269 lines
30 KiB
XML
269 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.221.3234" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b6521187-a030-4b18-8f9d-f35084c9336a" ID-PMC="PMC3487634" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-221-31" ID-PubMed="23129980" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-221-31" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 221" ModsDocTitle="A revision of the Megachile subgenus Litomegachile Mitchell with an illustrated key and description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae, Megachilini)" checkinTime="1451248746570" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Bzdyk, Emily L." docDate="2012" docId="990D3256334A3B21589AFAC88936C92F" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 221: 31-61" docOrigin="ZooKeys 221" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.221.3234" docTitle="Megachile (Litomegachile) mendica Cresson 1878" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="45" masterDocId="CB68FFB2082C476FFFF5FFD7FFFB0B6B" masterDocTitle="A revision of the Megachile subgenus Litomegachile Mitchell with an illustrated key and description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae, Megachilini)" masterLastPageNumber="61" masterPageNumber="31" pageNumber="43" updateTime="1668154456179" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A revision of the Megachile subgenus Litomegachile Mitchell with an illustrated key and description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae, Megachilini)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bzdyk, Emily L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>221</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>31</mods:start>
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<mods:end>61</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.221.3234</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.221.3234</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-221-31</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037026" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:990D3256334A3B21589AFAC88936C92F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/990D3256334A3B21589AFAC88936C92F" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">
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<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Megachile_mendica" authority="Cresson, 1878" authorityName="Cresson" authorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile (Litomegachile) mendica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendica" subGenus="Litomegachile">Megachile (Litomegachile) mendica Cresson, 1878</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="43" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile mendica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendica">Megachile mendica</taxonomicName>
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Cresson, 1878: 126 Holotype female, USA: California (ANSP).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="43">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile mendica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendica">Megachile mendica</taxonomicName>
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closely resembles
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile gentilis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gentilis">Megachile gentilis</taxonomicName>
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. The females can be distinguished by difference in the T6 structure and pubescence color, and scopa color. Female
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile mendica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendica">Megachile mendica</taxonomicName>
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have a very straight T6 in profile, and slightly concave laterally in
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<pageBreakToken pageId="13" pageNumber="44" start="start">dorsal</pageBreakToken>
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view. The appressed pubescence on T6 is brownish in color. The scopa is yellowish, distinguishing it from other
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Litomegachile" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litomegachile" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Litomegachile</taxonomicName>
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females which have a pale ivory colored scopa. An exception is
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile pankus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pankus">Megachile pankus</taxonomicName>
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, which also has a yellow scopa, but it can be separated by its concave T6 in contrast with the straight T6 of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile mendica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendica">Megachile mendica</taxonomicName>
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. The male
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile mendica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendica">Megachile mendica</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile gentilis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gentilis">Megachile gentilis</taxonomicName>
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by the distance between punctures on T6.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile mendica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendica">Megachile mendica</taxonomicName>
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punctures occur roughly 0.25-0.5 the width of a puncture apart so that you can see the shiny discal surface in between (Figure 6D) Male
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile mendica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendica">Megachile mendica</taxonomicName>
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also lack the apical fringe of white hair on T2. Males of other species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Litomegachile" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litomegachile" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Litomegachile</taxonomicName>
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have a complete apical fringe of white hair on T2.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="44">Female. Body length11-13 mm. Mandible 4-toothed, with surface between teeth 3 and 4 angulate (Figure 4B). T2-4 with shallow transverse basal grooves. T1-5 with apical fringes of white hair that covers marginal zone; T1-2 with medially interrupted fringes of white hair. T1 with white discal pubescence; T2-5 with black discal pubescence. T6 straight in profile and slightly concave laterally in dorsal view; with brown appressed pubescence, without erect setae. S1-5 and 6 with yellow setae, S6 with black setae apically (Figure 5D).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="44">Male. Body length 8-10 mm. Mandible 3-toothed. Ocellocular distance less than ocelloccipital distance (Figure 4C) Head with white pubescence, vertex with black pubescence. Mesosoma with white pubescence, scutum with black pubescence. T1-2 pubescence white; T3-5 white pubescence basally, black pubescence apically. T2 without thin apical fringe of white hair (Figure 6K). T5 without complete white hair fringe that covers marginal zone; may have some hair laterally. T6 punctures separated; shiny discal surface visible between; with tomentum; transverse carina with a distinct medial notch (Figure 6D); true apical margin with median teeth closer to each other than to lateral teeth, or distances equal (Figure 6A). Genitalia and hidden sterna shown in Figures 7E1-E4.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="44" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="44">Distribution of material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="44">
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USA: Arkansas: Pulaski County (Sep.); Delaware: New Castle County; Florida:Alachua and Monroe Counties (Jul.-Aug.); Georgia: Liberty County (Jun.); Illinois: Cook County (Aug.); Kansas: Douglas County (Aug.); Kentucky: Wayne County (Jul.); Maryland: Anne Arundel and Montgomery Counties (Jul.-Sep.); Missouri: Lapeer County(Jul); Mississippi: Oktibbeha County (Jun.); North Carolina: Pender County (Sep.); New Jersey: Atlantic and Burlington Counties (May.-Aug.); New York: Kings and Westchester Counties(Aug.); Oklahoma: Marshall County (Apr.); South Carolina: Chesterfield County (Sep.); Texas: Maverick County (May); Virginia: Clarke, Loudoun, Page and Shenandoah
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<taxonomicName genus="Counties" lsidName="Counties" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" rank="genus">Counties</taxonomicName>
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(Jul.); West Virginia: Hampshire County (Jul.); Washington D.C. (Jun.-Oct.); 25 females, 42 males.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" type="ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="44">Ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="13" pageNumber="44">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile mendica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendica">Megachile mendica</taxonomicName>
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seems to be flexible in its choice of nesting sites across different habitats. When it nests in trap nests, it prefers a cavity diameter of around 8 mm, which is also preferred by
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile brevis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevis">Megachile brevis</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Baker, JR" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society" pageId="22" pageNumber="53" pagination="290 - 313" title="Nests and immature stages of leafcutter bees (Hymenoptera: Megachile)." volume="58" year="1985">Baker et al. 1985</bibRefCitation>
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). In Texas,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile mendica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendica">Megachile mendica</taxonomicName>
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was found to nest in sandy soil, and like
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile texana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="texana">Megachile texana</taxonomicName>
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, it will also excavate burrows in the soil (
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<bibRefCitation author="Williams, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society" pageId="22" pageNumber="53" pagination="588 - 597" title="Nesting behavior, nest architecture, and use of Dufour's gland lipids in nest provisioning by Megachile integra and M. mendica mendica (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)." volume="59" year="1986">Williams et al. 1986</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<bibRefCitation author="Krombein, KV" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Press, Washington DC" pageId="22" pageNumber="53" title="Trap-nesting wasps and bees: life histories, nests and associates." url="10.5962/bhl.title.46295" year="1967">Krombein (1967)</bibRefCitation>
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reared
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile mendica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendica">Megachile mendica</taxonomicName>
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from wooden block traps placed on limbs of pine oak and hickory. Generation number and times
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<pageBreakToken pageId="14" pageNumber="45" start="start">differed</pageBreakToken>
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based on the locality (
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<bibRefCitation author="Krombein, KV" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Press, Washington DC" pageId="22" pageNumber="53" title="Trap-nesting wasps and bees: life histories, nests and associates." url="10.5962/bhl.title.46295" year="1967">Krombein 1967</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<bibRefCitation author="Medler, JT" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="22" pageNumber="53" pagination="113 - 116" title="A note on Megachile mendica Cresson in trap nests in Wisconsin (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)." volume="67" year="1965">Medler (1965)</bibRefCitation>
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reared
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile mendica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendica">Megachile mendica</taxonomicName>
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at 21 degrees Celsius and found that they went from egg to mature larva in one week, spun a cocoon in one day, and took about 3 weeks for pupal development and adult emergence. An
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile mendica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendica">Megachile mendica</taxonomicName>
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larva was illustrated and described by
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<bibRefCitation author="Baker, JR" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society" pageId="22" pageNumber="53" pagination="290 - 313" title="Nests and immature stages of leafcutter bees (Hymenoptera: Megachile)." volume="58" year="1985">Baker et al. (1985)</bibRefCitation>
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. In addition to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Coelioxys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coelioxys" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Coelioxys</taxonomicName>
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sp. and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Leucospidae" genus="Leucospis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucospis affinis subsp. affinis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="affinis" subSpecies="affinis">Leucospis affinis affinis</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName family="Leucospidae" lsidName="" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="family">Leucospidae</taxonomicName>
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),
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile mendica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendica">Megachile mendica</taxonomicName>
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nests are known to be parasitized by the flies
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Anthrax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthrax irroratus subsp. irroratus" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="irroratus" subSpecies="irroratus">Anthrax irroratus irroratus</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName family="Bombyliidae" lsidName="" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="family">Bombyliidae</taxonomicName>
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) and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Megaselia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megaselia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Megaselia</taxonomicName>
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sp.(
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<taxonomicName family="Phoridae" lsidName="" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="family">Phoridae</taxonomicName>
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) (
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<bibRefCitation author="Baker, JR" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society" pageId="22" pageNumber="53" pagination="290 - 313" title="Nests and immature stages of leafcutter bees (Hymenoptera: Megachile)." volume="58" year="1985">Baker et al. 1985</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="45" type="flower records">
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="45">Flower records.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="45">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Amorpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Amorpha fruticosa" order="Fabales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fruticosa">Amorpha fruticosa</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName genus="Fabaceae" lsidName="Fabaceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
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),
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Aster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aster paniculatus" order="Asterales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paniculatus">Aster paniculatus</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName genus="Asteraceae" lsidName="Asteraceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
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),
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Balduina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Balduina" order="Asterales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Balduina</taxonomicName>
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angustifolia (
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<taxonomicName genus="Asteraceae" lsidName="Asteraceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
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),
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Bidens" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bidens alba" order="Asterales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alba">Bidens alba</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName genus="Asteraceae" lsidName="Asteraceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
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),
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Calamintha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Calamintha ashei" order="Lamiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ashei">Calamintha ashei</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName genus="Lamiaceae" lsidName="Lamiaceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Lamiaceae</taxonomicName>
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),
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Centaurea jacea" order="Asterales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jacea">Centaurea jacea</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName genus="Asteraceae" lsidName="Asteraceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
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),
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Cephalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cephalanthus occidentalis" order="Gentianales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="occidentalis">Cephalanthus occidentalis</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName genus="Rubiaceae" lsidName="Rubiaceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Rubiaceae</taxonomicName>
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),
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Chrysanthemum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Chrysanthemum leucanthemum" order="Asterales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leucanthemum">Chrysanthemum leucanthemum</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName genus="Asteraceae" lsidName="Asteraceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
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)
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Pityopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pityopsis graminifolia" order="Asterales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="graminifolia">Pityopsis graminifolia</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName genus="Asteraceae" lsidName="Asteraceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
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),
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Conoclinium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Conoclinium coelestinum" order="Asterales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coelestinum">Conoclinium coelestinum</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="Asteraceae" lsidName="Asteraceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Eupatoriadelphus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eupatoriadelphus maculatus" order="Asterales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="maculatus">Eupatoriadelphus maculatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="Asteraceae" lsidName="Asteraceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Flaveria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Flaveria linearis" order="Asterales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">Flaveria linearis</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="Asteraceae" lsidName="Asteraceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Helenium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Helenium amarum" order="Asterales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amarum">Helenium amarum</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="Asteraceae" lsidName="Asteraceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Helianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Helianthus divaricatus" order="Asterales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="divaricatus">Helianthus divaricatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="Asteraceae" lsidName="Asteraceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Helianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Helianthus tuberosus" order="Asterales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tuberosus">Helianthus tuberosus</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="Asteraceae" lsidName="Asteraceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Lavandula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lavandula dentata" order="Lamiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dentata">Lavandula dentata</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="Lamiaceae" lsidName="Lamiaceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Lamiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Medicago" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Medicago sativa" order="Fabales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sativa">Medicago sativa</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="Fabaceae" lsidName="Fabaceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Melilotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melilotus alba" order="Fabales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alba">Melilotus alba</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="Fabaceae" lsidName="Fabaceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Parthenocissus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Parthenocissus quinquefolia" order="Vitales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="quinquefolia">Parthenocissus quinquefolia</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="Vitaceae" lsidName="Vitaceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Vitaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Phaseolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Phaseolus" order="Fabales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Phaseolus</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. (
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="Fabaceae" lsidName="Fabaceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Psoralea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Psoralea floribunda" order="Fabales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="floribunda">Psoralea floribunda</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="Fabaceae" lsidName="Fabaceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Polygonum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Polygonum hydropiperoides" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hydropiperoides">Polygonum hydropiperoides</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="Polygonaceae" lsidName="Polygonaceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Polygonaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Rhus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rhus glabra" order="Sapindales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glabra">Rhus glabra</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="Anacardiaceae" lsidName="Anacardiaceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Anacardiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rubus" order="Rosales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Rubus</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. (
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="Rosaceae" lsidName="Rosaceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Silybum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Silybum" order="Asterales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Silybum</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. (
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="Asteraceae" lsidName="Asteraceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solidago serotina" order="Asterales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serotina">Solidago serotina</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="Asteraceae" lsidName="Asteraceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Tephrosia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tephrosia virginiana" order="Fabales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">Tephrosia virginiana</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="Fabaceae" lsidName="Fabaceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Vicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vicia floridana" order="Fabales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="floridana">Vicia floridana</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="Fabaceae" lsidName="Fabaceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="45" type="comments">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="45">Comments.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="45">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile mendica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendica">Megachile mendica</taxonomicName>
|
|
is distributed across North America south to Zacatecas, Mexico, though it was considered more of an eastern species by Mitchell (1934) (Figure 12).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption pageId="14" pageNumber="45">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="45">
|
|
Figure 12. Distribution of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile mendica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendica">Megachile mendica</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |