204 lines
21 KiB
XML
204 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document ENCODING="UTF8" ID-CLB-Dataset="264120" ID-GBIF-Dataset="738f9c47-deef-47b3-bf3e-469438162cf6" ModsDocAuthor="LaPolla, J. S., Brady, S. G. & Shattuck, S. O." ModsDocDate="2010" ModsDocID="23024" ModsDocOrigin="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2009.00492.x" ModsDocTitle="Phylogeny and taxonomy of the Prenolepis genus-group of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." checkinTime="1271565979872" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="LaPolla, J. S., Brady, S. G. & Shattuck, S. O." docDate="2010" docId="73C2A22406D7EF7C6453E6FD837D0626" docLanguage="en" docName="23024.htm" docOrigin="Systematic Entomology 35" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2009.00492.x" docTitle="Euprenolepis" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="C9DE62AB128537677F932C5599388040" lastPageNumber="125" masterDocId="C9DE62AB128537677F932C5599388040" masterDocTitle="Phylogeny and taxonomy of the Prenolepis genus-group of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." masterLastPageNumber="131" masterPageNumber="118" pageNumber="124" updateTime="1693327567932" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="29DE85F8EBED348D5657E235BEE4E9BB">
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<mods:title id="4E95352129A335B15977F0D1E75934E9">Phylogeny and taxonomy of the Prenolepis genus-group of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="C20F6B5CBA181AB7982111A2842E1A5D" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="2AC9D96CDA3F752170FAE883946AB775">LaPolla, J. S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="829CD446961E4D0DD70C7CD2D479A156">Brady, S. G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0FD2FE5DE315CFA58D3A2F77ADB03B6E">Shattuck, S. O.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="F02EEE48A7FD964729B6545FF9F2845B">Systematic Entomology</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="771AE89E0242A1C42EAEEF60C853B328">
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<mods:date id="CB4BE631F69EEF430A080C0C2F0FEE25">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="D9E38C7C341CB7C6EBA65BD605E7C181" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="348F760335AAFC8AF697ACC2CCEBD220">35</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="F8871A4C6BCD2459527D22C0ACEBF81E">118</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="C402A2F1048DFE907B166F4CE120CF99">131</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="43B32F3E4915C91369D486FD83812DCA">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2009.00492.x</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="BFD2CA54FD7A5AC6F24B7D2DC836EA52">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="D621B576196912207FB5C1FF1A1D7953" type="HNS-PUB">23024</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="73C2A22406D7EF7C6453E6FD837D0626" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8295007" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8295007" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:73C2A22406D7EF7C6453E6FD837D0626" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/73C2A22406D7EF7C6453E6FD837D0626" lastPageNumber="125" pageNumber="124">
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<subSubSection id="935BD55DBC17C359421CFC37F17BC82B" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9652C47798D4315CACE1145FE6E01B77" pageNumber="124">
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<taxonomicName id="5CC4FD59771D121EF3A3F5359F33A13E" ID-CoL="4GFF" ID-ENA="369128" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Euprenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Euprenolepis</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B3022D853F45B1EB4AB2DDCDB80BDA4F" type="description">
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<paragraph id="2667B9C505CB06DAF2899514A6650199" pageNumber="124">
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Figures of worker. Head: Fig. 5A (
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<taxonomicName id="2E1E92747FF5C6D15BDD1ADDD2C715C0" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudolasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">major</taxonomicName>
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) and Fig. 5B (
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<taxonomicName id="743D8DE853A06C7A2B348BD259E73430" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudolasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">minor</taxonomicName>
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); mesosoma: Fig. 6A (
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<taxonomicName id="DD81FAA2B52E2DE37A8CC5DF4A0DE9B9" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudolasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">major</taxonomicName>
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), Fig. 6B (
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<taxonomicName id="8AA75EE094A1EAB12D40A557E0A987FE" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudolasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">minor</taxonomicName>
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); mandible: Fig. 7A (
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<taxonomicName id="A783124E5A9317ECE55BB793142608C1" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudolasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">major</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0030630AF14FBC24AC09A3748436EDF2" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="B1197B9FDA316BBC480A0EA68CA14417" pageNumber="124">
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Synopsis of taxonomic history (for full description see
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<bibRefCitation id="6A7921CC1F8AAFC81E2567EC956699EE" author="Bolton, B. & Alpert, G. & Ward, P. S. & Naskrecki, P." etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bolton" refId="ref9932" refString="Bolton, B., Alpert, G., Ward, P. S. & Naskrecki, P. (2006) Bolton ' s Catalogue of Ants of the World: 1758 - 2005 [CD-ROM]. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts." type="book" year="2006">Bolton et al., 2006</bibRefCitation>
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):
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<taxonomicName id="C9928BAF1C452B95B3D6A26CD0BE4D2E" authority="Emery, 1906: 134" authorityName="Emery" authorityPageNumber="134" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Euprenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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Euprenolepis
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<bibRefCitation id="E7422E4F522D62CE4DBE12297A1B0D7F" author="Emery, C." firstAuthor="Emery" page="134" pagination="130 - 134" refId="ref10331" refString="Emery, C. (1906) Note sur Prenolepis vividula Nyl. et sur la classification des espe ' ces du genre Prenolepis. Annales de la Socie ' te ' Entomologique de Belgique, 50, 130 - 134." type="journal article" year="1906">Emery, 1906: 134</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. As subgenus of
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<taxonomicName id="92ADCE2604385D5CC741026F252CE8E1" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Prenolepis</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="02DDF0FE6258109245A888796F8B20D1" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Euprenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Euprenolepis</taxonomicName>
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as subgenus of
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<taxonomicName id="1EA25C33809AE16D77014ADCE99FD8A5" authority="Emery, 1925: 223" authorityName="Emery" authorityPageNumber="223" authorityYear="1925" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Paratrechina">
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Paratrechina,
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<bibRefCitation id="638EE55F188225C3CEA8041009983586" author="Emery, C." firstAuthor="Emery" page="223" pagination="1 - 302" refId="ref10404" refString="Emery, C. (1925) Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Formicinae. Genera Insectorum, 183, 1 - 302." type="journal article" year="1925">Emery, 1925: 223</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="F007E4A45CF895B01A9B82B711FB85E6" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Euprenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Euprenolepis</taxonomicName>
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raised to genus and senior synonym of Chapmanella,
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<bibRefCitation id="6BC9B081BDCA7A926630614E4223CA99" author="Brown, W. L. Jr" firstAuthor="Brown" page="6" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref10043" refString="Brown, W. L. Jr (1953) Characters and synonymies among the genera of ants. Part II. Breviora, 18, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1953">Brown, 1953: 6</bibRefCitation>
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. Type species:
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<taxonomicName id="04F1CA51530D4BF3717012A08A0E991C" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="procera" subGenus="Euprenolepis">Prenolepis (Euprenolepis) procera</taxonomicName>
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, by original description.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C606E4A4A76804999ECF92319DE7D17A" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="0963E8F25A15820528FE4B4F6D27C3A3" lastPageNumber="125" pageNumber="124">
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Diagnosis. Mandible with 5 teeth; basal tooth with an obtuse angle on the inner mandibular margin (one known exception
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<taxonomicName id="FA5A6DEF7588D1A3656212F4B7A710E3" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Euprenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="negrosensis">E. negrosensis</taxonomicName>
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, in which basal tooth is roughly quadriform relative to inner mandibular margin); mandalus
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<pageBreakToken id="5ECED315C88AF4A4CF39DC63C7E8DABC" pageNumber="125" start="start">large</pageBreakToken>
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and conspicuous; maxillary palps 3-segmented; labial palps 4-segmented. Eyes typically well developed and placed more anteriorly of midlength of head. Mesothorax constricted immediately behind pronotum. Erect setae on dorsum of head randomly placed; anterior portion of head slightly wider than preceding portion and flattened slightly; erect setae present on scapes, legs and dorsum of mesosoma, including propodeum; propodeum with a high-domed dorsal face; overall body shape long and slender.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="846B769629718453677BCF7E260BB863" type="multiple">
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<caption id="248453EDABE80C5A1FAF4DC0842ED8AC" pageNumber="125">
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<paragraph id="DA67C2EACC7158BF1996E544736DDDBC" pageNumber="125">
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Fig. 5. Heads of
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<taxonomicName id="7849B78043B4372A2CC6472B08867C8E" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Prenolepis</taxonomicName>
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genus-group workers in full frontal view. (A)
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<taxonomicName id="C8F6C81339C2D9C24F6057925893550A" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Euprenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">Euprenolepis major</taxonomicName>
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; (B)
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<taxonomicName id="2A135DA2C691E39E217A461892478D81" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Euprenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">Euprenolepis minor</taxonomicName>
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; (C)
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<taxonomicName id="4E33A586BC998F65A9E35D82ECDBA587" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Nylanderia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nylanderia</taxonomicName>
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; (D)
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<taxonomicName id="EC3B5692EF8D4B10A8B73EB7D465C6ED" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Paratrechina">Paratrechina</taxonomicName>
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; (E)
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<taxonomicName id="403AE8140991C28F49CB2F3F3315B2F8" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Paraparatrechina">Paraparatrechina</taxonomicName>
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; (F)
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<taxonomicName id="695A5CD87B5A38807B0C54D9A6BE3C67" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Prenolepis</taxonomicName>
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; (G)
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<taxonomicName id="8A320F87742C49F91DC21864AB8B0A96" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudolasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">Pseudolasius major</taxonomicName>
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; (H)
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<taxonomicName id="85AC40E4D5DF657B4A93287F5F08A967" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudolasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">Pseudolasius minor</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="B32B2B6CEDA4F7DCC44DF5719684C495" pageNumber="125">
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<paragraph id="6482085206CCD10F668774D28BBB3408" pageNumber="125">
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<pageBreakToken id="114E4EDFC689869BAD427DC0D17BA6C5" pageNumber="125">Fig</pageBreakToken>
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. 6. Mesosoma of
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<taxonomicName id="CA93AB9A62ED94D69A50B4B6536A2B87" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Prenolepis</taxonomicName>
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genus-group workers in lateral view. (A)
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<taxonomicName id="8750EB31A2759C706C4EEF0E3489547E" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Euprenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">Euprenolepis major</taxonomicName>
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; (B)
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<taxonomicName id="3DDB20D555A77B3CEF4C643D9E7B663B" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Euprenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">Euprenolepis minor</taxonomicName>
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; (C)
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<taxonomicName id="59E9188CB72A9D6682F7D753509AAB4E" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Nylanderia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nylanderia</taxonomicName>
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; (D)
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<taxonomicName id="BA4D18828D0ED804ED7C240573BA1BFE" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Paratrechina">Paratrechina</taxonomicName>
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; (E)
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<taxonomicName id="96D04FBBB3D7250707C83991BE566551" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Paraparatrechina">Paraparatrechina</taxonomicName>
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; (F)
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<taxonomicName id="EAD856BE3619AC1CAB7AB6230E4F5C8C" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Prenolepis</taxonomicName>
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; (G)
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<taxonomicName id="E83C14DE3488FBD67009BD2C881BAE48" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudolasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">Pseudolasius major</taxonomicName>
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; (H)
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<taxonomicName id="F15AC420D6AF7473FADCC65197B2A37C" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudolasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">Pseudolasius minor</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E6DCA14325888B1676EE5B3B95B838E9" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="4EFD9ADE841317415B00AA3A3E5F1C5E" pageNumber="125">Distribution. (Fig. 8A). This genus appears to be restricted to Southeastern Asia.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="349E0946509ED6F1D9AB253D9BD20DCF" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="1E44942E1BB11E5C81421842ED417A33" pageNumber="125">
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Notes.
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<bibRefCitation id="B51E62B3D0B8A817E376C6C1FDB21195" author="LaPolla, J. S." firstAuthor="LaPolla" pagination="1 - 25" refId="ref10655" refString="LaPolla, J. S. (2009) Taxonomic revision of the Southeast Asian ant genus Euprenolepis. Zootaxa, 2046, 1 - 25." type="journal article" year="2009">LaPolla (2009)</bibRefCitation>
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recently revised the species-level taxonomy of this genus. In
|
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<taxonomicName id="257A62A8866A93E9025FF9FF49C3735C" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="procera">E. procera</taxonomicName>
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, workers are polymorphic with
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<taxonomicName id="3D9043A5D172CE45899A7F7D31366608" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudolasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">a major</taxonomicName>
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caste clearly expressed. In several
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4B50D97F97CA1634F278767F620393EA" pageNumber="125">
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<taxonomicName id="65480679E0A98E24963A8E1B10E7649B" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Euprenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Euprenolepis</taxonomicName>
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species, however, the existence of worker polymorphism is unclear owing to the small number of available specimens (
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<bibRefCitation id="53B55B496E4BB26CC9B195C18898F902" author="LaPolla, J. S." firstAuthor="LaPolla" pagination="1 - 25" refId="ref10655" refString="LaPolla, J. S. (2009) Taxonomic revision of the Southeast Asian ant genus Euprenolepis. Zootaxa, 2046, 1 - 25." type="journal article" year="2009">LaPolla, 2009</bibRefCitation>
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). Even among
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<taxonomicName id="A0D1E22805989DE58D69F6A293DE4866" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="procera">E. procera</taxonomicName>
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specimens collected from a variety of localities, relatively few larger workers have been found.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FAE59CCC988DE1765CBB7892B5B43558" lastPageNumber="126" pageNumber="125">
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Species of
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<taxonomicName id="F929ED2027CC2478D373ABC5DB2327BC" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudolasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudolasius</taxonomicName>
|
||
that possess 5 mandibular teeth, 4-segmented labial palps and have a constriction of the mesothorax immediately behind the pronotum can be difficult to separate from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40B11A425467A97C4BB0881DD5C29631" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Euprenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Euprenolepis</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. Fortunately, few
|
||
<taxonomicName id="985F6257EC6A3FDB7835857329F5677A" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudolasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudolasius</taxonomicName>
|
||
species have this suite of morphological features. The most reliable morphological character to separate these two genera is the presence of larger eyes in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="96D05D922EC75A55D4913C6622C5BF30" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Euprenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Euprenolepis</taxonomicName>
|
||
. All
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A389BCE4A46BAAD7877325CBE244BBF1" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudolasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudolasius</taxonomicName>
|
||
have some reduction in eye size relative to most other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9F66A8467D2E28733DDDA57D0BA3AB7C" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Prenolepis</taxonomicName>
|
||
genus-group species, and many
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DD9074684ED3CFC406F433F78150DDC" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudolasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudolasius</taxonomicName>
|
||
species display extreme eye reduction. All
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A9690EE00A51CF2139E0BCD32D8739AA" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Euprenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Euprenolepis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with the exception of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="54E908E6381945D8C221CF2E21D96AF4" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Euprenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="negrosensis">E. negrosensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, have large eyes. In the
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="5025A7241339507908AB75108C4CE0E3" pageNumber="126" start="start">case</pageBreakToken>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B27DAD3491852989815B64C601BDFA2" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Euprenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="negrosensis">E. negrosensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, all other morphological characters suggest its placement within the genus. Another character that separates the two genera is the condition of the mandalus. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B114F21805F3CA4A3CE302D7D791E3BD" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Euprenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Euprenolepis</taxonomicName>
|
||
the mandalus (Fig. 7A) is large and conspicuous (often visible without dissection), usually at least 2× the size of the mandalus found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07801CEB2DE4F9A057122027F43904DA" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudolasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudolasius</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |