">Types</typeStatus>
, a mature male and a mature female” and then a “
<typeStatus id="54988836431EFFB2FC7F4B0E10125F7D" box="[984,1085,1105,1129]" pageId="9" pageNumber="454" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
” from another source. Ferriss statement cannot be taken as designating a
<typeStatus id="54988836431EFFB2FDDD4B2A16CF5F99" box="[634,736,1141,1165]" pageId="9" pageNumber="454" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
; therefore they are all
<typeStatus id="54988836431EFFB2FC7D4B29106F5F9A" box="[986,1088,1142,1166]" pageId="9" pageNumber="454" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C3694431EFFB2FF6E4BC610BE5FC1" blockId="9.[151,1436,565,1237]" pageId="9" pageNumber="454">
Jellison (1952: 274) reported two Arctic foxes (
<taxonomicName id="4C234D17431EFFB2FD444BC610A55FA5" authority="Merriam 1902" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1902" box="[739,1162,1177,1201]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Alopex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="454" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pribilofensis">
<emphasis id="B957EA86431EFFB2FD444BC617EA5FA5" box="[739,965,1177,1201]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="454">Alopex pribilofensis</emphasis>
(Merriam 1902))
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="4C234D17431EFFB2FB6C4BC614CD5FC1" class="Insecta" family="Echinophthiriidae" genus="Proechinophthirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fluctus">
<emphasis id="B957EA86431EFFB2FB6C4BC614CD5FC1" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="454">Proechinophthirus fluctus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
originating from northern fur seals, due to the foxes habit of feeding on dead seals.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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