481 lines
59 KiB
XML
481 lines
59 KiB
XML
<document id="DA525F5E0EB1FDD6937F7166C613E963" ID-CLB-Dataset="27899" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4526.1.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="da73eda4-e16a-4040-8114-779dbb619c3a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2611426" ID-ZooBank="6D2DAAB6-6C42-41BE-A22B-520958792E5C" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553697141568" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Psomadakis, Peter N." docDate="2018" docId="96368788CE6EFF8A52E98A9EFEAFFA28" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4526.1.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4526 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Ophichthus naga Psomadakis 2018, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="78" masterDocId="6A0FFFF0CE6AFF8D527E8915FFF1FFE8" masterDocTitle="Snake eels of the genus Ophichthus (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae) from Myanmar (Indian Ocean) with the description of two new species" masterLastPageNumber="83" masterPageNumber="71" pageNumber="75" updateTime="1698714194548" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="F351812A5CDE489773573BD682298924" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="CFDF448F0DE46A5BF59B60498B509FD1">
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<mods:title id="08367B15238CC4F25B4C87B3D134BF4A">Snake eels of the genus Ophichthus (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae) from Myanmar (Indian Ocean) with the description of two new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="1632190BBEA79B5E642F5F89BA6351ED" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="E4516E8DDA0051812C3EF4EBA6670384">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="D67340EEB856C2EF4B65ACCA7D2BABCA">Psomadakis, Peter N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="8F6A7FE0668504552824924FF4A50FBA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="2FDB7B425DB5B97C4A475408957B2E2D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="996DE9D1234D4AA26119CD685A2BC840">
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<mods:date id="36C15DC484B068B1DEE01D57E910670C">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C088551FD9D7454E8AED6A0EC9E51D6B">2018-11-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="DF31B93047B20FE8BCD03339BA6C2814">4526</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="CE07D2EFD2461090D55D2D166F056815" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="2FC6EBC141AFA039D426105D3E0A68DD">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="842F0E39C1BB6A3851A47B4D00B7E744">71</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="0811AE01F06E242BE9DD814AEB715225" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4526.1.5</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="3CBA95E6671ED026FBEB6B72332B2AF2" type="GBIF-Dataset">da73eda4-e16a-4040-8114-779dbb619c3a</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B980DDF7571295FBB4F49BE54E07940A" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5A109870D1203F155175975DDF54451E" type="Zenodo-Dep">2611426</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="96368788CE6EFF8A52E98A9EFEAFFA28" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5990975" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154507509" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5990975" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:96368788CE6EFF8A52E98A9EFEAFFA28" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/96368788CE6EFF8A52E98A9EFEAFFA28" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
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<subSubSection id="56856515CE6EFF8952E98A9EFCF3FC2F" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="1E20369ECE6EFF8952E98A9EFCE2FC4E" blockId="4.[151,787,907,1003]" box="[151,787,907,934]" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
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<heading id="456881F2CE6EFF8952E98A9EFCE2FC4E" bold="true" box="[151,787,907,934]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" reason="1">
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||
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6EFF8952E98A9EFCE2FC4E" bold="true" box="[151,787,907,934]" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
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<taxonomicName id="D99F4D1DCE6EFF8952E98A9EFD5EFC4E" authority="McCosker & Psomadakis" authorityName="Psomadakis" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,687,907,934]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="naga" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6EFF8952E98A9EFE99FC4D" bold="true" box="[151,360,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Ophichthus naga</emphasis>
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McCosker & Psomadakis
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="37D857F7CE6EFF8950C88A99FCE2FC4E" box="[694,787,908,934]" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1E20369ECE6EFF8952E98ABAFCF3FC2F" blockId="4.[151,787,907,1003]" box="[151,770,942,967]" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">New English name: Deepwater demonic snake eel (En)</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="56856515CE6EFF8952E98AC7FEE3FC03" box="[151,274,978,1003]" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" type="description">
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<paragraph id="1E20369ECE6EFF8952E98AC7FEE3FC03" blockId="4.[151,787,907,1003]" box="[151,274,978,1003]" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
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(
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<figureCitation id="86A42A1BCE6EFF8952E18AC7FEF8FC03" box="[159,265,978,1003]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 4" captionStart-1="FIGURE 5" captionStart-2="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="5.[151,250,1112,1134]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,1776,1798]" captionStartId-2="6.[151,250,1760,1782]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1435,193,1091]" captionTargetBox-1="[316,1306,1368,1688]" captionTargetBox-2="[284,1237,430,1728]" captionTargetId-0="figure@5.[151,1435,193,1091]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[151,1437,1228,1771]" captionTargetId-2="figure@6.[284,1304,373,1738]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 4. Ophichthus naga McCosker & Psomadakis, sp. nov., holotype, USNM 438246, 573 mm TL, female. Photographed soon after capture and before preservation by P. N. Psomadakis. Arrows indicate the origins of the dorsal fin (left) and the anal fin (right)." captionText-1="FIGURE 5. Semi-diagrammatic illustration of left lateral head view of the holotype of Ophichthus naga McCosker & Psomadakis, sp. nov. Drawn by J.E. McCosker." captionText-2="FIGURE 6. Semi-diagrammatic illustration of the dentition of the holotype of Ophichthus naga McCosker & Psomadakis, sp. nov. Drawn by J.E. McCosker." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/2611434/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/2611436/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/2611438/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
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Figs. 4
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<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6EFF8952928AC7FF0BFC03" bold="true" box="[236,250,978,1003]" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">–</emphasis>
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6
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</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="56856515CE6EFF8952E98D0FFE90FB96" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="1E20369ECE6EFF8952E98D0FFE90FB96" blockId="4.[151,1436,1050,1978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
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<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6EFF8952E98D0FFDFDFBDB" bold="true" box="[151,524,1050,1075]" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
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Material examined.
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<materialsCitation id="AEF73CC3CE6EFF8953E88D0FFDFDFBDB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2029159479" box="[406,524,1050,1075]" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="V Dr. Fridtjof Nansen & Sta. & P. N. Psomadakis." country="Myanmar" elevation="457" latitude="14.001036" location="Delta" longLatPrecision="9" longitude="94.31817" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" specimenCode="USNM 438246, 573" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Ayeyawady" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="C124883CCE6EFF8953E88D0FFDF6FBDB" box="[406,519,1050,1075]" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</materialsCitation>
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCode id="4E399EE5CE6EFF8950648D0EFD21FBDB" box="[538,720,1050,1075]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" type="Museum">
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USNM
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<quantity id="D9679B7BCE6EFF8950078D0FFD21FBDB" box="[633,720,1050,1075]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.38246573" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" unit="mm" value="4.38246573E8">438246</quantity>
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</specimenCode>
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,
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<specimenCode id="4E399EE5CE6EFF89509D8D0FFCFCFBDB" box="[739,781,1050,1075]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" type="Museum">573</specimenCode>
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mm TL, a gravid female, off the
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<collectingRegion id="DC5BF87CCE6EFF8956C08D0FFABAFBDB" box="[1214,1355,1050,1075]" country="Myanmar" name="Ayeyawady" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Ayeyarwady</collectingRegion>
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||
<location id="1B406045CE6EFF8957268D0FFA66FBDB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:96368788CE6EFF8A52E98A9EFEAFFA28:1B406045CE6EFF8957268D0FFA66FBDB" box="[1368,1431,1050,1075]" country="Myanmar" latitude="14.001036" longLatPrecision="9" longitude="94.31817" name="Delta" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" stateProvince="Ayeyawady">Delta</location>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="6688760ECE6EFF8952E98D57FEF5FBB2" box="[151,260,1090,1114]" name="Myanmar" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="7BAB5059CE6EFF89536D8D57FE65FBB1" box="[275,404,1085,1114]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" precision="1" value="14.001036">
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||
14
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||
<superScript id="E9EA9BD6CE6EFF8953518D28FEC7FBA3" attach="none" box="[303,310,1085,1099]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">o</superScript>
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0 3.73 N
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||
</geoCoordinate>
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,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="7BAB5059CE6EFF8953E08D57FDEAFBB2" box="[414,539,1085,1114]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" precision="9" value="94.31817">
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||
94
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||
<superScript id="E9EA9BD6CE6EFF8953C48D28FE30FBA3" attach="none" box="[442,449,1085,1099]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">o</superScript>
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19.09 E
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</geoCoordinate>
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), R/
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<collectorName id="B36A5348CE6EFF8950348D57FCCEFBB1" box="[586,831,1089,1114]" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
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||
V
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<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6EFF89501A8D57FCCEFBB1" box="[612,831,1089,1114]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Dr. Fridtjof Nansen</emphasis>
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</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName id="B36A5348CE6EFF8951338D57FC89FBB2" box="[845,888,1090,1114]" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Sta.</collectorName>
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68, bottom trawl,
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<quantity id="D9679B7BCE6EFF89563A8D54FB33FBB1" box="[1092,1218,1089,1114]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.57" metricValueMax="4.59" metricValueMin="4.55" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" unit="m" value="457.0" valueMax="459.0" valueMin="455.0">
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<elevation id="95B2D1ADCE6EFF89563A8D54FB33FBB1" box="[1092,1218,1089,1114]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.57" metricValueMax="4.59" metricValueMin="4.55" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" unit="m" value="457.0" valueMax="459.0" valueMin="455.0">
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455
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<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6EFF8956108D54FB8DFBB2" bold="true" box="[1134,1148,1089,1114]" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">–</emphasis>
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459 m
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</elevation>
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</quantity>
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depth, collected by
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<collectorName id="B36A5348CE6EFF8952E98D73FE90FB96" box="[151,353,1125,1150]" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">P. N. Psomadakis.</collectorName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="56856515CE6EFF8952B98D9CFC0BF9C6" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="1E20369ECE6EFF8952B98D9CFE2CFA92" blockId="4.[151,1436,1050,1978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
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<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6EFF8952B98D9CFEB0FB4A" bold="true" box="[199,321,1161,1186]" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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A moderately elongate species of
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<taxonomicName id="D99F4D1DCE6EFF8950B18D9CFCA1FB4A" authorityName="Ahl" authorityYear="1789" box="[719,848,1161,1186]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6EFF8950B18D9CFCA1FB4A" box="[719,848,1161,1186]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Ophichthus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with: tail 50%, head 11.7%, and body depth at gill opening 0.43% of TL; dorsal-fin origin behind pectoral fin by 2 HL; pectoral fin rounded, not elongate and lanceolate; posterior nostril a hole above upper lip, covered by a flap that extends to edge of mouth; barbels lacking between anterior and posterior nostrils; pores small but conspicuous, SO 1 + 4, IO 5 + 2, POM 6 + 2; upper jaw short, orbit ends above rictus; teeth small, numerous and conical, biserial on upper jaw, uniserial on lower jaw and vomer; coloration dark brown, median fins dark with a pale margin, pectoral fins dark, with a pale ventral margin; vertebral formula 15-65-153.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1E20369ECE6EFF8952B98C90FC0BF9C6" blockId="4.[151,1436,1050,1978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
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<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6EFF8952B98C90FCD7FA76" bold="true" box="[199,806,1413,1438]" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
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Counts and measurements of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C124883CCE6EFF89502D8C90FD4BFA76" box="[595,698,1413,1438]" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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(in mm).
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</emphasis>
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Total length 573; head 67; trunk 218; tail 288; predorsal distance 126; pectoral-fin length 19.3; pectoral-fin base 5.0; body depth
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<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6EFF8951B88CBFFC19FA29" box="[966,1000,1450,1473]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">ca.</emphasis>
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25 at gill openings; body width
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<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6EFF8957298CBFFA89FA29" box="[1367,1400,1450,1473]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">ca.</emphasis>
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||
22 at gill openings; body depth at anus
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<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6EFF89504D8CDAFDA5FA0E" box="[563,596,1487,1510]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">ca.</emphasis>
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26.5; body width at anus
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<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6EFF8951028CDAFC6FFA0E" box="[892,926,1487,1510]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">ca.</emphasis>
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23; body depth at branchial basket 26; snout 14.5; tip of snout to rictus 21.5; snout overhang beyond tip of lower jaw 2.3; eye diameter 6.5; interorbital width 8.9; gill opening height 11.5; isthmus width 17. Vertebral formula 15-65-153.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="56856515CE6EFF8B52B98F2CFC41F82E" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="1E20369ECE6EFF8952B98F2CFE54F852" blockId="4.[151,1436,1050,1978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6EFF8952B98F2CFEA8F9BA" bold="true" box="[199,345,1593,1618]" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Body moderately elongate, stout for an
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D99F4D1DCE6EFF89515D8F2CFC55F9BA" authorityName="Ahl" authorityYear="1789" box="[803,932,1593,1618]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6EFF89515D8F2CFC55F9BA" box="[803,932,1593,1618]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Ophichthus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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, subcircular to level of anus, then becoming more compressed, its depth at gill openings
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||
<quantity id="D9679B7BCE6EFF8950F68F4BFD33F99E" box="[648,706,1629,1654]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.842" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" unit="in" value="23.0">23 in</quantity>
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TL (
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<figureCitation id="86A42A1BCE6EFF8950858F48FCAFF99E" box="[763,862,1629,1654]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1112,1134]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1091]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1435,193,1091]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Ophichthus naga McCosker & Psomadakis, sp. nov., holotype, USNM 438246, 573 mm TL, female. Photographed soon after capture and before preservation by P. N. Psomadakis. Arrows indicate the origins of the dorsal fin (left) and the anal fin (right)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2611434/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Figure 4</figureCitation>
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). Branchial basket moderately expanded. Head
|
||
<quantity id="D9679B7BCE6EFF8957078F4BFF5CF972" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.382" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" unit="in" value="3.3">3.3 in</quantity>
|
||
trunk. Head and trunk 2.0, head 8.5, and tail 2.0 in TL. Snout short, rounded, moderately acute when viewed from above; upper lip not bisected on underside of snout. Lower jaw included, its tip extending slightly beyond bases of tubular anterior nostrils. Upper jaw not elongated, rictus beneath a vertical from posterior margin of eye. Eye enlarged,
|
||
<quantity id="D9679B7BCE6EFF8953458FFBFE8DF8EE" box="[315,380,1773,1798]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.382" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" unit="in" value="3.3">3.3 in</quantity>
|
||
upper jaw and
|
||
<quantity id="D9679B7BCE6EFF89504E8FFBFD71F8EE" box="[560,640,1773,1798]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6162" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" unit="in" value="10.3">10.3 in</quantity>
|
||
head. Anterior nostrils tubular, short, extending ventrally from snout, reaching upper lip and barely reaching tip of chin when directed forward. Posterior nostril a hole above upper lip, covered by a flap that extends below the edge of mouth. Barbels absent along upper lip. Dorsal-fin origin well behind pectoral-fin tips by about 2 HL from gill opening. Median fins low but obvious, ending in a shallow groove a little more than 0.8 eye diameters before the bluntly pointed tail tip. Pectoral fins rounded posteriorly, not elongate and lanceolate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="4AE06616CE6FFF8852E98D4DFE4AFB44" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2611434/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" startId="5.[151,250,1112,1134]" targetBox="[151,1435,193,1091]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="1E20369ECE6FFF8852E98D4DFE4AFB44" blockId="5.[151,1437,1112,1196]" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6FFF8852E98D4DFEEAFB85" bold="true" box="[151,283,1112,1134]" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D99F4D1DCE6FFF8853558D4DFCF7FB86" authority="McCosker & Psomadakis" authorityName="Psomadakis" authorityYear="2018" box="[299,774,1112,1135]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="naga" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6FFF8853558D4DFE10FB87" box="[299,481,1112,1135]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Ophichthus naga</emphasis>
|
||
McCosker & Psomadakis
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6FFF8851648D4CFC8BFB86" bold="true" box="[794,890,1113,1134]" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="37D857F7CE6FFF8851648D4CFC84FB86" box="[794,885,1113,1134]" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
holotype, USNM 438246, 573 mm TL, female. Photographed soon after capture and before preservation by P. N. Psomadakis. Arrows indicate the origins of the dorsal fin (left) and the anal fin (right).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="4AE06616CE6FFF8852E98FE5FD8BF8CC" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2611436/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" startId="5.[151,250,1776,1798]" targetBox="[316,1306,1368,1688]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="1E20369ECE6FFF8852E98FE5FD8BF8CC" blockId="5.[151,1436,1776,1828]" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6FFF8852E98FE5FEE9F8ED" bold="true" box="[151,280,1776,1798]" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Semi-diagrammatic illustration of left lateral head view of the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D99F4D1DCE6FFF88562A8FE5FEE2F8CC" authority="McCosker & Psomadakis" authorityName="Psomadakis" authorityYear="2018" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="naga" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6FFF88562A8FE5FAF6F8EE" box="[1108,1287,1776,1798]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Ophichthus naga</emphasis>
|
||
McCosker & Psomadakis
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6FFF8853628E1AFE9CF8CC" bold="true" box="[284,365,1807,1828]" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="37D857F7CE6FFF8853628E1AFE9CF8CC" box="[284,365,1807,1828]" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Drawn by J.E. McCosker.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E20369ECE6FFF8852B98E59FE3DF81D" blockId="5.[151,1436,1868,2037]" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6FFF8852B98E59FEB6F88C" box="[199,327,1868,1893]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Head pores</emphasis>
|
||
small but apparent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="86A42A1BCE6FFF8850578E59FD7BF88D" box="[553,650,1868,1893]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1776,1798]" captionTargetBox="[316,1306,1368,1688]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1437,1228,1771]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Semi-diagrammatic illustration of left lateral head view of the holotype of Ophichthus naga McCosker & Psomadakis, sp. nov. Drawn by J.E. McCosker." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2611436/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Single median interorbital and temporal pores. Paired pores identical in number and position on each side. Supraorbital pores 1 + 4, infraorbital pores 5 + 2, mandibular pores 6, preopercular pores 2, supratemporal pores 3. Lateral-line pores apparent; 9 before gill opening in a high arching sequence, the remainder are difficult to accurately count due to the nature of the specimen (see Remarks),the last
|
||
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6FFF8852E98EC8FF49F81C" box="[151,184,2013,2036]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">ca.</emphasis>
|
||
0.5 HL from the tail tip.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E20369ECE6CFF8B52B98982FB98FEA8" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,320]" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6CFF8B52B98982FEF2FF58" box="[199,259,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">Teeth</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="86A42A1BCE6CFF8B53698982FE8CFF58" box="[279,381,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1760,1782]" captionTargetBox="[284,1237,430,1728]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[284,1304,373,1738]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 6. Semi-diagrammatic illustration of the dentition of the holotype of Ophichthus naga McCosker & Psomadakis, sp. nov. Drawn by J.E. McCosker." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2611438/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||
) small, conical, numerous and slightly retrorse. Upper jaw teeth biserial, lower jaw and vomerine teeth uniserial. An intermaxillary rosette of 1 central and 2 on each side at tip of snout, followed by 5 irregular pairs of intermaxillary teeth, followed by a single row of
|
||
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6CFF8B51F489F4FC5DFF10" box="[906,940,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">ca.</emphasis>
|
||
16 small vomerine teeth, decreasing in size posteriorly. Maxillary with about 12
|
||
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6CFF8B50388811FDA5FEF5" bold="true" box="[582,596,260,285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">–</emphasis>
|
||
13 pairs of subequal irregularly biserial teeth, followed by 10 smaller uniserial teeth. Lower jaw with
|
||
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6CFF8B5385883CFDECFEA8" box="[507,541,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">ca.</emphasis>
|
||
13
|
||
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6CFF8B50418832FDBCFEA8" bold="true" box="[575,589,295,320]" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">–</emphasis>
|
||
15 uniserial teeth, decreasing in size posteriorly.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="4AE06616CE6CFF8B52E98FF5FE21F8FC" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2611438/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" startId="6.[151,250,1760,1782]" targetBox="[284,1237,430,1728]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="1E20369ECE6CFF8B52E98FF5FE21F8FC" blockId="6.[151,1436,1760,1812]" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6CFF8B52E98FF5FEE2F91D" bold="true" box="[151,275,1760,1782]" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Semi-diagrammatic illustration of the dentition of the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D99F4D1DCE6CFF8B51C78FF5FA82F91E" authority="McCosker & Psomadakis" authorityName="Psomadakis" authorityYear="2018" box="[953,1395,1760,1782]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="naga" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6CFF8B51C78FF5FB96F91E" box="[953,1127,1760,1782]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">Ophichthus naga</emphasis>
|
||
McCosker & Psomadakis
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6CFF8B57038FF5FF32F8FC" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="37D857F7CE6CFF8B57038FF5FF32F8FC" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Drawn by J.E. McCosker.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E20369ECE6CFF8B52B98E54FEA5F84A" blockId="6.[151,1436,1857,2026]" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6CFF8B52B98E54FE7CF8B2" box="[199,397,1857,1882]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">Coloration in life</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="86A42A1BCE6CFF8B53E38E54FE0EF8B2" box="[413,511,1857,1882]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1112,1134]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1091]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1435,193,1091]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Ophichthus naga McCosker & Psomadakis, sp. nov., holotype, USNM 438246, 573 mm TL, female. Photographed soon after capture and before preservation by P. N. Psomadakis. Arrows indicate the origins of the dorsal fin (left) and the anal fin (right)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2611434/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
) and in ethanol preservative dark brown. Inner margins of lips pale. Median fins dark with a pale margin. Pectoral fins dark, with a pale ventral margin. Tail tip, anal opening, inside of mouth, and peritoneum pale.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E20369ECE6CFF8B52B98EB8FC41F82E" blockId="6.[151,1436,1857,2026]" box="[199,944,1965,1990]" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6CFF8B52B98EB8FF0FF82E" bold="true" box="[199,254,1965,1990]" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">Size.</emphasis>
|
||
Known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C124883CCE6CFF8B53838EB8FD93F82E" box="[509,610,1965,1990]" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, a
|
||
<quantity id="D9679B7BCE6CFF8B50FF8EB8FD2FF82D" box="[641,734,1965,1990]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7299999999999995" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" unit="mm" value="573.0">573 mm</quantity>
|
||
TL gravid female.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="56856515CE6CFF8A52B98EC4FDDDFF3D" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="1E20369ECE6CFF8A52B98EC4FDDDFF3D" blockId="6.[151,1436,1857,2026]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,151,1472]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6CFF8B52B98EC4FEBFF802" bold="true" box="[199,334,2001,2026]" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Named
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D99F4D1DCE6CFF8B53D18EC7FE16F801" authorityName="Psomadakis" authorityYear="2018" box="[431,487,2002,2025]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="naga">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6CFF8B53D18EC7FE16F801" box="[431,487,2002,2025]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">naga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a noun in apposition. Buddhist tradition believes that
|
||
<collectingRegion id="DC5BF87CCE6CFF8B56298EC7FB64F802" box="[1111,1173,2002,2026]" country="Philippines" name="Naga" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">Nāga</collectingRegion>
|
||
, a seagoing, serpentine dragon-like being has great powers. They are able to swim through the earth as if it was water, a behavior not unlike that of ophichthid snake eels.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="56856515CE6DFF8A52B989CAFA87FF10" box="[199,1398,223,248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="1E20369ECE6DFF8A52B989CAFA87FF10" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1472]" box="[199,1398,223,248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6DFF8A52B989CAFE91FF10" bold="true" box="[199,352,223,248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C124883CCE6DFF8A501E89CAFD34FF10" box="[608,709,223,248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, collected by bottom trawl at
|
||
<quantity id="D9679B7BCE6DFF8A566F89CAFB61FF1F" box="[1041,1168,223,248]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.56" metricValueMax="4.57" metricValueMin="4.55" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" unit="m" value="456.0" valueMax="457.0" valueMin="455.0">
|
||
455
|
||
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6DFF8A564589CAFBB8FF10" bold="true" box="[1083,1097,223,248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">–</emphasis>
|
||
457 m
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
depth off
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6688760ECE6DFF8A577D89F5FA83FF10" box="[1283,1394,224,248]" name="Myanmar" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="56856515CE6DFF8A52B98811FEAFFA28" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="1E20369ECE6DFF8A52B98811FBA8FEA8" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1472]" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6DFF8A52B98811FECAFEF5" bold="true" box="[199,315,260,285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The single specimen is intact and in very good condition, however it is twisted and stiff resulting from its preservation, making linear measurements and tooth and pore counts difficult
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E20369ECE6DFF8A52E98859FF27FE38" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1472]" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">
|
||
This new species differs from the majority of its congeners by having its dorsal fin arising nearly two pectoral-fin lengths behind the gill opening, a condition shared by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D99F4D1DCE6DFF8A51E58865FA84FE60" authority="McCosker & Ho (2015)" authorityName="McCosker & Ho" authorityYear="2015" box="[923,1397,367,392]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6DFF8A51E58865FBD3FE60" box="[923,1058,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">O. bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A0E4B6FCE6DFF8A5657887AFA84FE60" author="McCosker, J. E. & Ho, H. - C." box="[1065,1397,367,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" pagination="71 - 85" refId="ref7215" refString="McCosker, J. E. & Ho, H. - C. (2015) New species of the snake eels Echelus and Ophichthus (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae) from Taiwan. Zootaxa, 4060 (1), 71 - 85. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4060.1.11" type="journal article" year="2015">McCosker & Ho (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D99F4D1DCE6DFF8A57FF8865FDF5FE45" authority="(Bleeker, 1852)" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1852" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1852" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrorhynchus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6DFF8A57FF8865FEB5FE45" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">O. macrorhynchus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A0E4B6FCE6DFF8A532C8881FE0CFE45" author="Bleeker, P." box="[338,509,404,429]" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" pagination="1 - 62" refId="ref5793" refString="Bleeker, P. (1852) Bijdrage tot de kennis der Muraenoiden en Symbranchoiden van den Indischen Archipel. Ferhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen, 25 (1), 1 - 62." type="journal article" year="1852">Bleeker, 1852</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D99F4D1DCE6DFF8A506E8880FCCDFE44" authority="Asano 1987" authorityName="Asano" authorityYear="1987" box="[528,828,404,429]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalops">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6DFF8A506E8880FD05FE43" box="[528,756,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">
|
||
O. megalops
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A0E4B6FCE6DFF8A50D08881FD05FE43" author="Asano, H." box="[686,756,404,427]" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" pagination="135 - 137" refId="ref5761" refString="Asano, H. (1987) A new ophichthid eel, Ophichthus megalops, from the Kumano-nada, Japan. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology, 34, 135 - 137." type="journal article" year="1987">Asano</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
1987
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D99F4D1DCE6DFF8A51078881FF22FE38" authority="Liu, Tang & Zhang, 2010" authorityName="Liu, Tang & Zhang" authorityYear="2010" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="retrodorsalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6DFF8A51078881FB6AFE45" box="[889,1179,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">Ophichthus retrodorsalis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A0E4B6FCE6DFF8A56DC8881FF22FE38" author="Liu, D. & Tang, W. & Zhang, C." pageId="7" pageNumber="78" pagination="332 - 333" refId="ref6809" refString="Liu, D., Tang, W. & Zhang, C. (2010) Ophichthus retrodorsalis sp. nov., In: Zhang, C. (Ed.), Fauna Sinica. Osteichthyes: Anguilliformes and Notacanthiformes. Science Press, Beijing, 332 - 333." type="book chapter" year="2010">Liu, Tang & Zhang, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E20369ECE6DFF8A52B988C9FBFCFD6D" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1472]" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">
|
||
The new species is most similar to
|
||
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6DFF8A502788C9FCC6FE1D" box="[601,823,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D99F4D1DCE6DFF8A502788C9FCC5FE1D" authorityName="McCosker & Ho" authorityYear="2015" box="[601,820,476,501]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">Ophichthus bicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
a deepwater (
|
||
<quantity id="D9679B7BCE6DFF8A51A988C9FBA7FE1C" box="[983,1110,476,500]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" unit="m" value="300.0" valueMax="400.0" valueMin="200.0">200-400 m</quantity>
|
||
) species captured by bottom trawl and hook-and-line from SW and SE
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6688760ECE6DFF8A500E88EAFD37FDF0" box="[624,710,511,536]" name="Taiwan" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
. They are very similar in most characters but differ in: the length of the lower jaw (the rictus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D99F4D1DCE6DFF8A53948B30FDB5FDD4" authorityName="Psomadakis" authorityYear="2018" box="[490,580,549,572]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="naga">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6DFF8A53948B30FDB5FDD4" box="[490,580,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">O. naga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is beneath the posterior margin of the orbit
|
||
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6DFF8A56518B30FBBCFDD4" box="[1071,1101,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
the rictus beneath and behind the rear orbital margin by the diameter of the orbit); in its body coloration
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D99F4D1DCE6DFF8A51A18B5DFBCBFD88" authorityName="Psomadakis" authorityYear="2018" box="[991,1082,584,608]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="naga">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6DFF8A51A18B5DFBCBFD88" box="[991,1082,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">O. naga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is dark brown
|
||
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6DFF8A569A8B5CFAF3FD88" box="[1252,1282,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
the pale gray and white throat and belly of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D99F4D1DCE6DFF8A539E8B78FDA5FD6D" authorityName="McCosker & Ho" authorityYear="2015" box="[480,596,620,645]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6DFF8A539E8B78FDA5FD6D" box="[480,596,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">O. bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); and its fin coloration (black
|
||
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6DFF8A51D68B78FC37FD6C" box="[936,966,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
pale).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E20369ECE6DFF8A52B98B85FB0CFC04" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1472]" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">
|
||
Its other congeners with posterior dorsal-fin origins differ in several characteristics. The new species is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D99F4D1DCE6DFF8A52CB8BA0FE2EFD24" authority="Asano, 1987" authorityName="Asano" authorityYear="1987" box="[181,479,692,717]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalops">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6DFF8A52CB8BA0FEB4FD25" box="[181,325,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">O. megalops</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A0E4B6FCE6DFF8A53328BA1FE2EFD24" author="Asano, H." box="[332,479,692,716]" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" pagination="135 - 137" refId="ref5761" refString="Asano, H. (1987) A new ophichthid eel, Ophichthus megalops, from the Kumano-nada, Japan. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology, 34, 135 - 137." type="journal article" year="1987">Asano, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, known from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6688760ECE6DFF8A50FE8BA0FD31FD24" box="[640,704,693,716]" name="Japan" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6688760ECE6DFF8A50848BA1FCBEFD25" box="[762,847,692,717]" name="Taiwan" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D99F4D1DCE6DFF8A56698BA1FB72FD25" authorityName="Asano" authorityYear="1987" box="[1047,1155,692,717]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalops">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6DFF8A56698BA1FB72FD25" box="[1047,1155,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">megalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in: its preopercular pore condition (2
|
||
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6DFF8A53598BCCFEB7FD18" box="[295,326,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
3); the slightly more anterior location of its dorsal-fin origin (22 % of TL behind snout tip
|
||
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6DFF8A57328BCCFA9BFD18" box="[1356,1386,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
24– 26%); and in its body coloration (uniform dark brown
|
||
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6DFF8A50888BE8FCE4FCFC" box="[758,789,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
light brown with a pale underside, and fins lacking a dark margin). The new species is also similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D99F4D1DCE6DFF8A50F28A0AFB26FCD0" authority="Liu, Tang & Zhang, 2010" authorityName="Liu, Tang & Zhang" authorityYear="2010" box="[652,1239,799,824]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="retrodorsalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6DFF8A50F28A0AFC57FCD0" box="[652,934,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">Ophichthus retrodorsalis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A0E4B6FCE6DFF8A51D38A0AFB26FCD0" author="Liu, D. & Tang, W. & Zhang, C." box="[941,1239,799,824]" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" pagination="332 - 333" refId="ref6809" refString="Liu, D., Tang, W. & Zhang, C. (2010) Ophichthus retrodorsalis sp. nov., In: Zhang, C. (Ed.), Fauna Sinica. Osteichthyes: Anguilliformes and Notacanthiformes. Science Press, Beijing, 332 - 333." type="book chapter" year="2010">Liu, Tang & Zhang, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, known from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C124883CCE6DFF8A52E98A51FF08FCB5" box="[151,249,836,861]" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
collected from Fuzhou,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="DC5BF87CCE6DFF8A50598A51FD17FCB5" box="[551,742,836,861]" country="China" name="Fujian" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">Fujian Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6688760ECE6DFF8A50878A51FCCEFCB5" box="[761,831,836,861]" name="China" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, which is similar in its dorsal-fin origin and its dentition. Hsuan-Ching
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A0E4B6FCE6DFF8A53D08A7DFCF2FC68" author="McCosker, J. E. & Ho, H. - C." box="[430,771,871,896]" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" pagination="71 - 85" refId="ref7215" refString="McCosker, J. E. & Ho, H. - C. (2015) New species of the snake eels Echelus and Ophichthus (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae) from Taiwan. Zootaxa, 4060 (1), 71 - 85. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4060.1.11" type="journal article" year="2015">Ho (McCosker & Ho, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 80) examined and reported upon the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C124883CCE6DFF8A568E8A72FAA3FC68" box="[1264,1362,871,896]" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6DFF8A57FF8A7DFEDEFC4D" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D99F4D1DCE6DFF8A57FF8A7DFEDAFC4D" authorityName="Liu, Tang & Zhang" authorityYear="2010" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="retrodorsalis">O. retrodorsalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
He “found it to differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D99F4D1DCE6DFF8A50128A98FD11FC4D" authorityName="McCosker & Ho" authorityYear="2015" box="[620,736,908,933]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6DFF8A50128A98FD11FC4D" box="[620,736,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">O. bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its coloration (uniformly light brown), pectoral fins (dark), body depth (50 times in TL at gill opening), head length (14.7 times in TL), eye position (posterior margin of orbit above rictus) and in its dentition (triserial throughout)." He was unable to obtain its vertebral counts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E20369ECE6DFF8A52B98AE2FAC2FAE5" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1472]" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">
|
||
Several fish species captured from station 68 are also dark in color, similar to that of this new eel. We are unable to precisely describe the habitat of these benthic collections, however the station records report them as “coarse silt” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A0E4B6FCE6DFF8A534C8D2AFDD1FBB0" author="Krakstad, J. O. & Krafft, B. & Alvheim, O. & Thein, H. & Thu, M. & Naing, K. & Psomadakis, P. N." box="[306,544,1087,1112]" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" refId="ref6676" refString="Krakstad, J. O., Krafft, B., Alvheim, O., Thein, H., Thu, M., Naing, K. & Psomadakis, P. N. (2016) Cruise report Dr. Frjdtjof Nansen Myanmar Ecosystem Survey EAF - N / 2015 / 4, 28 April- 02 June 2015. Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, 106 pp." type="book" year="2016">
|
||
Krakstad
|
||
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6DFF8A53DF8D54FE25FBB0" box="[417,468,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Included in the trawl were:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D99F4D1DCE6DFF8A510E8D2AFA69FBB0" authority="Alcock 1898" authorityName="Alcock" authorityYear="1898" box="[880,1432,1087,1112]" class="Pisces" family="Torpedinidae" genus="Benthobatis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Torpediniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="moresbyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6DFF8A510E8D2AFB95FBB0" box="[880,1124,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">Benthobatis moresbyi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A0E4B6FCE6DFF8A56138D2AFB0FFBB0" author="Alcock, A. W." box="[1133,1278,1087,1112]" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" pagination="136 - 156" refId="ref5523" refString="Alcock, A. W. (1898) Natural history notes from H. M. Indian Marine Survey ship`Investigator, ' Commander T. H. Heming, R. N., commanding. Series II, No. 25. A note on the deep-sea fishes, with descriptions of some new genera and species, including another probably viviparous ophidioid. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 2 (8), 136 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939808678029" type="journal article" year="1898">Alcock 1898</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(Narcinidae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D99F4D1DCE6DFF8A52E98D71FC5FFB95" authority="Schnakenbeck 1931" authorityName="Schnakenbeck" authorityYear="1931" box="[151,942,1124,1149]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Rhinochimaeridae" genus="Neoharriotta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chimaeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pinnata">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6DFF8A52E98D71FE6BFB94" box="[151,410,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">Neoharriotta pinnata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A0E4B6FCE6DFF8A53C98D71FD5FFB94" author="Schnakenbeck, W." box="[439,686,1124,1149]" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" pagination="23 - 45" refId="ref7989" refString="Schnakenbeck, W. (1931) Uber einige Meeresfische aus Sudwestafrika. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Hamburg, 44, 23 - 45." type="journal article" year="1931">Schnakenbeck 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(Rhinochimaeridae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D99F4D1DCE6DFF8A51B08D71FEADFB48" authority="Alcock, 1891" authorityName="Alcock" authorityYear="1891" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bathyclupeidae" genus="Bathyclupea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoskynii">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6DFF8A51B08D71FB22FB95" box="[974,1235,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">Bathyclupea hoskynii</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A0E4B6FCE6DFF8A568E8D71FA6DFB94" author="Alcock, A. W." box="[1264,1436,1124,1149]" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" pagination="16 - 34" refId="ref5415" refString="Alcock, A. W. (1891) Class Pisces. In: II. Natural history notes from H. M. Indian marine survey steamer`Investigator, ' Commander R. F. Hoskyn, R. N., commanding. Series II., No. 1. On the results of deep-sea dredging during the season 1890 - 91. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 8 (43), pp. 16 - 34 + 119 - 138, pls. 7 - 8. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939109460385" type="journal article" year="1891">Alcock, 1891</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(Bathyclupeidae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D99F4D1DCE6DFF8A530A8D92FC06FB48" authority="Alcock, 1889" authorityName="Alcock" authorityYear="1889" box="[372,1015,1159,1184]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Colocongridae" genus="Coloconger" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="raniceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6DFF8A530A8D92FD9CFB48" box="[372,621,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">Coloconger raniceps</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A0E4B6FCE6DFF8A50FC8D92FCD7FB48" author="Alcock, A. W." box="[642,806,1159,1184]" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" pagination="450 - 461" refId="ref5318" refString="Alcock, A. W. (1889) Natural history notes from H. M. Indian marine survey steamer`Investigator, ' Commander Alfred Carpenter, R. N., D. S. O., commanding. No. 13. On the bathybial fishes of the Bay of Bengal and neighbouring waters, obtained during the seasons 1885 - 1889. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 4 (24), 450 - 461. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938909460563" type="journal article" year="1889">Alcock, 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(Colocongridae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D99F4D1DCE6DFF8A56718D92FEA0FB2D" authority="Alcock, 1891" authorityName="Alcock" authorityYear="1891" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ateleopodidae" genus="Ateleopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ateleopodiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6DFF8A56718D92FB12FB48" box="[1039,1251,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">Ateleopus indicus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A0E4B6FCE6DFF8A56898D92FA6DFB48" author="Alcock, A. W." box="[1271,1436,1159,1184]" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" pagination="16 - 34" refId="ref5415" refString="Alcock, A. W. (1891) Class Pisces. In: II. Natural history notes from H. M. Indian marine survey steamer`Investigator, ' Commander R. F. Hoskyn, R. N., commanding. Series II., No. 1. On the results of deep-sea dredging during the season 1890 - 91. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 8 (43), pp. 16 - 34 + 119 - 138, pls. 7 - 8. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939109460385" type="journal article" year="1891">Alcock, 1891</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(Ateleopodidae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D99F4D1DCE6DFF8A53238DB9FB3DFB2D" authority="Schwarzhans & Prokofiev, 2017" authorityName="Schwarzhans & Prokofiev" authorityYear="2017" box="[349,1228,1196,1221]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Acropomatidae" genus="Parascombrops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="glossodon">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6DFF8A53238DB9FD79FB2D" box="[349,648,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">Parascombrops glossodon</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A0E4B6FCE6DFF8A50EE8DB9FBF1FB2C" author="Schwarzhans, W. W. & Prokofiev, A. M." box="[656,1024,1196,1221]" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" pagination="1 - 74" refId="ref8016" refString="Schwarzhans, W. W. & Prokofiev, A. M. (2017) Reappraisal of Synagrops Gunther, 1887 with rehabilitation and revision of Parascombrops Alcock, 1889 including description of seven new species and two new genera (Perciformes: Acropomatidae). Zootaxa, 4260 (1), 1 - 74. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4260.1.1" type="journal article" year="2017">Schwarzhans & Prokofiev, 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(Acropomatidae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D99F4D1DCE6DFF8A57778DB9FD1CFB00" authority="Smith & Radcliffe, 1913" authorityName="Smith & Radcliffe" authorityYear="1913" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophidiidae" genus="Hypopleuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophidiiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caninum">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6DFF8A57778DB9FF09FB00" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">Hypopleuron caninum</emphasis>
|
||
Smith &
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A0E4B6FCE6DFF8A53F28DDAFDB7FB00" author="Radcliffe, L." box="[396,582,1231,1256]" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" pagination="135 - 176" refId="ref7529" refString="Radcliffe, L. (1913) Descriptions of seven new genera and thirty-one new species of fishes of the families Brotulidae and Carapidae from the Philippine Islands and the Dutch East Indies. [Scientific results of the Philippine cruise ... " Albatross, " 1907 - 1910. No. 24. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 44, 135 - 176, pls. 7 - 17." type="journal article" year="1913">Radcliffe, 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(Ophidiidae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Other specimens, not identified to species, included:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D99F4D1DCE6DFF8A52E98DE1FECDFAE5" box="[151,316,1268,1293]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Alepocephalidae" genus="Alepocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6DFF8A52E98DE1FECDFAE5" box="[151,316,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">Alepocephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D99F4D1DCE6DFF8A530F8DE1FDC5FAE5" box="[369,564,1268,1293]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Alepocephalidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Alepocephalidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D99F4D1DCE6DFF8A50398DE1FD21FAE5" authorityName="Günther" authorityYear="1887" box="[583,720,1268,1293]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Stomiidae" genus="Photonectes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stomiiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6DFF8A50398DE1FD21FAE5" box="[583,720,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">Photonectes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D99F4D1DCE6DFF8A51788DE1FC8FFAE5" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1859" box="[774,894,1268,1293]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Stomiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stomiiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Stomiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
); and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D99F4D1DCE6DFF8A51BE8DE1FB93FAE5" authorityName="Goode & Bean" authorityYear="1882" box="[960,1122,1268,1293]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Trichiuridae" genus="Benthodesmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6DFF8A51BE8DE1FB93FAE5" box="[960,1122,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">Benthodesmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D99F4D1DCE6DFF8A56E98DE1FAD9FAE5" box="[1175,1320,1268,1293]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Trichiuridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Trichiuridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E20369ECE6DFF8A52B98C0CFEAFFA28" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1472]" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">
|
||
It is also noteworthy that the water masses below
|
||
<quantity id="D9679B7BCE6DFF8A51618C02FC9AFAD8" box="[799,875,1303,1328]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" unit="m" value="150.0">150 m</quantity>
|
||
off the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="DC5BF87CCE6DFF8A51AE8C02FBACFAD8" box="[976,1117,1303,1328]" country="Myanmar" name="Ayeyawady" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">Ayeyarwady</collectingRegion>
|
||
Delta region are markedly hypoxic with an oxygen level of 0.5 ml/l to
|
||
<quantity id="D9679B7BCE6DFF8A50D48C29FD07FABC" box="[682,758,1340,1365]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
|
||
depth (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A0E4B6FCE6DFF8A512C8C29FBB8FABD" author="Krakstad, J. O. & Krafft, B. & Alvheim, O. & Thein, H. & Thu, M. & Naing, K. & Psomadakis, P. N." box="[850,1097,1340,1365]" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" refId="ref6676" refString="Krakstad, J. O., Krafft, B., Alvheim, O., Thein, H., Thu, M., Naing, K. & Psomadakis, P. N. (2016) Cruise report Dr. Frjdtjof Nansen Myanmar Ecosystem Survey EAF - N / 2015 / 4, 28 April- 02 June 2015. Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, 106 pp." type="book" year="2016">
|
||
Krakstad
|
||
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6DFF8A51BA8C28FC08FABD" box="[964,1017,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Some species such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D99F4D1DCE6DFF8A57178C28FDA6FA90" authority="(Norman, 1939)" authorityName="Norman" authorityYear="1939" baseAuthorityName="Norman" baseAuthorityYear="1939" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Triakidae" genus="Iago" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="omanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6DFF8A57178C28FEFCFA90" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">Iago omanensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Norman, 1939) (Triakidae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have developed special adaptations (such as expanded gill lamellae) to cope with reduced oxygen (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A0E4B6FCE6DFF8A53968C91FD47FA74" author="Compagno, L. J. V." box="[488,694,1412,1436]" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" pagination="251 - 655" refId="ref5964" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1984) FAO species catalogue. Sharks of the World. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2. Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fisheries Synopsis, No 125, 4, (2), 251 - 655." type="journal article" year="1984">Compagno, 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We did not observe such adaptations in the morphology of
|
||
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE6DFF8A52E98CB2FEAFFA28" box="[151,350,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D99F4D1DCE6DFF8A52E98CB2FEAAFA28" authorityName="Psomadakis" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,347,1447,1472]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="naga">Ophichthus naga</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |