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<document id="15451A83F04ACA6B2E1BBDD3FD93ABFC" ID-DOI="10.24199/j.mmv.2004.61.1" ID-ISSN="1447-2554" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10665495" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1708004431046" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="OLoughlin, P. Mark &amp; Waters, Jonathan M." docDate="2004" docId="185387DDFFACFFAEFCB4E6C5FEA74F3B" docLanguage="en" docName="MemMusVictoria.61.1.1-40.pdf" docOrigin="Memoirs of Museum Victoria 61 (1)" docSource="https://museumsvictoria.com.au/collections-research/journals/memoirs-of-museum-victoria/volume-61-issue-1-2004/pages-1-40/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5B3B5C052A93BFEEE334AD6097A94E45.2:MemMusVictoria.2003-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="5B3B5C052A93BFEEE334AD6097A94E45" docStyleName="MemMusVictoria.2003-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Nepanthia , Gray 1840" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="25" masterDocId="E46AFFA5FFBAFFB6FF85E377FFC94846" masterDocTitle="A molecular and morphological revision of genera of Asterinidae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea)" masterLastPageNumber="40" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="23" updateTime="1711393779558" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="F80BF2ED6B3E4DC2519D1B426C629949">A molecular and morphological revision of genera of Asterinidae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="A4AD54F5445BD8E50D97BB7402B699FD">Honorary Associate, Marine Biology Section, Museum Victoria, GPO Box 666 E, Melbourne, Vic. 3001, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1EF1FBEBB4C1C0ECF13A6B5272D5C080">Waters, Jonathan M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C6939C52DEDF48BEA98F713E46B00BBB">Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="D8E06540FFACFFA0FCB4E6C5FC104D8E" box="[817,985,1458,1480]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="904536CBFFACFFA0FCB4E6C5FC104D8E" blockId="22.[817,985,1458,1480]" box="[817,985,1458,1480]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<heading id="CB0D81A7FFACFFA0FCB4E6C5FC104D8E" box="[817,985,1458,1480]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFACFFA0FCB4E6C5FC104D8E" ID-CoL="7PMCP" authority="Gray" authorityName=", Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[817,985,1458,1480]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFACFFA0FCB4E6C5FC564D8E" bold="true" box="[817,927,1458,1480]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Nepanthia</emphasis>
Gray
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D8E06540FFACFFA0FCBDE697FBF94DB0" box="[824,1072,1504,1526]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
<paragraph id="904536CBFFACFFA0FCBDE697FBF94DB0" blockId="22.[824,1072,1504,1526]" box="[824,1072,1504,1526]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<figureCitation id="08C12A4EFFACFFA0FCBDE697FC684DB0" box="[824,929,1504,1526]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[131,190,1653,1673]" captionTargetBox="[131,1452,222,1628]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Abactinal views of type species of Asterinidae genera. a, Anseropoda placenta (R = 31 mm, AM J10714). b, Aquilonastra cepheus (R = 12 mm, AM J8072). c, Asterina gibbosa (R = 16 mm, AM G11524). d, Asterinides folium (R = 19 mm, USNM E28573). e, Callopatiria granifera (R = 50 mm, NMV F98049). f, Cryptasterina pentagona (R = 11 mm, NMV F95959). g, Disasterina abnormalis (R = 22 mm, WAM Z6754). h, Indianastra sarasini (R = 20 mm, NMV F95802). i, Meridiastra atyphoida (R = 12 mm, AM J9909). j, Nepanthia maculata (R = 73 mm, AM J13918). k, Paranepanthia platydisca (R = 57 mm, holotype, USNM 32644). l, Parvulastra exigua (R = 11 mm, neotype, TM H508)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10665499" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10665499/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figures 2j</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="08C12A4EFFACFFA0FC29E697FC0A4DB0" box="[940,963,1504,1526]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[131,190,1736,1756]" captionTargetBox="[131,1451,222,1719]" captionTargetId="graphics-37@7.[276,1261,448,1587]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Abactinal views, with plates removed and cleared with bleach to show internal morphology. ab, Parvulastra dyscrita (R = 24 mm, TM H854): a, series of superambulacral plates linking ambulacral and actinal plates; b, superactinal plates linking abactinal and actinal plates to support the interradial margin. c, Meridiastra oriens (R = 28 mm, NMV F73468): margin supported by internal contiguous projections of abactinal and actinal plates (arrow), absence of superambulacral and superactinal plates. d, Patiria miniata (R = 65 mm, NMV F97444): multiple superactinal plate struts supporting interradial margin. e, Pseudonepanthia troughtoni (R = 85 mm, NMV F73013): series of superambulacral plates, and thick internal tisue lining. f, Nepanthia belcheri (R = 40 mm, NMV F95806): transactinal plates extending transversely across actinal inner ray, and thick internal tissue lining." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10665505" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10665505/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">4f</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="08C12A4EFFACFFA0FC4BE697FC214DB0" box="[974,1000,1504,1526]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="8.[139,198,1429,1449]" captionTargetBox="[137,1458,1069,1409]" captionTargetId="figure-373@8.[581,1012,1069,1409]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 6. Forms of abactinal fasciculate pedicellariae. a, Asterina ocellifera (BMNH 1969.12.16.13). b, Indianastra sarasini (WAM Z6836). c, Nepanthia belcheri (NMV F95805)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10665511" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10665511/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">6c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="08C12A4EFFACFFA0FC71E697FBF94DB0" box="[1012,1072,1504,1526]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="29.[131,190,935,955]" captionTargetBox="[131,1452,223,916]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figure 14. ac, Nepanthia pedicellaris (R = 23 mm, holotype, USNM 32643): a, cleared lower lateral ray, and distinct margin; b, abactinal spinelets; c, adambulacral and actinal plates and spines. d, Pseudonepanthia troughtoni (R = 55 mm, NMV F73977): cleared proximal lateral lower ray, margin, and ambulacrum. e, Pseudonepanthia nigrobrunnea (R = 85 mm, NMV F95810): cleared section of ray with single series of superambulacral plates (arrow), and absence of transactinal and superactinal plates. f, Pseudonepanthia gotoi (R = 70 mm, holotype, USNM 36899): internal cleared view of ambulacral plates, with series of superambulacral plates (arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10665529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10665529/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">14ac</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="904536CBFFACFFA0FCC9E57DFB2E4EE5" blockId="22.[817,1458,1546,1726]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B0EA11E5FFACFFA0FCC9E57DFB2E4EE5" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<treatmentCitation id="115B10DAFFACFFA0FCC9E57DFB904E58" author="Gray, J. E." box="[844,1113,1546,1566]" page="287" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="1840">
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFACFFA0FCC9E57DFB904E58" ID-CoL="7PMCP" authority="Gray, 1840: 287" authorityName=", Gray" authorityPageNumber="287" authorityYear="1840" box="[844,1113,1546,1566]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFACFFA0FCC9E57DFC634E58" box="[844,938,1546,1566]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Nepanthia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFACFFA0FC32E57DFB904E58" author="Gray, J. E." box="[951,1113,1546,1566]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="175 - 184" refId="ref35871" refString="Gray, J. E. 1840. A synopsis of the genera and species of the class Hypostoma (Asterias Linnaeus). Annals and Magazine of Natural History (1) 6: 175 - 184; 275 - 290." type="journal article" year="1840">Gray, 1840: 287</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="115B10DAFFACFFA0FBF0E57DFA9C4E58" author="Sladen, W. P." box="[1141,1365,1546,1566]" page="386" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="1889">
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFACFFA0FBF0E57DFA9C4E58" author="Sladen, W. P." box="[1141,1365,1546,1566]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 935" refId="ref37043" refString="Sladen, W. P. 1889. Asteroidea. Report on the scientific results of the voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Zoology 30: 1 - 935, 118 pls." type="book chapter" year="1889">Sladen, 1889: 386387</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="115B10DAFFACFFA0FAF5E57DFC5A4E7E" author="Verrill, A. E." page="480" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="1913">
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFACFFA0FAF5E57DFC5A4E7E" author="Verrill, A. E." pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="477 - 485" refId="ref37400" refString="Verrill, A. E. 1913. Revision of the genera of starfishes of the subfamily Asterininae. American Journal of Science (4) 35 (209): 477 - 485." type="journal article" year="1913">Verrill, 1913: 480</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="115B10DAFFACFFA0FC28E553FB4F4E7E" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[941,1158,1572,1592]" page="270" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="1940">
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFACFFA0FC28E553FB4F4E7E" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[941,1158,1572,1592]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="69 - 306" refId="ref35800" refString="Fisher, W. K. 1940. Asteroidea. Discovery Reports 20: 69 - 306, 23 pls." type="book chapter" year="1940">Fisher, 1940: 270271</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="115B10DAFFACFFA0FB25E553FAB24E7E" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[1184,1403,1572,1592]" page="451" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="1941">
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFACFFA0FB25E553FAB24E7E" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[1184,1403,1572,1592]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="447 - 456" refId="ref35821" refString="Fisher, W. K. 1941. A new genus of sea-stars (Plazaster) from Japan, with a note on the genus Parasterina. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 90: 447 - 456, figs 20 - 22, pls 66 - 70." type="journal article" year="1941">Fisher, 1941: 451155</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs, 2022, pl. 70 fig. 2.—
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFACFFA0FB83E548FACA4E15" author="Spencer, W. K. &amp; Wright, C. W." box="[1030,1283,1599,1619]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref37118" refString="Spencer, W. K., and Wright, C. W. 1966. Asterozoans. Pp. U 4 - U 107, 89 figs in: R. C. Moore (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press." type="book" year="1966">Spencer and Wright, 1966</bibRefCitation>
: U69.—
<treatmentCitation id="115B10DAFFACFFA0FAD4E548FC104E28" author="Rowe, F. W. E. &amp; Marsh, L. M." page="93" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="1982">
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFACFFA0FAD4E548FC104E28" author="Rowe, F. W. E. &amp; Marsh, L. M." pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="89 - 120" refId="ref36951" refString="Rowe, F. W. E., and Marsh, L. M. 1982. A revision of the asterinid genus Nepanthia Gray 1840 (Echinodermata: Asteroidea), with the description of three new species. Australian Museum Memoir 16: 89 - 120, figs 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="1982">Rowe and Marsh, 1982: 93</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—A.M.
<treatmentCitation id="115B10DAFFACFFA0FBB7E52DFB164E28" author="Clark, A. M." box="[1074,1247,1626,1646]" page="370" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="1983">
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFACFFA0FBB7E52DFB164E28" author="Clark, A. M." box="[1074,1247,1626,1646]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="359 - 380" refId="ref34913" refString="Clark, A. M. 1983. Notes on Atlantic and other Asteroidea. 3. The families Ganeriidae and Asterinidae, with description of a new asterinid genus. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Zoology) 45 (7): 359 - 380." type="journal article" year="1983">Clark, 1983: 370</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—A.M.
<treatmentCitation id="115B10DAFFACFFA0FAB2E52DFC9D4ECE" author="Clark, A. M." page="220" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFACFFA0FAB2E52DFC9D4ECE" author="Clark, A. M." pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="187 - 366" refId="ref34965" refString="Clark, A. M. 1993. An index of names of recent Asteroidea - Part 2: Valvatida. Echinoderm Studies 4: 187 - 366. Balkema: Rotterdam." type="journal article" year="1993">Clark, 1993: 220</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="115B10DAFFACFFA0FCEAE503FB7B4ECE" author="Liao, Y. &amp; Clark, A. M." box="[879,1202,1652,1672]" page="132" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="1995">
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFACFFA0FCEAE503FB7B4ECE" author="Liao, Y. &amp; Clark, A. M." box="[879,1202,1652,1672]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref36433" refString="Liao, Y. and Clark, A. M. 1995. T he echinoderms of southern China. 614 pp, 23 pls. Science Press: Beijing." type="book" year="1995">Liao and Clark, 1995: 132133</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="115B10DAFFACFFA0FB4BE503FA5F4ECE" author="Rowe, F. W. E. &amp; Gates, J." box="[1230,1430,1652,1672]" page="36" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="1995">
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFACFFA0FB4BE503FA5F4ECE" author="Rowe, F. W. E. &amp; Gates, J." box="[1230,1430,1652,1672]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1995" refId="ref36896" refString="Rowe, F. W. E., and Gates, J. 1995. Echinodermata. Pp. xiii + 510 in: Wells, A. (ed.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia 33. CSIRO: Melbourne. [as &quot; Rowe (1995) &quot; throughout paper]" type="book chapter" year="1995">Rowe, 1995: 3637</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.— McKnight (in Clark and McKnight), 2001: 158.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="904536CBFFACFFA0FCC9E5DDFB774EF8" blockId="22.[817,1458,1546,1726]" box="[844,1214,1706,1726]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B0EA11E5FFACFFA0FCC9E5DDFB774EF8" box="[844,1214,1706,1726]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<treatmentCitation id="115B10DAFFACFFA0FCC9E5DDFB734EF8" author="Perrier, E." box="[844,1210,1706,1726]" page="320" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="1875">
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFACFFA0FCC9E5DDFB734EF8" authority="Perrier, 1875: 320" authorityName="Perrier" authorityPageNumber="320" authorityYear="1875" box="[844,1210,1706,1726]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Nepanthia">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFACFFA0FCC9E5DDFC504EF8" box="[844,921,1706,1726]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Asterina</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFACFFA0FC23E5DDFBCD4EF8" box="[934,1028,1706,1726]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Nepanthia</emphasis>
)
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFACFFA0FB96E5DDFB734EF8" author="Perrier, E." box="[1043,1210,1706,1726]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref36872" refString="Perrier, E. 1875. Revision de la collection de stellerides du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. Paris. 384 pp." type="book" year="1875">Perrier, 1875: 320</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D8E06540FFACFFA1FCB7E5A3FD3F4CA4" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="904536CBFFACFFA1FCB7E5A3FD3F4CA4" blockId="22.[817,1457,1748,1916]" lastBlockId="23.[131,772,1111,1250]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFACFFA0FCB7E5A3FC514EAC" box="[818,920,1748,1770]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Rays 47, subcylindrical, to varying degrees flat actinally with distinct to slight marginal edge; plates on upper rays irregular in arrangement; secondary plates present; abactinal and actinal interradial plates with dense clusters of thick or thin glassy spinelets, frequently on spinelet-bearing elevations; pedicellariae present; glassy convexities on plates; inferomarginal plates projecting slightly; oblique series of actinal plates variably evident; furrow spines 6 and more per plate; actinal spines predominantly thin, glassy, sometimes sacciform; superambulacral, transactinal and superactinal plates present, embedded in interior resinous lining in most species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="C4856643FFADFFA1FF06E0D0FB9E4C4D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10665517" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10665517" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10665517/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" startId="23.[131,190,935,955]" targetBox="[129,1451,221,916]" targetPageId="23" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="904536CBFFADFFA1FF06E0D0FB9E4C4D" blockId="23.[131,1450,935,1035]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
Figure 9. ad,
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFADFFA1FE8CE0D0FE074BFD" baseAuthorityName="Muller and Troschel" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[265,462,935,955]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Aquilonastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cepheus">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFADFFA1FE8CE0D0FE074BFD" box="[265,462,935,955]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Aquilonastra cepheus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: a, cleared ray (R = 17 mm, NMV F95793); b, internal superambulacral (left arrow) and superactinal (right arrow) plates (R = 22 mm, WAM Z6778); c, cleared abactinal plates with some sacciform spinelets (R = 17 mm, NMV F95793); d, abactinal margin (R = 22 mm, WAM Z6778). e,
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFADFFA1FD87E0ABFD0A4BB6" baseAuthorityName="Goto" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[514,707,988,1008]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Aquilonastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="batheri">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFADFFA1FD87E0ABFD0A4BB6" box="[514,707,988,1008]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Aquilonastra batheri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(R = 19 mm, NMV F97441): abactinal carinal plates with tufts of spinelets. f,
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFADFFA1FF12E080FEAD4C4D" baseAuthorityName="Martens" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[151,356,1015,1035]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Aquilonastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="coronata">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFADFFA1FF12E080FEAD4C4D" box="[151,356,1015,1035]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Aquilonastra coronata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(R = 22 mm, NMV F95796): side of ray with paxilliform elevations on upper ray.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="D8E06540FFADFFA1FF06E78FFD714D6D" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="904536CBFFADFFA1FF06E78FFD714D6D" blockId="23.[131,771,1272,1323]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFADFFA1FF06E78FFEC44D48" box="[131,269,1272,1294]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<typeStatus id="4F418869FFADFFA1FF06E78FFF7B4D48" box="[131,178,1272,1294]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Type</typeStatus>
species.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFADFFA1FE93E78FFDAE4D48" authority="Gray, 1840" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[278,615,1272,1294]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="maculata">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFADFFA1FE93E78FFE214D48" box="[278,488,1272,1294]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Nepanthia maculata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFADFFA1FE77E78FFDAE4D48" author="Gray, J. E." box="[498,615,1272,1294]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="175 - 184" refId="ref35871" refString="Gray, J. E. 1840. A synopsis of the genera and species of the class Hypostoma (Asterias Linnaeus). Annals and Magazine of Natural History (1) 6: 175 - 184; 275 - 290." type="journal article" year="1840">Gray, 1840</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(restriction by
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFADFFA1FF06E662FEC34D6D" author="Perrier, E." box="[131,266,1301,1323]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref36872" refString="Perrier, E. 1875. Revision de la collection de stellerides du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. Paris. 384 pp." type="book" year="1875">Perrier, 1875</bibRefCitation>
; subsequent designation by
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFADFFA1FDADE662FD654D6D" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[552,684,1301,1323]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="477 - 485" refId="ref37400" refString="Verrill, A. E. 1913. Revision of the genera of starfishes of the subfamily Asterininae. American Journal of Science (4) 35 (209): 477 - 485." type="journal article" year="1913">Verrill, 1913</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D8E06540FFADFFA1FF06E648FCCD4DCF" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="taxon_list">
<paragraph id="904536CBFFADFFA1FF06E648FCCD4DCF" blockId="23.[131,772,1343,1417]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFADFFA1FF06E648FEC04D15" box="[131,265,1343,1363]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Other species.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFADFFA1FE94E648FDC14D15" authority="(Perrier, 1875)" baseAuthorityName="Perrier" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[273,520,1343,1363]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="belcheri">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFADFFA1FE94E648FEB14D15" box="[273,376,1343,1363]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">N. belcheri</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFADFFA1FE02E648FDC84D15" author="Perrier, E." box="[391,513,1343,1363]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref36872" refString="Perrier, E. 1875. Revision de la collection de stellerides du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. Paris. 384 pp." type="book" year="1875">Perrier, 1875</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(junior synonym:
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFADFFA1FD3CE648FE934D28" authority="H. L. Clark, 1938" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1938" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFADFFA1FD3CE648FF7C4D28" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">N. variabilis</emphasis>
H.L.
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFADFFA1FF68E62DFE934D28" author="Clark, H. L." box="[237,346,1370,1390]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 596" refId="ref35285" refString="Clark, H. L. 1938. Echinoderms from Australia. An account of collections made in 1929 and 1932. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 55: 1 - 596, 28 pls, 63 figs." type="book chapter" year="1938">Clark, 1938</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFADFFA1FEFAE62DFD924D28" author="Rowe, F. W. E. &amp; Marsh, L. M." box="[383,603,1370,1390]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="89 - 120" refId="ref36951" refString="Rowe, F. W. E., and Marsh, L. M. 1982. A revision of the asterinid genus Nepanthia Gray 1840 (Echinodermata: Asteroidea), with the description of three new species. Australian Museum Memoir 16: 89 - 120, figs 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="1982">Rowe and Marsh, 1982</bibRefCitation>
);
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFADFFA1FDE9E62DFF724DCF" authority="(Gray, 1847)" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1847" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="crassa">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFADFFA1FDE9E62DFD0A4D28" box="[620,707,1370,1390]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">N. crassa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFADFFA1FD55E62DFF7D4DCF" author="Gray, J. E." pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="72 - 83" refId="ref35914" refString="Gray, J. E. 1847. Description of some new genera and species of Asteriadae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1847 (15): 72 - 83." type="journal article" year="1847">Gray, 1847</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFADFFA1FF41E602FE3E4DCF" authority="Rowe and Marsh, 1982" authorityName="Rowe and Marsh" authorityYear="1982" box="[196,503,1397,1417]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fisheri">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFADFFA1FF41E602FED14DCF" box="[196,280,1397,1417]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">N. fisheri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFADFFA1FE9AE602FE3E4DCF" author="Rowe, F. W. E. &amp; Marsh, L. M." box="[287,503,1397,1417]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="89 - 120" refId="ref36951" refString="Rowe, F. W. E., and Marsh, L. M. 1982. A revision of the asterinid genus Nepanthia Gray 1840 (Echinodermata: Asteroidea), with the description of three new species. Australian Museum Memoir 16: 89 - 120, figs 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="1982">Rowe and Marsh, 1982</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFADFFA1FD85E602FCC94DCF" authority="Fisher, 1913" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1913" box="[512,768,1397,1417]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pedicellaris">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFADFFA1FD85E602FD4F4DCF" box="[512,646,1397,1417]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">N. pedicellaris</emphasis>
Fisher, 1913
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D8E06540FFADFFA1FF06E6EAFCCD4EE7" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="904536CBFFADFFA1FF06E6EAFF264DA0" blockId="23.[131,772,1437,1697]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFADFFA1FF06E6EAFE774DF7" box="[131,446,1437,1457]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
Material examined.
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFADFFA1FECEE6EAFE734DF7" baseAuthorityName="Perrier" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[331,442,1437,1457]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="belcheri">N. belcheri</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="20923C96FFADFFA1FE4EE6EAFF254D8D" collectionCode="NMV" collectorName="Magnetic I." location="Queensland" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" specimenCode="F97721" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Queensland">
<collectingRegion id="523EF829FFADFFA1FE4EE6EAFDF14DF7" box="[459,568,1437,1457]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Queensland</collectingRegion>
,
<collectorName id="3D0F531DFFADFFA1FDCFE6EAFD724DF7" box="[586,699,1437,1457]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Magnetic I.</collectorName>
,
<collectionCode id="F6EBAE0EFFADFFA1FD4BE6EAFCCA4DF7" box="[718,771,1437,1457]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="C05C9EB0FFADFFA1FF06E6C0FF004D8D" box="[131,201,1463,1483]" collectionCode="NMV" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="Museum">F97721</specimenCode>
(1)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="20923C96FFADFFA1FF7DE6C0FF224DA0" collectorName="Dampier, F &amp; Exmouth Gulf, F" location="Western Australia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Australia">
<collectingRegion id="523EF829FFADFFA1FF7DE6C0FE544D8D" box="[248,413,1463,1483]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
,
<collectorName id="3D0F531DFFADFFA1FE2DE6C0FDD94D8D" box="[424,528,1463,1483]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Dampier, F</collectorName>
95806 (1);
<collectorName id="3D0F531DFFADFFA1FDFCE6C0FF594DA0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Exmouth Gulf, F</collectorName>
95805 (1)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="904536CBFFADFFA1FF1BE69AFEDF4E5D" blockId="23.[131,772,1437,1697]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFADFFA1FF1BE69AFF374E47" box="[158,254,1517,1537]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFADFFA1FF1BE69AFF334E47" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[158,250,1517,1537]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="crassa">N. crassa</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="523EF829FFADFFA1FE83E69AFE644E47" box="[262,429,1517,1537]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
, Fremantle,
<collectionCode id="F6EBAE0EFFADFFA1FDA1E69AFD804E47" box="[548,585,1517,1537]" country="Australia" name="Australian Museum" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="Museum">AM</collectionCode>
J6165 (1); Ludlow Reef, J7418 (1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="904536CBFFADFFA1FF1BE555FE334E70" blockId="23.[131,772,1437,1697]" box="[158,506,1570,1590]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFADFFA1FF1BE555FF304E70" box="[158,249,1570,1590]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFADFFA1FF1BE555FF3F4E70" authorityName="Rowe and Marsh" authorityYear="1982" box="[158,246,1570,1590]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fisheri">N. fisheri</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Timor Sea,
<collectionCode id="F6EBAE0EFFADFFA1FEE2E555FE454E70" box="[359,396,1570,1590]" country="Australia" name="Australian Museum" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="Museum">AM</collectionCode>
J12649 (1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="904536CBFFADFFA1FF1BE54AFDFA4E2D" blockId="23.[131,772,1437,1697]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFADFFA1FF1BE54AFED54E17" box="[158,284,1597,1617]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFADFFA1FF1BE54AFED14E17" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[158,280,1597,1617]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="maculata">N. maculata</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="E8ED765BFFADFFA1FEADE54AFEB44E17" box="[296,381,1597,1617]" name="Australia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Australia</collectingCountry>
, Timor Sea,
<collectionCode id="F6EBAE0EFFADFFA1FD82E54AFDE54E17" box="[519,556,1597,1617]" country="Australia" name="Australian Museum" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="Museum">AM</collectionCode>
J13918 (2); Gulf of Carpentaria, J7404 (2); J10536 (1); J13063 (1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="904536CBFFADFFA1FF1BE505FD404EC0" blockId="23.[131,772,1437,1697]" box="[158,649,1650,1670]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFADFFA1FF1BE505FEE24EC0" box="[158,299,1650,1670]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFADFFA1FF1BE505FEEE4EC0" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1913" box="[158,295,1650,1670]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pedicellaris">N. pedicellaris</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="20923C96FFADFFA1FEB5E505FD404EC0" box="[304,649,1650,1670]" collectionCode="USNM" country="Philippines" location="Philippines" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" specimenCode="USNM 32643" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="4F418869FFADFFA1FEB5E505FE4E4EC0" box="[304,391,1650,1670]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
<collectingCountry id="E8ED765BFFADFFA1FE15E505FE314EC0" box="[400,504,1650,1670]" name="Philippines" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Philippines</collectingCountry>
,
<specimenCode id="C05C9EB0FFADFFA1FD87E505FD4F4EC0" box="[514,646,1650,1670]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="Museum">USNM 32643</specimenCode>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="904536CBFFADFFA1FF1BE5FAFCCD4EE7" blockId="23.[131,772,1437,1697]" box="[158,772,1677,1697]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFADFFA1FF1BE5FAFEDF4EE7" box="[158,278,1677,1697]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFADFFA1FF1BE5FAFEDB4EE7" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1938" box="[158,274,1677,1697]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="variabilis">N. variabilis</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="20923C96FFADFFA1FE9FE5FAFD174EE7" box="[282,734,1677,1697]" collectionCode="AM" location="Broome" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" specimenCode="J6187" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Australia" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="4F418869FFADFFA1FE9FE5FAFEBC4EE7" box="[282,373,1677,1697]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
<collectingRegion id="523EF829FFADFFA1FEF8E5FAFDE84EE7" box="[381,545,1677,1697]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="95256010FFADFFA1FDAFE5FAFDBC4EE7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:185387DDFFACFFAEFCB4E6C5FEA74F3B:95256010FFADFFA1FDAFE5FAFDBC4EE7" box="[554,629,1677,1697]" name="Broome" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" stateProvince="Western Australia">Broome</location>
,
<collectionCode id="F6EBAE0EFFADFFA1FDF8E5FAFD6B4EE7" box="[637,674,1677,1697]" country="Australia" name="Australian Museum" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="Museum">AM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="C05C9EB0FFADFFA1FD22E5FAFD174EE7" box="[679,734,1677,1697]" collectionCode="AM" country="Australia" name="Australian Museum" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="Museum">J6187</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
(4).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D8E06540FFADFFA1FF06E5C0FCAF4F49" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="description">
<paragraph id="904536CBFFADFFA1FF06E5C0FD2B4F3B" blockId="23.[131,771,1719,1917]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFADFFA1FF06E5C0FE304E8B" box="[131,505,1719,1741]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Description with species variations.</emphasis>
Rays 47, elongate, subcylindrical, equal or unequal lengths, tapering strongly (
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFADFFA1FD39E5A3FD354EAC" authorityName="Rowe and Marsh" authorityYear="1982" box="[700,764,1748,1770]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fisheri">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFADFFA1FD39E5A3FD354EAC" box="[700,764,1748,1770]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">fisheri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFADFFA1FF06E585FF324F4E" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1913" box="[131,251,1778,1800]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pedicellaris">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFADFFA1FF06E585FF324F4E" box="[131,251,1778,1800]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">pedicellaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or slightly; large (
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFADFFA1FE40E585FDEA4F4E" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[453,547,1778,1800]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="maculata">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFADFFA1FE40E585FDEA4F4E" box="[453,547,1778,1800]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">maculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
up to R =
<quantity id="57029B2EFFADFFA1FD12E586FD284F41" box="[663,737,1777,1799]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.4" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="94.0">94 mm</quantity>
) to small (
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFADFFA1FF4BE478FE8F4F63" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1913" box="[206,326,1807,1829]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pedicellaris">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFADFFA1FF4BE478FE8F4F63" box="[206,326,1807,1829]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">pedicellaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
up to R =
<quantity id="57029B2EFFADFFA1FE4EE478FDD54F63" box="[459,540,1807,1829]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="23.0">23 mm</quantity>
); integument variably evident; flat actinally, distinct to slight edge at margin; pedicellariae present, 2-valve (
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFADFFA1FE25E43DFD134F26" box="[416,730,1866,1888]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFADFFA1FE25E43DFE2A4F26" authorityName="Rowe and Marsh" authorityYear="1982" box="[416,483,1866,1888]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fisheri">fisheri</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFADFFA1FE77E43DFD9A4F26" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[498,595,1866,1888]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="maculata">maculata</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFADFFA1FDE7E43DFD134F26" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1913" box="[610,730,1866,1888]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pedicellaris">pedicellaris</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
) or multi-valve (
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFADFFA1FE82E410FE604F3B" box="[263,425,1895,1917]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFADFFA1FE82E410FE954F3B" baseAuthorityName="Perrier" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[263,348,1895,1917]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="belcheri">belcheri</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFADFFA1FEE2E410FE604F3B" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[359,425,1895,1917]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="crassa">crassa</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
); fissiparous (
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFADFFA1FDB8E410FD594F3B" baseAuthorityName="Perrier" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[573,656,1895,1917]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="belcheri">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFADFFA1FDB8E410FD594F3B" box="[573,656,1895,1917]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">belcheri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or not.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="904536CBFFADFFA1FCCCE720FAAD4DAC" blockId="23.[809,1449,1111,1808]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
Abactinal plates strongly imbricating, projecting proximal edge creating uneven surface, irregularly arranged on upper rays, in regular longitudinal sloping series on sides of rays; plates predominantly irregular in shape (
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFADFFA1FB64E7D8FAEA4C83" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[1249,1315,1199,1221]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="crassa">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFADFFA1FB64E7D8FAEA4C83" box="[1249,1315,1199,1221]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">crassa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or notched (
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFADFFA1FCB4E7BBFB764CA4" box="[817,1215,1228,1250]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFADFFA1FCB4E7BBFC4F4CA4" baseAuthorityName="Perrier" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[817,902,1228,1250]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="belcheri">belcheri</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFADFFA1FC15E7BBFC1A4CA4" authorityName="Rowe and Marsh" authorityYear="1982" box="[912,979,1228,1250]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fisheri">fisheri</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFADFFA1FC59E7BBFBF44CA4" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[988,1085,1228,1250]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="maculata">maculata</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFADFFA1FBC2E7BBFB764CA4" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1913" box="[1095,1215,1228,1250]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pedicellaris">pedicellaris</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
), with spinelet-bearing curved elevations above notch (
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFADFFA1FBEEE79DFA8B4D46" box="[1131,1346,1258,1280]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFADFFA1FBEEE79DFB094D46" baseAuthorityName="Perrier" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[1131,1216,1258,1280]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="belcheri">belcheri</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFADFFA1FB4FE79DFA8B4D46" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1913" box="[1226,1346,1258,1280]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pedicellaris">pedicellaris</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
) or raised ridges (
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFADFFA1FCF0E670FBD64D5B" box="[885,1055,1287,1309]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFADFFA1FCF0E670FC714D5B" authorityName="Rowe and Marsh" authorityYear="1982" box="[885,952,1287,1309]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fisheri">fisheri</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFADFFA1FC44E670FBD64D5B" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[961,1055,1287,1309]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="maculata">maculata</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
) or domes (
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFADFFA1FB1DE670FB134D5B" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[1176,1242,1287,1309]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="crassa">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFADFFA1FB1DE670FB134D5B" box="[1176,1242,1287,1309]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">crassa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), lower surface with glassy convexities; disc variably bordered; papulate areas extend to near margin; papular spaces with 12 large papulae and 18 secondary plates per space; spinelets thin, glassy, variably sacciform (
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFADFFA1FC52E60BFAD84DD4" box="[983,1297,1404,1426]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFADFFA1FC52E60BFBD34DD4" authorityName="Rowe and Marsh" authorityYear="1982" box="[983,1050,1404,1426]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fisheri">fisheri</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFADFFA1FBACE60BFB434DD4" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[1065,1162,1404,1426]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="maculata">maculata</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFADFFA1FB1CE60BFAD84DD4" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1913" box="[1177,1297,1404,1426]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pedicellaris">pedicellaris</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
), some splay-pointed distally (
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFADFFA1FC56E6EDFBBD4DF6" box="[979,1140,1434,1456]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFADFFA1FC56E6EDFBE14DF6" baseAuthorityName="Perrier" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[979,1064,1434,1456]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="belcheri">belcheri</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFADFFA1FBB7E6EDFBBD4DF6" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[1074,1140,1434,1456]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="crassa">crassa</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
), up to more than 40 per plate; variably regular superomarginal plates, inferomarginal series of plates project slightly at margin, covered with spinelets.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="904536CBFFADFFA1FCCCE686FC744E63" blockId="23.[809,1449,1111,1808]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Actinal plates with spine-bearing elevations, variably in oblique series.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="904536CBFFADFFA1FCCCE55BFA614EF1" blockId="23.[809,1449,1111,1808]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
Actinal spines per plate: oral 910; suboral about 1026, tall and short; furrow 610; subambulacral 620; complete series of adradial actinal spines; interradial actinal 46 or dense subpaxilliform clusters, glassy, thin (
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFADFFA1FB18E5F3FB394EDC" baseAuthorityName="Perrier" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[1181,1264,1668,1690]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="belcheri">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFADFFA1FB18E5F3FB394EDC" box="[1181,1264,1668,1690]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">belcheri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), thick and thin (
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFADFFA1FCB4E5D5FCBA4EFE" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[817,883,1698,1720]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="crassa">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFADFFA1FCB4E5D5FCBA4EFE" box="[817,883,1698,1720]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">crassa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), sometimes sacciform (
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFADFFA1FBE9E5D5FA534EFE" box="[1132,1434,1698,1720]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFADFFA1FBE9E5D5FB664EFE" authorityName="Rowe and Marsh" authorityYear="1982" box="[1132,1199,1698,1720]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fisheri">fisheri</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFADFFA1FB3DE5D5FAD04EFE" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[1208,1305,1698,1720]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="maculata">maculata</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFADFFA1FAA7E5D5FA534EFE" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1913" box="[1314,1434,1698,1720]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pedicellaris">pedicellaris</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="904536CBFFADFFA1FCCCE5C8FCAF4F49" blockId="23.[809,1449,1111,1808]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
Superambulacral, transactinal and superactinal plates present, embedded in internal resinous lining or not (
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFADFFA1FAD2E5ABFC9E4F56" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1913" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pedicellaris">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFADFFA1FAD2E5ABFC9E4F56" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">pedicellaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D8E06540FFADFFA1FCACE459FB7F4F38" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="904536CBFFADFFA1FCACE459FB7F4F38" blockId="23.[809,1449,1837,1918]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFADFFA1FCACE459FC6D4F02" box="[809,932,1838,1860]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Distribution</emphasis>
. N, S, E and W
<collectingCountry id="E8ED765BFFADFFA1FBC6E45AFB6B4F05" box="[1091,1186,1837,1859]" name="Australia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Australia</collectingCountry>
, Lord Howe I.,
<collectingCountry id="E8ED765BFFADFFA1FAC5E45AFA6C4F05" box="[1344,1445,1837,1859]" name="Indonesia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, Timor Sea, New
<collectingCountry id="E8ED765BFFADFFA1FC5AE43CFBE24F27" box="[991,1067,1867,1889]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Guinea</collectingCountry>
, W
<collectingCountry id="E8ED765BFFADFFA1FBDCE43CFB774F27" box="[1113,1214,1867,1889]" name="Indonesia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E8ED765BFFADFFA1FB4EE43CFA894F27" box="[1227,1344,1867,1889]" name="Philippines" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Philippines</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E8ED765BFFADFFA1FAC8E43CFA6C4F27" box="[1357,1445,1867,1889]" name="Vietnam" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E8ED765BFFADFFA1FCACE41FFCB84F38" box="[809,881,1896,1918]" name="Myanmar" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Burma</collectingCountry>
, Mergui Archipelago,
<quantity id="57029B2EFFADFFA1FBD0E41FFB7A4F38" box="[1109,1203,1896,1918]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.15" metricValueMax="12.3" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="61.5" valueMax="123.0" valueMin="0.0">
0
<specimenCount id="86FCFD42FFADFFA1FBF5E41FFB7A4F38" box="[1136,1203,1896,1918]" count="123" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="generic">123 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="C4856643FFA2FFAEFF0EE666FD6F4DA6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10665519" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10665519" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10665519/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" startId="24.[139,198,1297,1317]" targetBox="[137,1460,223,1271]" targetPageId="24" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="904536CBFFA2FFAEFF0EE666FD6F4DA6" blockId="24.[139,1458,1297,1504]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
Figure 10. ad,
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA2FFAEFE9AE665FE254D60" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[287,492,1298,1318]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Callopatiria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="granifera">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA2FFAEFE9AE665FE254D60" box="[287,492,1298,1318]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Callopatiria granifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(R = 50 mm, NMV F98049); a, mid-ray abactinal primary and secondary plates, spinelets and papulae; b, internal superambulacral (left arrow) and superactinal (right arrow) plates; c, cleared lower lateral ray, with marginal plates, glassy convexities, papulae and secondary plates; d, section through ray showing superactinal (left arrow) and superambulacral (right arrow) plates. e,
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA2FFAEFAC2E630FF3B4D30" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1875" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abnormalis">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA2FFAEFAC2E630FF3B4D30" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Disasterina abnormalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(R = 38 mm, WAM Z6749): integument-covered inferomarginal plate (arrow) with two distal sacciform spinelets. f,
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA2FFAEFAC2E615FF224DD6" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1938" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="longispina">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA2FFAEFAC2E615FF224DD6" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Disasterina longispina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(R = 20 mm, WAM Z6760): abactinal tip of ray, with margin and long upper ray spinelet (arrow). g,
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA2FFAEFB10E60BFAAA4DD6" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[1173,1379,1404,1424]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Meridiastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="atyphoida">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA2FFAEFB10E60BFAAA4DD6" box="[1173,1379,1404,1424]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Meridiastra atyphoida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(R = 12 mm, NMV F87166): minute abactinal conical spinelets. h,
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA2FFAEFD22E6E0FCA04DED" box="[679,873,1431,1451]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Meridiastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="occidens">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA2FFAEFD22E6E0FCA04DED" box="[679,873,1431,1451]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Meridiastra occidens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(R = 22 mm, NMV F73186): proximal actinal interradius, with oral spines. i,
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA2FFAEFE8EE6C5FE7E4D80" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[267,439,1458,1478]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Meridiastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gunnii">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA2FFAEFE8EE6C5FE7E4D80" box="[267,439,1458,1478]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Meridiastra gunnii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(R = 40 mm, NMV F73248): interradial margin supported by contiguous projections from abactinal and actinal plates, absence of superambulacral and superactinal plates.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="D8E06540FFA2FFAEFF0EE552FF074F63" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="904536CBFFA2FFAEFF0EE552FF074F63" blockId="24.[139,780,1573,1918]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA2FFAEFF0EE552FF2D4E7D" box="[139,228,1573,1595]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Remarks</emphasis>
. Molecular data are not available for any species of
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA2FFAEFF0EE535FF3C4E1E" authorityName=", Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[139,245,1602,1624]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA2FFAEFF0EE535FF3C4E1E" box="[139,245,1602,1624]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Nepanthia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and this review is based on a morphological examination. Six species previously assigned to
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA2FFAEFDF6E517FD144E30" authorityName=", Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[627,733,1632,1654]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA2FFAEFDF6E517FD144E30" box="[627,733,1632,1654]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Nepanthia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are removed to
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA2FFAEFE95E50AFE094ED5" authorityName="A. H. Clark" authorityYear="1916" box="[272,448,1661,1683]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Pseudonepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA2FFAEFE95E50AFE094ED5" box="[272,448,1661,1683]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Pseudonepanthia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The morphological characters which distinguish
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA2FFAEFECEE5EDFE7C4EF6" authorityName=", Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[331,437,1690,1712]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA2FFAEFECEE5EDFE7C4EF6" box="[331,437,1690,1712]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Nepanthia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA2FFAEFE7CE5EDFD604EF6" authorityName="A. H. Clark" authorityYear="1916" box="[505,681,1690,1712]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Pseudonepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA2FFAEFE7CE5EDFD604EF6" box="[505,681,1690,1712]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Pseudonepanthia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are: rays flat actinally, with a marginal edge; presence of secondary plates, pedicellariae and glassy convexities; furrow spines six and more per plate; presence of transactinal and superactinal plates.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D8E06540FFA2FFAEFF2EE45AFEA74F3B" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="904536CBFFA2FFAEFF2EE45AFEA74F3B" blockId="24.[139,780,1573,1918]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA2FFAEFF2EE45AFDD54F05" ID-CoL="46X66" authority="Fisher, 1913" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1913" box="[171,540,1837,1859]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pedicellaris">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA2FFAEFF2EE45AFE5C4F05" box="[171,405,1837,1859]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Nepanthia pedicellaris</emphasis>
Fisher, 1913
</taxonomicName>
was referred by
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA2FFAEFD49E45AFF064F26" author="Fisher, W. K." pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 712" refId="ref35760" refString="Fisher, W. K. 1919. Starfishes of the Philippine seas and adjacent waters. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 100 (3): i - xi, 1 - 712, 156 pls." type="book chapter" year="1919">Fisher (1919)</bibRefCitation>
to
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA2FFAEFF7FE43DFDC14F26" authority="Verrill, 1913" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1913" box="[250,520,1866,1888]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterinopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA2FFAEFF7FE43DFEBE4F26" box="[250,375,1866,1888]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Asterinopsis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA2FFAEFE07E43DFDC14F26" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[386,520,1866,1888]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="477 - 485" refId="ref37400" refString="Verrill, A. E. 1913. Revision of the genera of starfishes of the subfamily Asterininae. American Journal of Science (4) 35 (209): 477 - 485." type="journal article" year="1913">Verrill, 1913</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(a nomen dubium). We return it to
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA2FFAEFF7AE41FFEA04F38" ID-CoL="7PMCP" authorityName=", Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[255,361,1896,1918]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA2FFAEFF7AE41FFEA04F38" box="[255,361,1896,1918]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Nepanthia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>