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<mods:title id="6D149A33A33E222D68AF173B902EA1A2">The genus Helionothrips (Thysanoptera, Panchaetothripinae) in China, with two new species and an identification key</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="41FD5E11FD45992FA9AEEE22E6C0704B">Xie, Yanlan</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6246FFAD63EFDC4C2AE67A1F" ID-CoL="62TN9" authority="Bagnall" authorityName="Bagnall" authorityYear="1932" box="[151,422,1801,1828]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6246FFAD63EFDC4C2A7F7A1F" bold="true" box="[151,319,1801,1828]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="392">Helionothrips</emphasis>
Bagnall
</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6246FFAD63EFDC0B2AAF7A5D" ID-CoL="62TN9" authority="Bagnall, 1932: 506" authorityName="Bagnall" authorityPageNumber="506" authorityYear="1932" box="[151,495,1870,1895]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6246FFAD63EFDC0B2A647A5D" box="[151,292,1870,1894]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="392">Helionothrips</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="183A4B1F6246FFAD6252DC0B2AAF7A5D" author="Bagnall, R. S." box="[298,495,1870,1895]" pageId="0" pageNumber="392" pagination="505 - 520" refId="ref7267" refString="Bagnall, R. S. (1932) Brief descriptions of new Thysanoptera XVII. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 10 (10), 505 - 520. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933208673602" type="journal article" year="1932">Bagnall, 1932: 506</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<typeStatus id="A310884C6246FFAD6280DC0A296A7A5C" box="[504,554,1871,1895]" pageId="0" pageNumber="392">Type</typeStatus>
species 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6246FFAD61F8DC0B2F5B7A5D" ID-CoL="3KC7H" authority="Bagnall 1915" authorityName="Bagnall" authorityYear="1915" box="[640,1051,1870,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Heliothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneipennis">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6246FFAD61F8DC0B28CB7A5D" box="[640,907,1870,1894]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="392">Heliothrips brunneipennis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="183A4B1F6246FFAD60E9DC0B2F5B7A5D" author="Bagnall, R. S." box="[913,1051,1870,1894]" pageId="0" pageNumber="392" pagination="315 - 324" refId="ref7225" refString="Bagnall, R. S. (1915) Brief descriptions of new Thysanoptera V. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 15 (8), 315 - 324. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931508693644" type="journal article" year="1915">Bagnall 1915</bibRefCitation>
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, by monotypy.
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<paragraph id="7C1436EE6246FFAC63EFDCD02F9D7C7A" blockId="0.[151,1436,1941,2039]" lastBlockId="1.[151,1436,150,321]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="393" pageId="0" pageNumber="392">
Members of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6246FFAD62EEDCD029727A94" authorityName="Bagnall" authorityYear="1932" box="[406,562,1941,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6246FFAD62EEDCD029727A94" box="[406,562,1941,1967]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="392">Helionothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are readily recognised within the subfamily 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6246FFAD675ADCD02FB97A94" authorityName="Bagnall" authorityYear="1912" box="[1058,1273,1941,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Panchaetothripinae">Panchaetothripinae</taxonomicName>
by the following character states: posterior part of head forming a wide transverse concave collar; antennal segments III &amp; IV with curved forked sense cones; abdominal tergites each with a strongly developed antecostal line forming a series of arches or contiguous scallop-like areas. 
<bibRefCitation id="183A4B1F6247FFAC6108DBD228517D8A" author="Wilson, T. H." box="[624,785,150,177]" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" pagination="1 - 354" refId="ref8029" refString="Wilson, T. H. (1975) A monograph of the subfamily Panchaetothripinae (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 23, 1 - 354." type="journal article" year="1975">Wilson (1975)</bibRefCitation>
has provided a detailed diagnosis of this genus, with a key to the 18 species that were described up to that time. Moreover, reviews have been published of the species known from the following areas: Africa (
<bibRefCitation id="183A4B1F6247FFAC616CDB9A29D97DC2" author="Faure, J. C." box="[532,665,223,249]" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" pagination="354 - 375" refId="ref7381" refString="Faure, J. C. (1961) Thysanoptera of Africa - 5. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, 21 (2), 354 - 375." type="journal article" year="1961">Faure 1961</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry id="04BC767E6247FFAC61D6DB9A29A87DC2" box="[686,744,223,249]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">India</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="183A4B1F6247FFAC6180DB9A28C27DC2" author="Bhatti, J. S." box="[760,898,223,249]" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" pagination="35 - 39" refId="ref7309" refString="Bhatti, J. S. (1968) The genus Helionothrips Bagnall in India (Thysanoptera). Oriental Insects, 2 (1), 35 - 39. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.1968.10433869" type="journal article" year="1968">Bhatti 1968</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry id="04BC767E6247FFAC60EEDB9A28967DC2" box="[918,982,223,249]" name="Japan" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="183A4B1F6247FFAC609EDB9A2F2A7DC2" author="Kudo, I." box="[998,1130,223,249]" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" pagination="271 - 289" refId="ref7517" refString="Kudo, I. (1992) Panchaetothripinae in Japan (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) 2. Panchaetothripini, the genus Helionothrips. Japanese Journal of Entomology, 60, 271 - 289. [http: // ci. nii. ac. jp / els / contentscinii _ 20170826214438. pdf? id = ART 0006278387]" type="journal article" year="1992">Kudô 1992</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry id="04BC767E6247FFAC6706DB9A2F907DC2" box="[1150,1232,223,249]" name="Taiwan" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="183A4B1F6247FFAC6798DB9A2E237DC2" author="Wang, C. L." box="[1248,1379,223,249]" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" pagination="389 - 398" refId="ref7829" refString="Wang, C. L. (1993) The Helionothrips species of Taiwan (Thysanoptera, Thripidae, Panchaetothripinae). Zoology (Journal of Pure and Applied Zoology), 4, 389 - 398." type="journal article" year="1993">Wang 1993</bibRefCitation>
) and 
<collectingCountry id="04BC767E6247FFAC63EFDA462B9A7C26" box="[151,218,259,285]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">China</collectingCountry>
(Mirab-balou 
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6247FFAC6203DA462AF37C26" box="[379,435,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">et al.</emphasis>
2017). Despite these publications some species remain weakly discriminated, being based on descriptions that lack clarity. Here we discuss some characters that can be difficult to evaluate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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TABLE 1. 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6247FFAC626EDA2C29447CB9" box="[278,516,361,386]" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6247FFAC626EDA2C2AEF7CBA" bold="true" box="[278,431,361,385]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">Helionothrips</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
recorded from China
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7C1436EE6247FFAC63DBDAD728C2786C" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">
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<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6247FFAC63DBDAD72BB67C91" bold="true" box="[163,246,402,426]" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">Species</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="814A5DD062470052612DDAD728747C90" box="[597,820,402,427]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6247FFAC612DDAD7284F7C91" bold="true" box="[597,783,402,426]" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">Original locality</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="814A5DD0624700526033DAD72E397C90" box="[843,1401,402,427]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6247FFAC6033DAD72F6B7C90" bold="true" box="[843,1067,402,427]" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">Subsequent records</emphasis>
</th>
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<tr id="C29B34AC6247005263DBDAF92E397F35" box="[163,1401,444,526]" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">
<th id="814A5DD06247005263DBDAF9295A7F35" box="[163,538,444,526]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6247FFAC63DBDA9F2A2E7CCA" authority="(Ishida, 1931)" baseAuthorityName="Ishida" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[163,366,473,497]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aino">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6247FFAC63DBDA9F2B927CCA" box="[163,210,474,497]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">aino</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="183A4B1F6247FFAC6398DA9C2A267CCA" author="Ishida, M." box="[224,358,473,497]" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" pagination="32 - 42" refId="ref7491" refString="Ishida, M. (1931) Fauna of the Thysanoptera of Japan. Insecta matsumurana, 7 (1), 32 - 42." type="journal article" year="1931">Ishida, 1931</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="814A5DD062470052612DDAF928747F35" box="[597,820,444,526]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">Japan</td>
<td id="814A5DD0624700526033DAF92E397F35" box="[843,1401,444,526]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">Nepal-Bagmati; India-Himachal Pradesh; ChinaFujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Hunan, Henan, Jiangxi, Shanxi, Taiwan, Yunnan</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C29B34AC6247005263DBD95A2E397F49" box="[163,1401,543,626]" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">
<th id="814A5DD06247005263DBD95A295A7F49" box="[163,538,543,626]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6247FFAC63DBD97B2BBA7F6E" box="[163,250,574,597]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">annosus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="183A4B1F6247FFAC6278D9782AC07F6E" author="Wang, C. L." box="[256,384,573,597]" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" pagination="389 - 398" refId="ref7829" refString="Wang, C. L. (1993) The Helionothrips species of Taiwan (Thysanoptera, Thripidae, Panchaetothripinae). Zoology (Journal of Pure and Applied Zoology), 4, 389 - 398." type="journal article" year="1993">Wang, 1993</bibRefCitation>
</th>
<td id="814A5DD062470052612DD95A28747F49" box="[597,820,543,626]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">China-Taiwan</td>
<td id="814A5DD0624700526033D95A2E397F49" box="[843,1401,543,626]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">Malaysia-Selangor; Philippines-Luzon; ChinaChongqing, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Sichuan, Yunnan</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C29B34AC6247005263DBD9C62E397FA0" box="[163,1401,643,667]" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">
<th id="814A5DD06247005263DBD9C6295A7FA0" box="[163,538,643,667]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6247FFAC63DBD9C62AA97FA0" authority="(Bagnall, 1915)" baseAuthorityName="Bagnall" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[163,489,643,667]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Heliothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneipennis">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6247FFAC63DBD9C62A7C7FA0" box="[163,316,643,667]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">brunneipennis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="183A4B1F6247FFAC6231D9C62AA27FA0" author="Bagnall, R. S." box="[329,482,643,667]" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" pagination="315 - 324" refId="ref7225" refString="Bagnall, R. S. (1915) Brief descriptions of new Thysanoptera V. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 15 (8), 315 - 324. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931508693644" type="journal article" year="1915">Bagnall, 1915</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="814A5DD062470052612DD9C628747FA0" box="[597,820,643,667]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">Sri Lanka</td>
<td id="814A5DD0624700526033D9C62E397FA0" box="[843,1401,643,667]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">India; China-Guangdong, Hainan, Taiwan, Yunnan</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C29B34AC6247005263DBD9E92E397FC4" box="[163,1401,684,767]" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">
<th id="814A5DD06247005263DBD9E9295A7FC4" box="[163,538,684,767]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6247FFAC63DBD98F2A557FD9" box="[163,277,714,738]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">cephalicus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="183A4B1F6247FFAC6263D98F2AD97FD9" author="Hood, J. D." box="[283,409,714,738]" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" pagination="188 - 193" refId="ref7461" refString="Hood, J. D. (1954) Three new Heliothripine Thysanoptera from Formosa. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 56, 188 - 193." type="journal article" year="1954">Hood, 1954</bibRefCitation>
</th>
<td id="814A5DD062470052612DD9E928747FC4" box="[597,820,684,767]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">China-Taiwan</td>
<td id="814A5DD0624700526033D9E92E397FC4" box="[843,1401,684,767]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">Japan-Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; Nepal-Janakpur; Malaysia-Kedah; India; China-Gansu, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hongkong, Hunan, Jiangxi, Yunnan</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C29B34AC6247005263DBD8552E397E12" box="[163,1401,784,809]" gridrow="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">
<th id="814A5DD06247005263DBD855295A7E12" box="[163,538,784,809]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6247FFAC63DBD8542A4F7E13" box="[163,271,785,808]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">communis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="183A4B1F6247FFAC626DD8542AD57E12" author="Wang, C. L." box="[277,405,785,809]" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" pagination="389 - 398" refId="ref7829" refString="Wang, C. L. (1993) The Helionothrips species of Taiwan (Thysanoptera, Thripidae, Panchaetothripinae). Zoology (Journal of Pure and Applied Zoology), 4, 389 - 398." type="journal article" year="1993">Wang, 1993</bibRefCitation>
</th>
<td id="814A5DD062470052612DD85528747E12" box="[597,820,784,809]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">China-Taiwan</td>
<td id="814A5DD0624700526033D8552E397E12" box="[843,1401,784,809]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">-</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C29B34AC6247005263DBD87F2E397E54" box="[163,1401,826,879]" gridrow="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">
<th id="814A5DD06247005263DBD87F295A7E54" box="[163,538,826,879]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6247FFAC63DBD80C2AE47E5B" authority="(Williams, 1916)" baseAuthorityName="Williams" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[163,420,840,864]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="errans">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6247FFAC63DBD80C2BA97E5B" box="[163,233,841,864]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">errans</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="183A4B1F6247FFAC638ED80D2ADD7E5B" author="Williams, C. B." box="[246,413,840,864]" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" pagination="221 - 227" refId="ref7981" refString="Williams, C. B. (1916) Biological and systematic notes on British Thysanoptera. The Entomologist, 49, 221 - 227 + 243 - 245 + 275 - 284. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 4499" type="journal article" year="1916">Williams, 1916</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="814A5DD062470052612DD87F28747E54" box="[597,820,826,879]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">England</td>
<td id="814A5DD0624700526033D87F2E397E54" box="[843,1401,826,879]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">China-Taiwan; Australia; Brazil; Japan; Kenya; southern Africa</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C29B34AC6247005263DBD8C52E397EA3" box="[163,1401,896,920]" gridrow="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">
<th id="814A5DD06247005263DBD8C5295A7EA3" box="[163,538,896,920]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6247FFAC63DBD8C52BBC7EA3" box="[163,252,896,920]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">linderae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="183A4B1F6247FFAC627AD8C52AC07EA3" author="Kudo, I." box="[258,384,896,920]" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" pagination="271 - 289" refId="ref7517" refString="Kudo, I. (1992) Panchaetothripinae in Japan (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) 2. Panchaetothripini, the genus Helionothrips. Japanese Journal of Entomology, 60, 271 - 289. [http: // ci. nii. ac. jp / els / contentscinii _ 20170826214438. pdf? id = ART 0006278387]" type="journal article" year="1992">Kudô, 1992</bibRefCitation>
</th>
<td id="814A5DD062470052612DD8C528747EA3" box="[597,820,896,920]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">Japan-Honshu</td>
<td id="814A5DD0624700526033D8C52E397EA3" box="[843,1401,896,920]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">China-Taiwan</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C29B34AC6247005263DBD8EC2E397EE5" box="[163,1401,937,990]" gridrow="8" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">
<th id="814A5DD06247005263DBD8EC295A7EE5" box="[163,538,937,990]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6247FFAC63DBD8FD2A5F7EEB" box="[163,287,952,976]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">lushanensis</emphasis>
Wang &amp; Tong, 2017
</th>
<td id="814A5DD062470052612DD8EC28747EE5" box="[597,820,937,990]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">China-Jiangxi, Hunan</td>
<td id="814A5DD0624700526033D8EC2E397EE5" box="[843,1401,937,990]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">-</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C29B34AC6247005263DBD8B52E39791E" box="[163,1401,1008,1061]" gridrow="9" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">
<th id="814A5DD06247005263DBD8B5295A791E" box="[163,538,1008,1061]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6247FFAC63DBD8BB2BB9792D" authority="Xie &amp; Li &amp; Zhang, 2022" authorityName="Xie &amp; Li &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2022" box="[163,249,1022,1046]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6247FFAC63DBD8BB2BB9792D" box="[163,249,1022,1046]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">pallidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="55EC57876247FFAC6387D8BA2A72792D" box="[255,306,1023,1046]" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</th>
<td id="814A5DD062470052612DD8B52874791E" box="[597,820,1008,1061]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">China-Yunnan, Guizhou</td>
<td id="814A5DD0624700526033D8B52E39791E" box="[843,1401,1008,1061]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">-</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C29B34AC6247005263DBDF732E397975" box="[163,1401,1078,1102]" gridrow="10" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">
<th id="814A5DD06247005263DBDF73295A7975" box="[163,538,1078,1102]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6247FFAC63DBDF722BAC7975" box="[163,236,1079,1102]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">parvus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="183A4B1F6247FFAC638ADF732A357975" author="Bhatti, J. S." box="[242,373,1078,1102]" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" pagination="35 - 39" refId="ref7309" refString="Bhatti, J. S. (1968) The genus Helionothrips Bagnall in India (Thysanoptera). Oriental Insects, 2 (1), 35 - 39. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.1968.10433869" type="journal article" year="1968">Bhatti, 1968</bibRefCitation>
</th>
<td id="814A5DD062470052612DDF7328747975" box="[597,820,1078,1102]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">India-Mussoorie</td>
<td id="814A5DD0624700526033DF732E397975" box="[843,1401,1078,1102]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">Nepal- Bagmati; China- Guizhou, Yunnan</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C29B34AC6247005263DBDF1A2E39794C" box="[163,1401,1119,1143]" gridrow="11" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">
<th id="814A5DD06247005263DBDF1A295A794C" box="[163,538,1119,1143]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6247FFAC63DBDF1A2A62794C" authority="Xie &amp; Li &amp; Zhang, 2022" authorityName="Xie &amp; Li &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2022" box="[163,290,1119,1143]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phragmitesi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6247FFAC63DBDF1A2A62794C" box="[163,290,1119,1143]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">phragmitesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="55EC57876247FFAC6251DF252A1B794C" box="[297,347,1120,1143]" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</th>
<td id="814A5DD062470052612DDF1A2874794C" box="[597,820,1119,1143]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">China-Chongqing</td>
<td id="814A5DD0624700526033DF1A2E39794C" box="[843,1401,1119,1143]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">-</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C29B34AC6247005263DBDFCC2E39799A" box="[163,1401,1161,1185]" gridrow="12" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">
<th id="814A5DD06247005263DBDFCC295A799A" box="[163,538,1161,1185]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6247FFAC63DBDFCC2A43799A" box="[163,259,1161,1185]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">ponkikiri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="183A4B1F6247FFAC6271DFCC2AC7799A" author="Kudo, I." box="[265,391,1161,1185]" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" pagination="271 - 289" refId="ref7517" refString="Kudo, I. (1992) Panchaetothripinae in Japan (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) 2. Panchaetothripini, the genus Helionothrips. Japanese Journal of Entomology, 60, 271 - 289. [http: // ci. nii. ac. jp / els / contentscinii _ 20170826214438. pdf? id = ART 0006278387]" type="journal article" year="1992">Kudô, 1992</bibRefCitation>
</th>
<td id="814A5DD062470052612DDFCC2874799A" box="[597,820,1161,1185]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">Japan-Honshu</td>
<td id="814A5DD0624700526033DFCC2E39799A" box="[843,1401,1161,1185]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">China-Guangxi</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C29B34AC6247005263DBDFF72E3979DC" box="[163,1401,1202,1255]" gridrow="13" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">
<th id="814A5DD06247005263DBDFF7295A79DC" box="[163,538,1202,1255]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6247FFAC63DBDF842BB479E3" authorityName="Mirab-balou &amp; Tong" authorityYear="2016" box="[163,244,1217,1240]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugatus">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6247FFAC63DBDF842BB479E3" box="[163,244,1217,1240]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">rugatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Mirab-balou &amp; Tong, 2017
</th>
<td id="814A5DD062470052612DDFF7287479DC" box="[597,820,1202,1255]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">China-Guangdong, Yunnan</td>
<td id="814A5DD0624700526033DFF72E3979DC" box="[843,1401,1202,1255]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">China-Guizhou</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C29B34AC6247005263DBDFBD2E397815" box="[163,1401,1272,1326]" gridrow="14" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">
<th id="814A5DD06247005263DBDFBD295A7815" box="[163,538,1272,1326]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6247FFAC63DBDE422A1B7824" box="[163,347,1287,1311]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">shennongjiaensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="183A4B1F6247FFAC6219DE4229557824" author="Feng, J. N. &amp; Yang, X. N. &amp; Zhang, G. L." box="[353,533,1287,1311]" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" pagination="451 - 454" refId="ref7414" refString="Feng, J. N., Yang, X. N. &amp; Zhang, G. L. (2007) Taxonomic study of the genus Helionothrips from China (Thysanoptera, Thripidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 32, 451 - 454." type="journal article" year="2007">
Feng 
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6247FFAC62E5DE4D2A937824" box="[413,467,1287,1311]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">et al.</emphasis>
, 2007
</bibRefCitation>
</th>
<td id="814A5DD062470052612DDFBD28747815" box="[597,820,1272,1326]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">China-Hubei</td>
<td id="814A5DD0624700526033DFBD2E397815" box="[843,1401,1272,1326]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">China-Fujian, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C29B34AC6247005263DBDE7A2E39786C" box="[163,1401,1343,1367]" gridrow="15" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">
<th id="814A5DD06247005263DBDE7A295A786C" box="[163,538,1343,1367]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6247FFAC63DBDE052BB3786C" box="[163,243,1344,1367]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">unitatis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="183A4B1F6247FFAC6381DE7A2A34786C" author="Chen, L. S." box="[249,372,1343,1367]" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" pagination="117 - 130" refId="ref7350" refString="Chen, L. S. (1981) Studies on the Panchaetothripinae (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Taiwan. Plant Protection Bulletin, 23, 117 - 130." type="journal article" year="1981">Chen, 1981</bibRefCitation>
</th>
<td id="814A5DD062470052612DDE7A2874786C" box="[597,820,1343,1367]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">China-Taiwan</td>
<td id="814A5DD0624700526033DE7A2E39786C" box="[843,1401,1343,1367]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">India</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="34B165656247FFA863BFDEC228047DEE" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="397" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" type="description">
<paragraph id="7C1436EE6247FFAC63BFDEC228567A16" blockId="1.[151,1437,1414,2017]" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6247FFAC63BFDEC22AC5789A" bold="true" box="[199,389,1414,1441]" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">Fore wing color.</emphasis>
Typically, the fore wings of 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6247FFAC61B9DEC328F4789B" box="[705,948,1414,1440]" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6247FFAC61B9DEC3281D789B" box="[705,861,1414,1440]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">Helionothrips</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
are dark brown at the base, with a sub-basal white band and a brown area at the veinal fork, and with the extreme apex also brown. The differences between species are in the colour of the apical half of the wing. This varies from uniformly brown (
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6247FFAC67F3DE8A2A187B37" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6247FFAC67F3DE8A2FAA78D3" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="1993" box="[1163,1258,1487,1512]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annosus">annosus</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6247FFAC678DDE8B2ED878D3" baseAuthorityName="Bagnall" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[1269,1432,1486,1512]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Heliothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneipennis">brunneipennis</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6247FFAC63EFDEB72A187B37" box="[151,344,1522,1548]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shennongjiaensis">shennongjiaensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
), gradually fading apically (
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6247FFAC61F7DEB72F3F7B37" box="[655,1151,1522,1548]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6247FFAC61F7DEB728497B37" authorityName="Hood" authorityYear="1954" box="[655,777,1522,1548]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cephalicus">cephalicus</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6247FFAC606ADEB628C67B37" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="1993" box="[786,902,1523,1548]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Phragmites" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="communis">communis</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6247FFAC60E8DEB728B07B37" authorityName="Kudo" authorityYear="1992" box="[912,1008,1522,1548]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="linderae">linderae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6247FFAC6081DEB72F3F7B37" authority="Xie &amp; Li &amp; Zhang, 2022" authorityName="Xie &amp; Li &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2022" box="[1017,1151,1522,1548]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phragmitesi" status="sp. nov.">phragmitesi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6247FFAC67FBDEB62F827B36" bold="true" box="[1155,1218,1523,1549]" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="55EC57876247FFAC67FBDEB62FFD7B36" box="[1155,1213,1523,1549]" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6247FFAC67BFDEB72ECC7B37" box="[1223,1420,1522,1548]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6247FFAC67BFDEB72E6F7B37" authorityName="Kudo" authorityYear="1992" box="[1223,1327,1522,1548]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ponkikiri">ponkikiri</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6247FFAC6640DEB62ECC7B37" authorityName="Chen" authorityYear="1981" box="[1336,1420,1523,1548]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unitatis">unitatis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
), clearly banded (
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6247FFAC6237DD52294D7B0B" box="[335,525,1559,1584]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6247FFAC6237DD522AEA7B0B" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1975" box="[335,426,1559,1584]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">minutus</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6247FFAC62CFDD52294D7B0B" authorityName="Mirab-balou &amp; Tong" authorityYear="2016" box="[439,525,1559,1584]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugatus">rugatus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
), to almost pale (
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6247FFAC61A1DD5228CF7B0B" box="[729,911,1558,1584]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6247FFAC61A1DD5228687B0B" authorityName="Bhatti" authorityYear="1968" box="[729,808,1559,1584]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvus">parvus</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6247FFAC604DDD5328CF7B0B" authority="Xie &amp; Li &amp; Zhang, 2022" authorityName="Xie &amp; Li &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2022" box="[821,911,1558,1584]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidus" status="sp. nov.">pallidus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="55EC57876247FFAC60E0DD5228967B0A" box="[920,982,1559,1585]" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" rank="species">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6247FFAC60E0DD5228927B0A" bold="true" box="[920,978,1559,1585]" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">sp. n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
) (
<figureCitation id="E4902A6B6247FFAC608ADD532F1A7B0A" box="[1010,1114,1558,1585]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–9" captionStartId="2.[152,270,1579,1603]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,597,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-229@2.[151,1435,597,1556]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–9. Fore wing of Helionothrips species, female. (1) H. shennongjiaensis; (2) H. brunneipennis; (3) H. annosus; (4) H. aino; (5) H. phragmitesi sp. n.; (6) H. cephalicus; (7) H. rugatus; (8) H. pallidus sp. n.; (9) H. parvus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154426/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">Figs 1–9</figureCitation>
). It is important to note that “gradually fading apically” involves progressive variation and thus can be difficult to assess. For example, the apical half in 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6247FFAC6394DD1A2A5E7B43" baseAuthorityName="Ishida" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[236,286,1631,1656]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aino">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6247FFAC6394DD1A2A5E7B43" box="[236,286,1631,1656]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">aino</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(and 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6247FFAC621BDD1B2AE07B43" authorityName="Kudo" authorityYear="1992" box="[355,416,1630,1656]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mube">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6247FFAC621BDD1B2AE07B43" box="[355,416,1630,1656]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">mube</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) seems more suitably scored as “uniformly light brown” (
<figureCitation id="E4902A6B6247FFAC673ADD1B2FC97B42" box="[1090,1161,1630,1657]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–9" captionStartId="2.[152,270,1579,1603]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,597,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-229@2.[151,1435,597,1556]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–9. Fore wing of Helionothrips species, female. (1) H. shennongjiaensis; (2) H. brunneipennis; (3) H. annosus; (4) H. aino; (5) H. phragmitesi sp. n.; (6) H. cephalicus; (7) H. rugatus; (8) H. pallidus sp. n.; (9) H. parvus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154426/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
), rather than “gradually fading apically” as described in most published literature. 
<bibRefCitation id="183A4B1F6247FFAC6043DDC7289F7BA6" author="Wilson, T. H." box="[827,991,1666,1693]" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" pagination="1 - 354" refId="ref8029" refString="Wilson, T. H. (1975) A monograph of the subfamily Panchaetothripinae (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 23, 1 - 354." type="journal article" year="1975">Wilson (1975)</bibRefCitation>
described the fore wing of 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6247FFAC665CDDC72EDC7BA7" authorityName="Hood" authorityYear="1954" box="[1316,1436,1666,1692]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cephalicus">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6247FFAC665CDDC72EDC7BA7" box="[1316,1436,1666,1692]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">cephalicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as “entirely brown except for a subbasal pale patch”, whereas our 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6247FFAC60FEDDE328BE7BFB" authorityName="Hood" authorityYear="1954" box="[902,1022,1702,1728]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cephalicus">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6247FFAC60FEDDE328BE7BFB" box="[902,1022,1702,1728]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">cephalicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens are consistent with “dark brown at fork and fading apicad” as described by 
<bibRefCitation id="183A4B1F6247FFAC61C4DD8F280A7BDE" author="Kudo, I." box="[700,842,1738,1765]" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" pagination="271 - 289" refId="ref7517" refString="Kudo, I. (1992) Panchaetothripinae in Japan (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) 2. Panchaetothripini, the genus Helionothrips. Japanese Journal of Entomology, 60, 271 - 289. [http: // ci. nii. ac. jp / els / contentscinii _ 20170826214438. pdf? id = ART 0006278387]" type="journal article" year="1992">Kudô (1992)</bibRefCitation>
(
<figureCitation id="E4902A6B6247FFAC6021DD8F28DC7BDF" box="[857,924,1738,1764]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–9" captionStartId="2.[152,270,1579,1603]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,597,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-229@2.[151,1435,597,1556]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–9. Fore wing of Helionothrips species, female. (1) H. shennongjiaensis; (2) H. brunneipennis; (3) H. annosus; (4) H. aino; (5) H. phragmitesi sp. n.; (6) H. cephalicus; (7) H. rugatus; (8) H. pallidus sp. n.; (9) H. parvus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154426/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). Similarly, Mirab-balou 
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6247FFAC67CEDD8E2FAD7BDF" box="[1206,1261,1738,1764]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">et al.</emphasis>
(2017) indicate that the fore wing colour of 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6247FFAC62B6DDAA29647A33" authorityName="Mirab-balou &amp; Tong" authorityYear="2016" box="[462,548,1775,1800]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugatus">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6247FFAC62B6DDAA29647A33" box="[462,548,1775,1800]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">rugatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the same as in 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6247FFAC619FDDAB28E87A33" box="[743,936,1774,1800]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shennongjiaensis">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6247FFAC619FDDAB28E87A33" box="[743,936,1774,1800]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">shennongjiaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(brown on apical half), but our specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6247FFAC63EFDC562BAD7A17" authorityName="Mirab-balou &amp; Tong" authorityYear="2016" box="[151,237,1811,1836]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugatus">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6247FFAC63EFDC562BAD7A17" box="[151,237,1811,1836]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">rugatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have a well-defined subapical pale band (
<figureCitation id="E4902A6B6247FFAC61BCDC5728487A16" box="[708,776,1810,1837]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–9" captionStartId="2.[152,270,1579,1603]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,597,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-229@2.[151,1435,597,1556]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–9. Fore wing of Helionothrips species, female. (1) H. shennongjiaensis; (2) H. brunneipennis; (3) H. annosus; (4) H. aino; (5) H. phragmitesi sp. n.; (6) H. cephalicus; (7) H. rugatus; (8) H. pallidus sp. n.; (9) H. parvus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154426/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C1436EE6247FFAF63BFDC7228FB7F06" blockId="1.[151,1437,1414,2017]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,573]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="394" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6247FFAC63BFDC722AD87A6A" bold="true" box="[199,408,1847,1873]" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">Thorax sculpture</emphasis>
. Including one of the new species described below, only four 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6247FFAC671BDC732E187A6B" box="[1123,1368,1846,1872]" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6247FFAC671BDC732FBF7A6B" box="[1123,1279,1846,1872]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">Helionothrips</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
share the character of “pronotum entirely covered with reticles having numerous wrinkles”. These four are 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6247FFAC665CDC1F2EDC7A4F" authorityName="Hood" authorityYear="1954" box="[1316,1436,1882,1908]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cephalicus">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6247FFAC665CDC1F2EDC7A4F" box="[1316,1436,1882,1908]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">cephalicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="E4902A6B6247FFAC63E7DC3B2BB07AA2" box="[159,240,1918,1945]" captionStart="FIGURES 20–24" captionStartId="4.[152,270,1581,1605]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,179,1555]" captionTargetId="figure-20@4.[151,1435,179,1555]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 20–24. Pronotum of Helionothrips species, female. (20) H. pallidus sp. n.; (21) H. cephalicus; (22) H. phragmitesi sp. n.; (23) H. shennongjiaensis; (24) H. parvus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154432" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154432/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
), 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6247FFAC627EDC3B2AE87AA3" authorityName="Kudo" authorityYear="1995" box="[262,424,1918,1944]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longisensibilis">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6247FFAC627EDC3B2AE87AA3" box="[262,424,1918,1944]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">longisensibilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6247FFAC62CEDC3B29507AA3" authority="Xie &amp; Li &amp; Zhang, 2022" authorityName="Xie &amp; Li &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2022" box="[438,528,1918,1944]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6247FFAC62CEDC3B29507AA3" box="[438,528,1918,1944]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">pallidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6247FFAC616FDC3A29167AA2" bold="true" box="[535,598,1919,1945]" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="55EC57876247FFAC616FDC3A29167AA2" box="[535,598,1919,1945]" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="E4902A6B6247FFAC611CDC3B29F57AA2" box="[612,693,1918,1945]" captionStart="FIGURES 20–24" captionStartId="4.[152,270,1581,1605]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,179,1555]" captionTargetId="figure-20@4.[151,1435,179,1555]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 20–24. Pronotum of Helionothrips species, female. (20) H. pallidus sp. n.; (21) H. cephalicus; (22) H. phragmitesi sp. n.; (23) H. shennongjiaensis; (24) H. parvus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154432" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154432/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6247FFAC618BDC3A28097AA3" authorityName="Mirab-balou &amp; Tong" authorityYear="2016" box="[755,841,1919,1944]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugatus">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6247FFAC618BDC3A28097AA3" box="[755,841,1919,1944]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">rugatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In contrast, more than 50% of 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6247FFAC67D1DC3B2EDC7AA3" box="[1193,1436,1918,1944]" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6247FFAC67D1DC3B2E057AA3" box="[1193,1349,1918,1944]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">Helionothrips</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
have all the pronotal reticles without internal wrinkles (e.g. 
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6247FFAC603EDCE62FE27A87" box="[838,1186,1954,1980]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6247FFAC603EDCE6283A7A87" baseAuthorityName="Ishida" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[838,890,1955,1980]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aino">aino</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6247FFAC60F0DCE628947A87" baseAuthorityName="Williams" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[904,980,1955,1980]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="errans">errans</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6247FFAC6099DCE72FE27A87" box="[993,1186,1954,1980]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shennongjiaensis">shennongjiaensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
) (
<figureCitation id="E4902A6B6247FFAC67C4DCE72E027A86" box="[1212,1346,1954,1981]" captionStart="FIGURES 20–24" captionStartId="4.[152,270,1581,1605]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,179,1555]" captionTargetId="figure-20@4.[151,1435,179,1555]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 20–24. Pronotum of Helionothrips species, female. (20) H. pallidus sp. n.; (21) H. cephalicus; (22) H. phragmitesi sp. n.; (23) H. shennongjiaensis; (24) H. parvus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154432" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154432/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">Figs 23, 24</figureCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="183A4B1F6247FFAC6620DCE72BA27ADB" author="Bhatti, J. S." pageId="1" pageNumber="393" pagination="35 - 39" refId="ref7309" refString="Bhatti, J. S. (1968) The genus Helionothrips Bagnall in India (Thysanoptera). Oriental Insects, 2 (1), 35 - 39. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.1968.10433869" type="journal article" year="1968">Bhatti (1968)</bibRefCitation>
described the body sculpture of 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6247FFAC612CDC8229E07ADB" authorityName="Bhatti" authorityYear="1968" box="[596,672,1991,2016]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvus">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6247FFAC612CDC8229E07ADB" box="[596,672,1991,2016]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">parvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as “resembling that of 
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6247FFAC60D1DC822F427ADA" box="[937,1026,1991,2017]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="393">
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6247FFAC60D1DC8228B77ADA" baseAuthorityName="Williams" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[937,1015,1991,2017]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="errans">errans</taxonomicName>
”
</emphasis>
, thus implying that the pronotum of 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6244FFAF63EFDBD22BA37D8B" authorityName="Bhatti" authorityYear="1968" box="[151,227,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvus">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6244FFAF63EFDBD22BA37D8B" box="[151,227,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">parvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also lacks wrinkles in the reticles. However, 
<bibRefCitation id="183A4B1F6244FFAF6189DBD228C37D8A" author="Kudo, I." box="[753,899,151,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" pagination="271 - 289" refId="ref7517" refString="Kudo, I. (1992) Panchaetothripinae in Japan (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) 2. Panchaetothripini, the genus Helionothrips. Japanese Journal of Entomology, 60, 271 - 289. [http: // ci. nii. ac. jp / els / contentscinii _ 20170826214438. pdf? id = ART 0006278387]" type="journal article" year="1992">Kudô (1992)</bibRefCitation>
suggested that 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6244FFAF674FDBD22FEF7D8A" authorityName="Hood" authorityYear="1954" box="[1079,1199,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cephalicus">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6244FFAF674FDBD22FEF7D8A" box="[1079,1199,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">cephalicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is related to 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6244FFAF6631DBD22ED57D8B" authorityName="Bhatti" authorityYear="1968" box="[1353,1429,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvus">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6244FFAF6631DBD22ED57D8B" box="[1353,1429,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">parvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but he mentioned only that these two species share a long and uniformly black head. He did not refer to body sculpture. Amongst our samples we have specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6244FFAF6064DB9A28287DC3" authorityName="Bhatti" authorityYear="1968" box="[796,872,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvus">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6244FFAF6064DB9A28287DC3" box="[796,872,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">parvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with head and thoracic reticles lacking wrinkles (
<figureCitation id="E4902A6B6244FFAF63E7DA462BB77C26" box="[159,247,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 20–24" captionStartId="4.[152,270,1581,1605]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,179,1555]" captionTargetId="figure-20@4.[151,1435,179,1555]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 20–24. Pronotum of Helionothrips species, female. (20) H. pallidus sp. n.; (21) H. cephalicus; (22) H. phragmitesi sp. n.; (23) H. shennongjiaensis; (24) H. parvus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154432" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154432/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">Figs 24</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E4902A6B6244FFAF627BDA462A637C26" box="[259,291,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–30" captionStartId="5.[152,270,1425,1449]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,237,1401]" captionTargetId="figure-60@5.[151,1435,237,1401]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 25–30. Helionothrips species. Meso- and metanotum, female (25–27): (25) H. shennongjiaensis; (26) H. rugatus; (27) H. parvus. Male sternal pore plates of segments VI-VIII of Helionothrips aino (28-30): (28) Large pore plates on VI–VIII; (29) Vestigial pore plate on VI; (30) Pore plate absent on VI." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154436" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154436/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">27</figureCitation>
). Therefore, the key provided by Mirab-balou 
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6244FFAF6049DA46282A7C26" box="[817,874,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">et al.</emphasis>
(2017) seems incorrect in indicating the presence in 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6244FFAF63CDDA622A417C7B" authorityName="Bhatti" authorityYear="1968" box="[181,257,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvus">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6244FFAF63CDDA622A417C7B" box="[181,257,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">parvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of pronotal reticles with wrinkles. An intermediate condition, with only the reticles on the posterior half of the pronotum having internal wrinkles, occurs in 
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6244FFAF6199DA0E28A77C5E" box="[737,999,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6244FFAF6199DA0E28157C5F" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="1993" box="[737,853,331,356]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Phragmites" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="communis">communis</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6244FFAF6019DA0E28A77C5E" authority="Xie &amp; Li &amp; Zhang, 2022" authorityName="Xie &amp; Li &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2022" box="[865,999,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phragmitesi" status="sp. nov.">phragmitesi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="55EC57876244FFAF6096DA0E2F667C5E" box="[1006,1062,331,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" rank="species">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6244FFAF6096DA0E2F5F7C5E" bold="true" box="[1006,1055,331,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">sp.n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="E4902A6B6244FFAF674DDA0E2FC97C5E" box="[1077,1161,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 20–24" captionStartId="4.[152,270,1581,1605]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,179,1555]" captionTargetId="figure-20@4.[151,1435,179,1555]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 20–24. Pronotum of Helionothrips species, female. (20) H. pallidus sp. n.; (21) H. cephalicus; (22) H. phragmitesi sp. n.; (23) H. shennongjiaensis; (24) H. parvus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154432" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154432/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
), 
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6244FFAF67E6DA0E2E4A7C5E" box="[1182,1290,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6244FFAF67E6DA0E2E467C5E" authorityName="Kudo" authorityYear="1992" box="[1182,1286,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ponkikiri">ponkikiri</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6244FFAF6639DA0E2ED57C5F" authorityName="Chen" authorityYear="1981" box="[1345,1429,331,356]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unitatis">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6244FFAF6639DA0E2ED57C5F" box="[1345,1429,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">unitatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Mirab-balou 
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6244FFAF6254DA2A2A267CB2" box="[300,358,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">et al.</emphasis>
(2017) suggested that the head and pronotum of 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6244FFAF60E6DA2A28B27CB3" authorityName="Chen" authorityYear="1981" box="[926,1010,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unitatis">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6244FFAF60E6DA2A28B27CB3" box="[926,1010,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">unitatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lack wrinkles in the reticles, but this is contrary to the descriptions in 
<bibRefCitation id="183A4B1F6244FFAF6172DAD629DF7C96" author="Wang, C. L." box="[522,671,403,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" pagination="389 - 398" refId="ref7829" refString="Wang, C. L. (1993) The Helionothrips species of Taiwan (Thysanoptera, Thripidae, Panchaetothripinae). Zoology (Journal of Pure and Applied Zoology), 4, 389 - 398." type="journal article" year="1993">Wang (1993)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="183A4B1F6244FFAF61D4DAD628377C96" author="Feng, J. N. &amp; Yang, X. N. &amp; Zhang, G. L." box="[684,887,403,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" pagination="451 - 454" refId="ref7414" refString="Feng, J. N., Yang, X. N. &amp; Zhang, G. L. (2007) Taxonomic study of the genus Helionothrips from China (Thysanoptera, Thripidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 32, 451 - 454." type="journal article" year="2007">
Feng 
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6244FFAF6194DAD628657C96" box="[748,805,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">et al.</emphasis>
(2007)
</bibRefCitation>
and the website of 
<collectingCountry id="04BC767E6244FFAF672DDAD62FE77C96" box="[1109,1191,403,429]" name="Taiwan" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
Encyclopedia of Life (http://taieol.tw/pages/109391). It seems that 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6244FFAF61EADAF229A67CEB" authorityName="Chen" authorityYear="1981" box="[658,742,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unitatis">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6244FFAF61EADAF229A67CEB" box="[658,742,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">unitatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has wrinkles not only on the pronotum posterior half, but also on the mesoscutum and metanotal triangle. A further problem is that 
<bibRefCitation id="183A4B1F6244FFAF60DDDA9E2F317CCE" author="Feng, J. N. &amp; Yang, X. N. &amp; Zhang, G. L." box="[933,1137,475,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" pagination="451 - 454" refId="ref7414" refString="Feng, J. N., Yang, X. N. &amp; Zhang, G. L. (2007) Taxonomic study of the genus Helionothrips from China (Thysanoptera, Thripidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 32, 451 - 454." type="journal article" year="2007">
Feng 
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6244FFAF609DDA9E2F5E7CCE" box="[997,1054,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">et al.</emphasis>
(2007)
</bibRefCitation>
provided line drawings of 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6244FFAF63EFDABA2A187F22" box="[151,344,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shennongjiaensis">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6244FFAF63EFDABA2A187F22" box="[151,344,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">shennongjiaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
without wrinkles in the thoracic reticles, but with more specimens now available the mesoscutum reticles of this species always have internal wrinkles medially (
<figureCitation id="E4902A6B6244FFAF6023D96628EF7F06" box="[859,943,546,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–30" captionStartId="5.[152,270,1425,1449]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,237,1401]" captionTargetId="figure-60@5.[151,1435,237,1401]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 25–30. Helionothrips species. Meso- and metanotum, female (25–27): (25) H. shennongjiaensis; (26) H. rugatus; (27) H. parvus. Male sternal pore plates of segments VI-VIII of Helionothrips aino (28-30): (28) Large pore plates on VI–VIII; (29) Vestigial pore plate on VI; (30) Pore plate absent on VI." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154436" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154436/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="28D466666244FFAF63E0DD6E2F827B5C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154426" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7154426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154426/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" startId="2.[152,270,1579,1603]" targetBox="[151,1435,597,1556]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="7C1436EE6244FFAF63E0DD6E2F827B5C" blockId="2.[151,1436,1579,1639]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6244FFAF63E0DD6E2A007B78" bold="true" box="[152,320,1579,1603]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">FIGURES 1–9.</emphasis>
Fore wing of 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6244FFAF62B3DD6E29E97B78" box="[459,681,1579,1603]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6244FFAF62B3DD6E29187B78" box="[459,600,1579,1603]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">Helionothrips</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
, female. 
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6244FFAF607ADD6E28607B78" bold="true" box="[770,800,1579,1603]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">(1)</emphasis>
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6244FFAF605DDD6928BA7B78" box="[805,1018,1579,1603]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6244FFAF605DDD6928B47B78" box="[805,1012,1579,1603]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shennongjiaensis">H. shennongjiaensis</taxonomicName>
;
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6244FFAF6087DD6E2F5D7B78" bold="true" box="[1023,1053,1579,1603]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">(2)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6244FFAF675ADD692F917B78" baseAuthorityName="Bagnall" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[1058,1233,1579,1603]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Heliothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneipennis">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6244FFAF675ADD692F917B78" box="[1058,1233,1579,1603]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">H. brunneipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6244FFAF67A5DD6E2FBB7B78" bold="true" box="[1245,1275,1579,1603]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">(3)</emphasis>
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6244FFAF6678DD692E397B78" box="[1280,1401,1580,1603]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6244FFAF6678DD692E337B78" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="1993" box="[1280,1395,1580,1603]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annosus">H. annosus</taxonomicName>
;
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6244FFAF6607DD6E2EDC7B78" bold="true" box="[1407,1436,1579,1603]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">(4)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6244FFAF63EFDD152BA37B5C" baseAuthorityName="Ishida" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[151,227,1616,1639]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aino">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6244FFAF63EFDD152BA37B5C" box="[151,227,1616,1639]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">H. aino</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6244FFAF6389DD0A2A4E7B5C" bold="true" box="[241,270,1615,1639]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">(5)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6244FFAF626CDD152AEC7B5C" authority="Xie &amp; Li &amp; Zhang, 2022" authorityName="Xie &amp; Li &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2022" box="[276,428,1615,1639]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phragmitesi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6244FFAF626CDD152AEC7B5C" box="[276,428,1615,1639]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">H. phragmitesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="55EC57876244FFAF62CBDD0A2AAB7B5C" box="[435,491,1615,1639]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" rank="species">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6244FFAF62CBDD0A2AA57B5C" bold="true" box="[435,485,1615,1639]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">sp. n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
; 
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6244FFAF6281DD0A29577B5C" bold="true" box="[505,535,1615,1639]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">(6)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6244FFAF6165DD1529E87B5C" authorityName="Hood" authorityYear="1954" box="[541,680,1615,1639]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cephalicus">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6244FFAF6165DD1529E87B5C" box="[541,680,1615,1639]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">H. cephalicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6244FFAF61CEDD0A29937B5C" bold="true" box="[694,723,1615,1639]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">(7)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6244FFAF61A2DD1528067B5C" authorityName="Mirab-balou &amp; Tong" authorityYear="2016" box="[730,838,1616,1639]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugatus">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6244FFAF61A2DD1528067B5C" box="[730,838,1616,1639]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">H. rugatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6244FFAF602BDD0A28317B5C" bold="true" box="[851,881,1615,1639]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">(8)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6244FFAF600FDD1528A87B5C" authority="Xie &amp; Li &amp; Zhang, 2022" authorityName="Xie &amp; Li &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2022" box="[887,1000,1615,1639]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6244FFAF600FDD1528A87B5C" box="[887,1000,1615,1639]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">H. pallidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6244FFAF6096DD0A2F677B5C" bold="true" box="[1006,1063,1615,1639]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="55EC57876244FFAF6096DD0A2F677B5C" box="[1006,1063,1615,1639]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
; 
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6244FFAF674DDD0A2F127B5C" bold="true" box="[1077,1106,1615,1639]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">(9)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6244FFAF6720DD152FFC7B5C" authorityName="Bhatti" authorityYear="1968" box="[1112,1212,1616,1639]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvus">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6244FFAF6720DD152FFC7B5C" box="[1112,1212,1616,1639]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">H. parvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="7C1436EE6244FFAE63BFDDEE2A9A7C5F" blockId="2.[151,1436,1707,2020]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,151,356]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="395" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6244FFAF63BFDDEE290B7BFD" bold="true" box="[199,587,1707,1734]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">Antennal segment IV sense cone.</emphasis>
The forked sense cone on this segment is reported to vary in length between species. It is short in 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6244FFAF62F4DD8A29527BD2" authority="Xie &amp; Li &amp; Zhang, 2022" authorityName="Xie &amp; Li &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2022" box="[396,530,1743,1769]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phragmitesi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6244FFAF62F4DD8A29527BD2" box="[396,530,1743,1769]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">phragmitesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="55EC57876244FFAF6163DD95291C7BD1" box="[539,604,1744,1770]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" rank="species">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6244FFAF6163DD9529157BD1" bold="true" box="[539,597,1744,1770]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">sp. n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
described below, not extending to the mid-point of segment V (
<figureCitation id="E4902A6B6244FFAF6642DD8A2ECF7BD1" box="[1338,1423,1743,1770]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–19" captionStartId="3.[152,270,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[165,1423,380,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-137@3.[164,1423,380,1909]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 10–19.Antennae of Helionothrips species, female. (10) H. phragmitesi sp. n.; (11) H. annosus; (12) H. rugatus; (13) H. pallidus sp. n.; (14) H. parvus; (15) H. cephalicus; (16) H. aino (segment IV sense cone extends only to the middle of VI); (17) H. aino (segment IV sense cone surpasses the apex of VII); (18) H. shennongjiaensis; (19) H. brunneipennis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154430" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154430/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
). In contrast, more than 80% of species in this genus have this forked sense cone generally extending to the apex of V or mid-point of VI (
<figureCitation id="E4902A6B6244FFAF62EBDC5229557A09" box="[403,533,1815,1842]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–19" captionStartId="3.[152,270,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[165,1423,380,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-137@3.[164,1423,380,1909]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 10–19.Antennae of Helionothrips species, female. (10) H. phragmitesi sp. n.; (11) H. annosus; (12) H. rugatus; (13) H. pallidus sp. n.; (14) H. parvus; (15) H. cephalicus; (16) H. aino (segment IV sense cone extends only to the middle of VI); (17) H. aino (segment IV sense cone surpasses the apex of VII); (18) H. shennongjiaensis; (19) H. brunneipennis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154430" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154430/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">Figs 11–15</figureCitation>
). Unusually, 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6244FFAF61D1DC5228097A0A" baseAuthorityName="Bagnall" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[681,841,1815,1841]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Heliothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneipennis">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6244FFAF61D1DC5228097A0A" box="[681,841,1815,1841]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">brunneipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has this sense cone extremely long and extending to the middle of VIII (
<figureCitation id="E4902A6B6244FFAF620EDC7E2A8A7A6E" box="[374,458,1851,1877]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–19" captionStartId="3.[152,270,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[165,1423,380,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-137@3.[164,1423,380,1909]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 10–19.Antennae of Helionothrips species, female. (10) H. phragmitesi sp. n.; (11) H. annosus; (12) H. rugatus; (13) H. pallidus sp. n.; (14) H. parvus; (15) H. cephalicus; (16) H. aino (segment IV sense cone extends only to the middle of VI); (17) H. aino (segment IV sense cone surpasses the apex of VII); (18) H. shennongjiaensis; (19) H. brunneipennis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154430" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154430/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
). This condition distinguishes 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6244FFAF605BDC7E28837A6E" baseAuthorityName="Bagnall" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[803,963,1851,1877]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Heliothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneipennis">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6244FFAF605BDC7E28837A6E" box="[803,963,1851,1877]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">brunneipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6244FFAF6771DC7E2F8A7A6E" box="[1033,1226,1851,1877]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shennongjiaensis">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6244FFAF6771DC7E2F8A7A6E" box="[1033,1226,1851,1877]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">shennongjiaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; this latter species has the sense cone on IV extending only to the mid-point of VI (
<figureCitation id="E4902A6B6244FFAF6004DC1B28917A42" box="[892,977,1886,1913]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–19" captionStartId="3.[152,270,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[165,1423,380,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-137@3.[164,1423,380,1909]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 10–19.Antennae of Helionothrips species, female. (10) H. phragmitesi sp. n.; (11) H. annosus; (12) H. rugatus; (13) H. pallidus sp. n.; (14) H. parvus; (15) H. cephalicus; (16) H. aino (segment IV sense cone extends only to the middle of VI); (17) H. aino (segment IV sense cone surpasses the apex of VII); (18) H. shennongjiaensis; (19) H. brunneipennis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154430" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154430/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="183A4B1F6244FFAF609FDC1B2FC97A42" author="Wilson, T. H." box="[999,1161,1886,1913]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" pagination="1 - 354" refId="ref8029" refString="Wilson, T. H. (1975) A monograph of the subfamily Panchaetothripinae (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 23, 1 - 354." type="journal article" year="1975">Wilson (1975)</bibRefCitation>
stated of 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6244FFAF6784DC1B2EDC7A43" baseAuthorityName="Bagnall" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[1276,1436,1886,1912]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Heliothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneipennis">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6244FFAF6784DC1B2EDC7A43" box="[1276,1436,1886,1912]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">brunneipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in his key to 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6244FFAF6254DCC729617AA7" box="[300,545,1922,1948]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6244FFAF6254DCC72A887AA7" box="[300,456,1922,1948]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">Helionothrips</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
“sense cone on antennal segment IV reaching apex of segment VI”, but in the main text describing this species he states “sense cone on segment IV reaching the middle of VIII”. This suggests that in 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6244FFAF639EDC8F2AC67ADF" baseAuthorityName="Bagnall" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[230,390,1994,2020]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Heliothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneipennis">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6244FFAF639EDC8F2AC67ADF" box="[230,390,1994,2020]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">brunneipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
there may be variation in the length of the sense cone on antennal IV, or that there may have been a failure to note that the inner arm of this sense cone can be shorter than its outer arm. Examination of many specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6245FFAE6248DBFF2AB17DEF" box="[304,497,186,212]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="395" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shennongjiaensis">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6245FFAE6248DBFF2AB17DEF" box="[304,497,186,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">shennongjiaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
indicate that this character is not stable, and relationships between these two species require further study. Similarly, 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6245FFAE6285DB9B297A7DC3" authorityName="Kudo" authorityYear="1992" box="[509,570,222,248]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="395" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mube">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6245FFAE6285DB9B297A7DC3" box="[509,570,222,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">mube</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6245FFAE60FADB9A28F47DC3" baseAuthorityName="Ishida" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[898,948,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="395" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aino">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6245FFAE60FADB9A28F47DC3" box="[898,948,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">aino</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because the sense cone on IV surpasses the apex of VI (
<bibRefCitation id="183A4B1F6245FFAE6262DA472ADF7C27" author="Kudo, I." box="[282,415,258,284]" pageId="3" pageNumber="395" pagination="271 - 289" refId="ref7517" refString="Kudo, I. (1992) Panchaetothripinae in Japan (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) 2. Panchaetothripini, the genus Helionothrips. Japanese Journal of Entomology, 60, 271 - 289. [http: // ci. nii. ac. jp / els / contentscinii _ 20170826214438. pdf? id = ART 0006278387]" type="journal article" year="1992">Kudô, 1992</bibRefCitation>
) (
<figureCitation id="E4902A6B6245FFAE62CEDA4729477C27" box="[438,519,258,284]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–19" captionStartId="3.[152,270,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[165,1423,380,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-137@3.[164,1423,380,1909]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 10–19.Antennae of Helionothrips species, female. (10) H. phragmitesi sp. n.; (11) H. annosus; (12) H. rugatus; (13) H. pallidus sp. n.; (14) H. parvus; (15) H. cephalicus; (16) H. aino (segment IV sense cone extends only to the middle of VI); (17) H. aino (segment IV sense cone surpasses the apex of VII); (18) H. shennongjiaensis; (19) H. brunneipennis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154430" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154430/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
), whereas in 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6245FFAE61E1DA46298B7C27" baseAuthorityName="Ishida" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[665,715,259,284]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="395" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aino">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6245FFAE61E1DA46298B7C27" box="[665,715,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">aino</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
it extends only to the middle of VI (
<bibRefCitation id="183A4B1F6245FFAE6720DA472FAF7C26" author="Wilson, T. H." box="[1112,1263,258,285]" pageId="3" pageNumber="395" pagination="1 - 354" refId="ref8029" refString="Wilson, T. H. (1975) A monograph of the subfamily Panchaetothripinae (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 23, 1 - 354." type="journal article" year="1975">Wilson, 1975</bibRefCitation>
) (
<figureCitation id="E4902A6B6245FFAE667DDA472E187C27" box="[1285,1368,258,284]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–19" captionStartId="3.[152,270,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[165,1423,380,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-137@3.[164,1423,380,1909]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 10–19.Antennae of Helionothrips species, female. (10) H. phragmitesi sp. n.; (11) H. annosus; (12) H. rugatus; (13) H. pallidus sp. n.; (14) H. parvus; (15) H. cephalicus; (16) H. aino (segment IV sense cone extends only to the middle of VI); (17) H. aino (segment IV sense cone surpasses the apex of VII); (18) H. shennongjiaensis; (19) H. brunneipennis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154430" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154430/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
). This sense cone is more variable than these two authors considered, and 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6245FFAE60F1DA6028867C04" authorityName="Kudo" authorityYear="1992" box="[905,966,293,319]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="395" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mube">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6245FFAE60F1DA6028867C04" box="[905,966,293,319]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">mube</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has recently been placed as a synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6245FFAE63EFDA0F2B897C58" baseAuthorityName="Ishida" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[151,201,330,355]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="395" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aino">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6245FFAE63EFDA0F2B897C58" box="[151,201,330,355]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">aino</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Wang 
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6245FFAE6259DA0F2A127C58" box="[289,338,329,355]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">et al</emphasis>
. [in press]).
</paragraph>
<caption id="28D466666245FFAE63E0DCC82E587AD6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154430" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7154430" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154430/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="395" startId="3.[152,270,1933,1957]" targetBox="[165,1423,380,1909]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="7C1436EE6245FFAE63E0DCC82E587AD6" blockId="3.[151,1436,1933,2029]" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6245FFAE63E0DCC82A197A9E" bold="true" box="[152,345,1933,1957]" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">FIGURES 10–19.</emphasis>
Antennae of 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6245FFAE62A4DCC829FA7A9E" box="[476,698,1933,1957]" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6245FFAE62A4DCC829297A9E" box="[476,617,1933,1957]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">Helionothrips</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
, female. 
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6245FFAE606ADCC8287D7A9E" bold="true" box="[786,829,1933,1957]" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">(10)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6245FFAE6039DCCB28987A9E" authority="Xie &amp; Li &amp; Zhang, 2022" authorityName="Xie &amp; Li &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2022" box="[833,984,1933,1957]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="395" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phragmitesi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6245FFAE6039DCCB28987A9E" box="[833,984,1933,1957]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">H. phragmitesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6245FFAE60A5DCC82F547A9E" bold="true" box="[989,1044,1933,1957]" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="55EC57876245FFAE60A5DCC82F547A9E" box="[989,1044,1933,1957]" pageId="3" pageNumber="395" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
; 
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6245FFAE6758DCC82F0A7A9E" bold="true" box="[1056,1098,1933,1957]" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">(11)</emphasis>
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6245FFAE6736DCCB2F877A9E" box="[1102,1223,1934,1957]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6245FFAE6736DCCB2F817A9E" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="1993" box="[1102,1217,1934,1957]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="395" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annosus">H. annosus</taxonomicName>
;
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6245FFAE67B4DCC82FB77A9E" bold="true" box="[1228,1271,1933,1957]" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">(12)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6245FFAE6783DCCB2E267A9E" authorityName="Mirab-balou &amp; Tong" authorityYear="2016" box="[1275,1382,1934,1957]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="395" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugatus">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6245FFAE6783DCCB2E267A9E" box="[1275,1382,1934,1957]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">H. rugatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6245FFAE660ADCC82EDC7A9E" bold="true" box="[1394,1436,1933,1957]" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">(13)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6245FFAE63EFDCF72A487AF2" authority="Xie &amp; Li &amp; Zhang, 2022" authorityName="Xie &amp; Li &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,264,1969,1993]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="395" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6245FFAE63EFDCF72A487AF2" box="[151,264,1969,1993]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">H. pallidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6245FFAE6276DCF42A087AF2" bold="true" box="[270,328,1969,1993]" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="55EC57876245FFAE6276DCF42A087AF2" box="[270,328,1969,1993]" pageId="3" pageNumber="395" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
; 
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6245FFAE622DDCF42AC07AF2" bold="true" box="[341,384,1969,1993]" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">(14)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6245FFAE62FEDCF72AAA7AF2" authorityName="Bhatti" authorityYear="1968" box="[390,490,1970,1993]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="395" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvus">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6245FFAE62FEDCF72AAA7AF2" box="[390,490,1970,1993]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">H. parvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6245FFAE6280DCF429627AF2" bold="true" box="[504,546,1969,1993]" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">(15)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6245FFAE6150DCF729F37AF2" authorityName="Hood" authorityYear="1954" box="[552,691,1969,1993]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="395" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cephalicus">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6245FFAE6150DCF729F37AF2" box="[552,691,1969,1993]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">H. cephalicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6245FFAE61B9DCF429AC7AF2" bold="true" box="[705,748,1969,1993]" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">(16)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6245FFAE618ADCF7287E7AF2" baseAuthorityName="Ishida" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[754,830,1970,1993]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="395" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aino">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6245FFAE618ADCF7287E7AF2" box="[754,830,1970,1993]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">H. aino</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(segment IV sense cone extends only to the middle of VI); 
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6245FFAE63EFDC902B827AD6" bold="true" box="[151,194,2005,2029]" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">(17)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6245FFAE63B0DC932A547AD6" baseAuthorityName="Ishida" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[200,276,2006,2029]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="395" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aino">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6245FFAE63B0DC932A547AD6" box="[200,276,2006,2029]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">H. aino</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(segment IV sense cone surpasses the apex of VII); 
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6245FFAE605FDC9028117AD6" bold="true" box="[807,849,2005,2029]" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">(18)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6245FFAE602FDC932F657AD6" box="[855,1061,2005,2029]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="395" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shennongjiaensis">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6245FFAE602FDC932F657AD6" box="[855,1061,2005,2029]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">H. shennongjiaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6245FFAE674ADC902F1D7AD6" bold="true" box="[1074,1117,2005,2029]" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">(19)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6245FFAE671BDC932E537AD6" baseAuthorityName="Bagnall" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[1123,1299,2005,2029]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Heliothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="395" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneipennis">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6245FFAE671BDC932E537AD6" box="[1123,1299,2005,2029]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">H. brunneipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="28D466666242FFA963E0DD6829C57B52" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154432" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7154432" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154432/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" startId="4.[152,270,1581,1605]" targetBox="[151,1435,179,1555]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="7C1436EE6242FFA963E0DD6829C57B52" blockId="4.[151,1436,1581,1641]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6242FFA963E0DD682A1A7B7E" bold="true" box="[152,346,1581,1605]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">FIGURES 20–24.</emphasis>
Pronotum of 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6242FFA9629DDD6829847B7E" box="[485,708,1581,1605]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6242FFA9629DDD6829327B7E" box="[485,626,1581,1605]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Helionothrips</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
, female. 
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6242FFA96067DD6828097B7E" bold="true" box="[799,841,1581,1605]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">(20)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6242FFA96037DD6B28807B7E" authority="Xie &amp; Li &amp; Zhang, 2022" authorityName="Xie &amp; Li &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2022" box="[847,960,1581,1605]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6242FFA96037DD6B28807B7E" box="[847,960,1581,1605]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">H. pallidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="55EC57876242FFA960BEDD6828BE7B7E" box="[966,1022,1581,1605]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" rank="species">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6242FFA960BEDD6828B87B7E" bold="true" box="[966,1016,1581,1605]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">sp. n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
; 
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6242FFA96774DD682F767B7E" bold="true" box="[1036,1078,1581,1605]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">(21)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6242FFA96744DD6B2F877B7E" authorityName="Hood" authorityYear="1954" box="[1084,1223,1581,1605]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cephalicus">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6242FFA96744DD6B2F877B7E" box="[1084,1223,1581,1605]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">H. cephalicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6242FFA967ACDD682FBE7B7E" bold="true" box="[1236,1278,1581,1605]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">(22)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6242FFA9667CDD6B2EDC7B7E" authority="Xie &amp; Li &amp; Zhang, 2022" authorityName="Xie &amp; Li &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2022" box="[1284,1436,1581,1605]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phragmitesi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6242FFA9667CDD6B2EDC7B7E" box="[1284,1436,1581,1605]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">H. phragmitesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="55EC57876242FFA963EFDD142B907B52" box="[151,208,1617,1641]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" rank="species">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6242FFA963EFDD142B8A7B52" bold="true" box="[151,202,1617,1641]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">sp. n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
; 
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6242FFA963A6DD142A477B52" bold="true" box="[222,263,1617,1641]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">(23)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6242FFA96276DD172A9C7B52" box="[270,476,1617,1641]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shennongjiaensis">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6242FFA96276DD172A9C7B52" box="[270,476,1617,1641]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">H. shennongjiaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6242FFA96291DD1429537B52" bold="true" box="[489,531,1617,1641]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">(24)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6242FFA96162DD1729C07B52" authorityName="Bhatti" authorityYear="1968" box="[538,640,1618,1641]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvus">H. parvus</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="7C1436EE6242FFA863BFDDFE28047DEE" blockId="4.[151,1437,1723,2038]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="397" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6242FFA963BFDDFE295B7BEE" bold="true" box="[199,539,1723,1749]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Sternal pore plates of males</emphasis>
. The number of pore plates varies between 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6242FFA96760DDFE2E557BED" box="[1048,1301,1723,1750]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6242FFA96760DDFE2E4E7BEE" box="[1048,1294,1723,1749]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Helionothrips species</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicName>
Among the 15 species recorded from 
<collectingCountry id="04BC767E6242FFA962C3DD9A29417BC2" box="[443,513,1759,1785]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">China</collectingCountry>
, males are unknown for 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6242FFA96060DD9A283D7BC2" authorityName="Kudo" authorityYear="1992" box="[792,893,1759,1785]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ponkikiri">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6242FFA96060DD9A283D7BC2" box="[792,893,1759,1785]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">ponkikiri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6242FFA960CDDD9A2F7B7BC2" authority="Xie &amp; Li &amp; Zhang, 2022" authorityName="Xie &amp; Li &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2022" box="[949,1083,1759,1785]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phragmitesi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6242FFA960CDDD9A2F7B7BC2" box="[949,1083,1759,1785]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">phragmitesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6242FFA9673ADD9A2FC27BC2" bold="true" box="[1090,1154,1759,1785]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="55EC57876242FFA9673ADD9A2FC27BC2" box="[1090,1154,1759,1785]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Pore plates are absent in four species, 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6242FFA96248DC412ACC7A26" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="1993" box="[304,396,1796,1821]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annosus">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6242FFA96248DC412ACC7A26" box="[304,396,1796,1821]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">annosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6242FFA962E4DC4629547A26" authorityName="Hood" authorityYear="1954" box="[412,532,1795,1821]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cephalicus">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6242FFA962E4DC4629547A26" box="[412,532,1795,1821]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">cephalicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6242FFA9615CDC4629E77A26" authorityName="Wang &amp; Tong" authorityYear="2017" box="[548,679,1795,1821]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lushanensis">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6242FFA9615CDC4629E77A26" box="[548,679,1795,1821]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">lushanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6242FFA9619ADC4128767A26" authorityName="Chen" authorityYear="1981" box="[738,822,1796,1821]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unitatis">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6242FFA9619ADC4128767A26" box="[738,822,1796,1821]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">unitatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Circular pore plates are present in the other species: on sternite VIII only in 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6242FFA962D1DC6229467A7A" authorityName="Kudo" authorityYear="1992" box="[425,518,1831,1857]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="linderae">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6242FFA962D1DC6229467A7A" box="[425,518,1831,1857]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">linderae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; on sternites VII–VIII in 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6242FFA96057DC62288F7A7A" baseAuthorityName="Bagnall" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[815,975,1831,1857]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Heliothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneipennis">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6242FFA96057DC62288F7A7A" box="[815,975,1831,1857]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">brunneipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6242FFA960A7DC6D2F117A7A" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="1993" box="[991,1105,1832,1857]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Phragmites" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="communis">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6242FFA960A7DC6D2F117A7A" box="[991,1105,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">communis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6242FFA96718DC6D2FE97A7A" baseAuthorityName="Williams" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[1120,1193,1832,1857]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="errans">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6242FFA96718DC6D2FE97A7A" box="[1120,1193,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">errans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6242FFA967C1DC6D2E457A7A" authorityName="Bhatti" authorityYear="1968" box="[1209,1285,1832,1857]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvus">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6242FFA967C1DC6D2E457A7A" box="[1209,1285,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">parvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6242FFA9666DDC6D2E2B7A7A" authorityName="Mirab-balou &amp; Tong" authorityYear="2016" box="[1301,1387,1832,1857]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugatus">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6242FFA9666DDC6D2E2B7A7A" box="[1301,1387,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">rugatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6242FFA963EFDC0E2A187A5E" box="[151,344,1867,1893]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shennongjiaensis">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6242FFA963EFDC0E2A187A5E" box="[151,344,1867,1893]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">shennongjiaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; on sternites VI–VIII in 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6242FFA96116DC0E29887A5E" authority="Xie &amp; Li &amp; Zhang, 2022" authorityName="Xie &amp; Li &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2022" box="[622,712,1867,1893]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6242FFA96116DC0E29887A5E" box="[622,712,1867,1893]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">pallidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6242FFA961B7DC0E284F7A5E" bold="true" box="[719,783,1867,1893]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="55EC57876242FFA961B7DC0E284F7A5E" box="[719,783,1867,1893]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
; and on V, VI or VII–VIII in 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6242FFA96722DC092FCC7A5E" baseAuthorityName="Ishida" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[1114,1164,1868,1893]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aino">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6242FFA96722DC092FCC7A5E" box="[1114,1164,1868,1893]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">aino</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Wang 
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6242FFA9679CDC092E557A5E" box="[1252,1301,1867,1893]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">et al</emphasis>
. [in press]). 
<bibRefCitation id="183A4B1F6242FFA963EFDC2A2A677AB2" author="Kudo, I." box="[151,295,1903,1929]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" pagination="271 - 289" refId="ref7517" refString="Kudo, I. (1992) Panchaetothripinae in Japan (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) 2. Panchaetothripini, the genus Helionothrips. Japanese Journal of Entomology, 60, 271 - 289. [http: // ci. nii. ac. jp / els / contentscinii _ 20170826214438. pdf? id = ART 0006278387]" type="journal article" year="1992">Kudô (1992)</bibRefCitation>
stated that the only distinct difference between 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6242FFA9603ADC3528347AB2" baseAuthorityName="Ishida" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[834,884,1904,1929]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aino">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6242FFA9603ADC3528347AB2" box="[834,884,1904,1929]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">aino</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6242FFA960D3DC2A28A87AB2" authorityName="Kudo" authorityYear="1992" box="[939,1000,1903,1929]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mube">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6242FFA960D3DC2A28A87AB2" box="[939,1000,1903,1929]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">mube</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was in the number of male pore plates - in 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6242FFA963BDDCD12BB77A96" baseAuthorityName="Ishida" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[197,247,1940,1965]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aino">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6242FFA963BDDCD12BB77A96" box="[197,247,1940,1965]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">aino</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on sternites VII–VIII (
<figureCitation id="E4902A6B6242FFA96282DCD6290E7A96" box="[506,590,1939,1965]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–30" captionStartId="5.[152,270,1425,1449]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,237,1401]" captionTargetId="figure-60@5.[151,1435,237,1401]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 25–30. Helionothrips species. Meso- and metanotum, female (25–27): (25) H. shennongjiaensis; (26) H. rugatus; (27) H. parvus. Male sternal pore plates of segments VI-VIII of Helionothrips aino (28-30): (28) Large pore plates on VI–VIII; (29) Vestigial pore plate on VI; (30) Pore plate absent on VI." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154436" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154436/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
), but in 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6242FFA961D3DCD629A87A96" authorityName="Kudo" authorityYear="1992" box="[683,744,1939,1965]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mube">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6242FFA961D3DCD629A87A96" box="[683,744,1939,1965]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">mube</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on VI–VIII (
<figureCitation id="E4902A6B6242FFA96006DCD628927A96" box="[894,978,1939,1965]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–30" captionStartId="5.[152,270,1425,1449]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,237,1401]" captionTargetId="figure-60@5.[151,1435,237,1401]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 25–30. Helionothrips species. Meso- and metanotum, female (25–27): (25) H. shennongjiaensis; (26) H. rugatus; (27) H. parvus. Male sternal pore plates of segments VI-VIII of Helionothrips aino (28-30): (28) Large pore plates on VI–VIII; (29) Vestigial pore plate on VI; (30) Pore plate absent on VI." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154436" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154436/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
). However, 
<bibRefCitation id="183A4B1F6242FFA96722DCD62FAA7A96" author="Kudo, I." box="[1114,1258,1939,1965]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" pagination="271 - 289" refId="ref7517" refString="Kudo, I. (1992) Panchaetothripinae in Japan (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) 2. Panchaetothripini, the genus Helionothrips. Japanese Journal of Entomology, 60, 271 - 289. [http: // ci. nii. ac. jp / els / contentscinii _ 20170826214438. pdf? id = ART 0006278387]" type="journal article" year="1992">Kudô (1992)</bibRefCitation>
also mentioned that pore plates of 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6242FFA96217DCF22AEC7AEA" authorityName="Kudo" authorityYear="1992" box="[367,428,1975,2001]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mube">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6242FFA96217DCF22AEC7AEA" box="[367,428,1975,2001]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">mube</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on VI might be vestigial. Of the 
<specimenCount id="6AADFD676242FFA96054DCF228C77AEA" box="[812,903,1975,2001]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" type="male">33 male</specimenCount>
specimens we previously identified as 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6242FFA96632DCFD2E3C7AEA" baseAuthorityName="Ishida" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[1354,1404,1976,2001]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aino">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6242FFA96632DCFD2E3C7AEA" box="[1354,1404,1976,2001]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">aino</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6242FFA963EFDC9E2B947ACE" authorityName="Kudo" authorityYear="1992" box="[151,212,2011,2037]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mube">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6242FFA963EFDC9E2B947ACE" box="[151,212,2011,2037]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">mube</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<specimenCount id="6AADFD676242FFA963A4DC9E2A357ACE" box="[220,373,2011,2037]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" type="generic">26 specimens</specimenCount>
have pore plates on VII–VIII, and 
<specimenCount id="6AADFD676242FFA9607DDC9928D07ACE" box="[773,912,2011,2038]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" type="generic">7 specimens</specimenCount>
on VI–VIII, including one with the pore plate on VI reduced to a very small dot (
<figureCitation id="E4902A6B6243FFA86161DBD2292D7D8A" box="[537,621,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–30" captionStartId="5.[152,270,1425,1449]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,237,1401]" captionTargetId="figure-60@5.[151,1435,237,1401]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 25–30. Helionothrips species. Meso- and metanotum, female (25–27): (25) H. shennongjiaensis; (26) H. rugatus; (27) H. parvus. Male sternal pore plates of segments VI-VIII of Helionothrips aino (28-30): (28) Large pore plates on VI–VIII; (29) Vestigial pore plate on VI; (30) Pore plate absent on VI." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154436" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154436/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
). This variation indicates that the number of male sternal pore plates may not be entirely reliable to discriminate 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6243FFA86131DBFE28047DEE" box="[585,836,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="397" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6243FFA86131DBFE29A57DEE" box="[585,741,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">Helionothrips</emphasis>
species.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="28D466666243FFA863E0DED429BD78CA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154436" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7154436" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154436/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="397" startId="5.[152,270,1425,1449]" targetBox="[151,1435,237,1401]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="7C1436EE6243FFA863E0DED429BD78CA" blockId="5.[151,1436,1425,1521]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6243FFA863E0DED42A1B7892" bold="true" box="[152,347,1425,1449]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">FIGURES 25–30.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6243FFA8621ADED429067892" box="[354,582,1425,1449]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="397" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6243FFA8621ADED42AAF7892" box="[354,495,1425,1449]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">Helionothrips</emphasis>
species.
</taxonomicName>
Meso- and metanotum, female (25–27): 
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6243FFA86091DED42F537892" bold="true" box="[1001,1043,1425,1449]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">(25)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6243FFA86763DED72FA97892" box="[1051,1257,1425,1449]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="397" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shennongjiaensis">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6243FFA86763DED72FA97892" box="[1051,1257,1425,1449]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">H. shennongjiaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6243FFA8678FDED42E617892" bold="true" box="[1271,1313,1425,1449]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">(26)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6243FFA86650DED72ED57892" authorityName="Mirab-balou &amp; Tong" authorityYear="2016" box="[1320,1429,1426,1449]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="397" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugatus">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6243FFA86650DED72ED57892" box="[1320,1429,1426,1449]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">H. rugatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6243FFA863EFDEF02B8178F6" bold="true" box="[151,193,1461,1485]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">(27)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6243FFA863BFDEF32A6B78F6" authorityName="Bhatti" authorityYear="1968" box="[199,299,1462,1485]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="397" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvus">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6243FFA863BFDEF32A6B78F6" box="[199,299,1462,1485]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">H. parvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Male sternal pore plates of segments VI-VIII of 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6243FFA86067DEF0289F78F6" baseAuthorityName="Ishida" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[799,991,1461,1485]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="397" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aino">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6243FFA86067DEF0289F78F6" box="[799,991,1461,1485]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">Helionothrips aino</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(28-30): 
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6243FFA86746DEF02F2878F6" bold="true" box="[1086,1128,1461,1485]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">(28)</emphasis>
Large pore plates on VI–VIII; 
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6243FFA863EFDE9C2B8178CA" bold="true" box="[151,193,1497,1521]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">(29)</emphasis>
Vestigial pore plate on VI; 
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6243FFA862A0DE9C294278CA" bold="true" box="[472,514,1497,1521]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">(30)</emphasis>
Pore plate absent on VI.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="34B165656243FFA863EFDD012A9D7BBA" pageId="5" pageNumber="397" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="7C1436EE6243FFA863EFDD0129CF7B66" blockId="5.[151,655,1603,1666]" box="[151,655,1603,1630]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6243FFA863EFDD0129CF7B66" bold="true" box="[151,655,1603,1630]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">
Key to 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6243FFA86389DD062AB67B66" box="[241,502,1603,1630]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6243FFA86389DD062AD97B65" bold="true" box="[241,409,1603,1630]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">Helionothrips</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="04BC767E6243FFA8613ADD0629CF7B66" box="[578,655,1603,1629]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">China</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C1436EE6243FFA863EFDD2D2A9D7BBA" blockId="5.[151,655,1603,1666]" box="[151,477,1639,1666]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">(* From original description)</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="34B165656243FFAB63EFDDE32EDD796C" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="398" pageId="5" pageNumber="397" type="key">
<keyStep id="C75F2E4B6243FFA863EFDDE32EDC7BE3" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">
<paragraph id="7C1436EE6243FFA863EFDDE32EDC7B80" blockId="5.[151,1437,1702,2017]" box="[151,1436,1702,1724]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">
<keyLead id="C75A95DB6243FFA863EFDDE32EDC7B80" box="[151,1436,1702,1724]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">1. Abdominal tergite VIII posterior margin with a complete comb................................................. 2</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C1436EE6243FFA863EFDD812EDC7BE3" blockId="5.[151,1437,1702,2017]" box="[151,1436,1731,1753]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">
<keyLead id="C75A95DB6243FFA863EFDD812EDC7BE3" box="[151,1436,1731,1753]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">-. Abdominal tergite VIII posterior margin with comb interrupted medially......................................... 4</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="C75F2E4B6243FFA863EFDDA42EDC7A0B" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">
<paragraph id="7C1436EE6243FFA863EFDDA42EDD7A28" blockId="5.[151,1437,1702,2017]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">
<keyLead id="C75A95DB6243FFA863EFDDA42EDD7A28" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">
2. Antecostal line on abdominal tergites III–VIII forming three contiguous scallops; [metascutal triangle with posterior margin extending over metascutellum; male without pore plate on abdominal sternites]............................... 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6243FFA86636DDBB2EDD7A28" ID-CoL="3KBH5" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="1993" box="[1358,1437,1790,1811]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="397" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annosus">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6243FFA86636DDBB2EDD7A28" box="[1358,1437,1790,1811]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">annosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C1436EE6243FFA863EFDC592EDC7A0B" blockId="5.[151,1437,1702,2017]" box="[151,1436,1819,1841]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">
<keyLead id="C75A95DB6243FFA863EFDC592EDC7A0B" box="[151,1436,1819,1841]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">
-. Antecostal line on abdominal tergites III–VIII connected by a fine line, not forming contiguous scallops (
<figureCitation id="E4902A6B6243FFA867ACDC5E2E5A7A0B" box="[1236,1306,1819,1841]" captionStart="FIGURES 31–42" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,181,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-30@9.[164,1423,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 31–42. Helionothrips species. H. pallidus sp. n. (31–37): (31) Female; (32) Male; (33) Meso- and metanotum, female; (34) Abdominal sternites V–VIII, male; (35) Head, female; (36) Abdominal tergites IX–X, male; (37) Abdominal tergites VIII–X, female. H. phragmitesi sp. n. (38–42): (38) Female; (39) Head, female; (40) Meso- and metanota, female; (41) Abdominal tergites I–III, female; (42) Abdominal tergites VIII–X, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154438" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154438/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
)......... 3
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="C75F2E4B6243FFA863EFDC7C2EDC7A9D" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">
<paragraph id="7C1436EE6243FFA863EFDC7C2EDC7A50" blockId="5.[151,1437,1702,2017]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">
<keyLead id="C75A95DB6243FFA863EFDC7C2EDC7A50" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">
3. Head yellow anterior to fore ocellus; antennal segments II and VI brown; male with pore plates on abdominal sternites VII and VIII........................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6243FFA8662ADC132ED17A50" ID-CoL="3KBHF" baseAuthorityName="Williams" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[1362,1425,1878,1899]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="397" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="errans">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6243FFA8662ADC132ED17A50" box="[1362,1425,1878,1899]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">errans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
*
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C1436EE6243FFA863EFDC312EDC7A9D" blockId="5.[151,1437,1702,2017]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">
<keyLead id="C75A95DB6243FFA863EFDC312EDC7A9D" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">
-. Head entirely dark brown; antennal segments II and VI yellowish brown; male lacking pore plate on abdominal sternites.............................................................................................. 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6243FFA86658DCD52ED07A9E" ID-CoL="3KBHN" authorityName="Wang &amp; Tong" authorityYear="2017" box="[1312,1424,1936,1957]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="397" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lushanensis">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6243FFA86658DCD52ED07A9E" box="[1312,1424,1936,1957]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">lushanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
*
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="C75F2E4B6243FFA863EFDCEB2EDC7ADA" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">
<paragraph id="7C1436EE6243FFA863EFDCEB2EDC7AFF" blockId="5.[151,1437,1702,2017]" box="[151,1436,1966,1988]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">
<keyLead id="C75A95DB6243FFA863EFDCEB2EDC7AFF" box="[151,1436,1966,1988]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">
4. Antennal segments I and II yellow (
<figureCitation id="E4902A6B6243FFA86142DCEB298A7AFF" box="[570,714,1966,1988]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–19" captionStartId="3.[152,270,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[165,1423,380,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-137@3.[164,1423,380,1909]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 10–19.Antennae of Helionothrips species, female. (10) H. phragmitesi sp. n.; (11) H. annosus; (12) H. rugatus; (13) H. pallidus sp. n.; (14) H. parvus; (15) H. cephalicus; (16) H. aino (segment IV sense cone extends only to the middle of VI); (17) H. aino (segment IV sense cone surpasses the apex of VII); (18) H. shennongjiaensis; (19) H. brunneipennis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154430" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154430/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">Figs 11, 16–17</figureCitation>
).......................................................... 5
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C1436EE6243FFA863EFDC892EDC7ADA" blockId="5.[151,1437,1702,2017]" box="[151,1436,1995,2017]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">
<keyLead id="C75A95DB6243FFA863EFDC892EDC7ADA" box="[151,1436,1995,2017]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">-. Antennal segments I and II yellowish brown to dark brown, never yellow......................................... 6</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="C75F2E4B6240FFAB63EFDBD22EDD7C3E" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
<paragraph id="7C1436EE6240FFAB63EFDBD22EDC7DF1" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
<keyLead id="C75A95DB6240FFAB63EFDBD22EDC7DF1" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
5. Head yellow anterior to fore ocellus and between antennal bases; mesoscutum with weak wrinkles in median reticles; male with pore plate only on abdominal sternite VIII........................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6240FFAB6638DBF02ED07DF1" ID-CoL="3KBHL" authorityName="Kudo" authorityYear="1992" box="[1344,1424,181,202]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="398" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="linderae">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6240FFAB6638DBF02ED07DF1" box="[1344,1424,181,202]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">linderae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
*
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C1436EE6240FFAB63EFDB962EDD7C3E" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
<keyLead id="C75A95DB6240FFAB63EFDB962EDD7C3E" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
-. Head completely dark brown; mesoscutum without wrinkles in reticles; male with pore plates on abdominal sternites VI/VII– VIII.............................................................................................. 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6240FFAB660ADBB52EDD7C3E" ID-CoL="3KBH3" baseAuthorityName="Ishida" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[1394,1437,240,261]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="398" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aino">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6240FFAB660ADBB52EDD7C3E" box="[1394,1437,240,261]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">aino</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="C75F2E4B6240FFAB63EFDA482EDC7C66" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
<paragraph id="7C1436EE6240FFAB63EFDA482EDC7C7B" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
<keyLead id="C75A95DB6240FFAB63EFDA482EDC7C7B" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
6. Pronotum without wrinkles in most reticles, at most with weak wrinkles in only a few reticles (
<figureCitation id="E4902A6B6240FFAB67FEDA482FB87C19" box="[1158,1272,269,291]" captionStart="FIGURES 20–24" captionStartId="4.[152,270,1581,1605]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,179,1555]" captionTargetId="figure-20@4.[151,1435,179,1555]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 20–24. Pronotum of Helionothrips species, female. (20) H. pallidus sp. n.; (21) H. cephalicus; (22) H. phragmitesi sp. n.; (23) H. shennongjiaensis; (24) H. parvus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154432" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154432/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">Figs 23–24</figureCitation>
); male with pore plates on abdominal sternites VII–VIII.................................................................... 7
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C1436EE6240FFAB63EFDA0D2EDC7C66" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1112]" box="[151,1436,327,349]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
<keyLead id="C75A95DB6240FFAB63EFDA0D2EDC7C66" box="[151,1436,327,349]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
-. Pronotum with internal wrinkles in reticles, at least on posterior half (
<figureCitation id="E4902A6B6240FFAB6006DA0228AC7C66" box="[894,1004,327,349]" captionStart="FIGURES 20–24" captionStartId="4.[152,270,1581,1605]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,179,1555]" captionTargetId="figure-20@4.[151,1435,179,1555]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 20–24. Pronotum of Helionothrips species, female. (20) H. pallidus sp. n.; (21) H. cephalicus; (22) H. phragmitesi sp. n.; (23) H. shennongjiaensis; (24) H. parvus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154432" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154432/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">Figs 20–22</figureCitation>
).................................. 9
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="C75F2E4B6240FFAB63EFDA202EDC7CA3" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
<paragraph id="7C1436EE6240FFAB63EFDA202EDC7C41" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1112]" box="[151,1436,357,379]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
<keyLead id="C75A95DB6240FFAB63EFDA202EDC7C41" box="[151,1436,357,379]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">7. Head yellowish brown, paler than pronotum; fore wing brown except for a small sub-basal pale brown patch............ 8</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C1436EE6240FFAB63EFDAC62EDC7CA3" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1112]" box="[151,1436,386,408]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
<keyLead id="C75A95DB6240FFAB63EFDAC62EDC7CA3" box="[151,1436,386,408]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
-. Head as dark brown as pronotum; fore wing with a sub-basal white band and apical half pale, apex brown (
<figureCitation id="E4902A6B6240FFAB679EDAC72E607CAC" box="[1254,1312,386,408]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–9" captionStartId="2.[152,270,1579,1603]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,597,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-229@2.[151,1435,597,1556]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–9. Fore wing of Helionothrips species, female. (1) H. shennongjiaensis; (2) H. brunneipennis; (3) H. annosus; (4) H. aino; (5) H. phragmitesi sp. n.; (6) H. cephalicus; (7) H. rugatus; (8) H. pallidus sp. n.; (9) H. parvus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154426/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
).... 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6240FFAB6623DAC62EDC7CA3" ID-CoL="3KBHS" authorityName="Bhatti" authorityYear="1968" box="[1371,1436,387,408]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="398" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvus">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6240FFAB6623DAC62EDC7CA3" box="[1371,1436,387,408]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">parvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="C75F2E4B6240FFAB63EFDAE52EDC7CE9" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
<paragraph id="7C1436EE6240FFAB63EFDAE52EDC7C8F" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1112]" box="[151,1436,415,437]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
<keyLead id="C75A95DB6240FFAB63EFDAE52EDC7C8F" box="[151,1436,415,437]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
8. Antennal sense cone on segment IV not beyond apex of VI (
<figureCitation id="E4902A6B6240FFAB605DDADA28297C8E" box="[805,873,415,437]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–19" captionStartId="3.[152,270,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[165,1423,380,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-137@3.[164,1423,380,1909]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 10–19.Antennae of Helionothrips species, female. (10) H. phragmitesi sp. n.; (11) H. annosus; (12) H. rugatus; (13) H. pallidus sp. n.; (14) H. parvus; (15) H. cephalicus; (16) H. aino (segment IV sense cone extends only to the middle of VI); (17) H. aino (segment IV sense cone surpasses the apex of VII); (18) H. shennongjiaensis; (19) H. brunneipennis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154430" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154430/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
)................................ 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6240FFAB678FDADA2EDC7C8F" ID-CoL="3KBHX" box="[1271,1436,415,436]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="398" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shennongjiaensis">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6240FFAB678FDADA2EDC7C8F" box="[1271,1436,415,436]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">shennongjiaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C1436EE6240FFAB63EFDAF82EDC7CE9" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1112]" box="[151,1436,445,467]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
<keyLead id="C75A95DB6240FFAB63EFDAF82EDC7CE9" box="[151,1436,445,467]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
-. Antennal sense cone on segment IV extend to mid of VIII (
<figureCitation id="E4902A6B6240FFAB6062DAF828207CE9" box="[794,864,445,467]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–19" captionStartId="3.[152,270,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[165,1423,380,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-137@3.[164,1423,380,1909]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 10–19.Antennae of Helionothrips species, female. (10) H. phragmitesi sp. n.; (11) H. annosus; (12) H. rugatus; (13) H. pallidus sp. n.; (14) H. parvus; (15) H. cephalicus; (16) H. aino (segment IV sense cone extends only to the middle of VI); (17) H. aino (segment IV sense cone surpasses the apex of VII); (18) H. shennongjiaensis; (19) H. brunneipennis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154430" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154430/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
).................................... 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6240FFAB666BDAF82EDC7CE9" ID-CoL="3KC7H" baseAuthorityName="Bagnall" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[1299,1436,445,466]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Heliothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="398" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneipennis">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6240FFAB666BDAF82EDC7CE9" box="[1299,1436,445,466]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">brunneipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="C75F2E4B6240FFAB63EFDA9F2EDC7F11" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
<paragraph id="7C1436EE6240FFAB63EFDA9F2EDC7CD4" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1112]" box="[151,1436,474,496]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
<keyLead id="C75A95DB6240FFAB63EFDA9F2EDC7CD4" box="[151,1436,474,496]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
9. Pronotum with wrinkles only in reticles on posterior half (
<figureCitation id="E4902A6B6240FFAB6068DA9F28167CD4" box="[784,854,474,496]" captionStart="FIGURES 20–24" captionStartId="4.[152,270,1581,1605]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,179,1555]" captionTargetId="figure-20@4.[151,1435,179,1555]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 20–24. Pronotum of Helionothrips species, female. (20) H. pallidus sp. n.; (21) H. cephalicus; (22) H. phragmitesi sp. n.; (23) H. shennongjiaensis; (24) H. parvus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154432" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154432/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
)............................................. 10
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C1436EE6240FFAB63EFDABD2EDC7F11" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
<keyLead id="C75A95DB6240FFAB63EFDABD2EDC7F11" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
-. Pronotum with numerous wrinkles in all reticles (
<figureCitation id="E4902A6B6240FFAB61BADAB228737F36" box="[706,819,503,525]" captionStart="FIGURES 20–24" captionStartId="4.[152,270,1581,1605]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,179,1555]" captionTargetId="figure-20@4.[151,1435,179,1555]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 20–24. Pronotum of Helionothrips species, female. (20) H. pallidus sp. n.; (21) H. cephalicus; (22) H. phragmitesi sp. n.; (23) H. shennongjiaensis; (24) H. parvus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154432" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154432/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">Figs 20–21</figureCitation>
); head, meso- and metascutum also with internal wrinkles (
<figureCitation id="E4902A6B6240FFAB660ADAB22BBC7F10" captionStart="FIGURES 25–30" captionStartId="5.[152,270,1425,1449]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,237,1401]" captionTargetId="figure-60@5.[151,1435,237,1401]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 25–30. Helionothrips species. Meso- and metanotum, female (25–27): (25) H. shennongjiaensis; (26) H. rugatus; (27) H. parvus. Male sternal pore plates of segments VI-VIII of Helionothrips aino (28-30): (28) Large pore plates on VI–VIII; (29) Vestigial pore plate on VI; (30) Pore plate absent on VI." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154436" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154436/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">Figs 26</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E4902A6B6240FFAB627ED9502A037F10" box="[262,323,533,555]" captionStart="FIGURES 31–42" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,181,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-30@9.[164,1423,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 31–42. Helionothrips species. H. pallidus sp. n. (31–37): (31) Female; (32) Male; (33) Meso- and metanotum, female; (34) Abdominal sternites V–VIII, male; (35) Head, female; (36) Abdominal tergites IX–X, male; (37) Abdominal tergites VIII–X, female. H. phragmitesi sp. n. (38–42): (38) Female; (39) Head, female; (40) Meso- and metanota, female; (41) Abdominal tergites I–III, female; (42) Abdominal tergites VIII–X, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154438" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154438/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">33, 35</figureCitation>
).......................................................................................... 13
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="C75F2E4B6240FFAB63EFD9772EDC7FB9" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
<paragraph id="7C1436EE6240FFAB63EFD9772EDC7F5E" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
<keyLead id="C75A95DB6240FFAB63EFD9772EDC7F5E" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
10. Head, meso- and metascutum without wrinkles in reticles [antennal segments I, II and VI brown; forked sense cone on antennal segment IV at least extending to apex of V; male unknown]............................................. 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6240FFAB6642D90A2ED17F5F" ID-CoL="3KBHT" authorityName="Kudo" authorityYear="1992" box="[1338,1425,591,612]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="398" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ponkikiri">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6240FFAB6642D90A2ED17F5F" box="[1338,1425,591,612]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">ponkikiri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
*
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C1436EE6240FFAB63EFD9282EDC7FB9" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1112]" box="[151,1436,621,643]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
<keyLead id="C75A95DB6240FFAB63EFD9282EDC7FB9" box="[151,1436,621,643]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">-. Head and mesoscutum with wrinkles in reticles, metascutal triangle with or without wrinkles in reticles................ 11</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="C75F2E4B6240FFAB63EFD9CF2EDC7FCC" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
<paragraph id="7C1436EE6240FFAB63EFD9CF2EDC7F86" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
<keyLead id="C75A95DB6240FFAB63EFD9CF2EDC7F86" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
11. Metascutal triangle without wrinkles in reticles (
<figureCitation id="E4902A6B6240FFAB61CBD9CF29BB7FA4" box="[691,763,650,672]" captionStart="FIGURES 31–42" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,181,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-30@9.[164,1423,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 31–42. Helionothrips species. H. pallidus sp. n. (31–37): (31) Female; (32) Male; (33) Meso- and metanotum, female; (34) Abdominal sternites V–VIII, male; (35) Head, female; (36) Abdominal tergites IX–X, male; (37) Abdominal tergites VIII–X, female. H. phragmitesi sp. n. (38–42): (38) Female; (39) Head, female; (40) Meso- and metanota, female; (41) Abdominal tergites I–III, female; (42) Abdominal tergites VIII–X, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154438" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154438/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
); antennal segments I–II darker than VI (
<figureCitation id="E4902A6B6240FFAB67FDD9CF2F8C7FA4" box="[1157,1228,650,672]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–19" captionStartId="3.[152,270,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[165,1423,380,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-137@3.[164,1423,380,1909]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 10–19.Antennae of Helionothrips species, female. (10) H. phragmitesi sp. n.; (11) H. annosus; (12) H. rugatus; (13) H. pallidus sp. n.; (14) H. parvus; (15) H. cephalicus; (16) H. aino (segment IV sense cone extends only to the middle of VI); (17) H. aino (segment IV sense cone surpasses the apex of VII); (18) H. shennongjiaensis; (19) H. brunneipennis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154430" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154430/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
); antennal sense cone on IV short, not surpassing mid of V [male unknown]........................................... 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6240FFAB6796D9E22E217F87" authority="Xie &amp; Li &amp; Zhang, 2022" authorityName="Xie &amp; Li &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2022" box="[1262,1377,679,700]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="398" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phragmitesi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6240FFAB6796D9E22E217F87" box="[1262,1377,679,700]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">phragmitesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6240FFAB661ED9ED2EDC7F86" bold="true" box="[1382,1436,680,701]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="55EC57876240FFAB661ED9ED2EDC7F86" box="[1382,1436,680,701]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C1436EE6240FFAB63EFD9802EDC7FCC" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
<keyLead id="C75A95DB6240FFAB63EFD9802EDC7FCC" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">-. Metascutal triangle with wrinkles in reticles; antennal segments I–II as brown as or paler than VI; antennal sense cone on IV extending to VI...................................................................................... 12</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="C75F2E4B6240FFAB63EFD8452EDC7E56" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
<paragraph id="7C1436EE6240FFAB63EFD8452EDC7E09" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
<keyLead id="C75A95DB6240FFAB63EFD8452EDC7E09" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
12. Antennal segments I–II yellowish brown, VI dark brown; forked sense cone on segment IV extending to basal half of VI; male with pore plate on abdominal sternites VII–VIII..................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6240FFAB6657D8582ED07E09" ID-CoL="77CNL" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="1993" box="[1327,1424,797,818]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Phragmites" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="6" pageNumber="398" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="communis">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6240FFAB6657D8582ED07E09" box="[1327,1424,797,818]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">communis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
*
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C1436EE6240FFAB63EFD87E2EDC7E56" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
<keyLead id="C75A95DB6240FFAB63EFD87E2EDC7E56" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
-. Antennal segments I–II as brown as VI; forked sense cone on segment IV extending to mid-point of VI; male without pore plate on abdominal sternites........................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6240FFAB6630D81D2ED07E56" ID-CoL="3KBJ4" authorityName="Chen" authorityYear="1981" box="[1352,1424,856,877]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="398" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unitatis">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6240FFAB6630D81D2ED07E56" box="[1352,1424,856,877]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">unitatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
*
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="C75F2E4B6240FFAB63EFD8302EDC7ED9" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
<paragraph id="7C1436EE6240FFAB63EFD8302EDC7E9C" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
<keyLead id="C75A95DB6240FFAB63EFD8302EDC7E9C" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
13. Antennal segment VI uniformly dark brown, VI as brown as II (
<figureCitation id="E4902A6B6240FFAB603AD83028C87EB1" box="[834,904,885,907]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–19" captionStartId="3.[152,270,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[165,1423,380,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-137@3.[164,1423,380,1909]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 10–19.Antennae of Helionothrips species, female. (10) H. phragmitesi sp. n.; (11) H. annosus; (12) H. rugatus; (13) H. pallidus sp. n.; (14) H. parvus; (15) H. cephalicus; (16) H. aino (segment IV sense cone extends only to the middle of VI); (17) H. aino (segment IV sense cone surpasses the apex of VII); (18) H. shennongjiaensis; (19) H. brunneipennis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154430" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154430/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
); female abdominal segment IX about 1.7 times as long as segment X............................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6240FFAB666BD8D72E207E9C" authority="Xie &amp; Li &amp; Zhang, 2022" authorityName="Xie &amp; Li &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2022" box="[1299,1376,914,935]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="398" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6240FFAB666BD8D72E207E9C" box="[1299,1376,914,935]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">pallidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6240FFAB661ED8D72EDC7E9C" bold="true" box="[1382,1436,914,935]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="55EC57876240FFAB661ED8D72EDC7E9C" box="[1382,1436,914,935]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C1436EE6240FFAB63EFD8F52EDC7ED9" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
<keyLead id="C75A95DB6240FFAB63EFD8F52EDC7ED9" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">-. Antennal segment VI light brown with basal half paler, VI paler than II; female abdominal segment IX at least 2.0 times as long as segment X........................................................................................ 14</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="C75F2E4B6240FFAB63EFD8AF2EDD796C" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
<paragraph id="7C1436EE6240FFAB63EFD8AF2EDC7926" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
<keyLead id="C75A95DB6240FFAB63EFD8AF2EDC7926" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
14. Antennal segment I yellowish brown, paler than II (
<figureCitation id="E4902A6B6240FFAB61A1D8AF28627EC4" box="[729,802,1002,1024]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–19" captionStartId="3.[152,270,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[165,1423,380,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-137@3.[164,1423,380,1909]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 10–19.Antennae of Helionothrips species, female. (10) H. phragmitesi sp. n.; (11) H. annosus; (12) H. rugatus; (13) H. pallidus sp. n.; (14) H. parvus; (15) H. cephalicus; (16) H. aino (segment IV sense cone extends only to the middle of VI); (17) H. aino (segment IV sense cone surpasses the apex of VII); (18) H. shennongjiaensis; (19) H. brunneipennis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154430" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154430/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
); fore wing with a well-defined sub-apical pale band shorter than the middle brown area (
<figureCitation id="E4902A6B6240FFAB62BEDF4229417926" box="[454,513,1031,1053]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–9" captionStartId="2.[152,270,1579,1603]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,597,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-229@2.[151,1435,597,1556]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–9. Fore wing of Helionothrips species, female. (1) H. shennongjiaensis; (2) H. brunneipennis; (3) H. annosus; (4) H. aino; (5) H. phragmitesi sp. n.; (6) H. cephalicus; (7) H. rugatus; (8) H. pallidus sp. n.; (9) H. parvus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154426/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
); male with pore plates on abdominal sternites VII–VIII......................... 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6240FFAB662BDF4D2EDC7926" ID-CoL="3KBHV" authorityName="Mirab-balou &amp; Tong" authorityYear="2016" box="[1363,1436,1032,1053]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="398" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugatus">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6240FFAB662BDF4D2EDC7926" box="[1363,1436,1032,1053]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">rugatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C1436EE6240FFAB63EFDF602EDD796C" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
<keyLead id="C75A95DB6240FFAB63EFDF602EDD796C" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
-. Antennal segment I as brown as II (
<figureCitation id="E4902A6B6240FFAB614DDF60293B7900" box="[565,635,1061,1083]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–19" captionStartId="3.[152,270,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[165,1423,380,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-137@3.[164,1423,380,1909]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 10–19.Antennae of Helionothrips species, female. (10) H. phragmitesi sp. n.; (11) H. annosus; (12) H. rugatus; (13) H. pallidus sp. n.; (14) H. parvus; (15) H. cephalicus; (16) H. aino (segment IV sense cone extends only to the middle of VI); (17) H. aino (segment IV sense cone surpasses the apex of VII); (18) H. shennongjiaensis; (19) H. brunneipennis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154430" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154430/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
); fore wing with a sub-basal white band, dark brown at fork and fading sub-apically (
<figureCitation id="E4902A6B6240FFAB6391DF072A647963" box="[233,292,1090,1112]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–9" captionStartId="2.[152,270,1579,1603]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,597,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-229@2.[151,1435,597,1556]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–9. Fore wing of Helionothrips species, female. (1) H. shennongjiaensis; (2) H. brunneipennis; (3) H. annosus; (4) H. aino; (5) H. phragmitesi sp. n.; (6) H. cephalicus; (7) H. rugatus; (8) H. pallidus sp. n.; (9) H. parvus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154426/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
); male without pore plate on abdominal sternites................................................ 
<taxonomicName id="BBAB4D6D6240FFAB664EDF072EDD796C" ID-CoL="6LL58" authorityName="Hood" authorityYear="1954" box="[1334,1437,1090,1111]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Helionothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="398" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cephalicus">
<emphasis id="4EDFEAFC6240FFAB664EDF072EDD796C" box="[1334,1437,1090,1111]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">cephalicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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