258 lines
28 KiB
XML
258 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document id="FCC4A93260744FF7B1B0B347800764BF" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4048.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bbb51c92-e184-489d-aba8-18d1dc9a25cd" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="234023" ID-ZooBank="71E2B8DA-825E-429F-BAA0-F582702B4A80" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461348015003" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="López-García, Margarita M., Gasca-Álvarez, Héctor J. & Amat-García, Germán" docDate="2015" docId="990DA529FF96FF8EFF4647D3175CF862" docLanguage="en" docName="zt04048p492.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4048 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Bothynus quadridens Taschenberg 1870" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="460" masterDocId="6534DD51FF9EFF87FFD1425F1659FFE6" masterDocTitle="The scarab beetle tribe Pentodontini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) of Colombia: taxonomy, natural history, and distribution" masterLastPageNumber="492" masterPageNumber="451" pageNumber="459" updateTime="1698621022009" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="B5F9E87AF4A4BA977EC902DA9D7B63CD" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="4317140E1F701F672E1C77AC7CC20C4B">
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<mods:title id="D000119800369D5E905307CAF1A04CEA">The scarab beetle tribe Pentodontini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) of Colombia: taxonomy, natural history, and distribution</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="7E66369A2B82417E8460B1845EB0E198" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="45CC821E362FAA8ED091B235D4BCFA12">
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<mods:namePart id="1CE076FC5D28719861D2E686B4A34E39">López-García, Margarita M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CA8A055D72EAB42AECF34EB6F9DEB8A3">Gasca-Álvarez, Héctor J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="B136EB4AF9841671962592072BB3D9C3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="45E7ED4F26732C71F485DA8CD67ED806">Amat-García, Germán</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="6B47A7446173677BF536032B0F2D1564">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="BAA81CA70E1623433F2295A156422F35">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="CAE14ED558856383CE3FA0CCDC1BF541">
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<mods:date id="901A7385E77FE4A6DD992B02AECD06CF">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="0FE9AEE5D4AE28DB4A1F46AE9143B515" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="7CF5F7D56C454027B175AA7D27D5B649">4048</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="9C1E3C1883C9563A666E8614F6EA8B04">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="1E1E952C9AB858247D06DB25DBE431F7" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4048.4.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="990DA529FF96FF8EFF4647D3175CF862" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5699342" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119645644" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5699342" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:990DA529FF96FF8EFF4647D3175CF862" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/990DA529FF96FF8EFF4647D3175CF862" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="460" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
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<subSubSection id="59BE47B4FF96FF8FFF4647D31777FA21" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="111B143FFF96FF8FFF4647D314C2FA40" blockId="8.[151,667,1420,1479]" box="[151,667,1420,1446]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
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<heading id="4A53A353FF96FF8FFF4647D314C2FA40" bold="true" box="[151,667,1420,1446]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="D6A46FBCFF96FF8FFF4647D314C2FA40" authority="Taschenberg, 1870" authorityName="Taschenberg" authorityYear="1870" box="[151,667,1420,1446]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadridens">
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<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF96FF8FFF4647D314C2FA40" bold="true" box="[151,667,1420,1446]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
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<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF96FF8FFF4647D317C0FA40" bold="true" box="[151,409,1420,1446]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Bothynus quadridens</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="753569CEFF96FF8FFE7947D314CAFA40" author="Taschenberg" box="[424,659,1420,1446]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" refString="Taschenberg, E. L. (1870) Neue Kafer aus Columbien und Ecuador. Zeitschrift fur die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften, 35, 177 - 199." type="journal article" year="1870">Taschenberg, 1870</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="111B143FFF96FF8FFF4647F11777FA21" blockId="8.[151,667,1420,1479]" box="[151,302,1454,1479]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="899F08BAFF96FF8FFF4E47F1177CFA21" box="[159,293,1454,1479]" captionStart="FIGURES 17 – 24" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1195,1218]" captionTargetBox="[163,1435,414,1169]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,409,1174]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 17 – 24. Bothynus quadridens. 17) habitus in dorsal view, 18) habitus in frontal view, 19) head of male, 20) parameres in frontal view, 21) parameres in lateral view, 22) spiculum gastrale, 23) male inner proclaw, 24) locality records in Colombia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234025/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
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Figs. 17
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<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF96FF8FFF2B47F11751FA21" bold="true" box="[250,264,1454,1479]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">–</emphasis>
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24
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</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="59BE47B4FF96FF8FFF4647A914CBF9EA" box="[151,658,1526,1548]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="111B143FFF96FF8FFF4647A914CBF9EA" blockId="8.[151,658,1526,1548]" box="[151,658,1526,1548]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="31B43311FF96FF8FFF4647A914CBF9EA" box="[151,658,1526,1548]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
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<taxonomicName id="D6A46FBCFF96FF8FFF4647A914D7F9EA" ID-CoL="YRSJ" authority="Taschenberg, 1870: 185" authorityName="Taschenberg" authorityPageNumber="185" authorityYear="1870" box="[151,654,1526,1548]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Corynoscelis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadridens">
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<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF96FF8FFF4647A917CAF9EA" box="[151,403,1526,1548]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Corynoscelis quadridens</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="9005322EFF96FF8FFE4B47A914D7F9EA" author="Taschenberg" box="[410,654,1526,1548]" page="185" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" year="1870">
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<bibRefCitation id="753569CEFF96FF8FFE4B47A91405F9EA" author="Taschenberg" box="[410,604,1526,1548]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" refString="Taschenberg, E. L. (1870) Neue Kafer aus Columbien und Ecuador. Zeitschrift fur die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften, 35, 177 - 199." type="journal article" year="1870">Taschenberg, 1870</bibRefCitation>
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: 185
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="59BE47B4FF96FF8EFF16446617CBFE82" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="460" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" type="description">
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<paragraph id="111B143FFF96FF8EFF16446617CBFE82" blockId="8.[151,1437,1593,2014]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,151,357]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="460" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
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<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF96FF8FFF1644661700F9B4" bold="true" box="[199,345,1593,1618]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Description.</emphasis>
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Habitus as in
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<figureCitation id="899F08BAFF96FF8FFE2D44661416F9B7" box="[508,591,1593,1618]" captionStart="FIGURES 17 – 24" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1195,1218]" captionTargetBox="[163,1435,414,1169]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,409,1174]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 17 – 24. Bothynus quadridens. 17) habitus in dorsal view, 18) habitus in frontal view, 19) head of male, 20) parameres in frontal view, 21) parameres in lateral view, 22) spiculum gastrale, 23) male inner proclaw, 24) locality records in Colombia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234025/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
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. Length 21.0
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<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF96FF8FFD32446614A8F9B4" bold="true" box="[739,753,1593,1618]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">–</emphasis>
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<quantity id="D65CB9DAFF96FF8FFD204466150FF9B7" box="[753,854,1593,1618]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" unit="mm" value="28.5">28.5 mm</quantity>
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(♂), 22.0
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<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF96FF8FFC144466158AF9B4" bold="true" box="[965,979,1593,1618]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">–</emphasis>
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30.0 mm (♀). Width 11.5
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<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF96FF8FFB2244661358F9B4" bold="true" box="[1267,1281,1593,1618]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">–</emphasis>
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16.0 mm (♂), 12.0
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<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF96FF8FFF194402168FF990" bold="true" box="[200,214,1629,1654]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">–</emphasis>
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||
17.0 mm (♀). Color dark reddish brown to black.
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<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF96FF8FFCD444031514F993" bold="true" box="[773,845,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Head:</emphasis>
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Frons grooved and with deep, sparse punctures. Eye canthus with erect, short setae. Frontoclypeal region with central tubercle and with sparse, erect, long, yellow setae. Clypeus with rugose surface; shape triangular and strongly contracted to narrow apex; anterior margin with 2 sharp, reflexed teeth, separated by 1 tooth diameter. Interocular distance equals 3.5 times the ocular transverse diameter. Antenna with club slightly longer than antennomeres 2
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<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF96FF8FFC5444B215CAF8E0" bold="true" box="[901,915,1773,1798]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">–</emphasis>
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7. Mandibles tridentate, dorsally visible (
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<figureCitation id="899F08BAFF96FF8FFABF44B216EFF8CF" captionStart="FIGURES 17 – 24" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1195,1218]" captionTargetBox="[163,1435,414,1169]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,409,1174]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 17 – 24. Bothynus quadridens. 17) habitus in dorsal view, 18) habitus in frontal view, 19) head of male, 20) parameres in frontal view, 21) parameres in lateral view, 22) spiculum gastrale, 23) male inner proclaw, 24) locality records in Colombia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234025/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
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).
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<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF96FF8FFF01454E1714F8CC" bold="true" box="[208,333,1809,1834]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
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<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF96FF8FFF01454E171DF8CE" bold="true" box="[208,324,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Pronotum</emphasis>
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:
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</emphasis>
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Surface transversely rugose on anterior third, rugopunctate on median third and with sparse punctures on posterior third, punctures becoming larger and denser on basal and lateral margins. Apical margin with transverse high tubercle (
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<figureCitation id="899F08BAFF96FF8FFE3945061462F897" box="[488,571,1881,1906]" captionStart="FIGURES 17 – 24" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1195,1218]" captionTargetBox="[163,1435,414,1169]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,409,1174]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 17 – 24. Bothynus quadridens. 17) habitus in dorsal view, 18) habitus in frontal view, 19) head of male, 20) parameres in frontal view, 21) parameres in lateral view, 22) spiculum gastrale, 23) male inner proclaw, 24) locality records in Colombia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234025/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
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). Anterior half with wide transverse fovea; surface transversely rugose; width subequal to head width.
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<taxonomicName id="D6A46FBCFF96FF8FFE77452314D9F870" authority="Surface" authorityName="Surface" box="[422,640,1916,1942]" class="Trilobita" family="Styginidae" genus="Scutellum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Corynexochida" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF96FF8FFE774523147DF870" bold="true" box="[422,548,1916,1942]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
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<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF96FF8FFE7745231443F873" bold="true" box="[422,538,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Scutellum</emphasis>
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:
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</emphasis>
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Surface
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</taxonomicName>
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nearly smooth, with small to minute, sparse punctures.
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<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF96FF8FFB3E45231366F870" bold="true" box="[1263,1343,1916,1942]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
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<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF96FF8FFB3E4523136EF873" bold="true" box="[1263,1335,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Elytra</emphasis>
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:
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</emphasis>
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Surface with a few minute punctures forming inconspicuous rows; sutural striae weak, with distanced punctures (
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<figureCitation id="899F08BAFF96FF8FFAEA45FE13D6F85F" box="[1339,1423,1953,1978]" captionStart="FIGURES 17 – 24" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1195,1218]" captionTargetBox="[163,1435,414,1169]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,409,1174]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 17 – 24. Bothynus quadridens. 17) habitus in dorsal view, 18) habitus in frontal view, 19) head of male, 20) parameres in frontal view, 21) parameres in lateral view, 22) spiculum gastrale, 23) male inner proclaw, 24) locality records in Colombia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234025/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
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).
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<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF96FF8FFF46459B1757F838" bold="true" box="[151,270,1988,2014]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
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<taxonomicName id="D6A46FBCFF96FF8FFF46459B175CF83B" box="[151,261,1988,2013]" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Pygidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF96FF8FFF46459B175CF83B" bold="true" box="[151,261,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Pygidium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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</emphasis>
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Basal half transversely rugose, and with long yellow setae, apex with sparse minute punctures.
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<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF96FF8FFA8D459913C5F838" bold="true" box="[1372,1436,1989,2014]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
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<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF96FF8FFA8D459913CBF83B" bold="true" box="[1372,1426,1990,2013]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Legs</emphasis>
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:
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</emphasis>
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Protibia with 4 teeth (
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<figureCitation id="899F08BAFF97FF8EFE5A42C81787FF56" box="[395,478,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 17 – 24" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1195,1218]" captionTargetBox="[163,1435,414,1169]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,409,1174]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 17 – 24. Bothynus quadridens. 17) habitus in dorsal view, 18) habitus in frontal view, 19) head of male, 20) parameres in frontal view, 21) parameres in lateral view, 22) spiculum gastrale, 23) male inner proclaw, 24) locality records in Colombia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234025/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
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). Males with inner claw of protarsi with ventral tooth (
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<figureCitation id="899F08BAFF97FF8EFB9742C812C0FF56" box="[1094,1177,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 17 – 24" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1195,1218]" captionTargetBox="[163,1435,414,1169]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,409,1174]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 17 – 24. Bothynus quadridens. 17) habitus in dorsal view, 18) habitus in frontal view, 19) head of male, 20) parameres in frontal view, 21) parameres in lateral view, 22) spiculum gastrale, 23) male inner proclaw, 24) locality records in Colombia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234025/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
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). Metatibia with apical margin not truncate and irregular, with 14
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<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF97FF8EFDA042E31426FF33" bold="true" box="[625,639,188,213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">–</emphasis>
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15 long, thin, sharp spinules. First metatarsomere with apex triangular and apical angle sharp.
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<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF97FF8EFE6142BF145DFF1E" bold="true" box="[432,516,223,248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
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<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF97FF8EFE6142BF17A1FF11" bold="true" box="[432,504,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Venter</emphasis>
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:
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</emphasis>
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Prosternal process long, spherical, clothed with dense, long and yellow setae.
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<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF97FF8EFF46435B1745FEFB" bold="true" box="[151,284,260,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
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<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF97FF8EFF46435B174AFEFD" bold="true" box="[151,275,260,283]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Parameres</emphasis>
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:
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||
</emphasis>
|
||
Form slightly elongate and separated by a median concavity, apex rounded and lobe-shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="899F08BAFF97FF8EFAE2435B16EFFEA6" captionStart="FIGURES 17 – 24" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1195,1218]" captionTargetBox="[163,1435,414,1169]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,409,1174]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 17 – 24. Bothynus quadridens. 17) habitus in dorsal view, 18) habitus in frontal view, 19) head of male, 20) parameres in frontal view, 21) parameres in lateral view, 22) spiculum gastrale, 23) male inner proclaw, 24) locality records in Colombia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234025/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
|
||
Figs. 20
|
||
<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF97FF8EFA5F435B13C5FEFB" bold="true" box="[1422,1436,260,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">–</emphasis>
|
||
21
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF97FF8EFF1B437817FDFEA6" bold="true" box="[202,420,295,320]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF97FF8EFF1B437817C2FEA6" bold="true" box="[202,411,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Spiculum gastrale</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Base longer than branches, apex truncate, base with 2 small triangular plates bearing long, yellow setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="899F08BAFF97FF8EFEE0431317DFFE82" box="[305,390,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 17 – 24" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1195,1218]" captionTargetBox="[163,1435,414,1169]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,409,1174]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 17 – 24. Bothynus quadridens. 17) habitus in dorsal view, 18) habitus in frontal view, 19) head of male, 20) parameres in frontal view, 21) parameres in lateral view, 22) spiculum gastrale, 23) male inner proclaw, 24) locality records in Colombia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234025/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="45DB44B7FF97FF8EFF4646F4175BFB19" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234025/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" targetBox="[163,1435,414,1169]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="111B143FFF97FF8EFF4646F4175BFB19" blockId="9.[151,1436,1195,1279]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF97FF8EFF4646F41700FB27" bold="true" box="[151,345,1195,1218]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">FIGURES 17–24.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D6A46FBCFF97FF8EFEB546F31466FB24" box="[356,575,1196,1218]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadridens">
|
||
<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF97FF8EFEB546F31466FB24" box="[356,575,1196,1218]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Bothynus quadridens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 17) habitus in dorsal view, 18) habitus in frontal view, 19) head of male, 20) parameres in frontal view, 21) parameres in lateral view, 22) spiculum gastrale, 23) male inner proclaw, 24) locality records in Colombia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="59BE47B4FF97FF8EFF1647741744F936" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="111B143FFF97FF8EFF1647741584FA56" blockId="9.[151,1436,1323,1924]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF97FF8EFF1647741718FAA2" bold="true" box="[199,321,1323,1348]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
This species most closely resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D6A46FBCFF97FF8EFD3547721525FAA2" box="[740,892,1323,1348]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Podalgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="complanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF97FF8EFD3547721525FAA2" box="[740,892,1323,1348]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">B. complanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Males can be differentiated by having the inner claw of the protarsi with a median tooth, and the parameres shorter and wider. The spiculum gastrale has the basal piece with apex truncate and associated plates small; while in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D6A46FBCFF97FF8EFC88472A15ABFA6A" box="[857,1010,1395,1420]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Podalgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="complanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF97FF8EFC88472A15ABFA6A" box="[857,1010,1395,1420]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">B. complanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the apex of basal part is oval and the plates are larger. Females can be only identified by association with males.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="111B143FFF97FF8EFF1647E4125DF96E" blockId="9.[151,1436,1323,1924]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF97FF8EFF1647E417CAFA32" bold="true" box="[199,403,1467,1492]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Locality records.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="899F08BAFF97FF8EFE7547E417AEFA32" box="[420,503,1467,1492]" captionStart="FIGURES 17 – 24" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1195,1218]" captionTargetBox="[163,1435,414,1169]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,409,1174]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 17 – 24. Bothynus quadridens. 17) habitus in dorsal view, 18) habitus in frontal view, 19) head of male, 20) parameres in frontal view, 21) parameres in lateral view, 22) spiculum gastrale, 23) male inner proclaw, 24) locality records in Colombia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234025/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
<specimenCount id="07A2DFB6FF97FF8EFDD847E414EAFA32" box="[521,691,1467,1492]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" type="generic">116 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="07A2DFB6FF97FF8EFD6E47E414AAFA32" box="[703,755,1467,1492]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" type="generic">56♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, 60♀. Specimens were seen from CEUA, CTI, IAvH, ICN, LEUC, MEFLG, MLS, UNAB, USNM.
|
||
<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF97FF8EFDAA47801561FA1E" bold="true" box="[635,824,1503,1528]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Antioquia (62):</emphasis>
|
||
Ciudad Bolívar (12). Jericó, Cauca Viejo (2). San Jerónimo, Vda. El Berrial, Parque Los Tamarindos (29). Santafé de Antioquia (18).
|
||
<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF97FF8EFB96445C1296F9FA" bold="true" box="[1095,1231,1539,1564]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Boyacá (3):</emphasis>
|
||
Santana, Plaza de mercado (3).
|
||
<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF97FF8EFEFE44781799F9A6" bold="true" box="[303,448,1575,1600]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Caldas (11):</emphasis>
|
||
Aguadas, El Diamante (3). La Plata, Fca. La Sorpresa (1). Marquetalia, Vda. San Luís (1).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="69B354AFFF97FF8EFF1C4414176CF982" box="[205,309,1611,1636]" name="Palestine" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Palestina</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Vda. Santágueda, Granja Montelindo (6).
|
||
<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF97FF8EFC9644141256F982" bold="true" box="[839,1039,1611,1636]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">La Guajira (1):</emphasis>
|
||
El Jagüey (1).
|
||
<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF97FF8EFB08441413C5F982" bold="true" box="[1241,1436,1611,1636]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Santander (39):</emphasis>
|
||
Bucaramanga (9). Pamplona (11). San Gil (6). Suaita, San José de Suaita (13).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="111B143FFF97FF8EFF1644CC1744F936" blockId="9.[151,1436,1323,1924]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF97FF8EFF1644CC178FF94A" bold="true" box="[199,470,1683,1708]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Temporal distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
March (5), April (14), May (3), July (21), August (27), September (25), October (17). No data (4).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="59BE47B4FF97FF8EFF164484175CF862" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="111B143FFF97FF8EFF1644841711F8FE" blockId="9.[151,1436,1323,1924]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF97FF8EFF1644841739F912" bold="true" box="[199,352,1755,1780]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
This species occurs in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="69B354AFFF97FF8EFDBB448314BEF912" box="[618,743,1755,1780]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="69B354AFFF97FF8EFD2544831509F915" box="[756,848,1756,1779]" name="Panama" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="69B354AFFF97FF8EFC8A44841595F912" box="[859,972,1755,1780]" name="Colombia" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="69B354AFFF97FF8EFC0844841216F912" box="[985,1103,1755,1780]" name="Venezuela" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="69B354AFFF97FF8EFB5A448412B1F912" box="[1163,1256,1755,1780]" name="Ecuador" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="753569CEFF97FF8EFB29448413CEF912" author="Endrodi" box="[1272,1431,1755,1780]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" refString="Endrodi, S. (1969) Monographie der Dynastinae. 4. Tribus: Pentodontini (Coleoptera, Lamellicornia). Entomologische Abhandlungen Museum fur Tierkunde, Dresden, 37, 1 - 145." type="journal article" year="1969">Endrödi 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="753569CEFF97FF8EFF4644A01765F8FE" author="Ratcliffe" box="[151,316,1791,1816]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" refString="Ratcliffe, B. C. (2003) The Dynastinae scarab beetles of Costa Rica and Panama. Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum, 16, 1 - 506." type="journal article" year="2003">Ratcliffe 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="111B143FFF97FF8EFF16457C175CF862" blockId="9.[151,1436,1323,1924]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
|
||
<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF97FF8EFF16457C17DCF8DA" bold="true" box="[199,389,1827,1852]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Natural history.</emphasis>
|
||
Adults can be collected with light traps. The species has been found in coffee crops, on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D6A46FBCFF97FF8EFA8F457A13C5F8DA" box="[1374,1436,1829,1852]" class="Liliopsida" family="Musaceae" genus="Musa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF97FF8EFA8F457A13C5F8DA" box="[1374,1436,1829,1852]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Musa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
×
|
||
<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF97FF8EFF7E4518176CF886" box="[175,309,1863,1888]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">paradisiaca</emphasis>
|
||
Linnaeus (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D6A46FBCFF97FF8EFE6545171473F886" box="[436,554,1864,1888]" class="Liliopsida" family="Musaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Musaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), grasses, and near mature forests. It was distributed between 17 and
|
||
<quantity id="D65CB9DAFF97FF8EFAEE451713C5F8B9" box="[1343,1436,1864,1888]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" unit="m" value="2300.0">2,300 m</quantity>
|
||
elevation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |