296 lines
33 KiB
XML
296 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document id="5C8565C65479DBFBB22F62B4D2F98BCA" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4048.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bbb51c92-e184-489d-aba8-18d1dc9a25cd" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="234023" ID-ZooBank="71E2B8DA-825E-429F-BAA0-F582702B4A80" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461348015003" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="López-García, Margarita M., Gasca-Álvarez, Héctor J. & Amat-García, Germán" docDate="2015" docId="990DA529FF80FF98FF4646C21593FCDE" docLanguage="en" docName="zt04048p492.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4048 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Tomarus ebenus De Geer 1774" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="482" masterDocId="6534DD51FF9EFF87FFD1425F1659FFE6" masterDocTitle="The scarab beetle tribe Pentodontini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) of Colombia: taxonomy, natural history, and distribution" masterLastPageNumber="492" masterPageNumber="451" pageNumber="481" updateTime="1698621022009" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="6C154687FB88A797EA486512B1A77E6F">The scarab beetle tribe Pentodontini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) of Colombia: taxonomy, natural history, and distribution</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="90CE288BC43F5BB3C58E2BDFF7DDB7AE">López-García, Margarita M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="513D25AD8302120F4CD8C1719F575BBC">Gasca-Álvarez, Héctor J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0236364C974D0D5EDA8260848CC5A788">Amat-García, Germán</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="29B5C2D5A15483EB1769958756D9D745">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="09EB13AE406063FA122989D53BEC1712">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E54A7AE4A780308B1DF125DC09649482">4048</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="CDD5FF5ED4CAFE29A275DB377082DAE3" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4048.4.1</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="59BE47B4FF80FF99FF4646C21711FB3E" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="111B143FFF80FF99FF4646C2147FFB51" blockId="30.[151,550,1181,1241]" box="[151,550,1181,1207]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">
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<heading id="4A53A353FF80FF99FF4646C2147FFB51" bold="true" box="[151,550,1181,1207]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="D6A46FBCFF80FF99FF4646C2147FFB51" authority="De Geer, 1774" authorityName="De Geer" authorityYear="1774" box="[151,550,1181,1207]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Tomarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ebenus">
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<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF80FF99FF4646C2147FFB51" bold="true" box="[151,550,1181,1207]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">
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<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF80FF99FF4646C21707FB51" bold="true" box="[151,350,1181,1207]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Tomarus ebenus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="753569CEFF80FF99FEBC46C21447FB51" author="De" box="[365,542,1181,1207]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" refString="De Geer, C. (1774) Memories pour Servir a l´Historie des Insectes, Volume 4. L. L. Grefing, Stockholm, Sweden. 456 pp. Dupuis, F. (2010) Un nouvel Oxyligyrus Arrow, 1908 du Perou (Coleoptera, Dynastidae). Coleopteres, 16, 121 - 124." type="book chapter" year="1774">De Geer, 1774</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="111B143FFF80FF99FF46469F1711FB3E" blockId="30.[151,550,1181,1241]" box="[151,328,1216,1241]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">
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(
|
||
<figureCitation id="899F08BAFF80FF99FF4E469F1719FB3E" box="[159,320,1216,1241]" captionStart="FIGURES 117 – 123" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1665,1688]" captionTargetBox="[160,1421,884,1637]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,879,1643]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 117 – 123. Tomarus ebenus. 117) habitus in dorsal view, 118) habitus in frontal view, 119) head and pronotum in dorsal view, 120) parameres in frontal view, 121) parameres in lateral view, 122) spiculum gastrale, 123) locality records in Colombia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234040/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">
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Figs. 117
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<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF80FF99FED6469F174CFB3F" bold="true" box="[263,277,1216,1241]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">–</emphasis>
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||
123
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||
</figureCitation>
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||
)
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="59BE47B4FF80FF99FF464757140FFABD" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="111B143FFF80FF99FF4647571474FAF8" blockId="30.[151,598,1288,1371]" box="[151,557,1288,1310]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="31B43311FF80FF99FF4647571474FAF8" box="[151,557,1288,1310]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">
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<taxonomicName id="D6A46FBCFF80FF99FF4647571470FAF8" ID-CoL="6XW83" authority="De Geer, 1774: 317" authorityName="De Geer" authorityPageNumber="317" authorityYear="1774" box="[151,553,1288,1310]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scarabaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ebenus">
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<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF80FF99FF4647571700FAF8" box="[151,345,1288,1310]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Scarabaeus ebenus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="9005322EFF80FF99FEB147561470FAF8" author="De" box="[352,553,1288,1310]" page="317" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" year="1774">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="753569CEFF80FF99FEB1475617AEFAF8" author="De" box="[352,503,1288,1310]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" refString="De Geer, C. (1774) Memories pour Servir a l´Historie des Insectes, Volume 4. L. L. Grefing, Stockholm, Sweden. 456 pp. Dupuis, F. (2010) Un nouvel Oxyligyrus Arrow, 1908 du Perou (Coleoptera, Dynastidae). Coleopteres, 16, 121 - 124." type="book chapter" year="1774">De Geer, 1774</bibRefCitation>
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: 317
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="111B143FFF80FF99FF464779140FFABD" blockId="30.[151,598,1288,1371]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="31B43311FF80FF99FF464779140FFABD" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">
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||
<taxonomicName id="D6A46FBCFF80FF99FF4647791461FADA" ID-CoL="79W7M" authority="Fabricius, 1792: 31" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityPageNumber="31" authorityYear="1792" box="[151,568,1318,1340]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scarabaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cordatus">
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<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF80FF99FF4647791732FADA" box="[151,363,1318,1340]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Scarabaeus cordatus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="9005322EFF80FF99FEA047791461FADA" author="Fabricius" box="[369,568,1318,1340]" page="31" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" year="1792">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="753569CEFF80FF99FEA04779144BFADA" author="Fabricius" box="[369,530,1318,1340]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1792) Entomologia Systematica, Volume 1, part 2. Copenhagen, Denmark. 538 pp." type="book" year="1792">Fabricius, 1792</bibRefCitation>
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: 31
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="D6A46FBCFF80FF99FF46471A140BFABD" authority="Perty, 1830: 46" authorityName="Perty" authorityPageNumber="46" authorityYear="1830" box="[151,594,1349,1371]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Cyclocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scarabaeinus">
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<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF80FF99FF46471A17F6FABD" box="[151,431,1349,1371]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Cyclocephala scarabaeinus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="9005322EFF80FF99FE674719140BFABD" author="Perty" box="[438,594,1349,1371]" page="46" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" year="1830">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="753569CEFF80FF99FE6747191475FABD" author="Perty" box="[438,556,1349,1371]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" refString="Perty, M. (1830) Delectus animalium articulatorum, quae in iterene per Brasilian annis MDCCCXVIIMDCCCXX jussu et auspiciis Maximiliani Josephi I. Bavariae Regis Augustissimi Peracto Collegerunt Dr. J. B. de Spix et Dr. C. F. Ph. De Martins, Fascicle 1. Impensis editoris, Munich, Germany. 60 pp." type="book" year="1830">Perty, 1830</bibRefCitation>
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: 46
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="59BE47B4FF80FF98FF4647D71444FF32" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="482" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="111B143FFF80FF98FF4647D71444FF32" blockId="30.[151,1437,1416,2017]" lastBlockId="31.[151,1437,151,824]" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="482" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">
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<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF80FF99FF4647D71770FA47" bold="true" box="[151,297,1416,1441]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Description.</emphasis>
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Habitus as in
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<figureCitation id="899F08BAFF80FF99FE0447D7146EFA46" box="[469,567,1416,1441]" captionStart="FIGURES 117 – 123" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1665,1688]" captionTargetBox="[160,1421,884,1637]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,879,1643]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 117 – 123. Tomarus ebenus. 117) habitus in dorsal view, 118) habitus in frontal view, 119) head and pronotum in dorsal view, 120) parameres in frontal view, 121) parameres in lateral view, 122) spiculum gastrale, 123) locality records in Colombia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234040/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Fig. 117</figureCitation>
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. Length 24.0–25.0 mm (♂),
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<quantity id="D65CB9DAFF80FF99FC5647D71274FA46" box="[903,1069,1416,1441]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.535" metricValueMax="2.55" metricValueMin="2.52" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" unit="mm" value="25.35" valueMax="25.5" valueMin="25.2">25.2–25.5 mm</quantity>
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(♀). Width 13.0–
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<quantity id="D65CB9DAFF80FF99FB2F47D7133DFA46" box="[1278,1380,1416,1441]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" unit="mm" value="13.5">13.5 mm</quantity>
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(♂), 13.5–14.0 mm (♀). Color black to dark brown.
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<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF80FF99FD6D47F414A3FA22" bold="true" box="[700,762,1451,1476]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Head</emphasis>
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: Frons concave between eyes and before frontal tubercles; surface deeply punctate, nearly smooth on vertex and only with sparse, deep punctures. Frontoclypeal region with 2 transverse tubercles broadly separated from one another (about 5 tubercle diameters). Frontoclypeal suture present, as a weak carina on each side. Clypeus with surface transversely rugose; shape trapezoidal, apex broadly truncate; with 2 small teeth, teeth reflexed, widely separated (about 5 tooth diameters) (
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<figureCitation id="899F08BAFF80FF99FB7544631353F9B2" box="[1188,1290,1596,1621]" captionStart="FIGURES 117 – 123" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1665,1688]" captionTargetBox="[160,1421,884,1637]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,879,1643]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 117 – 123. Tomarus ebenus. 117) habitus in dorsal view, 118) habitus in frontal view, 119) head and pronotum in dorsal view, 120) parameres in frontal view, 121) parameres in lateral view, 122) spiculum gastrale, 123) locality records in Colombia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234040/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Fig. 119</figureCitation>
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). Interocular distance equals 3.5 times the transverse ocular diameter. Antennal club subequal in length to antennomeres 2–7. Mandibles with 2 apical and one lateral tooth.
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<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF80FF99FD6144DB1574F97D" bold="true" box="[688,813,1668,1691]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Pronotum:</emphasis>
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Surface with sparse, small, deep punctures, denser on lateral margins. Apical tubercle small, only as a small tumescence (
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<figureCitation id="899F08BAFF80FF99FC5E44F715A8F926" box="[911,1009,1704,1729]" captionStart="FIGURES 117 – 123" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1665,1688]" captionTargetBox="[160,1421,884,1637]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,879,1643]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 117 – 123. Tomarus ebenus. 117) habitus in dorsal view, 118) habitus in frontal view, 119) head and pronotum in dorsal view, 120) parameres in frontal view, 121) parameres in lateral view, 122) spiculum gastrale, 123) locality records in Colombia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234040/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Fig. 118</figureCitation>
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). Subapical fovea longitudinally oval, deep to shallow, rugose.
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<taxonomicName id="D6A46FBCFF80FF99FDDC449414BEF903" authority="Surface" authorityName="Surface" box="[525,743,1739,1765]" class="Trilobita" family="Styginidae" genus="Scutellum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Corynexochida" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF80FF99FDDC449414D2F902" bold="true" box="[525,651,1739,1764]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Scutellum:</emphasis>
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Surface
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</taxonomicName>
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nearly smooth, only with some minute, sparse punctures.
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<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF80FF99FEC344B0173AF8EE" bold="true" box="[274,355,1775,1800]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Elytra:</emphasis>
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Surface with deep, large, ocellate punctures, some smaller between intervals; 3 pairs of double rows of punctures slightly distinct; elytral suture present.
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<taxonomicName id="D6A46FBCFF80FF99FCFC454C1258F8CB" authority="Surface" authorityName="Surface" box="[813,1025,1811,1837]" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Pygidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="481" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF80FF99FCFC454C15FDF8CA" bold="true" box="[813,932,1811,1836]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Pygidium:</emphasis>
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Surface
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</taxonomicName>
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with deep evenly sparse punctures, becoming nearly smooth on basal third. Surface strongly (males) to weakly convex (females).
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<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF80FF99FB2D45671365F8A9" bold="true" box="[1276,1340,1848,1871]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Legs:</emphasis>
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Protibia tridentate, basal tooth distinctly removed from others. Male protarsus enlarged, outer claw incised. Apex of metatibia crenulate, with 7–8 spinules on the apical margin. Apex of first metatarsomere subtruncate.
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<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF80FF99FEF745FB1723F85D" bold="true" box="[294,378,1956,1979]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Venter:</emphasis>
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Prosternal process long, extending beyond procoxae; apex transversally oval, split, posterior part bordered by long yellow setae.
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<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF80FF99FDE1459714ECF807" bold="true" box="[560,693,1992,2017]" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">
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<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF80FF99FDE1459714F5F839" bold="true" box="[560,684,1992,2015]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="481">Parameres</emphasis>
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:
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</emphasis>
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Basal third broad; lateral teeth small and with apex acute; apical third narrowed; apices strongly expanded outwards (
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<figureCitation id="899F08BAFF81FF98FD2142C815C1FF56" box="[752,920,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 117 – 123" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1665,1688]" captionTargetBox="[160,1421,884,1637]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,879,1643]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 117 – 123. Tomarus ebenus. 117) habitus in dorsal view, 118) habitus in frontal view, 119) head and pronotum in dorsal view, 120) parameres in frontal view, 121) parameres in lateral view, 122) spiculum gastrale, 123) locality records in Colombia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234040/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Figs. 120–121</figureCitation>
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).
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<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF81FF98FC7C42C812D3FF56" bold="true" box="[941,1162,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Spiculum gastrale:</emphasis>
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Base larger than lateral branches, apex truncate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="899F08BAFF81FF98FE7F42E31449FF32" box="[430,528,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 117 – 123" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1665,1688]" captionTargetBox="[160,1421,884,1637]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,879,1643]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 117 – 123. Tomarus ebenus. 117) habitus in dorsal view, 118) habitus in frontal view, 119) head and pronotum in dorsal view, 120) parameres in frontal view, 121) parameres in lateral view, 122) spiculum gastrale, 123) locality records in Colombia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234040/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Fig. 122</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="59BE47B4FF81FF98FF16428012E6FE13" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="111B143FFF81FF98FF164280134BFED9" blockId="31.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">
|
||
<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF81FF98FF1642801718FF1E" bold="true" box="[199,321,223,248]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is remarkably similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D6A46FBCFF81FF98FD3942BE1514FF1E" box="[744,845,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Tomarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis">
|
||
<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF81FF98FD3942BE1514FF1E" box="[744,845,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">T. similis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. They can only be separated by a pronotal fovea that is shallow and rounded in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D6A46FBCFF81FF98FE17435A1468FEFB" box="[454,561,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scarabaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ebenus">
|
||
<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF81FF98FE17435A1468FEFB" box="[454,561,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">T. ebenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but deeper and nearly triangular in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D6A46FBCFF81FF98FC05435A1262FEFB" box="[980,1083,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Tomarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis">
|
||
<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF81FF98FC05435A1262FEFB" box="[980,1083,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">T. similis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Additionally, the shape of the parameres is diagnostic for each species, being wider and shorter in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D6A46FBCFF81FF98FC43437615A5FEA6" box="[914,1020,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scarabaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ebenus">
|
||
<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF81FF98FC43437615A5FEA6" box="[914,1020,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">T. ebenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and slender in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D6A46FBCFF81FF98FB7743761352FEA6" box="[1190,1291,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Tomarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis">
|
||
<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF81FF98FB7743761352FEA6" box="[1190,1291,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">T. similis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="111B143FFF81FF98FF16431315FBFE36" blockId="31.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">
|
||
<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF81FF98FF16431317C8FE83" bold="true" box="[199,401,332,357]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Locality records.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="899F08BAFF81FF98FE7043131458FE82" box="[417,513,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 117 – 123" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1665,1688]" captionTargetBox="[160,1421,884,1637]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,879,1643]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 117 – 123. Tomarus ebenus. 117) habitus in dorsal view, 118) habitus in frontal view, 119) head and pronotum in dorsal view, 120) parameres in frontal view, 121) parameres in lateral view, 122) spiculum gastrale, 123) locality records in Colombia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234040/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Fig. 123</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
<specimenCount id="07A2DFB6FF81FF98FDC0431314F2FE83" box="[529,683,332,357]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" type="generic">39 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="07A2DFB6FF81FF98FD66431314B2FE82" box="[695,747,332,356]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" type="generic">17♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, 22♀. Specimens were seen from UPN, ICN, MPUJ, CEUN, LEUC.
|
||
<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF81FF98FF3F433017C9FE6E" bold="true" box="[238,400,367,392]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Casanare (1):</emphasis>
|
||
Monterrey (1).
|
||
<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF81FF98FD9243301571FE6E" bold="true" box="[579,808,367,392]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Cundinamarca (3):</emphasis>
|
||
Agua de Dios, Vda. Los Chorros, Granja de Ibañez (1). Anapoima (1). Vianí (1).
|
||
<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF81FF98FE6343CB141DFE4B" bold="true" box="[434,580,404,429]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Guainía (1):</emphasis>
|
||
Inírida, Com. La Ceiba (1).
|
||
<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF81FF98FC5043CB15A9FE4B" bold="true" box="[897,1008,404,429]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Meta (3):</emphasis>
|
||
Remolinos (3).
|
||
<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF81FF98FB7443CB1373FE4B" bold="true" box="[1189,1322,404,429]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Nariño (1):</emphasis>
|
||
Pasto (1).
|
||
<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF81FF98FF4643E817C9FE36" bold="true" box="[151,400,439,464]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Valle del Cauca (25):</emphasis>
|
||
Buenaventura (25).
|
||
<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF81FF98FDA443E81550FE36" bold="true" box="[629,777,439,464]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Vichada (5):</emphasis>
|
||
Gaviotas (5).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="111B143FFF81FF98FF16438312E6FE13" blockId="31.[151,1437,151,824]" box="[199,1215,476,501]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">
|
||
<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF81FF98FF1643831781FE13" bold="true" box="[199,472,476,501]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Temporal distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
March (5), April (2), September (1), October (6), November (25).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="59BE47B4FF81FF98FF1643A01593FCDE" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="111B143FFF81FF98FF1643A017E5FD63" blockId="31.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">
|
||
<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF81FF98FF1643A01739FDFE" bold="true" box="[199,352,511,536]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="69B354AFFF81FF98FEB843A0179BFDFE" box="[361,450,511,536]" name="Mexico" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="69B354AFFF81FF98FE1E43A01412FDFE" box="[463,587,511,536]" name="Guatemala" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="69B354AFFF81FF98FD8943A014FBFDFE" box="[600,674,511,536]" name="Belize" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Belize</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="69B354AFFF81FF98FD6143A01579FDFE" box="[688,800,511,536]" name="Honduras" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Honduras</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="69B354AFFF81FF98FCFC43A015FAFDFE" box="[813,931,511,536]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="69B354AFFF81FF98FC6143A01278FDFE" box="[944,1057,511,536]" name="Colombia" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="69B354AFFF81FF98FBFE43A012FCFDFE" box="[1071,1189,511,536]" name="Venezuela" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="69B354AFFF81FF98FB6343A012A0FDFE" box="[1202,1273,511,536]" name="Brazil" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="69B354AFFF81FF98FAD7405F1365FDF1" box="[1286,1340,512,535]" name="Peru" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="69B354AFFF81FF98FA9B43A013C4FDFE" box="[1354,1437,511,536]" name="Bolivia" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="753569CEFF81FF98FF4F407B1764FDDB" author="Endrodi" box="[158,317,548,573]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" refString="Endrodi, S. (1969) Monographie der Dynastinae. 4. Tribus: Pentodontini (Coleoptera, Lamellicornia). Entomologische Abhandlungen Museum fur Tierkunde, Dresden, 37, 1 - 145." type="journal article" year="1969">Endrödi 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="753569CEFF81FF98FE98407B1412FDDB" author="Ratcliffe" box="[329,587,548,573]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" refString="Ratcliffe, B. C. & Cave, R. D. (2006) The Dynastinae Scarab Beetles of Honduras, Nicaragua and El Salvador. Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum, 21, 1 - 424." type="journal article" year="2006">Ratcliffe & Cave 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="753569CEFF81FF98FD86407B1565FDDA" author="Ratcliffe" box="[599,828,548,573]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" refString="Ratcliffe, B. C., Cave, R. D. & Cano, E. B. (2013) The dynastine scarab beetles of Mexico, Guatemala, and Belize (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae). Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum, 27, 1 - 666." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Ratcliffe
|
||
<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF81FF98FD11407A14A8FDDB" box="[704,753,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and Lesser Antilles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="753569CEFF81FF98FBE9407B12ACFDDA" author="Peck" box="[1080,1269,548,573]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" refString="Peck, S. B., Thomas, M. C. & Turnbow, R. H. (2014) The diversity and distributions of the beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera) of the Guadeloupe Archipelago (Grande-Terre, Basse-Terre, La Desirade, Marie-Galante, Les Saintes, and Petite-Terre), Lesser Antilles. Insecta Mundi, 352, 1 - 156." type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Peck
|
||
<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF81FF98FBA9407A12E8FDDB" box="[1144,1201,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="69B354AFFF81FF98FAF7407B13CEFDDB" box="[1318,1431,548,573]" name="Colombia" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, it was found in seven departments, but it has been reported also in Antioquia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="753569CEFF81FF98FBC84018133AFD86" author="Restrepo-Giraldo" box="[1049,1379,583,608]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" refString="Restrepo-Giraldo, H., Moron, M. A., Vallejo, L. F. & Pardo, L. C. (2003) Catalogo de Coleoptera Melolonthidae (Scarabaeidae- Pleuristicti) de Colombia. Folia Entomologica Mexicana, 2 (42), 239 - 263." type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Restrepo-Giraldo
|
||
<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF81FF98FB3740161341FD86" box="[1254,1304,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and Chocó (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="753569CEFF81FF98FF3E403317E9FD63" author="Neita" box="[239,432,620,645]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" refString="Neita, J. C., Orozco, J. & Ratcliffe, B. C. (2006) Escarabajos (Scarabaeidae: Pleurosticti) de la selva baja del bosque pluvial tropical " bp-t ", Choco, Colombia. Acta Zoologica Mexicana (ns), 22, 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Neita
|
||
<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF81FF98FEE54032173CFD63" box="[308,357,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="111B143FFF81FF98FF1640D01593FCDE" blockId="31.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">
|
||
<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF81FF98FF1640D017DFFD4E" bold="true" box="[199,390,655,680]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Natural history.</emphasis>
|
||
The species was collected in forests, grasslands and crops of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D6A46FBCFF81FF98FB9540D0175FFD2A" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Colocasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sculenta">
|
||
<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF81FF98FB9540D01342FD4E" box="[1092,1307,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Colocasia sculenta</emphasis>
|
||
(Linnaeus) (Araceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
known as “Papachina”.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="753569CEFF81FF98FDCF40EB157CFD2A" box="[542,805,692,717]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" refString="Piedrahita, R., Pardo-Locarno, L. C. & Montoya-Lerma, J. (2007) Registro de Ligyrus ebenus de Geer (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae) en cultivos de papachina (Colocasia esculenta) en los departamentos de Choco y Valle del Cauca. Boletin del Museo de Entomologia de la Universidad del Valle, 8, 30 - 31." type="journal article">
|
||
Piedrahíta
|
||
<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF81FF98FD4940EA1492FD2B" box="[664,715,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2007)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported the species affecting the roots of this plant on the coasts of Chocó and Valle del Cauca.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="753569CEFF81FF98FDAD40881513FD16" box="[636,842,727,752]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" refString="Peck, S. B., Thomas, M. C. & Turnbow, R. H. (2014) The diversity and distributions of the beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera) of the Guadeloupe Archipelago (Grande-Terre, Basse-Terre, La Desirade, Marie-Galante, Les Saintes, and Petite-Terre), Lesser Antilles. Insecta Mundi, 352, 1 - 156." type="journal article">
|
||
Peck
|
||
<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF81FF98FD6A408614B7FD16" box="[699,750,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2014)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
indicated that adults are attracted to lights, and the larvae feed on small tubers of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D6A46FBCFF81FF98FDDA40A314F7FCF3" box="[523,686,764,789]" class="Liliopsida" family="Dioscoreaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Dioscoreaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D6A46FBCFF81FF98FD2140A315FCFCF3" box="[752,933,764,789]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Convolvulaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and may also damage gardens. Examined specimens were taken at
|
||
<quantity id="D65CB9DAFF81FF98FE7E417F141CFCD1" box="[431,581,799,824]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="0.1" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" unit="m" value="1100.0" valueMax="2100.0" valueMin="100.0">
|
||
100
|
||
<emphasis id="23D0C82DFF81FF98FE08414017BEFCDE" bold="true" box="[473,487,799,824]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">–</emphasis>
|
||
2,100 m
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, being most abundant in lowlands.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |