treatments-xml/data/ED/3F/46/ED3F46791AD65D569DB052BB466B8F71.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.197.81367" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-197-81" ID-Pensoft-UUID="37EA452A15155D1CB85CA350AF70A112" ModsDocID="1314-2003-197-81" checkinTime="1653995772258" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Santamaria-Aguilar, Daniel &amp; Lagomarsino, Laura P." docDate="2022" docId="ED3F46791AD65D569DB052BB466B8F71" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 197: 81-148" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 197" docPubDate="2022-05-30" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.197.81367" docTitle="Virola calimensis D. Santam. 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="37EA452A15155D1CB85CA350AF70A112" lastPageNumber="81" masterDocId="37EA452A15155D1CB85CA350AF70A112" masterDocTitle="New Species of Virola (Myristicaceae) from South America" masterLastPageNumber="148" masterPageNumber="81" pageNumber="81" updateTime="1653996075631" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>New Species of Virola (Myristicaceae) from South America</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Santamaria-Aguilar, Daniel</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6339-8250</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Shirley C. Tucker Herbarium, Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, 103 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 - 1705, USA &amp; Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">daniel.santamaria366@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lagomarsino, Laura P.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Shirley C. Tucker Herbarium, Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, 103 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 - 1705, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2022-05-30</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>197</mods:number>
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<mods:start>81</mods:start>
<mods:end>148</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.197.81367</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.197.81367</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-197-81</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">37EA452A15155D1CB85CA350AF70A112</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ED3F46791AD65D569DB052BB466B8F71" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/ED3F46791AD65D569DB052BB466B8F71" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
4. 
<taxonomicName LSID="ED3F4679-1AD6-5D56-9DB0-52BB466B8F71" authority="D. Santam." authorityName="D. Santam." authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola calimensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="calimensis" status="sp. nov.">Virola calimensis D. Santam.</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="81">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1984-08-03" collectorName="M. Monsalve, Fig." country="Colombia" county="Bajo Calima" elevation="100" latitude="3.9166667" location="Buenaventura" longLatPrecision="1307" longitude="-77.0" municipality="Pulpapel" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Valle del Cauca" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<collectingCountry name="Colombia">Colombia</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion country="Colombia" name="Valle del Cauca">Valle del Cauca</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: 
<collectingCounty>Bajo Calima</collectingCounty>
, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="concesión">concesion</normalizedToken>
<collectingMunicipality>Pulpapel</collectingMunicipality>
/ 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ED3F46791AD65D569DB052BB466B8F71:5E83038FC53A190E080383CDC7E4E937" country="Colombia" county="Bajo Calima" latitude="3.9166667" longLatPrecision="1307" longitude="-77.0" municipality="Pulpapel" name="Buenaventura" stateProvince="Valle del Cauca">Buenaventura</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="03" direction="north" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="3.9166667">03°55'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="077" direction="west" minutes="00" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-77.0">077°00'W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="100.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate value="1984-08-03">03 Aug 1984</collectingDate>
(fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<collectorName>M. Monsalve</collectorName>
158
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
: MO! [accession 3624779, barcode MO-2657915]; isotype: INPA [accession 147738; image!], JAUM [accession 007410]). 
<collectorName>Fig.</collectorName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Virola calimensis A branch with staminate inflorescence and detail of trichomes on abaxial surface B closeup of partial staminate inflorescence C staminate perianth, with detail of trichomes (left) D medial sections of staminate flower showing the internal surface and androecium, with a closeup of filament column and anthers (right) E partial infructescence and open fruit (above), showing the seed with laciniate aril. Drawn by Bobbi Angell based on C. Jativa &amp; C. Epling 1143 (A-D MO), and M. Monsalve 158 (E MO)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.197.81367.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688797" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">9</figureCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola calimensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="calimensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Virola calimensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was previously confused with 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="V." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. calophylla" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calophylla">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. calophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="V." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. macrocarpa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. macrocarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Perhaps because of stellate, sessile trichomes and lateral veins that are well separated. Morphologically it differs from 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="V." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. calophylla" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calophylla">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. calophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having flowers with longer staminate perianth (2.5-3.5 mm vs. 1-2.1 mm), the internal surface densely pubescent (vs. glabrescent), long anthers (0.6-1 [-1.2] mm vs. 0.4-0.5 mm), and large fruits (2.8-3.1 cm long vs. 1.6-1.5 cm). Differs from 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="V." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. macrocarpa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. macrocarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in leaf blades abaxially densely pubescent (vs. sparsely pubescent), fruits globose (vs. ellipsoid), shorter (2.8-3.1 cm long vs. [2.7-] 3.5-4.5 cm).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Tree</emphasis>
5-20 or 30 m tall 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
25-28 cm in diameter, inner bark described once as brown, cracked, rough. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Exudate</emphasis>
reddish, location of exudate on plant not stated, or described as being present in the inflorescence, but with no information about color. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Twigs</emphasis>
0.3-0.33 cm thick, terete or slightly compressed, inconspicuously pubescent, trichomes dendritic, sessile, brown reddish, without lenticels. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Leaves</emphasis>
young terminal bud not seen; petiole 1.5-2.4 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.22-0.4 cm, slightly canaliculate, sometimes slightly winged, glabrescent, or inconspicuously tomentose to tomentulose, the trichomes dendritic; leaf blades 19-25 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
7.3-11 cm, widely oblong to elliptical; adaxial surface of mature leaves drying brown to olive, the surface smooth, sometimes shiny, glabrous; abaxial surface drying brown reddish to grayish brown, densely pubescent, the trichomes stellate, ca. 0.1 mm diameter, sessile, the central part of the trichome dark reddish, the branches pale reddish; lateral veins ca. 12-13 (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">W. Devia 3086</emphasis>
), 3-4 veins per 5 cm, spaced 1.3-2.3 cm apart, flat to slightly raised on adaxial surface, raised on abaxial surface and slightly darker than on adaxial surface, puberulent, densely tomentose to glabrescent above, densely pubescent to the sides, arcuate-ascending distally, slightly anastomosing near the margin and without forming a marked intramarginal vein; tertiary veins slightly visible on both sides; midvein adaxially slightly elevated, abaxially raised, rounded to rectangular, glabrescent to tomentose; base obtuse, not revolute, flat; margin flat; apex acuminate. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Staminate inflorescence</emphasis>
6-8 cm long, axes flattened, tomentose, with trichomes dendritic, brown-reddish; peduncle 1.3-2.8 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.28-0.4 cm; main axes with 5-11 ramifications, the first pair opposite to subopposite, the others alternate; bracts not seen. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Staminate flowers</emphasis>
(in bud) in lax terminal fascicles of 3-5 flowers, on a receptacle 3-5 mm wide; perianth 2.5-3.5 mm long, elongate to rhomboid, fleshy, ferruginous when fresh (probably by the trichomes), connate to 1.1-1.7 mm in length, external surface densely pubescent with ferruginous and dendritic trichomes, internal surface densely pubescent (especially in the lobes) with ferruginous trichomes; lobes 3, 1.3-2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.9-1.5 mm and 0.3-0.7 mm thick, without resinous punctuations when rehydrated; stamens 3, the filament column 0.4-0.6 (-0.8) mm long and 0.2-0.4 mm wide, glabrous, straight, not constricted at the apex; anthers 0.6-1 (-1.2) mm long and 0.2-0.3 mm wide; apiculus 0.1-0.2 mm long, acuminate, slightly separated distally. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Pistillate inflorescence</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">flowers</emphasis>
unknown. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Infructescence</emphasis>
ca. 4.5 cm long, with 2 fruits, peduncle ca. 1.7 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.5 cm. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Fruits</emphasis>
ca. 3.3-4.2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.8-3.1 cm, color not described when fresh, globose, shortly stipitate, densely tomentose, the trichomes dendritic, sessile, ferruginous, the trichomes not falling easily like dust, the surface slightly rugose, the line of dehiscence slightly carinate, the base obtuse, the apex acute; pericarp ca. 3.8-4 mm thick; pedicel ca. 0.6 cm long. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Seed</emphasis>
ca. 2.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.1 cm, the testa when dry brown reddish, slightly ribbed from the base to the apex; aril color when fresh not described, blackish to brown reddish when dry, the texture dry and thin, laciniate almost to the base, in narrow bands distally.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Distinctive characters.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola calimensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="calimensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Virola calimensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be recognized by its broad staminate inflorescence, few-flowered inflorescences, elongate to rhomboid, fleshy, densely pubescent perianth, very fleshy filament column and shorter (0.4-0.6 [-0.8] mm long) than the anthers (0.6-1 [-1.2] mm long), and globose, tomentose fruit with trichomes that do not fall easily and with a thick (3.8-4 mm) pericarp (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Comparison of fruits of newly described Virola species, with those species that are morphologically similar to them, noting the shape, indument, a pericarp thickness A V. aguarunana (C. Diaz et al. 7195, MO) B V. alvaroperezii (D. Rubio et al. 2205, MO) C V. bombuscaroensis (J. Homeier 4507, MO) D V. calimensis (M. Monsalve 158, MO) E V. calophylla (J. J. Pipoly 15614, MO) F V. calophylloidea (S. R. Lowrie et al. 54, MO) G V. cogolloi (D. Cardenas &amp; E. Alvarez 3239, MO) H V. macrocarpa (A. E. Lawrance 675, MO) I V. excisa (W. Palacios 3186, MO) J V. obovata (R. Vasquez &amp; N. Jaramillo 3822, MO) K V. peruviana (D. N. Smith &amp; V. Garcia 13841, MO). L V. parkeri (A. Monteagudo et al. 10761, MO) M V. yasuniana (A. Perez &amp; W. Santillan 4361, MO; right and below from V. Zak &amp; S. Espinoza 5149, MO) N V. tuckerae (A. Cogollo et al. 3924, COL). Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.197.81367.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688794" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">6D</figureCitation>
). Like other species described here, the abaxial side of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="V." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. calimensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calimensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. calimensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
' leaves are covered with stellate, sessile trichomes whose central portion is darker than the branches on their abaxial surfaces. It further has lateral veins that are well separated (1.3-2.3 cm spaced) (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Comparation of pattern of the lateral veins and trichomes on abaxial leaf surface (below) of the newly described species of Virola and species that are morphologically similar A Virola aguarunana (C. Diaz et al. 7700 A, MO) B V. alvaroperezii (G. Tipaz et al. 1789, MO) C V. bombuscaroensis (J. Homeier 4507, MO) D V. calimensis (M. Monsalve 1769, MO) E V. calophylla (J. E. L. da S. Ribeiro et al. 1138, MO) F V. calophylloidea (C. C. Berg et al. P 18793, MO) G V. cogolloi (A. Cogollo et al. 4198, MO) H V. excisa (C. E. Ceron &amp; F. Hurtado 4147, MO) I V. obovata (R. Vasquez &amp; N. Jaramillo 3822, MO; below from A. [H.] Gentry &amp; J. Revilla 20448, MO) J V. macrocarpa (A. E. Lawrence 675, K below A. E. Lawrence 675, MO) K V. parkeri (A. Monteagudo et al. 10761, MO; below from M. Huaman et al. 334, MO) L V. peruviana (W. H. Lewis et al. 10074, MO) M V. sebifera (R. Aguilar 2171, MO) N V. tuckerae (A. Cogollo et al. 4147, MO) O V. yasuniana (H. Vargas &amp; J. Cerda 678, MO). Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.197.81367.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688792" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">4D</figureCitation>
) and a relatively long and thick petiole.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">The specific epithet of the new species refers to the Bajo Calima region (Valle del Cauca department, Colombia), the region where most specimens of this new species come from.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola calimensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="calimensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Virola calimensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in the Pacific coast of Colombia (Valle del Cauca department) and Ecuador (Esmeraldas province) at elevations ranging from 5 to 260 m (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Geographic distribution of the new species of Virola." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.197.81367.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688806" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">18C</figureCitation>
). According to the field notes of the specimens collected in Colombia (e.g., 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">M. Monsalve 158</emphasis>
), the species grows in nutrient poor soils with a high concentration of aluminum. See 
<bibRefCitation author="Gentry, AH" journalOrPublisher="Caldasia" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="71 - 91" publicationUrl="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43406071?seq=1metadata_info_tab_contents" refId="B21" refString="Gentry, AH, 1986. Species richness and floristic composition of Choco region plant communities. Caldasia 15: 71 - 91, https://www.jstor.org/stable/43406071?seq=1metadata_info_tab_contents" title="Species richness and floristic composition of Choco region plant communities." url="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43406071?seq=1metadata_info_tab_contents" volume="15" year="1986">Gentry (1986)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2388682" author="Faber-Langendoen, D" journalOrPublisher="Biotropica" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="2 - 11" refId="B19" refString="Faber-Langendoen, D, Gentry, AH, 1991. The structure and diversity of rain forests at Bajo Calima, Choco Region, Western Colombia. Biotropica 23 (1): 2 - 11, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2388682" title="The structure and diversity of rain forests at Bajo Calima, Choco Region, Western Colombia." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2388682" volume="23" year="1991">Faber-Langendoen and Gentry (1991)</bibRefCitation>
and Marcano-Berti and Aymard C. (2021) for more information about this region.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="phenology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
Staminate flowers of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola calimensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="calimensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Virola calimensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been recorded in March, May, June, July, and September. Fruits have been observed in June and August. Pistillate flowers were not seen in the studied material.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="common name and uses">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Common name and uses.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
Cuangare (Colombia; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">M. Monsalve 158</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="preliminary conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Preliminary conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola calimensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="calimensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Virola calimensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is Endangered following IUCN criteria B1a and B2a. It is known from three localities, has an EOO of 313 km2, and an AOO of 12 km2. While its small range justifies this preliminary status, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="V." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. calimensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calimensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. calimensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
benefits from growing in regions with relatively low rates of deforestation compared to the rest of the region (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boab061" author="Antonelli, A" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="8 - 24" refId="B3" refString="Antonelli, A, 2022. The rise and fall of Neotropical biodiversity. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 199 (1): 8 - 24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boab061" title="The rise and fall of Neotropical biodiversity." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boab061" volume="199" year="2022">Antonelli 2022</bibRefCitation>
), which is in part due to collective land titling by Afro-Colombian communities in Valle del Cauca, Colombia (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.104837" author="Velez, MA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Plant Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" refId="B88" refString="Velez, MA, Robalino, J, Cardenas, JC, Paz, A, Pacay, E, 2020. Is collective titling enough to protect forests? Evidence from Afro-descendant communities in the Colombian Pacific region. World Development 128: e104837. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.104837" title="Is collective titling enough to protect forests? Evidence from Afro-descendant communities in the Colombian Pacific region. World Development 128: e 104837." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.104837" year="2020">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vélez">Velez</normalizedToken>
et al. 2020
</bibRefCitation>
) and proximity to the 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Awá">Awa</normalizedToken>
Reserve (
<bibRefCitation author="Oviedo, G" journalOrPublisher="Parks" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="49 - 55" publicationUrl="https://www.iucn.org/sites/dev/files/import/downloads/parks_16_1_forweb.pdf" refId="B49" refString="Oviedo, G, 2006. Community conserved areas in South America. Parks 16 (1): 49 - 55, https://www.iucn.org/sites/dev/files/import/downloads/parks_16_1_forweb.pdf" title="Community conserved areas in South America." url="https://www.iucn.org/sites/dev/files/import/downloads/parks_16_1_forweb.pdf" volume="16" year="2006">Oviedo 2006</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
Herbarium specimens of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola calimensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="calimensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Virola calimensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were previously identified as 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="V." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. calophylla" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calophylla">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. calophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and/or 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="V." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. macrocarpa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. macrocarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This misidentification was probably due to characteristics shared with 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="V." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. calophylla" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calophylla">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. calophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: stellate, sessile trichomes and lateral veins that are well separated, as well as their lax, few-flowered staminate inflorescences that are relatively wide (these traits are unknown in 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="V." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. macrocarpa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. macrocarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). However, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="V." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. calimensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calimensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. calimensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="V." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. calophylla" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calophylla">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. calophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having fleshier, longer staminate perianth with indument on the internal surface and a filament column that is shorter than the anthers. The new species also differs in the size and shape of its fruit as compared to 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="V." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. calophylla" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calophylla">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. calophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="V." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. macrocarpa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. macrocarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). A summary of the characteristics that differentiate these three species is presented in Table 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="T4" captionText="Table 4. Comparison of Virola calimensis, with V. macrocarpa. † From Smith and Wodehouse (1938)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/42790465A1516E33F52516648AF0F057" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" tableUuid="42790465A1516E33F52516648AF0F057">4</tableCitation>
, and 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="T5" captionText="Table 5. Comparison of Virola calimensis, with V. calophylla." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/6458C0AD5140DD73587CC28C52091664" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" tableUuid="6458C0AD5140DD73587CC28C52091664">5</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="42790465A1516E33F52516648AF0F057" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/42790465A1516E33F52516648AF0F057" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" start="Table 4" startId="T4">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Table 4.</emphasis>
Comparison of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola calimensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="calimensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Virola calimensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="V." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. macrocarpa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. macrocarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. †From 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2804799" author="Smith, AC" journalOrPublisher="Brittonia" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="393 - 510" refId="B74" refString="Smith, AC, Wodehouse, RP, 1938. The American species of Myristicaceae. Brittonia 2 (5): 393 - 510, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2804799" title="The American species of Myristicaceae." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2804799" volume="2" year="1938">Smith and Wodehouse (1938)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">Morphological character</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="V." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. calimensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calimensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. calimensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="V." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. macrocarpa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. macrocarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">Leaf blades size, and pubescence abaxially</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
19-25 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
7.3-11 cm; densely pubescent (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Comparation of pattern of the lateral veins and trichomes on abaxial leaf surface (below) of the newly described species of Virola and species that are morphologically similar A Virola aguarunana (C. Diaz et al. 7700 A, MO) B V. alvaroperezii (G. Tipaz et al. 1789, MO) C V. bombuscaroensis (J. Homeier 4507, MO) D V. calimensis (M. Monsalve 1769, MO) E V. calophylla (J. E. L. da S. Ribeiro et al. 1138, MO) F V. calophylloidea (C. C. Berg et al. P 18793, MO) G V. cogolloi (A. Cogollo et al. 4198, MO) H V. excisa (C. E. Ceron &amp; F. Hurtado 4147, MO) I V. obovata (R. Vasquez &amp; N. Jaramillo 3822, MO; below from A. [H.] Gentry &amp; J. Revilla 20448, MO) J V. macrocarpa (A. E. Lawrence 675, K below A. E. Lawrence 675, MO) K V. parkeri (A. Monteagudo et al. 10761, MO; below from M. Huaman et al. 334, MO) L V. peruviana (W. H. Lewis et al. 10074, MO) M V. sebifera (R. Aguilar 2171, MO) N V. tuckerae (A. Cogollo et al. 4147, MO) O V. yasuniana (H. Vargas &amp; J. Cerda 678, MO). Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.197.81367.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688792" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">4D</figureCitation>
)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
20-40 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
7-11 cm†; sparsely pubescent (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Comparation of pattern of the lateral veins and trichomes on abaxial leaf surface (below) of the newly described species of Virola and species that are morphologically similar A Virola aguarunana (C. Diaz et al. 7700 A, MO) B V. alvaroperezii (G. Tipaz et al. 1789, MO) C V. bombuscaroensis (J. Homeier 4507, MO) D V. calimensis (M. Monsalve 1769, MO) E V. calophylla (J. E. L. da S. Ribeiro et al. 1138, MO) F V. calophylloidea (C. C. Berg et al. P 18793, MO) G V. cogolloi (A. Cogollo et al. 4198, MO) H V. excisa (C. E. Ceron &amp; F. Hurtado 4147, MO) I V. obovata (R. Vasquez &amp; N. Jaramillo 3822, MO; below from A. [H.] Gentry &amp; J. Revilla 20448, MO) J V. macrocarpa (A. E. Lawrence 675, K below A. E. Lawrence 675, MO) K V. parkeri (A. Monteagudo et al. 10761, MO; below from M. Huaman et al. 334, MO) L V. peruviana (W. H. Lewis et al. 10074, MO) M V. sebifera (R. Aguilar 2171, MO) N V. tuckerae (A. Cogollo et al. 4147, MO) O V. yasuniana (H. Vargas &amp; J. Cerda 678, MO). Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.197.81367.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688792" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">4J</figureCitation>
)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">Spaced lateral veins</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">1.3-2.3 cm apart</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">1.7-3 cm apart</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">Fruit shape, and long</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
Globose, 2.8-3.1 cm (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Comparison of fruits of newly described Virola species, with those species that are morphologically similar to them, noting the shape, indument, a pericarp thickness A V. aguarunana (C. Diaz et al. 7195, MO) B V. alvaroperezii (D. Rubio et al. 2205, MO) C V. bombuscaroensis (J. Homeier 4507, MO) D V. calimensis (M. Monsalve 158, MO) E V. calophylla (J. J. Pipoly 15614, MO) F V. calophylloidea (S. R. Lowrie et al. 54, MO) G V. cogolloi (D. Cardenas &amp; E. Alvarez 3239, MO) H V. macrocarpa (A. E. Lawrance 675, MO) I V. excisa (W. Palacios 3186, MO) J V. obovata (R. Vasquez &amp; N. Jaramillo 3822, MO) K V. peruviana (D. N. Smith &amp; V. Garcia 13841, MO). L V. parkeri (A. Monteagudo et al. 10761, MO) M V. yasuniana (A. Perez &amp; W. Santillan 4361, MO; right and below from V. Zak &amp; S. Espinoza 5149, MO) N V. tuckerae (A. Cogollo et al. 3924, COL). Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.197.81367.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688794" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">6D</figureCitation>
)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
Ellipsoid, (2.7-) 3.5-4.5 cm (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Comparison of fruits of newly described Virola species, with those species that are morphologically similar to them, noting the shape, indument, a pericarp thickness A V. aguarunana (C. Diaz et al. 7195, MO) B V. alvaroperezii (D. Rubio et al. 2205, MO) C V. bombuscaroensis (J. Homeier 4507, MO) D V. calimensis (M. Monsalve 158, MO) E V. calophylla (J. J. Pipoly 15614, MO) F V. calophylloidea (S. R. Lowrie et al. 54, MO) G V. cogolloi (D. Cardenas &amp; E. Alvarez 3239, MO) H V. macrocarpa (A. E. Lawrance 675, MO) I V. excisa (W. Palacios 3186, MO) J V. obovata (R. Vasquez &amp; N. Jaramillo 3822, MO) K V. peruviana (D. N. Smith &amp; V. Garcia 13841, MO). L V. parkeri (A. Monteagudo et al. 10761, MO) M V. yasuniana (A. Perez &amp; W. Santillan 4361, MO; right and below from V. Zak &amp; S. Espinoza 5149, MO) N V. tuckerae (A. Cogollo et al. 3924, COL). Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.197.81367.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688794" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">6H</figureCitation>
)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">Pericarp thickness</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">ca. 3.8-4 mm</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">(2.7-) 3-4.7 mm</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">Seed size</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
ca. 2.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.1 cm
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
2.2-2.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.5-1.7 cm†
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">Habitat</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">Lowland rain forest, Colombia (Valle del Cauca), and Ecuador (Esmeraldas), at 20 to 260 m elevation</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
Montane forests, Andes of Colombia (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Boyacá">Boyaca</normalizedToken>
), at 1100 m elevation†
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
The first collection of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola calimensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="calimensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Virola calimensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was made 76 years ago by 
<normalizedToken originalValue="José">Jose</normalizedToken>
Cuatrecasas (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">J. Cuatrecasas 17540</emphasis>
; 5-15 May 1944) in 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Cajambre, Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Six years later, 
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, AC" journalOrPublisher="Contributions from the United States National Herbarium" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="317 - 393" refId="B71" refString="Smith, AC, 1950. Studies of South American plants, XII. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 29: 317 - 393" title="Studies of South American plants, XII." volume="29" year="1950">Smith (1950)</bibRefCitation>
attributed this Cuatrecasas collection to 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="V." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. macrocarpa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. macrocarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which he used to describe staminate inflorescences; however, he expressed doubt in this and stressed the need for more material, stating that this collection &quot; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">has leaves considerably smaller</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">although similar in texture, shape, and indument</emphasis>
.&quot; 
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, AC" journalOrPublisher="Contributions from the United States National Herbarium" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="317 - 393" refId="B71" refString="Smith, AC, 1950. Studies of South American plants, XII. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 29: 317 - 393" title="Studies of South American plants, XII." volume="29" year="1950">Smith (1950)</bibRefCitation>
refers to two additional collections from Colombia with very young inflorescences, which we could not study, as 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="V." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. macrocarpa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. macrocarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; these are 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">J. Cuatrecasas 15596, 16613</emphasis>
(A, F [as Ch]) from the Western Cordillera (1250-1400 m elevations) and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chocó">Choco</normalizedToken>
region (5-50 m elevations) respectively.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="6458C0AD5140DD73587CC28C52091664" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/6458C0AD5140DD73587CC28C52091664" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" start="Table 5" startId="T5">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Table 5.</emphasis>
Comparison of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola calimensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="calimensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Virola calimensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="V." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. calophylla" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calophylla">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. calophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">Morphological character</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="V." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. calimensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calimensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. calimensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="V." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. calophylla" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calophylla">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. calophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">Leaf blade size, and base</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
19-25 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
7.3-11 cm, obtuse
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
(15-) 20-60 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
10-16 cm; (usually) deeply cordate to truncate (obtuse)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1"># of lateral veins</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">ca. 12-13</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">11-28</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">Length of staminate inflorescences</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">6-8 cm</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">6-30 cm</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">Staminate perianth long, and internal surface</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">2.5-3.5 mm; densely pubescent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">1-2.1 mm; glabrescent</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">Long filament column</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">0.4-0.6 (-0.8) mm</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">0.2-0.6 mm</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">Long anthers</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">0.6-1 (-1.2) mm</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">0.4-0.5 mm</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">Fruit size</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
ca. 3.3-4.2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.8-3.1 cm (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Comparison of fruits of newly described Virola species, with those species that are morphologically similar to them, noting the shape, indument, a pericarp thickness A V. aguarunana (C. Diaz et al. 7195, MO) B V. alvaroperezii (D. Rubio et al. 2205, MO) C V. bombuscaroensis (J. Homeier 4507, MO) D V. calimensis (M. Monsalve 158, MO) E V. calophylla (J. J. Pipoly 15614, MO) F V. calophylloidea (S. R. Lowrie et al. 54, MO) G V. cogolloi (D. Cardenas &amp; E. Alvarez 3239, MO) H V. macrocarpa (A. E. Lawrance 675, MO) I V. excisa (W. Palacios 3186, MO) J V. obovata (R. Vasquez &amp; N. Jaramillo 3822, MO) K V. peruviana (D. N. Smith &amp; V. Garcia 13841, MO). L V. parkeri (A. Monteagudo et al. 10761, MO) M V. yasuniana (A. Perez &amp; W. Santillan 4361, MO; right and below from V. Zak &amp; S. Espinoza 5149, MO) N V. tuckerae (A. Cogollo et al. 3924, COL). Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.197.81367.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688794" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">6D</figureCitation>
)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
2.5-3 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.6-1.5 cm (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Comparison of fruits of newly described Virola species, with those species that are morphologically similar to them, noting the shape, indument, a pericarp thickness A V. aguarunana (C. Diaz et al. 7195, MO) B V. alvaroperezii (D. Rubio et al. 2205, MO) C V. bombuscaroensis (J. Homeier 4507, MO) D V. calimensis (M. Monsalve 158, MO) E V. calophylla (J. J. Pipoly 15614, MO) F V. calophylloidea (S. R. Lowrie et al. 54, MO) G V. cogolloi (D. Cardenas &amp; E. Alvarez 3239, MO) H V. macrocarpa (A. E. Lawrance 675, MO) I V. excisa (W. Palacios 3186, MO) J V. obovata (R. Vasquez &amp; N. Jaramillo 3822, MO) K V. peruviana (D. N. Smith &amp; V. Garcia 13841, MO). L V. parkeri (A. Monteagudo et al. 10761, MO) M V. yasuniana (A. Perez &amp; W. Santillan 4361, MO; right and below from V. Zak &amp; S. Espinoza 5149, MO) N V. tuckerae (A. Cogollo et al. 3924, COL). Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.197.81367.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688794" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">6E</figureCitation>
)
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2398916" author="Walker, JW" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Plant Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" refId="B89" refString="Walker, JW, Walker, AG, 1979. Comparative pollen morphology of the American Myristicaceous genera Compsoneura and Virola. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 66(4): 731-755. https://doi.org/10.2307/2398916" title="Comparative pollen morphology of the American Myristicaceous genera Compsoneura and Virola. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 66 (4): 731 - 755." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2398916" year="1979">Walker and Walker (1979</bibRefCitation>
; fig. 44) illustrated the pollen of the first collection of this species (again, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">J. Cuatrecasas 17540</emphasis>
; 5-15 May 1944), then attributed to 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="V." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. macrocarpa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. macrocarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It was assigned to Pollen Type I (more information can be found in their publication).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
The specimens 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">C. Jativa &amp; C. Epling 1143</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">M. Monsalve 158</emphasis>
, mentioned under 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="V." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. macrocarpa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. macrocarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Flora of Ecuador</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Jaramillo, TS" editor="Harling, GW" journalOrPublisher="University of Goeteborg, Goeteborg" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 101" refId="B33" refString="Jaramillo, TS, Muriel, P, Balslev, H, 2004. Myristicaceae. In: Harling, GW, Andersson, L, Eds., Flora of Ecuador. University of Goeteborg, Goeteborg 72: 1 - 101" title="Myristicaceae." volume="72" volumeTitle="Flora of Ecuador." year="2004">Jaramillo et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
) and 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
La Familia de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Árboles">Arboles</normalizedToken>
Tropicales 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="V." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Myristicaceae</taxonomicName>
en el Departamento del Valle del Cauca, Colombia
</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Taylor, CM" journalOrPublisher="Biota Colombiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="106 - 108" publicationUrl="http://revistas.humboldt.org.co/index.php/biota/article/view/58" refId="B77" refString="Taylor, CM, Devia Alvarez, W, 2000. La familia de arboles tropicales Myristicaceae en el departamento del Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Biota Colombiana 1: 106 - 108, http://revistas.humboldt.org.co/index.php/biota/article/view/58" title="La familia de arboles tropicales Myristicaceae en el departamento del Valle del Cauca, Colombia." url="http://revistas.humboldt.org.co/index.php/biota/article/view/58" volume="1" year="2000">
Taylor and Devia 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Álvarez">Alvarez</normalizedToken>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
) correspond to this new species. The digital images of 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">W. Devia et al. 5091</emphasis>
(st), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">5461</emphasis>
(st), all at TULV, appear to correspond with 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="V." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. calimensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calimensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. calimensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as well.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1961-06-28" collectorName="I. Cabrera" country="Colombia" elevation="18" location="Bajo Calima" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Valle del Cauca">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<collectingCountry name="Colombia">Colombia</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion country="Colombia" name="Valle del Cauca">Valle del Cauca</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ED3F46791AD65D569DB052BB466B8F71:6DA0958DC455098843BCBDB5A673C792" country="Colombia" name="Bajo Calima" stateProvince="Valle del Cauca">Bajo Calima</location>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" unit="m" value="17.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="15.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" unit="m" value="17.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="15.0">15-20 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate value="1961-06-28">28 Jun 1961</collectingDate>
(fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<collectorName>I. Cabrera</collectorName>
556
</emphasis>
(COL)
</materialsCitation>
;
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1944-05-05" collectingDateMax="1991-05" collectingDateMin="1944-05-05" collectorName="J. Cuatrecasas, Malaga Km., W. Devia, M. Monsalve, C. Jativa, C. Epling" country="Ecuador" county="Costa del Pacifico" elevation="43" latitude="1.19" location="Silva" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-78.50833" municipality="Rio Cajambre" specimenCount="♂" stateProvince="Esmeraldas">
<collectingCounty>
Costa del 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pacífico">Pacifico</normalizedToken>
</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Cajambre
</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ED3F46791AD65D569DB052BB466B8F71:7C41F8B17CE6DA96740FDC6E80B9A13E" country="Ecuador" county="Costa del Pacifico" latitude="1.19" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-78.50833" municipality="Rio Cajambre" name="Silva" stateProvince="Esmeraldas">Silva</location>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="0.5" unit="m" value="42.5" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="5.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="0.5" unit="m" value="42.5" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="5.0">5-80 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate value="1944-05-05" valueMax="1944-05-15" valueMin="1944-05-05">5-15 May 1944</collectingDate>
(
<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<collectorName>J. Cuatrecasas</collectorName>
17540
</emphasis>
(A!, F [image!]); 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ED3F46791AD65D569DB052BB466B8F71:9C32A3B92477005E6DFC1F39A9AFDB5A" country="Ecuador" county="Costa del Pacifico" latitude="1.19" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-78.50833" municipality="Rio Cajambre" name="Buenaventura" stateProvince="Esmeraldas">Buenaventura</location>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ED3F46791AD65D569DB052BB466B8F71:30CB0CE508E18AE967173089F2AC6F49" country="Ecuador" county="Costa del Pacifico" latitude="1.19" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-78.50833" municipality="Rio Cajambre" name="Carton de Colombia" stateProvince="Esmeraldas">Carton de Colombia</location>
, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vía">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ED3F46791AD65D569DB052BB466B8F71:F748372D1F79C05098435926D0BC5307" country="Ecuador" county="Costa del Pacifico" latitude="1.19" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-78.50833" municipality="Rio Cajambre" name="Via" stateProvince="Esmeraldas">Via</location>
</normalizedToken>
a 
<collectorName>Malaga Km.</collectorName>
22, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ED3F46791AD65D569DB052BB466B8F71:87859D3BC6A3641E8092A2BA491C198A" country="Ecuador" county="Costa del Pacifico" latitude="1.19" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-78.50833" municipality="Rio Cajambre" name="Frente Hans" stateProvince="Esmeraldas">Frente Hans</location>
, [
<geoCoordinate degrees="03" direction="north" minutes="59" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="47" value="3.996389">03°59'47&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="076" direction="west" minutes="58" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="28" value="-76.97444">076°58'28&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
], 
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="m" value="20.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate value="1990-03-01">01 Mar 1990</collectingDate>
(fl bud), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<collectorName>W. Devia</collectorName>
3086
</emphasis>
(MO-2 sheets!, TULV [image!], UPCB [n.v]); B/ventura [Buenaventura], Canalete, km 28 
<normalizedToken originalValue="vía">via</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Málaga">Malaga</normalizedToken>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="m" value="50.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, [s.d.] 
<collectingDate value="1991-05">May 1991</collectingDate>
(fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<collectorName>W. Devia</collectorName>
3253
</emphasis>
(NY!); Bajo Calima, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="concesión">concesion</normalizedToken>
Pulpapel/ Buenaventura, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="03" direction="north" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="3.9166667">03°55'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="077" direction="west" minutes="00" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-77.0">077°00'W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="100.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate value="1986-03-11">11 Mar 1986</collectingDate>
(
<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
bud fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<collectorName>M. Monsalve</collectorName>
968
</emphasis>
(INPA [image!], MO!); ibid., 
<collectingDate value="1987-09-22">22 Sep 1987</collectingDate>
(
<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
bud fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<collectorName>M. Monsalve</collectorName>
1769
</emphasis>
(F [image!], INPA [image!], MO!). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<collectingCountry name="Ecuador">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion country="Ecuador" name="Esmeraldas">Esmeraldas</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: At Tobar Donoso, junct. of 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ED3F46791AD65D569DB052BB466B8F71:94D062F51929D2DAC5625A5793BEE16E" country="Ecuador" county="Costa del Pacifico" latitude="1.19" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-78.50833" municipality="Rio Cajambre" name="Rio San Juan" stateProvince="Esmeraldas">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
San Juan
</location>
and 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ED3F46791AD65D569DB052BB466B8F71:B03F4C418BFF1D6285F87B7ED7ADE9BA" country="Ecuador" county="Costa del Pacifico" latitude="1.19" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-78.50833" municipality="Rio Cajambre" name="Rio Camumbi" stateProvince="Esmeraldas">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Camumbi
</location>
, [
<geoCoordinate degrees="01" direction="north" minutes="11" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="24" value="1.19">01°11'24&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="078" direction="west" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="30" value="-78.50833">078°30'30&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
], 
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" unit="m" value="260.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" unit="m" value="260.0">260 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate value="1966-07-25">25 Jul 1966</collectingDate>
(
<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<collectorName>C. Jativa</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName>C. Epling</collectorName>
1129
</emphasis>
(NY!); ibid., 
<collectingDate value="1966-07-27">27 Jul 1966</collectingDate>
(
<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<collectorName>C. Jativa</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName>C. Epling</collectorName>
1143
</emphasis>
(MO!, NY!, US [image!])
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>