162 lines
18 KiB
XML
162 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="5EE767EB21DFDCB6C520484CF5015236" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4048.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bbb51c92-e184-489d-aba8-18d1dc9a25cd" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="234023" ID-ZooBank="71E2B8DA-825E-429F-BAA0-F582702B4A80" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461348015003" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="López-García, Margarita M., Gasca-Álvarez, Héctor J. & Amat-García, Germán" docDate="2015" docId="990DA529FF8CFF95FF4640CF15E8FA5C" docLanguage="en" docName="zt04048p492.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4048 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Parapucaya Prell 1934" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="469" masterDocId="6534DD51FF9EFF87FFD1425F1659FFE6" masterDocTitle="The scarab beetle tribe Pentodontini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) of Colombia: taxonomy, natural history, and distribution" masterLastPageNumber="492" masterPageNumber="451" pageNumber="469" updateTime="1698621022009" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="497E96E501BFC241E97FA05827B4CBAD">The scarab beetle tribe Pentodontini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) of Colombia: taxonomy, natural history, and distribution</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7F352638D9AD660EA3F3B45A863682A5">López-García, Margarita M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6457D4D446E0A09DCE453805B969B2A8">Gasca-Álvarez, Héctor J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="132FF8938F290969C7BE2FFD2E69CB43">Amat-García, Germán</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="49A7FE06D1DE35A6010D78F8FB17E49B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="39B3439B9924EBB27D2A23E18CB33854">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="5734F117C0DB16B69ED4F876ECAD5303">4048</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="14ED057A9B573ED090F015A636BF692A" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4048.4.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="990DA529FF8CFF95FF4640CF15E8FA5C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5699368" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119645656" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5699368" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:990DA529FF8CFF95FF4640CF15E8FA5C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/990DA529FF8CFF95FF4640CF15E8FA5C" lastPageNumber="469" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">
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<subSubSection id="59BE47B4FF8CFF95FF4640CF17EDFD4C" box="[151,436,656,682]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="111B143FFF8CFF95FF4640CF17EDFD4C" blockId="18.[151,436,656,682]" box="[151,436,656,682]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">
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<heading id="4A53A353FF8CFF95FF4640CF17EDFD4C" bold="true" box="[151,436,656,682]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="D6A46FBCFF8CFF95FF4640CF17EDFD4C" authority="Prell, 1934" authorityName="Prell" authorityYear="1934" box="[151,436,656,682]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Parapucaya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF8CFF95FF4640CF17EDFD4C" bold="true" box="[151,436,656,682]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">
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<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF8CFF95FF4640CF1771FD4C" bold="true" box="[151,296,656,682]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Parapucaya</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="753569CEFF8CFF95FEFE40CF17EDFD4C" author="Prell" box="[303,436,656,682]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" refString="Prell, H. (1934) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der dynastinen (Xii). Beschreibungen und bemerkungen. Entomologische Zietschrift, 47, 162 - 164, 186 - 188, 194 - 195." type="journal article" year="1934">Prell, 1934</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="59BE47B4FF8CFF95FF46408715B6FD0A" box="[151,1007,726,749]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="111B143FFF8CFF95FF46408715B6FD0A" blockId="18.[151,1007,726,749]" box="[151,1007,726,749]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="31B43311FF8CFF95FF46408715B6FD0A" box="[151,1007,726,749]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">
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<taxonomicName id="D6A46FBCFF8CFF95FF46408717E7FD0A" authority="Prell, 1934: 162" authorityName="Prell" authorityPageNumber="162" authorityYear="1934" box="[151,446,726,749]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Parapucaya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF8CFF95FF464087174AFD0B" box="[151,275,728,749]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Parapucaya</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="9005322EFF8CFF95FEC8408917E7FD0A" author="Prell" box="[281,446,726,748]" page="162" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" year="1934">
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<bibRefCitation id="753569CEFF8CFF95FEC8408917D2FD0A" author="Prell" box="[281,395,726,748]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" refString="Prell, H. (1934) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der dynastinen (Xii). Beschreibungen und bemerkungen. Entomologische Zietschrift, 47, 162 - 164, 186 - 188, 194 - 195." type="journal article" year="1934">Prell, 1934</bibRefCitation>
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: 162
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="CE1FAA9DFF8CFF95FE19408817A3FD0A" box="[456,506,727,748]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="D6A46FBCFF8CFF95FD86408715B5FD0A" authority="Prell 1934: 162" authorityName="Prell" authorityPageNumber="162" authorityYear="1934" box="[599,1004,726,749]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Parapucaya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
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<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF8CFF95FD864087151EFD0B" box="[599,839,728,749]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Parapucaya amazonica</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="9005322EFF8CFF95FC9C408915B5FD0A" author="Prell" box="[845,1004,726,748]" page="162" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" year="1934">
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<bibRefCitation id="753569CEFF8CFF95FC9C408915E0FD0A" author="Prell" box="[845,953,726,748]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" refString="Prell, H. (1934) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der dynastinen (Xii). Beschreibungen und bemerkungen. Entomologische Zietschrift, 47, 162 - 164, 186 - 188, 194 - 195." type="journal article" year="1934">Prell 1934</bibRefCitation>
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: 162
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="59BE47B4FF8CFF95FF46414617A6FA94" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="111B143FFF8CFF95FF4641461439FC24" blockId="18.[151,1437,793,1466]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">
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<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF8CFF95FF4641461748FCD4" bold="true" box="[151,273,793,818]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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This genus is characterized by having a trapezoidal clypeus, frontoclypeal suture strongly impressed, eye canthus with a few setae, pronotal tubercles inconspicuous and visible only as two small prominences, and male protarsi enlarged. The genus contains the smaller species of the tribe and their yellow and testaceous coloration is also unique in the group. The spiculum gastrale is simple, U-shaped, and without basal piece, which is unique among members of
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<taxonomicName id="D6A46FBCFF8CFF95FE1841F61405FC24" box="[457,604,937,962]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pentodontini">Pentodontini</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="111B143FFF8CFF95FF1641921504FB58" blockId="18.[151,1437,793,1466]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">
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This genus is difficult to distinguish from
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<taxonomicName id="D6A46FBCFF8CFF95FD69419215AFFC00" authority="Dejean, 1821" authorityName="Dejean" authorityYear="1821" box="[696,1014,973,998]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Cyclocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF8CFF95FD694192150BFC00" box="[696,850,973,998]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Cyclocephala</emphasis>
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Dejean, 1821
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</taxonomicName>
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because of their nearly equal color, clypeal shape, and enlarged male protarsi.
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<taxonomicName id="D6A46FBCFF8CFF95FDAF41AD155EFBEF" box="[638,775,1010,1033]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Parapucaya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF8CFF95FDAF41AD155EFBEF" box="[638,775,1010,1033]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Parapucaya</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be recognized by the presence of two small, pronotal tubercles that are best observed in lateral view; this character is sometimes difficult to see, and the tubercles are nearly absent in some specimens. Additionally, a phylogenetic analysis of
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<taxonomicName id="D6A46FBCFF8CFF95FC20466612C2FBB4" box="[1009,1179,1081,1106]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Cyclocephalini">Cyclocephalini</taxonomicName>
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based on morphology indicated that
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<taxonomicName id="D6A46FBCFF8CFF95FE9746011796FB93" box="[326,463,1118,1141]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Parapucaya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF8CFF95FE9746011796FB93" box="[326,463,1118,1141]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Parapucaya</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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should be a member of this tribe, grouping a genus along with
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<taxonomicName id="D6A46FBCFF8CFF95FAD3460214E2FB7C" authority="(Fabricius, 1775) (Clark 2011)" authorityName="(Fabricius, 1775) (Clark" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Cyclocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanocephala">
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<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF8CFF95FAD34602171BFB7C" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Cyclocephala melanocephala</emphasis>
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(Fabricius, 1775) (
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<bibRefCitation id="753569CEFF8CFF95FDFB46DE14EAFB7C" author="Clark" box="[554,691,1153,1178]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" refString="Clark, D. R. (2011) Phylogenetic analysis of the scarab beetle tribe Cyclocephalini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) based on adult morphological characters. M. Sc. Thesis. Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas, United States of America. 68 pp. Available from http: // soar. wichita. edu / bitstream / handle / 10057 / 5050 / t 11061 _ clark. pdf? sequence = 1 (accessed 21 October 2015)" type="book" year="2011">Clark 2011</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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. So, it is necessary to evaluate the phylogenetic relationships between both tribes in order to define the position of the genus.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="111B143FFF8CFF95FF16469617A6FA94" blockId="18.[151,1437,793,1466]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">
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<bibRefCitation id="753569CEFF8CFF95FF16469617F9FB04" author="Dechambre" box="[199,416,1225,1250]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" refString="Dechambre, R. - P. (2006) Nouveaux dynastides neotropicaux (Coleoptera, Dynastidae). Coleopteres, 12 (17), 227 - 233." type="journal article" year="2006">Dechambre (2006)</bibRefCitation>
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described the monotypic genus
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<taxonomicName id="D6A46FBCFF8CFF95FCFB469615CDFB04" box="[810,916,1225,1250]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Denhezia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF8CFF95FCFB469615CDFB04" box="[810,916,1225,1250]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Denhezia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to include the species
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<taxonomicName id="D6A46FBCFF8CFF95FB6346961739FAE0" authority="Dechambre, 2006" authorityName="Dechambre" authorityYear="2006" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Denhezia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucacola">
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<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF8CFF95FB63469613C5FB04" box="[1202,1436,1225,1250]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Denhezia caucacola</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="753569CEFF8CFF95FF4646B21739FAE0" author="Dechambre" box="[151,352,1261,1286]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" refString="Dechambre, R. - P. (2006) Nouveaux dynastides neotropicaux (Coleoptera, Dynastidae). Coleopteres, 12 (17), 227 - 233." type="journal article" year="2006">Dechambre, 2006</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="69B354AFFF8CFF95FE7846B21442FAE0" box="[425,539,1261,1286]" name="Colombia" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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. However, the only diagnostic character to differentiate it from
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<taxonomicName id="D6A46FBCFF8CFF95FB2646B113D9FAE3" box="[1271,1408,1262,1285]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Parapucaya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF8CFF95FB2646B113D9FAE3" box="[1271,1408,1262,1285]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Parapucaya</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is the absence of pronotal tubercles. Taking into account that those tubercles have been found to be sometimes nearly absent in species of
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<taxonomicName id="D6A46FBCFF8CFF95FEAA4769145DFAAB" box="[379,516,1334,1357]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Parapucaya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF8CFF95FEAA4769145DFAAB" box="[379,516,1334,1357]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Parapucaya</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, these two genera should be considered as the same, but revision of
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<typeStatus id="CE1FAA9DFF8CFF95FAD847691360FAA8" box="[1289,1337,1334,1358]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">type</typeStatus>
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material is needed to define a synonymy.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="59BE47B4FF8CFF95FF16472215E8FA5C" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="111B143FFF8CFF95FF16472215E8FA5C" blockId="18.[151,1437,793,1466]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">
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<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF8CFF95FF1647221739FA70" bold="true" box="[199,352,1405,1430]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Distribution.</emphasis>
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This is mainly a South American genus, although one species (
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<taxonomicName id="D6A46FBCFF8CFF95FBFC4721129AFA73" box="[1069,1219,1406,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Parapucaya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
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<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF8CFF95FBFC4721129AFA73" box="[1069,1219,1406,1429]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">P. amazonica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) reaches
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<collectingCountry id="69B354AFFF8CFF95FAFE472213C5FA70" box="[1327,1436,1405,1430]" name="Honduras" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Honduras</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="753569CEFF8CFF95FF4F47FE17FAFA5C" author="Ratcliffe" box="[158,419,1441,1466]" pageId="18" pageNumber="469" refString="Ratcliffe, B. C. & Cave, R. D. (2006) The Dynastinae Scarab Beetles of Honduras, Nicaragua and El Salvador. Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum, 21, 1 - 424." type="journal article" year="2006">Ratcliffe & Cave 2006</bibRefCitation>
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). Both species in the genus occur in
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<collectingCountry id="69B354AFFF8CFF95FCEA47FE15F4FA5C" box="[827,941,1441,1466]" name="Colombia" pageId="18" pageNumber="469">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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