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<document id="C4540AFE7092A8B341587BB1C11FFFA7" ID-CLB-Dataset="27899" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4526.1.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="da73eda4-e16a-4040-8114-779dbb619c3a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2611426" ID-ZooBank="6D2DAAB6-6C42-41BE-A22B-520958792E5C" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553697141568" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Psomadakis, Peter N." docDate="2018" docId="96368788CE62FF8452E98F30FD04F945" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4526.1.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4526 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Ophichthus lithinus" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="80" masterDocId="6A0FFFF0CE6AFF8D527E8915FFF1FFE8" masterDocTitle="Snake eels of the genus Ophichthus (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae) from Myanmar (Indian Ocean) with the description of two new species" masterLastPageNumber="83" masterPageNumber="71" pageNumber="79" updateTime="1701999550181" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="2E5BE6419DAC36E84882C65169B8E0EC">Snake eels of the genus Ophichthus (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae) from Myanmar (Indian Ocean) with the description of two new species</mods:title>
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<treatment id="96368788CE62FF8452E98F30FD04F945" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5990983" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154507513" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5990983" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:96368788CE62FF8452E98F30FD04F945" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/96368788CE62FF8452E98F30FD04F945" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">
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<paragraph id="1E20369ECE62FF8552E98F30FD0FF9A8" blockId="8.[151,766,1573,1634]" box="[151,766,1573,1600]" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">
<heading id="456881F2CE62FF8552E98F30FD0FF9A8" bold="true" box="[151,766,1573,1600]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" reason="1">
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE62FF8552E98F30FD0FF9A8" bold="true" box="[151,766,1573,1600]" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">
<taxonomicName id="D99F4D1DCE62FF8552E98F30FE78F9D7" ID-CoL="49VHK" baseAuthorityName="Jordan &amp; Richardson" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[151,393,1573,1599]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lithinus">
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE62FF8552E98F30FE78F9D7" bold="true" box="[151,393,1573,1599]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">Ophichthus lithinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7A0E4B6FCE62FF8553E68F33FD07F9A8" author="Jordan, D. S. &amp; Richardson, R. E." box="[408,758,1574,1600]" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" pagination="233 - 287" refId="ref6483" refString="Jordan, D. S. &amp; Richardson, R. E. (1908) Fishes from islands of the Philippine Archipelago. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, 27, 233 - 287." type="journal article" year="1908">
<collectingCountry id="6688760ECE62FF8553E68F33FE02F9A8" box="[408,499,1574,1600]" name="Jordan" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">Jordan</collectingCountry>
&amp; Richardson, 1908
</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="56856515CE62FF8552E98F5CFC0EF92D" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" type="description">
<paragraph id="1E20369ECE62FF8552E98F5CFF28F989" blockId="8.[151,766,1573,1634]" box="[151,217,1609,1634]" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">
<figureCitation id="86A42A1BCE62FF8552E98F5CFF28F989" box="[151,217,1609,1634]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="9.[151,250,901,923]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,301,879]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1435,301,879]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 8. Ophichthus lithinus Jordan &amp; Richardson 1908, USNM 438266, 642 mm TL, female. Photographed soon after capture and before preservation by O. Alvheim. Arrows indicate the origins of the dorsal fin (left) and the anal fin (right)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2611442/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E20369ECE62FF8552E98F87FC85F94F" blockId="8.[151,1436,1681,1826]" box="[151,884,1681,1703]" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="3E8F11B0CE62FF8552E98F87FC85F94F" box="[151,884,1681,1703]" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">
<taxonomicName id="D99F4D1DCE62FF8552E98F87FEA1F94F" ID-CoL="6P796" box="[151,336,1681,1703]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Leiuranus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lithinus">
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE62FF8552E98F87FEA1F94F" box="[151,336,1681,1703]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">Leiuranus lithinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="9F3E108FCE62FF8553288F84FD51F94F" author="Jordan, D. S. &amp; Richardson, R. E." box="[342,672,1681,1703]" page="238" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" year="1908">
<bibRefCitation id="7A0E4B6FCE62FF8553288F84FD81F94F" author="Jordan, D. S. &amp; Richardson, R. E." box="[342,624,1681,1703]" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" pagination="233 - 287" refId="ref6483" refString="Jordan, D. S. &amp; Richardson, R. E. (1908) Fishes from islands of the Philippine Archipelago. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, 27, 233 - 287." type="journal article" year="1908">
<collectingCountry id="6688760ECE62FF8553288F84FE6BF94F" box="[342,410,1681,1703]" name="Jordan" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">Jordan</collectingCountry>
&amp; Richardson, 1908
</bibRefCitation>
: 238
</treatmentCitation>
(Cuyo,
<collectingCountry id="6688760ECE62FF85508C8F84FC98F94F" box="[754,873,1681,1703]" name="Philippines" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">Philippines</collectingCountry>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E20369ECE62FF8552E98FBAFC0EF92D" blockId="8.[151,1436,1681,1826]" box="[151,1023,1711,1734]" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="3E8F11B0CE62FF8552E98FBAFC0EF92D" box="[151,1023,1711,1734]" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">
<taxonomicName id="D99F4D1DCE62FF8552E98FBAFE8CF92E" ID-CoL="49VGX" box="[151,381,1711,1734]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="evermanni">
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE62FF8552E98FBAFE8CF92E" box="[151,381,1711,1734]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">Ophichthus evermanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="9F3E108FCE62FF8553FD8FBAFD3EF92D" author="Jordan, D. S. &amp; Richardson, R. E." box="[387,719,1711,1733]" page="172" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" year="1909">
<bibRefCitation id="7A0E4B6FCE62FF8553FD8FBAFD6CF92D" author="Jordan, D. S. &amp; Richardson, R. E." box="[387,669,1711,1733]" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" pagination="159 - 204" refId="ref6520" refString="Jordan, D. S. &amp; Richardson, R. E. (1909) A catalogue of the fishes of the island of Formosa, or Taiwan, based on the collections of Dr. Hans Sauter. Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum, 4, 159 - 204, pls. 63 - 74." type="journal article" year="1909">
<collectingCountry id="6688760ECE62FF8553FD8FBAFE36F92D" box="[387,455,1711,1733]" name="Jordan" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">Jordan</collectingCountry>
&amp; Richardson, 1909
</bibRefCitation>
: 172
</treatmentCitation>
, Pl. 67 (from Takao,
<collectingCountry id="6688760ECE62FF8551DB8FBAFC05F92D" box="[933,1012,1711,1733]" name="Taiwan" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="56856515CE62FF8552E98FDBFDD4F8CA" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="1E20369ECE62FF8552E98FDBFA6DF8EB" blockId="8.[151,1436,1681,1826]" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="3E8F11B0CE62FF8552E98FDBFA6DF8EB" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">
<taxonomicName id="D99F4D1DCE62FF8552E98FDBFEAFF90C" ID-CoL="49VHK" baseAuthorityName="Jordan &amp; Richardson" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[151,350,1742,1764]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lithinus">
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE62FF8552E98FDBFEAFF90C" box="[151,350,1742,1764]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">Ophichthus lithinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7A0E4B6FCE62FF8553158FDBFD77F90C" author="Jordan, D. S. &amp; Richardson, R. E." box="[363,646,1742,1764]" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" pagination="233 - 287" refId="ref6483" refString="Jordan, D. S. &amp; Richardson, R. E. (1908) Fishes from islands of the Philippine Archipelago. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, 27, 233 - 287." type="journal article" year="1908">
<collectingCountry id="6688760ECE62FF8553158FDBFE41F90C" box="[363,432,1742,1764]" name="Jordan" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">Jordan</collectingCountry>
&amp; Richardson, 1908
</bibRefCitation>
):
<treatmentCitation id="9F3E108FCE62FF8550E98FDBFCCDF90C" author="Bohlke, J. E." box="[663,828,1742,1764]" page="49" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" year="1953">
<bibRefCitation id="7A0E4B6FCE62FF8550E98FDBFCECF90C" author="Bohlke, J. E." box="[663,797,1742,1764]" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref5879" refString="Bohlke, J. E. (1953) A catalogue of the type specimens of recent fishes in the Natural History Museum of Stanford University. Stanford Ichthyological Bulletin, 5 (1), 1 - 168." type="journal article" year="1953">Böhlke 1953</bibRefCitation>
:49
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="9F3E108FCE62FF8551398FDBFBA0F90C" author="McCosker, J. E. &amp; Allen, G. R. &amp; Hoese, D. R. &amp; Gates, J. E. &amp; Bray, D. J." box="[839,1105,1742,1764]" page="272" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation id="7A0E4B6FCE62FF8551398FDBFBD7F90C" author="McCosker, J. E. &amp; Allen, G. R. &amp; Hoese, D. R. &amp; Gates, J. E. &amp; Bray, D. J." box="[839,1062,1742,1764]" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" pagination="264 - 277" refId="ref7014" refString="McCosker, J. E., Allen, G. R., Hoese, D. R., Gates, J. E. &amp; Bray, D. J. (2006) Ophichthidae. In: Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Fol. 35. Fishes. Pt. 1. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, pp. 264 - 277." type="book chapter" year="2006">
McCosker
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE62FF8551C88FDAFC12F90C" box="[950,995,1742,1764]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">et al</emphasis>
. 2006
</bibRefCitation>
:272
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="9F3E108FCE62FF8556258FDAFAD9F90C" author="Ho, H. - C. &amp; Shao, K. T." box="[1115,1320,1742,1764]" page="23" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" year="2011">
<bibRefCitation id="7A0E4B6FCE62FF8556258FDAFAFBF90C" author="Ho, H. - C. &amp; Shao, K. T." box="[1115,1290,1742,1764]" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" pagination="1 - 74" refId="ref6235" refString="Ho, H. - C. &amp; Shao, K. T. (2011) Annotated checklist and type catalog of fish genera and species described from Taiwan. Zootaxa, 2957, 1 - 74." type="journal article" year="2011">Ho &amp; Shao 2011</bibRefCitation>
:23
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="9F3E108FCE62FF85574C8FDBFEB8F8EB" author="McCosker, J. E. &amp; Ide, S. &amp; Endo, H." page="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" year="2012">
<bibRefCitation id="7A0E4B6FCE62FF85574C8FDBFEC9F8EB" author="McCosker, J. E. &amp; Ide, S. &amp; Endo, H." pageId="8" pageNumber="79" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref7272" refString="McCosker, J. E., Ide, S. &amp; Endo, H. (2012) Three new species of ophichthid eels (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae) from Japan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Series A, 6 (Supplement), 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="2012">
McCosker
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE62FF8552B98FFBFF02F8EB" box="[199,243,1773,1795]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">et al</emphasis>
. 2012
</bibRefCitation>
:7
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="9F3E108FCE62FF85532D8FFBFDDEF8EB" author="Larson, H. K. &amp; Williams, R. S. &amp; Hammer, M. P." box="[339,559,1773,1795]" page="27" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" year="2013">
<bibRefCitation id="7A0E4B6FCE62FF85532D8FFBFDE0F8EB" author="Larson, H. K. &amp; Williams, R. S. &amp; Hammer, M. P." box="[339,529,1773,1795]" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" pagination="1 - 293" refId="ref6750" refString="Larson, H. K., Williams, R. S. &amp; Hammer, M. P. (2013) An annotated checklist of the fishes of the Northern Territory, Australia. Zootaxa, 3696 (1), 1 - 293. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3696.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">
Larson
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE62FF8553DE8FFBFE25F8EB" box="[416,468,1773,1795]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
:27
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="9F3E108FCE62FF8550478FF8FCFAF8EB" author="McCosker, J. E." box="[569,779,1773,1795]" page="339" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" year="2014">
<bibRefCitation id="7A0E4B6FCE62FF8550478FF8FD11F8EB" author="McCosker, J. E." box="[569,736,1773,1795]" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" pagination="331 - 340" refId="ref6941" refString="McCosker, J. E. (2014) A gigantic deepwater worm eel (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae) from the Verde Island Passage, Philippine Archipelago. In: Williams, G. C. &amp; Gosliner, T. M. (Eds.), The Coral Triangle. The 2011 Hearst Philippine Biodiversity Expedition. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, pp. 331 - 340." type="book chapter" year="2014">McCosker 2014</bibRefCitation>
:339
</treatmentCitation>
; Ho
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE62FF8551458FFBFC99F8EB" box="[827,872,1773,1795]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">et al</emphasis>
. 2015:8;
<treatmentCitation id="9F3E108FCE62FF8551B68FF8FB3CF8EB" author="McCosker, J. E. &amp; Ho, H. - C." box="[968,1229,1773,1795]" page="72" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" year="2015">
<bibRefCitation id="7A0E4B6FCE62FF8551B68FF8FB5FF8EB" author="McCosker, J. E. &amp; Ho, H. - C." box="[968,1198,1773,1795]" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" pagination="71 - 85" refId="ref7215" refString="McCosker, J. E. &amp; Ho, H. - C. (2015) New species of the snake eels Echelus and Ophichthus (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae) from Taiwan. Zootaxa, 4060 (1), 71 - 85. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4060.1.11" type="journal article" year="2015">McCosker &amp; Ho 2015</bibRefCitation>
:72
</treatmentCitation>
; Ho
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE62FF8556828FFBFAD8F8EB" box="[1276,1321,1773,1795]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">et al</emphasis>
. 2015:172.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E20369ECE62FF8552E98E19FDD4F8CA" blockId="8.[151,1436,1681,1826]" box="[151,549,1804,1826]" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE62FF8552E98E19FEC2F8C9" bold="true" box="[151,307,1804,1826]" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">English name:</emphasis>
Marbled snake eel (En)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="56856515CE62FF8452E98E44FCEFFF10" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="1E20369ECE62FF8452E98E44FCEFFF10" blockId="8.[151,1436,1869,2009]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,151,248]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE62FF8552E98E44FDE7F882" bold="true" box="[151,534,1873,1898]" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">
Material examined.
<materialsCitation id="AEF73CC3CE62FF8553EB8E44FDE7F882" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2029162005" box="[405,534,1873,1898]" collectionCode="USNM" country="Myanmar" location="Ayeyarwady" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" specimenCode="USNM 438266, 642" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Ayeyawady">
<collectingCountry id="6688760ECE62FF8553EB8E44FDE0F882" box="[405,529,1873,1898]" name="Myanmar" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
:
</materialsCitation>
</emphasis>
<specimenCode id="4E399EE5CE62FF85505A8E44FD28F882" box="[548,729,1873,1898]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" type="Museum">
USNM
<quantity id="D9679B7BCE62FF8550FC8E44FD28F882" box="[642,729,1873,1898]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.38266642" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" unit="mm" value="4.38266642E8">438266</quantity>
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,
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), collected by R/V
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE62FF8553878E6CFD8DF879" box="[505,636,1912,1937]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">Dr. Fridtjof</emphasis>
, Sta. 64, bottom trawl,
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depth,
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:
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10651,
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+ mm,
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;
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, Cuyo
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470),
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FMNH
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mm,
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<taxonomicName id="D99F4D1DCE63FF8452E989A9FE1BFF3D" authority=", Takao" authorityName="Takao" box="[151,490,188,213]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="evermanni">
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE63FF8452E989A9FE65FF3C" box="[151,404,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">Ophichthus evermanni</emphasis>
, Takao
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<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE63FF8451E189A8FBC6FF3C" box="[927,1079,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">O. evermanni</emphasis>
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CAS
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:
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NSMTP
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="4AE06616CE63FF8452E98A90FA97FC51" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2611442/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" startId="9.[151,250,901,923]" targetBox="[151,1435,301,879]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="1E20369ECE63FF8452E98A90FA97FC51" blockId="9.[151,1435,900,953]" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE63FF8452E98A90FEE5FC72" bold="true" box="[151,276,901,923]" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D99F4D1DCE63FF8453638A91FE17FC72" baseAuthorityName="Jordan &amp; Richardson" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[285,486,900,922]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lithinus">
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE63FF8453638A91FE17FC72" box="[285,486,900,922]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">Ophichthus lithinus</emphasis>
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Jordan &amp; Richardson 1908, USNM 438266, 642 mm TL, female. Photographed soon after capture and before preservation by O. Alvheim. Arrows indicate the origins of the dorsal fin (left) and the anal fin (right).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="56856515CE63FF8452B98AF3FE5CFAC8" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="1E20369ECE63FF8452B98AF3FD60FB15" blockId="9.[151,1437,998,1710]" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE63FF8452B98AF3FEB0FC17" bold="true" box="[199,321,998,1023]" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Body elongate, cylindrical, tapering and laterally compressed posteriorly; snout and tail tip pointed; body depth behind gill openings
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32
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE63FF84505C8D1FFDC1FBCB" bold="true" box="[546,560,1034,1059]" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">–</emphasis>
37 in
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TL; anus at midbody; HL
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9.7
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11.7 in
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TL; tip of lower does not reach the posterior margin of the anterior nostril bases; dorsal fin arises ahead of gill opening by length of upper jaw; pectoral fin blade-like, rounded, 3.5
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE63FF8450578D47FDC6FB83" bold="true" box="[553,567,1106,1131]" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">–</emphasis>
4.0 in HL; a notable barbel beneath mid-snout; posterior nostril along edge of lip, covered by a minute flap, and opens into mouth; eye ends above corner of jaw; teeth pointed, uniserial, medium-sized and retrorse; 3
<superScript id="E9EA9BD6CE63FF8453918D8CFE0DFB4F" attach="left" box="[495,508,1177,1191]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">rd</superScript>
preopercular pore present; color of head and body brownish yellow, overlain dorsally by irregular brown saddles and mottling; fins pale, median fins darkened
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE63FF8456548DD7FBBDFB31" box="[1066,1100,1218,1241]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">ca.</emphasis>
1 HL before tail tip; vertebral formula 12-67-152, total vertebrae 147
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE63FF84502C8DF1FD91FB15" bold="true" box="[594,608,1252,1277]" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">–</emphasis>
157.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E20369ECE63FF8452B98C1DFE5CFAC8" blockId="9.[151,1437,998,1710]" box="[199,429,1288,1313]" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE63FF8452B98C1DFF0FFAC9" bold="true" box="[199,254,1288,1313]" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">Size.</emphasis>
To
<quantity id="D9679B7BCE63FF8453578C1CFE8DFAC8" box="[297,380,1289,1313]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.48" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" unit="cm" value="148.0">148 cm</quantity>
TL.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="56856515CE63FF8452B98C39FE6AFA81" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="1E20369ECE63FF8452B98C39FE6AFA81" blockId="9.[151,1437,998,1710]" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE63FF8452B98C39FE91FAAD" bold="true" box="[199,352,1324,1349]" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">Distribution.</emphasis>
Known from
<collectingCountry id="6688760ECE63FF8450798C39FDADFAAD" box="[519,604,1324,1349]" name="Taiwan" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="6688760ECE63FF8450148C39FD1AFAAD" box="[618,747,1324,1349]" name="Philippines" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, northern
<collectingCountry id="6688760ECE63FF84511C8C39FC3DFAAD" box="[866,972,1324,1349]" name="Australia" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">Australia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="6688760ECE63FF8451A78C39FBE4FAAD" box="[985,1045,1324,1349]" name="India" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">India</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="6688760ECE63FF8456288C3BFB34FAAE" box="[1110,1221,1326,1350]" name="Myanmar" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
. Occupies shallow sand and mud bottoms.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="56856515CE63FF8452B98C60FD04F945" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="1E20369ECE63FF8452B98C60FD04F945" blockId="9.[151,1437,998,1710]" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE63FF8452B98C60FECAFA66" bold="true" box="[199,315,1397,1422]" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">Remarks.</emphasis>
This specimen from
<collectingCountry id="6688760ECE63FF8450508C63FD6AFA66" box="[558,667,1398,1422]" name="Myanmar" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
is a female with minute developing ova. Excellent black and white illustrations accompany the original descriptions of
<taxonomicName id="D99F4D1DCE63FF84509B8C8CFCACFA59" baseAuthorityName="Jordan &amp; Richardson" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[741,861,1432,1457]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lithinus">
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE63FF84509B8C8CFCACFA59" box="[741,861,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">O. lithinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and its junior synonym
<taxonomicName id="D99F4D1DCE63FF84560A8C8CFAFFFA59" box="[1140,1294,1433,1457]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="evermanni">
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE63FF84560A8C8CFAFFFA59" box="[1140,1294,1433,1457]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">O. evermanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, however to our knowledge, no adequate color photograph or illustration of a live or freshly captured specimen has been published. Our color photograph (
<figureCitation id="86A42A1BCE63FF84505D8CF5FD76FA11" box="[547,647,1504,1529]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="9.[151,250,901,923]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,301,879]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1435,301,879]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 8. Ophichthus lithinus Jordan &amp; Richardson 1908, USNM 438266, 642 mm TL, female. Photographed soon after capture and before preservation by O. Alvheim. Arrows indicate the origins of the dorsal fin (left) and the anal fin (right)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2611442/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">Figure 8</figureCitation>
) demonstrates the dorsally mottled coloration which might provide camouflage when it is out of the substrate. The yellow coloration of the throat, axillary spot, and ventral surface is stunning; it may relate to the condition of this specimen’s developing ova, however we currently have no other explanation of its significance. Previously known only from the Western Pacific, specimens from the Bay of Bengal,
<collectingCountry id="6688760ECE63FF8452868F64FEC5F962" box="[248,308,1649,1674]" name="India" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">India</collectingCountry>
, were reported by
<bibRefCitation id="7A0E4B6FCE63FF84506C8F67FD2CF962" author="Ray, D. &amp; Mohapatra, A. &amp; Biswas, S. &amp; Satpathy, K. K. &amp; Mishra, S. S." box="[530,733,1649,1674]" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" pagination="89 - 93" refId="ref7829" refString="Ray, D., Mohapatra, A., Biswas, S., Satpathy, K. K. &amp; Mishra, S. S. (2015) First record of the Evermann's Snake eel, Ophichthus lithinus (Actinopterygii: Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae) from the northern Indian Ocean. Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria, 45, 89 - 93. https: // doi. org / 10.3750 / AIP 2015.45.1.10" type="journal article" year="2015">
Ray
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE63FF8450378F67FD74F962" box="[585,645,1649,1674]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">et al.</emphasis>
(2015)
</bibRefCitation>
. The
<taxonomicName id="D99F4D1DCE63FF84515C8F67FC6AF962" baseAuthorityName="Jordan &amp; Richardson" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[802,923,1649,1674]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lithinus">
<emphasis id="2CEBEA8CCE63FF84515C8F67FC6AF962" box="[802,923,1649,1674]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">O. lithinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimen collected in
<collectingCountry id="6688760ECE63FF8456D48F67FAE6F962" box="[1194,1303,1650,1674]" name="Myanmar" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
extends its geographical distribution in the Eastern Indian Ocean.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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