treatments-xml/data/03/B4/BE/03B4BE601C4B5908883FFEDAA0644E3F.xml

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<mods:title id="2E2225B4638A1D4869A2FB6842FF7FC6">New genera and host plant records of Asteraceae­feeding Tephritidae (Diptera) from Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3AE466359D6275D6899BBB000C54480E">Norrbom, Allen L.</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="8BA20F761C4B590D883FFEDAA1FA4904" blockId="3.[264,898,283,345]" box="[264,898,283,310]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<heading id="D0EAB81A1C4B590D883FFEDAA1FA4904" bold="true" box="[264,898,283,310]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B969D3641C4B590D883FFEDAA1FA4904" bold="true" box="[264,898,283,310]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C1D74F51C4B590D883FFEDAA09B4904" ID-CoL="VFPF" authority="Norrbom &amp; Prado" authorityName="Norrbom &amp; Prado" box="[264,739,283,310]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Cipomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="totofusca" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B969D3641C4B590D883FFEDAA38A4907" bold="true" box="[264,498,284,310]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Cipomyia totofusca</emphasis>
Norrbom &amp; Prado
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, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25A6E1F1C4B590D8BC6FEDDA1FA4904" box="[753,898,283,309]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="8BA20F761C4B590D883FFEF9A3D04968" blockId="3.[264,898,283,345]" box="[264,424,319,345]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<figureCitation id="132613F31C4B590D883FFEF9A3204968" box="[264,344,319,345]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 3" captionStartId="3.[264,383,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[313,1283,1348,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[313,1290,1346,1831]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 3. Wings: 1, Cipomyia totofusca; 2, Eutretopsis albipunctata; and Lewinsohnia magna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172039/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="132613F31C4B590D8851FEF9A3DC4968" box="[358,420,319,345]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 – 10" captionStartId="4.[264,382,1753,1777]" captionTargetBox="[285,1260,333,1673]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[285,1271,329,1685]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 4 – 10. Cipomyia totofusca, male and female terminalia: 4, epandrium and surstyli, posterior; 5, base of phallus, phallapodeme, and hypandrium, ventral; 6, epandrium, surstyli, hypandrium, phallapodeme and base of phallus, lateral; 7, aculeus, ventral; 8, aculeus tip, ventral; 9, glans, lateral; 10, glans, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172040/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">4–10</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA20F761C4B590D883FFE48A1EE4994" blockId="3.[264,918,398,421]" box="[264,918,398,421]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0D28581C4B590D883FFE48A1EE4994" box="[264,918,398,421]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
&quot; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D74F51C4B590D8827FE48A3E04994" ID-CoL="89P5P" box="[272,408,398,421]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Acrotaeniini">Acrotaeniini</taxonomicName>
n. 
<date id="FFA329B61C4B590D8886FE48A3954994" box="[433,493,398,421]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
gen. 
<specimenCount id="9D1BC4FF1C4B590D88E8FE48A3954994" box="[479,493,398,421]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="generic">2</specimenCount>
</date>
sp.1”: 
<treatmentCitation id="0ABC29671C4B590D8B0DFE48A1EA4994" author="Prado" box="[570,914,398,421]" page="1173" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C72871C4B590D8B0DFE48A1284994" author="Prado" box="[570,848,398,421]" pageId="3" pageNumber="17" refString="Prado, P. I. &amp; Lewinsohn, T. M. (2004) Compartments in insect-plant associations and their consequences for community structure. Journal of Animal Ecology, 73, 1168 - 1178." type="journal article" year="2004">Prado &amp; Lewinsohn 2004</bibRefCitation>
: 1173
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA20F761C4B590D883FFE11A3EA49C1" blockId="3.[264,1324,471,1297]" box="[264,402,471,496]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B969D3641C4B590D883FFE11A3EA49C1" box="[264,402,471,496]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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Length 
<quantity id="4CE5A2931C4B590D88A5FE39A05B4A28" box="[402,547,511,537]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="3.5">3.5–4.5 mm</quantity>
; wing length 
<quantity id="4CE5A2931C4B590D8BF5FE39A12A4A28" box="[706,850,511,537]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="4.3" metricValueMin="3.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="4.3" valueMin="3.7">3.7–4.3 mm</quantity>
; mesonotum length 
<quantity id="4CE5A2931C4B590D8D77FE39A6964A28" box="[1088,1262,511,537]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.825" metricValueMax="1.95" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="1.825" valueMax="1.95" valueMin="1.7">1.70–1.95 mm</quantity>
.
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<paragraph id="8BA20F761C4B590D880FFDE1A08F4BB0" blockId="3.[264,1324,471,1297]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Head: Mostly yellow to orange, with large dark brown area on occiput and postgena. Genal height less than 0.1 times long diameter of eye. Eye 0.5–0.65 times as long as high (shortest vs. longest diameter). Face with narrow, weak carina. Frons narrow, as broad as eye in dorsal view; with 3 frontal setae yellow, acuminate; anterior orbital seta yellow, posterior seta brown; ocellar seta yellow, about as long as frontal setae. 1–2 genal setae and numerous genal setulae brown. Facial ridge with 2–3 rows of minute, pale brown, acuminate setulae. Antenna short, first flagellomere slightly longer than pedicel, 1.6 times as long as wide, rounded apically; arista pale brown, bare. Labella capitate; palpus moderately stout, slightly dorsally curved.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA20F761C4B590D880FFC49A7744CA8" blockId="3.[264,1324,471,1297]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Thorax: Largely dark brown and entirely microtrichose; scutum, except extreme lateral and posterior margins, and middle of anepisternum densely gray microtrichose. Scutal setulae all whitish, slightly lanceolate, nearly evenly distributed. Scutellum relatively flat, with whitish setulae evenly distributed on disk. Postpronotal setulae brown, acuminate except for 2 slightly longer, white, lanceolate setulae laterally. Proepisternum with vertical row of 3–4 white lanceolate setulae and several smaller brown acuminate setulae ventrally. Anepisternal, katepisternal, and anepimeral setulae brown, acuminate.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA20F761C4B590D880FFB61A6EE4CF0" blockId="3.[264,1324,471,1297]" box="[312,1174,1191,1217]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Legs: Coxae, trochanters, and femora dark brown; tibiae and tarsi yellow.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA20F761C4B590D880FFB09A3F04D20" blockId="3.[264,1324,471,1297]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Abdomen: Entirely brown, and entirely moderately microtrichose. Setulae brown, acuminate.</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B969D3641C4B590D883FF8F7A3C24F78" bold="true" box="[264,442,1841,1865]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">FIGURES 1–3.</emphasis>
Wings: 1, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D74F51C4B590D8B75F8F4A1604F78" box="[578,792,1842,1865]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Cipomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="totofusca">
<emphasis id="B969D3641C4B590D8B75F8F4A1604F78" box="[578,792,1842,1865]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Cipomyia totofusca</emphasis>
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; 2, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D74F51C4B590D8A79F8F4A6224F78" box="[846,1114,1842,1865]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Eutretopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albipunctata">
<emphasis id="B969D3641C4B590D8A79F8F4A6224F78" box="[846,1114,1842,1865]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Eutretopsis albipunctata</emphasis>
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; and 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D74F51C4B590D8D95F8F4A3294F41" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Lewinsohnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magna">
<emphasis id="B969D3641C4B590D8D95F8F4A3294F41" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Lewinsohnia magna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BA20F761C4C590A883FF91FA0174F69" blockId="4.[264,1323,1753,1880]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B969D3641C4C590A883FF91FA3BF4EC0" bold="true" box="[264,455,1753,1777]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">FIGURES 4–10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1D74F51C4C590A88E4F91CA0D14EC0" box="[467,681,1754,1777]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Cipomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="totofusca">
<emphasis id="B969D3641C4C590A88E4F91CA0D14EC0" box="[467,681,1754,1777]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Cipomyia totofusca</emphasis>
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, male and female terminalia: 4, epandrium and surstyli, posterior; 5, base of phallus, phallapodeme, and hypandrium, ventral; 6, epandrium, surstyli, hypandrium, phallapodeme and base of phallus, lateral; 7, aculeus, ventral; 8, aculeus tip, ventral; 9, glans, lateral; 10, glans, dorsal.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA20F761C4D590B880FFEDAA75049CF" blockId="5.[264,1323,284,710]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Male terminalia: Lateral surstylus simple, short, in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="132613F31C4D590B8D5CFEDAA6C14907" box="[1131,1209,284,310]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 – 10" captionStartId="4.[264,382,1753,1777]" captionTargetBox="[285,1260,333,1673]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[285,1271,329,1685]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 4 – 10. Cipomyia totofusca, male and female terminalia: 4, epandrium and surstyli, posterior; 5, base of phallus, phallapodeme, and hypandrium, ventral; 6, epandrium, surstyli, hypandrium, phallapodeme and base of phallus, lateral; 7, aculeus, ventral; 8, aculeus tip, ventral; 9, glans, lateral; 10, glans, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172040/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
) without posterodorsal lobe, in posterior view (
<figureCitation id="132613F31C4D590B8BE5FE82A164496F" box="[722,796,324,350]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 – 10" captionStartId="4.[264,382,1753,1777]" captionTargetBox="[285,1260,333,1673]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[285,1271,329,1685]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 4 – 10. Cipomyia totofusca, male and female terminalia: 4, epandrium and surstyli, posterior; 5, base of phallus, phallapodeme, and hypandrium, ventral; 6, epandrium, surstyli, hypandrium, phallapodeme and base of phallus, lateral; 7, aculeus, ventral; 8, aculeus tip, ventral; 9, glans, lateral; 10, glans, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172040/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
) nearly forming oval with epandrium, apex mesally curved. Glans (
<figureCitation id="132613F31C4D590B8B7EFEAAA0AE49B7" box="[585,726,364,390]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 – 10" captionStartId="4.[264,382,1753,1777]" captionTargetBox="[285,1260,333,1673]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[285,1271,329,1685]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 4 – 10. Cipomyia totofusca, male and female terminalia: 4, epandrium and surstyli, posterior; 5, base of phallus, phallapodeme, and hypandrium, ventral; 6, epandrium, surstyli, hypandrium, phallapodeme and base of phallus, lateral; 7, aculeus, ventral; 8, aculeus tip, ventral; 9, glans, lateral; 10, glans, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172040/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 9–10</figureCitation>
) relatively stout, mostly sclerotized, with 2 membranous apical lobes, one tapering and with row of tooth­like spines, the other broad, extending laterally, and ending in fringe of tooth­like spines; acrophallus relatively stout, apical half slanted in dorsal view, and basal half fused to outer sclerotized sheath laterally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA20F761C4D590B880FFDCAA0104AF7" blockId="5.[264,1323,284,710]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Female terminalia: Oviscape 
<quantity id="4CE5A2931C4D590B8BACFDCAA0814A17" box="[667,761,524,550]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
long, 0.77 times as long as mesonotum, dark brown, with short, slender, brown acuminate setulae. Aculeus (
<figureCitation id="132613F31C4D590B8ADBFDF2A64A4A7F" box="[1004,1074,564,590]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 – 10" captionStartId="4.[264,382,1753,1777]" captionTargetBox="[285,1260,333,1673]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[285,1271,329,1685]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 4 – 10. Cipomyia totofusca, male and female terminalia: 4, epandrium and surstyli, posterior; 5, base of phallus, phallapodeme, and hypandrium, ventral; 6, epandrium, surstyli, hypandrium, phallapodeme and base of phallus, lateral; 7, aculeus, ventral; 8, aculeus tip, ventral; 9, glans, lateral; 10, glans, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172040/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
) 
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long, 
<quantity id="4CE5A2931C4D590B8DC0FDF2A34E4A47" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="0.24">0.24 mm</quantity>
wide, moderately stout, tip (
<figureCitation id="132613F31C4D590B8BA1FD9AA0A74A47" box="[662,735,604,630]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 – 10" captionStartId="4.[264,382,1753,1777]" captionTargetBox="[285,1260,333,1673]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[285,1271,329,1685]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 4 – 10. Cipomyia totofusca, male and female terminalia: 4, epandrium and surstyli, posterior; 5, base of phallus, phallapodeme, and hypandrium, ventral; 6, epandrium, surstyli, hypandrium, phallapodeme and base of phallus, lateral; 7, aculeus, ventral; 8, aculeus tip, ventral; 9, glans, lateral; 10, glans, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172040/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
) slightly ventrally curved, thicker medially than laterally, broadly triangular, lateral margins gradually tapering to blunt apex. Spermathecae elongate ovoid.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3075CFD1C4D590B883FFD3AA1774DD7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BA20F761C4D590B883FFD3AA31B4B24" blockId="5.[264,1325,764,1510]" box="[264,355,764,789]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B969D3641C4D590B883FFD3AA31B4B24" box="[264,355,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Biology</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA20F761C4D590B880FFCE2A1774DD7" blockId="5.[264,1325,764,1510]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
In an extensive survey of flowerhead 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D74F51C4D590B8BCBFCE2A1F94B0F" box="[764,897,804,830]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tephritidae</taxonomicName>
(see notes on 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D74F51C4D590B8D05FCE2A7594B0C" box="[1074,1313,804,829]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Lewinsohnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magna">
<emphasis id="B969D3641C4D590B8D05FCE2A7594B0C" box="[1074,1313,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Lewinsohnia magna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) this species was reared from flowerheads of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D74F51C4D590B8A14FC8AA6494B54" box="[803,1073,844,869]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Eremanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elaeagnus">
<emphasis id="B969D3641C4D590B8A14FC8AA6494B54" box="[803,1073,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Eremanthus elaeagnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Mart. ex DC.) Sch. Bip., 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D74F51C4D590B887BFCB2A02C4BBF" authority="Less." authorityName="Less." box="[332,596,884,910]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Eremanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glomerulatus">
<emphasis id="B969D3641C4D590B887BFCB2A0724BBC" box="[332,522,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">E. glomerulatus</emphasis>
Less.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D74F51C4D590B8B54FCB2A1534BBF" authority="Less." authorityName="Less." box="[611,811,884,910]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Eremanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incanus">
<emphasis id="B969D3641C4D590B8B54FCB2A0994BBC" box="[611,737,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">E. incanus</emphasis>
Less.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D74F51C4D590B8A0DFCB2A3344B87" authority="Coile &amp; S.B. Jones" authorityName="Coile &amp; S.B. Jones" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Lychnophora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="diamantinana">
<emphasis id="B969D3641C4D590B8A0DFCB2A6FB4BBC" box="[826,1155,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Lychnophora diamantinana</emphasis>
Coile &amp; S.B. Jones
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D74F51C4D590B886EFC5AA0374B87" authority="Mart." authorityName="Mart." box="[345,591,924,950]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Lychnophora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="villosissima">
<emphasis id="B969D3641C4D590B886EFC5AA07B4B84" box="[345,515,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">L. villosissima</emphasis>
Mart.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D74F51C4D590B8B6BFC5AA1494B87" authority="Mart." authorityName="Mart." box="[604,817,924,950]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Lychnophora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ericoides">
<emphasis id="B969D3641C4D590B8B6BFC5AA09F4B84" box="[604,743,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">L. ericoides</emphasis>
Mart.
</taxonomicName>
and at least one other unidentified species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D74F51C4D590B881DFC02A3BD4BEC" box="[298,453,964,989]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Lychnophora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B969D3641C4D590B881DFC02A3BD4BEC" box="[298,453,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Lychnophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D74F51C4D590B88E1FC02A0D14BEF" authority="Less." authorityName="Less." box="[470,681,964,990]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Eremanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B969D3641C4D590B88E1FC02A01B4BEC" box="[470,611,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Eremanthus</emphasis>
Less.
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D74F51C4D590B8BD1FC02A1B44BEF" authority="Mart." authorityName="Mart." box="[742,972,964,990]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Lychnophora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B969D3641C4D590B8BD1FC02A1FA4BEC" box="[742,898,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Lychnophora</emphasis>
Mart.
</taxonomicName>
are the two largest genera in the Lychnophorinae, a subtribe of Vernonieae (
<taxonomicName id="4C1D74F51C4D590B8A53FC2AA1904C37" box="[868,1000,1004,1030]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
) that is restricted to the Brazilian Plateau (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C72871C4D590B88D6FBD2A0E24C1F" author="Robinson" box="[481,666,1044,1070]" pageId="5" pageNumber="17" refString="Robinson, H. (1999) Generic and subtribal classification of American Vernonieae. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany, 89, i - iv, 1 - 116." type="journal article" year="1999">Robinson 1999</bibRefCitation>
). The highest diversity of these genera is in the “campo rupestre” (grasslands in shallow rocky soils above 
<quantity id="4CE5A2931C4D590B8A4CFBFAA1984C67" box="[891,992,1084,1110]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="1000.0">1,000 m</quantity>
in the mountain ranges of central 
<collectingCountry id="F30A4FE61C4D590B8857FBA2A3D44C4F" box="[352,428,1124,1150]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Brazil</collectingCountry>
), but many species reach the contiguous “cerrado” vegetation (savanna­like grasslands and scrublands at lower altitudes). 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D74F51C4D590B8A6CFB4AA6304C94" box="[859,1096,1164,1189]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Cipomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="totofusca">
<emphasis id="B969D3641C4D590B8A6CFB4AA6304C94" box="[859,1096,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cipomyia totofusca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was reared from flowerheads from all areas of campo rupestre in Minas Gerais state sampled by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C72871C4D590B8D90FB72A3214CC7" pageId="5" pageNumber="17" refString="Prado, P. I., Lewinsohn, T. M., Almeida, A. M., Norrbom, A. L., Buys, B. D., Macedo, A. C. &amp; Lopes, M. B. (2002) The fauna of Tephritidae (Diptera) from capitula of Asteraceae in Brazil. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 104, 1007 - 1028." type="journal article">Prado et al. (2002)</bibRefCitation>
, except in Serra do Cabral, the westernmost site (
<geoCoordinate id="EE2969B11C4D590B8A96FB1AA67B4CC7" box="[929,1027,1244,1270]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="925" value="-17.716667">17°43’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE2969B11C4D590B8D3DFB1AA6034CC7" box="[1034,1147,1244,1270]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="925" value="-44.733334">44°44’W</geoCoordinate>
). However, the specimens from Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso state and from Batatais, northern São Paulo state, show that like some of its host plants this fly species occurs in cerrado areas. Additional sampling in cerrado and campo rupestre sites (Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso, Goiás and Bahia states) is needed to determine the full geographic range of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D74F51C4D590B8C27FABAA30B4D8C" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Cipomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="totofusca">
<emphasis id="B969D3641C4D590B8C27FABAA30B4D8C" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. totofusca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but it is reasonable to suppose that it is a specialist on Lychnophorinae, and thus is restricted to the Brazilian Central Plateau.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3075CFD1C4D5908883FF9CFA0644E3F" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA20F761C4D590B883FF9CFA3EF4E13" blockId="5.[264,876,1545,1611]" box="[264,407,1545,1570]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B969D3641C4D590B883FF9CFA3EF4E13" box="[264,407,1545,1570]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Distribution</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA20F761C4D590B880FF9F7A1144E7A" blockId="5.[264,876,1545,1611]" box="[312,876,1585,1611]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<collectingCountry id="F30A4FE61C4D590B880FF9F7A3F84E7A" box="[312,384,1585,1611]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, São Paulo).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA20F761C4D590B883FF9A9A6224EE8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<table id="F91DFDD61C4DA6F1883FF9A9A7544EE8" box="[264,1324,1647,1753]" colsContinueIn="5.[264,1325,1796,1902]" gridcols="4" gridrows="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<tr id="352D0D341C4DA6F1883FF9A9A7544EB9" box="[264,1324,1647,1672]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76FC64481C4DA6F1883FF9A9A0DE4EB9" box="[264,678,1647,1672]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B969D3641C4D590B883FF9A9A3FD4EB9" box="[264,389,1647,1672]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Etymology</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="352D0D341C4DA6F1883FF951A7544E80" box="[264,1324,1687,1713]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<th id="76FC64481C4DA6F1883FF951A0DE4E80" box="[264,678,1687,1713]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">The name of this species is an</th>
<td id="76FC64481C4DA6F18B9AF951A6E94E80" box="[685,1169,1687,1713]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">adjective derived from the Latin “totus”</td>
<td id="76FC64481C4DA6F18DADF951A6B04E80" box="[1178,1224,1687,1713]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">(all,</td>
<td id="76FC64481C4DA6F18DE5F951A7544E80" box="[1234,1324,1687,1713]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">whole),</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352D0D341C4DA6F1883FF979A7544EE8" box="[264,1324,1727,1753]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76FC64481C4DA6F1883FF979A0DE4EE8" box="[264,678,1727,1753]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">and “fuscus” (dark), in reference to</th>
<td id="76FC64481C4DA6F18B9AF979A6E94EE8" box="[685,1169,1727,1753]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">its entirely dark brown wing pattern.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA20F761C4D590B883FF8C2A7554F5F" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<table id="F91DFDD61C4DA6F1883FF8C2A7554F5F" box="[264,1325,1796,1902]" colsContinueFrom="5.[264,1324,1647,1753]" gridcols="4" gridrows="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<tr id="352D0D341C4DA6F1883FF8C2A7554F2C" box="[264,1325,1796,1821]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76FC64481C4DA6F1883FF8C2A0A84F2C" box="[264,720,1796,1821]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B969D3641C4D590B883FF8C2A3004F2C" box="[264,376,1796,1821]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Type data</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="352D0D341C4DA6F1883FF8EDA7554F77" box="[264,1325,1835,1862]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<th id="76FC64481C4DA6F1883FF8EDA0A84F77" box="[264,720,1835,1862]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Holotype Ψ (MZUSP), BRAZIL:</th>
<td id="76FC64481C4DA6F18BEFF8EDA1B74F77" box="[728,975,1835,1862]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Minas Gerais: Serra</td>
<td id="76FC64481C4DA6F18AE0F8EDA6AB4F77" box="[983,1235,1835,1862]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">do Cipó [Estrada da</td>
<td id="76FC64481C4DA6F18DEDF8EDA7554F77" box="[1242,1325,1835,1862]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Usina,</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352D0D341C4DA6F1883FF892A7554F5F" box="[264,1325,1876,1902]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<th id="76FC64481C4DA6F1883FF892A0A84F5F" box="[264,720,1876,1902]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">19°17.51’S 43°36.04’W], 14 Jul 1994,</th>
<td id="76FC64481C4DA6F18BEFF892A1B74F5F" box="[728,975,1876,1902]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. Prado, V. Solferini</td>
<td id="76FC64481C4DA6F18AE0F892A6AB4F5F" box="[983,1235,1876,1902]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">&amp; P. Orlandi, col.733</td>
<td id="76FC64481C4DA6F18DEDF892A7554F5F" box="[1242,1325,1876,1902]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">[reared</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA20F761C4E5908883FFEDAA0644E3F" blockId="6.[264,1324,284,1550]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
ex capitula 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D74F51C4E590888A1FEDAA0B14904" box="[406,713,284,309]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Eremanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glomerulatus">
<emphasis id="B969D3641C4E590888A1FEDAA0B14904" box="[406,713,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Eremanthus glomerulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]. 
<typeStatus id="54A6B1D41C4E59088BD2FEDAA1234907" box="[741,859,284,310]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
: 
<collectingCountry id="F30A4FE61C4E59088A5DFEDAA1A14907" box="[874,985,284,310]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
: Minas Gerais: Diamantina, São João da Chapada, Serra da 
<collectingCountry id="F30A4FE61C4E59088B81FE82A179496F" box="[694,769,324,350]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Guiné</collectingCountry>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE2969B11C4E59088A20FE82A1E4496F" box="[791,924,324,350]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="9" value="-18.101">18°06.06’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE2969B11C4E59088A99FE82A646496F" box="[942,1086,324,350]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="9" value="-43.734665">43°44.08’W</geoCoordinate>
, 0 
<date id="FFA329B61C4E59088D53FE82A686496F" box="[1124,1278,324,350]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1996-09-07">7 Sep 1996</date>
, T. Lewinsohn, P. Prado, A. Santos, J. Silva, PIC96676, [reared ex capitula of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D74F51C4E59088DB8FEAAA75349B4" box="[1167,1323,364,389]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Lychnophora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B969D3641C4E59088DB8FEAAA75349B4" box="[1167,1323,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lychnophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.], 3ɗ1Ψ (ZUEC); same, PIC96678, [reared ex capitula of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D74F51C4E59088ADEFE52A761499C" box="[1001,1305,404,429]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Lychnophora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="villosissima">
<emphasis id="B969D3641C4E59088ADEFE52A761499C" box="[1001,1305,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lychnophora villosissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
], 2ɗ (ZUEC); same, PIC96679, [reared ex capitula of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D74F51C4E59088AB3FE7AA6B449E4" box="[900,1228,444,469]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Lychnophora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="diamantinana">
<emphasis id="B969D3641C4E59088AB3FE7AA6B449E4" box="[900,1228,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lychnophora diamantinana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
], 2ɗ1Ψ (ZUEC); Grão Mogol, Trilha da Tropa, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE2969B11C4E59088BCDFE22A12349CF" box="[762,859,484,510]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="925" value="-16.55">16°33’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE2969B11C4E59088A50FE22A1AB49CF" box="[871,979,484,510]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="925" value="-42.9">42°54’W</geoCoordinate>
, 0 
<date id="FFA329B61C4E59088AC4FE22A6FB49CF" box="[1011,1155,484,510]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1996-09-05">5 Sep 1996</date>
, P. Prado, A. Santos, PIC96649, [reared ex capitula of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D74F51C4E59088BD8FDCAA1A74A14" box="[751,991,524,549]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Eremanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incanus">
<emphasis id="B969D3641C4E59088BD8FDCAA1A74A14" box="[751,991,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Eremanthus incanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
], 1ɗ (ZUEC); Grão Mogol, Vale do Rio Itacambiruu, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE2969B11C4E59088B00FDF2A0C44A7F" box="[567,700,564,590]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="9" value="-16.600166">16°36.01’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE2969B11C4E59088BF4FDF2A12C4A7F" box="[707,852,564,590]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="9" value="-42.953667">42°57.22’W</geoCoordinate>
, 0 
<date id="FFA329B61C4E59088A58FDF2A18D4A7F" box="[879,1013,564,590]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1996-09-05">5 Sep 1996</date>
, T. Lewinsohn, J.C. Silva, PIC96643, [reared ex capitula of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D74F51C4E59088BBBFD9AA1034A44" box="[652,891,604,629]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Eremanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incanus">
<emphasis id="B969D3641C4E59088BBBFD9AA1034A44" box="[652,891,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Eremanthus incanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
], 1ɗ (ZUEC); Joaquim Felcio, Serra do Cabral, cerrado, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE2969B11C4E59088B34FD42A0F04AAF" box="[515,648,644,670]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="9" value="-17.73">17°43.80’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE2969B11C4E59088BA1FD42A15E4AAF" box="[662,806,644,670]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="9" value="-44.18667">44°11.20’W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FFA329B61C4E59088A0FFD42A1A84AAF" box="[824,976,644,670]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1995-07-19">19 Jul 1995</date>
, P. Prado &amp; T. Lewinsohn, PIC95330, [reared ex capitula of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D74F51C4E59088B80FD6AA65D4AF4" box="[695,1061,684,710]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Eremanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glomerulatus">
<emphasis id="B969D3641C4E59088B80FD6AA13B4AF4" box="[695,835,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Eremanthus</emphasis>
aff. 
<emphasis id="B969D3641C4E59088ABDFD6AA65D4AF4" box="[906,1061,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">glomerulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
], 1ɗ (ZUEC); Ouro Branco, Serra do Ouro Branco, 2030.23’S 4338.78’W, 
<date id="FFA329B61C4E59088AEFFD12A6004ADF" box="[984,1144,724,750]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1995-07-28">28 Jul 1995</date>
, P. Prado, T. Lewinsohn, B. Buys, V. Motta, PIC95487, [reared ex capitula of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D74F51C4E59088DA9FD3AA3DB4B0C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Eremanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glomerulatus">
<emphasis id="B969D3641C4E59088DA9FD3AA3DB4B0C" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Eremanthus glomerulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
], 1Ψ (ZUEC); same, 2030.38’S 4338.09’W, 
<date id="FFA329B61C4E59088A8BFCE2A62C4B0F" box="[956,1108,804,830]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1996-09-12">12 Sep 1996</date>
, T. Lewinsohn, P. Prado, A. Santos, J. Silva, PIC96806, [reared ex capitula of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D74F51C4E59088ADAFC8AA6874B54" box="[1005,1279,844,869]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Lychnophora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ericoides">
<emphasis id="B969D3641C4E59088ADAFC8AA6874B54" box="[1005,1279,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lychnophora ericoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
], 1 (ZUEC); Ouro Prêto, ruisseau et maquis [river and dry scrub vegetation], st. 2, 
<date id="FFA329B61C4E59088D9BFCB2A33D4B87" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1993-04-27" valueMax="1993-04-29" valueMin="1993-04-27">27–29 Apr 1993</date>
, C. Dufour &amp; J.­P. Haenni, 1Ψ (MHNG USNMENT00212908); Serra do Cipó [Chapéu do Sol, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE2969B11C4E59088B38FC02A0EC4BEF" box="[527,660,964,990]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="9" value="-19.299168">19°17.95’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE2969B11C4E59088B86FC02A13E4BEF" box="[689,838,964,990]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="9" value="-43.602333">43°36.14’W</geoCoordinate>
], [reared ex capitula] 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D74F51C4E59088DA9FC02A7524BEC" box="[1182,1322,964,989]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Eremanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B969D3641C4E59088DA9FC02A7524BEC" box="[1182,1322,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Eremanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[
<taxonomicName id="4C1D74F51C4E59088825FC2AA3D54C34" box="[274,429,1004,1029]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Eremanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glomerulatus">
<emphasis id="B969D3641C4E59088825FC2AA3D54C34" box="[274,429,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">glomerulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
], 
<date id="FFA329B61C4E5908888DFC2AA0224C37" box="[442,602,1004,1030]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1989-07-16">16 Jul 1989</date>
, P. Prado col. 50, 4ɗ1Ψ (ZUEC), 1Ψ (USNM USNME NT00213204); same, [reared ex capitula] 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D74F51C4E59088BCBFBD2A1F04C1C" box="[764,904,1044,1069]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Eremanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B969D3641C4E59088BCBFBD2A1F04C1C" box="[764,904,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Eremanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[sp.], 
<date id="FFA329B61C4E59088AE0FBD2A60E4C1F" box="[983,1142,1044,1070]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1989-08-10">10 Aug 1989</date>
, col. 56, 1ɗ1Ψ (USNM USNMENT00213202­03); Serra do Cipó [Estrada da Usina, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE2969B11C4E59088D92FBFAA7524C67" box="[1189,1322,1084,1110]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="9" value="-19.291834">19°17.51’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE2969B11C4E5908883FFBA2A3E54C4F" box="[264,413,1124,1150]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="9" value="-43.600666">43°36.04’W</geoCoordinate>
], [reared ex capitula] 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D74F51C4E59088B9FFBA2A14D4C4C" box="[680,821,1124,1149]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Eremanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B969D3641C4E59088B9FFBA2A14D4C4C" box="[680,821,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Eremanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[
<taxonomicName id="4C1D74F51C4E59088A7FFBA2A1C74C4C" box="[840,959,1124,1149]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Eremanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elaeagnus">
<emphasis id="B969D3641C4E59088A7FFBA2A1C74C4C" box="[840,959,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">elaeagnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
], 
<date id="FFA329B61C4E59088AEDFBA2A6044C4F" box="[986,1148,1124,1150]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1989-08-17">17 Aug 1989</date>
, P. Prado, col. 89, 3ɗ (ZUEC); Serra do Cipó [Estrada da Usina, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE2969B11C4E59088A42FB4AA1824C97" box="[885,1018,1164,1190]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="9" value="-19.291834">19°17.51’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE2969B11C4E59088D33FB4AA6E24C97" box="[1028,1178,1164,1190]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="9" value="-43.600666">43°36.04’W</geoCoordinate>
], [reared ex capitula] 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D74F51C4E590888B5FB72A0774CFC" box="[386,527,1204,1229]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Eremanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B969D3641C4E590888B5FB72A0774CFC" box="[386,527,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Eremanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[
<taxonomicName id="4C1D74F51C4E59088B1BFB72A0BF4CFC" box="[556,711,1204,1229]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Eremanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glomerulatus">
<emphasis id="B969D3641C4E59088B1BFB72A0BF4CFC" box="[556,711,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">glomerulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
], 
<date id="FFA329B61C4E59088BDBFB72A1DB4CFF" box="[748,931,1204,1230]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1993-05-14">14 May 1993</date>
, P. Prado, V. Solferini &amp; T. Lewinsohn, col. 657, 1ɗ (ZUEC); same, 
<date id="FFA329B61C4E59088BD9FB1AA1FB4CC7" box="[750,899,1244,1270]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1994-07-14">14 Jul 1994</date>
, P. Prado, V. Solferini &amp; P. Orlandi, col.733 [reared ex capitula 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D74F51C4E59088B62FAC2A1FF4D2C" box="[597,903,1284,1309]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Eremanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glomerulatus">
<emphasis id="B969D3641C4E59088B62FAC2A1FF4D2C" box="[597,903,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Eremanthus glomerulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
] 4ɗ3Ψ (ZUEC); same, Estrada da Usina, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE2969B11C4E5908886BFAEAA39A4D77" box="[348,482,1324,1350]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="9" value="-19.2875">19°17.25’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE2969B11C4E590888DCFAEAA0034D77" box="[491,635,1324,1350]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="9" value="-43.598667">43°35.92’W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FFA329B61C4E59088BBEFAEAA16F4D77" box="[649,791,1324,1350]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1995-07-27">27 Jul 1995</date>
, P. Prado, T. Lewinsohn, B. Buys, V. Motta, PIC95469, [reared ex capitula of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D74F51C4E59088BAAFA92A1B74D5C" box="[669,975,1364,1389]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Eremanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glomerulatus">
<emphasis id="B969D3641C4E59088BAAFA92A1B74D5C" box="[669,975,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Eremanthus glomerulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
], 1ɗ (ZUEC). Mato Grosso: Chapada dos Guimarães [
<geoCoordinate id="EE2969B11C4E59088B78FABAA0CA4DA7" box="[591,690,1404,1430]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="925" value="-15.433333">15°26’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE2969B11C4E59088BF5FABAA14B4DA7" box="[706,819,1404,1430]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="925" value="-55.75">55°45’W</geoCoordinate>
], [
<date id="FFA329B61C4E59088A61FABAA1C54DA7" box="[854,957,1404,1430]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1882" valueMax="1886">1882­86</date>
, H. H. Smith], 1ɗ (AMNH USNMENT00213199). São Paulo: Batatais [
<geoCoordinate id="EE2969B11C4E59088A17FA62A1FA4D8F" box="[800,898,1444,1470]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="925" value="-20.883333">20°53’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE2969B11C4E59088ABBFA62A1844D8F" box="[908,1020,1444,1470]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="925" value="-47.583332">47°35’W</geoCoordinate>
], 
<date id="FFA329B61C4E59088D25FA62A6F24D8F" box="[1042,1162,1444,1470]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1943-03">Mar 1943</date>
, A. Stafuzza, 2ɗ (MZUSP USNMENT00213200­01); Batatais, 
<date id="FFA329B61C4E59088A43FA0AA1944DD7" box="[884,1004,1484,1510]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1946-09">Sep 1946</date>
, P. Pereira, 1Ψ (MZUSP USNMENT00213198).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>