treatments-xml/data/03/B4/BE/03B4BE601C425905883FFDB7A6684C06.xml

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<mods:title id="8C2B0F5CC1DD2C75FC06E0DCC74E0780">New genera and host plant records of Asteraceae­feeding Tephritidae (Diptera) from Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E3813B89A46B722788402AD342532B45">Norrbom, Allen L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FBFCEBCE0BBA287BEAAFB61B85845B79">Prado, Paulo Inácio</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03B4BE601C425905883FFDB7A6684C06" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6261591" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119345305" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6261591" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B4BE601C425905883FFDB7A6684C06" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B4BE601C425905883FFDB7A6684C06" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<subSubSection id="C3075CFD1C425904883FFDB7A0E84AC4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA20F761C425904883FFDB7A15D4ABA" blockId="10.[264,805,625,651]" box="[264,805,625,651]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="D0EAB81A1C425904883FFDB7A15D4ABA" bold="true" box="[264,805,625,651]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B969D3641C425904883FFDB7A15D4ABA" bold="true" box="[264,805,625,651]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C1D74F51C425904883FFDB7A0EE4ABA" ID-CoL="62WQP" authority="Norrbom &amp; Prado" authorityName="Norrbom &amp; Prado" box="[264,662,625,651]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Lewinsohnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B969D3641C425904883FFDB7A3DC4ABA" bold="true" box="[264,420,625,651]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Lewinsohnia</emphasis>
Norrbom &amp; Prado
</taxonomicName>
, new genus
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA20F761C425904883FFD78A0E84AC4" blockId="10.[264,763,702,758]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0D28581C425904883FFD78A0E84AC4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
&quot; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D74F51C4259048827FD78A3E04AE4" ID-CoL="89P5P" box="[272,408,702,725]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Acrotaeniini">Acrotaeniini</taxonomicName>
<date id="FFA329B61C42590488A8FD78A3994AE4" box="[415,481,702,725]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">gen. 3</date>
”: 
<treatmentCitation id="0ABC29671C42590488CDFD78A08F4AE4" author="Prado" box="[506,759,702,726]" page="1012" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="2002">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C72871C42590488CDFD78A0CC4AE4" author="Prado" box="[506,692,702,726]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" refString="Prado, P. I., Lewinsohn, T. M., Almeida, A. M., Norrbom, A. L., Buys, B. D., Macedo, A. C. &amp; Lopes, M. B. (2002) The fauna of Tephritidae (Diptera) from capitula of Asteraceae in Brazil. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 104, 1007 - 1028." type="journal article" year="2002">
Prado 
<emphasis id="B969D3641C4259048B08FD79A00D4AE7" box="[575,629,703,726]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
2002
</bibRefCitation>
: 1012
</treatmentCitation>
. 
<typeStatus id="54A6B1D41C425904883FFD18A3454AC4" box="[264,317,734,757]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Type</typeStatus>
species. 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D74F51C42590488A9FD19A07A4AC7" box="[414,514,735,758]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Lewinsohnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magna" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B969D3641C42590488A9FD19A07A4AC7" box="[414,514,735,758]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">L. magna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25A6E1F1C4259048B27FD18A0E84AC4" box="[528,656,734,757]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3075CFD1C425904883FFCEAA3934D1D" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA20F761C425904883FFCEAA3074B74" blockId="10.[264,1324,812,1324]" box="[264,383,812,837]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B969D3641C425904883FFCEAA3074B74" box="[264,383,812,837]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA20F761C425904880FFC92A3934D1D" blockId="10.[264,1324,812,1324]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
This genus resembles most species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D74F51C4259048BC0FC92A1F04B5C" box="[759,904,852,877]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Dyseuaresta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B969D3641C4259048BC0FC92A1F04B5C" box="[759,904,852,877]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Dyseuaresta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D74F51C4259048AAFFC92A6794B5C" box="[920,1025,852,877]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Euaresta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B969D3641C4259048AAFFC92A6794B5C" box="[920,1025,852,877]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Euaresta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D74F51C4259048D0EFC92A6B24B5C" box="[1081,1226,852,877]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Tetreuaresta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B969D3641C4259048D0EFC92A6B24B5C" box="[1081,1226,852,877]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Tetreuaresta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in wing pattern. It differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D74F51C4259048B21FCBAA0D04BA4" box="[534,680,892,917]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Dyseuaresta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B969D3641C4259048B21FCBAA0D04BA4" box="[534,680,892,917]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Dyseuaresta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having 2 scutellar setae and the lateral surstylus not especially long nor posteriorly curved. It differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D74F51C4259048AA4FC62A1844B8C" box="[915,1020,932,957]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Euaresta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B969D3641C4259048AA4FC62A1844B8C" box="[915,1020,932,957]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Euaresta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having 3 frontal setae and in the shape of the male terminalia (epandrium and surstyli not broader than high nor with transverse striations), and from 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D74F51C4259048B8CFC32A1344C3C" box="[699,844,1012,1037]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Tetreuaresta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B969D3641C4259048B8CFC32A1344C3C" box="[699,844,1012,1037]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Tetreuaresta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(to which it will run in the key of 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C72871C4259048DDFFC32A33C4C07" author="Foote" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" refString="Foote, R. H. (1980) Fruit fly genera south of the United States (Diptera: Tephritidae). United States Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin No. 1600, IV + 79 pp." type="book" year="1980">Foote 1980</bibRefCitation>
) in having the frons setulose medially, the posterior orbital and notopleural setae white, distinctly paler than the anterior setae, and cell r4+5 with a medial bulla. Although 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D74F51C425904883FFBA9A3E64CB9" box="[264,414,1135,1160]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Lewinsohnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B969D3641C425904883FFBA9A3E64CB9" box="[264,414,1135,1160]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Lewinsohnia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was listed (as “ 
<date id="FFA329B61C4259048B62FBA9A0E64CB8" box="[597,670,1135,1161]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">gen. 3</date>
”) as a genus of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D74F51C4259048A6DFBA9A1954CB8" box="[858,1005,1135,1161]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Acrotaeniini">Acrotaeniini</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C72871C4259048D2FFBA9A68C4CB8" box="[1048,1268,1135,1161]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" refString="Prado, P. I., Lewinsohn, T. M., Almeida, A. M., Norrbom, A. L., Buys, B. D., Macedo, A. C. &amp; Lopes, M. B. (2002) The fauna of Tephritidae (Diptera) from capitula of Asteraceae in Brazil. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 104, 1007 - 1028." type="journal article">Prado et al. (2002)</bibRefCitation>
, it is doubtfully related to genera that were placed in that group as indicated by its setulose frons, mixed postocular setae, pale posterior orbital, posterior notopleural, and lateral vertical setae, and gap in the dorsal setulae on vein R4+5. It is here tentatively classified in the tribe 
<taxonomicName id="4C1D74F51C4259048847FAD4A39F4D1D" box="[368,487,1298,1324]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Tephritini">Tephritini</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3075CFD1C425905883FFAA4A05A4BA6" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA20F761C425904883FFAA4A3EA4D4A" blockId="10.[264,1323,1378,1884]" box="[264,402,1378,1403]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B969D3641C425904883FFAA4A3EA4D4A" box="[264,402,1378,1403]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA20F761C425904880FFA4CA0A84E8D" blockId="10.[264,1323,1378,1884]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Head: In lateral view higher than long, subquadrate, face and frons meeting at approximately 135° angle. Lunule half as long as wide. Frons with numerous white acuminate setulae medially, with 3 frontal setae and 2 reclinate orbital setae, posterior seta white, slightly lanceolate, distinctly paler than dark brown to black anterior seta. Medial vertical seta dark brown to black, acuminate, well developed; lateral vertical seta pale yellow, slightly lanceolate, 
<emphasis id="B969D3641C4259048B55F994A0054E5A" box="[610,637,1618,1643]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ca</emphasis>
. half as long as medial vertical seta. Postocellar and postvertical setae well developed, white, lanceolate. Postocular setae mixed small, dark acuminate and large, white, lanceolate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA20F761C425905880FF90CA03B496F" blockId="10.[264,1323,1378,1884]" lastBlockId="11.[264,1323,284,919]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Thorax: Postpronotal, anterior notopleural, presutural and postsutural supra­alar, intraalar, postalar, dorsocentral, acrostichal, 2 scutellar, and dorsal anepisternal setae well developed, red brown to dark brown, acuminate; posterior notopleural, other anepisternal (usually 2, rarely 3–4), anepimeral, and katepisternal setae yellow to white. Dorsocentral seta closer to transverse suture than level of postsutural supra­alar seta. Apical scutellar seta subequal to basal seta.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA20F761C435905880FFEAAA61749B7" blockId="11.[264,1323,284,919]" box="[312,1135,364,390]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Legs: 
<collectingCountry id="F30A4FE61C43590588B7FEAAA3C349B7" box="[384,443,364,390]" name="India" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Hind</collectingCountry>
femur with anterodorsal and posterodorsal preapical setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA20F761C435905880FFE52A17D4A4E" blockId="11.[264,1323,284,919]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Wing (
<figureCitation id="132613F31C43590588B0FE52A3B6499F" box="[391,462,404,430]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 3" captionStartId="3.[264,383,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[313,1283,1348,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[313,1290,1346,1831]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 3. Wings: 1, Cipomyia totofusca; 2, Eutretopsis albipunctata; and Lewinsohnia magna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172039/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
): Pattern mostly dark brown, radiate. Cell r4+5 with strong bulla in anterior half aligned slightly distal to dm­cu. Costal setulae at subcostal break moderately large, 3–4 times as long as other costal setulae. Vein R1 dorsally with distinct gap in setulae near bend in vein Sc. Vein R4+5 dorsally with numerous setulae, extending well beyond level of dm­cu, but with broad gap near r­m, ventrally setulose to level of r­m. Lobe of cell bcu approximately half as long as width of cell.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA20F761C435905880FFD4BA64E4AC6" blockId="11.[264,1323,284,919]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Male terminalia: Lateral surstylus (
<figureCitation id="132613F31C4359058BD1FD4BA1004A96" box="[742,888,653,679]" captionStart="FIGURES 17 – 22" captionStartId="13.[264,382,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[313,1273,319,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[302,1288,319,1793]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 17 – 22. Lewinsohnia magna: 17, head, lateral; 18, aculeus, ventral; 19, aculeus tip, ventral; 20, glans, dorsal; 21, epandrium and surstyli, posterior; 22, epandrium, surstyli, hypandrium, phallapodeme and phallus, lateral, with glans, lateral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172043/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs. 21–22</figureCitation>
) broad and thick distally (posterior surface slightly concave), in lateral view nearly straight, not posteriorly curved, and without posterodorsal lobe. Medial surstylus with 2 stout prensisetae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA20F761C435905880FFCC3A05A4BA6" blockId="11.[264,1323,284,919]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Female terminalia: Eversible membrane dorsally and ventrally with large oval area of triangular spicules, largest subbasally, gradually tapering distally, slightly larger on ventral side, on dorsal side at base with membranous area forming small medial notch. Aculeus tip simple. 2 spermathecae.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3075CFD1C435905883FFC0BA6684C06" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BA20F761C435905883FFC0BA3FD4BD7" blockId="11.[264,1322,973,1079]" box="[264,389,973,998]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B969D3641C435905883FFC0BA3FD4BD7" box="[264,389,973,998]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Etymology</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA20F761C435905880FFC33A6684C06" blockId="11.[264,1322,973,1079]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
This genus is named for Thomas Lewinsohn, who led the project in which the 
<typeStatus id="54A6B1D41C4359058DCFFC33A7524C3E" box="[1272,1322,1013,1039]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus>
specimens were collected. It is to be treated as feminine in gender.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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