treatments-xml/data/0E/E6/1D/0EE61D8D83F4529DA2F5731C42048371.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.92.22205" ID-PMC="PMC5799733" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-92-45" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FF87505DCC53DA6340454656A560FF82" ID-PubMed="29416411" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1166371" ModsDocID="1314-2003-92-45" checkinTime="1516042702086" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Sukhorukov, Alexander P., Nilova, Maya V., Erst, Andrey S., Kushunina, Maria, Baider, Claudia, Verloove, Filip, Salas-Pascual, Marcos, Belyaeva, Irina V., Krinitsina, Anastasiya A., Bruyns, Peter V. &amp; Klak, Cornelia" docDate="2018" docId="0EE61D8D83F4529DA2F5731C42048371" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 92: 45-88" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 92" docPubDate="2018-01-15" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.92.22205" docTitle="Sesuvium portulacastrum subsp. persoonii Sukhor. 2018, subsp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="FF87505DCC53DA6340454656A560FF82" lastPageNumber="71" masterDocId="FF87505DCC53DA6340454656A560FF82" masterDocTitle="Diagnostics, taxonomy, nomenclature and distribution of perennial Sesuvium (Aizoaceae) in Africa" masterLastPageNumber="88" masterPageNumber="45" pageNumber="67" updateTime="1668142185451" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Diagnostics, taxonomy, nomenclature and distribution of perennial Sesuvium (Aizoaceae) in Africa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Sukhorukov, Alexander P.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Higher Plants, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1 / 12, Moscow 119234, Russia</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">suchor@mail.ru</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Nilova, Maya V.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Higher Plants, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1 / 12, Moscow 119234, Russia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Erst, Andrey S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS, Zolotodolinskaya st. 101, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia &amp; Tomsk State University, Laboratory of Phylogeny and Systematics, Lenin st. 36, Tomsk 634050, Russia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kushunina, Maria</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Plant Physiology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1 / 12, Moscow 119234, Russia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Baider, Claudia</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>The Mauritius Herbarium, RE Vaughan Building, Agricultural Services, Ministry of Agro-Industry and Food Security, Reduit, 80835, Mauritius</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Verloove, Filip</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Botanic Garden of Meise, Nieuwelaan 38, B- 1860 Meise, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Salas-Pascual, Marcos</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Institute for Environmental Studies and Natural Resources (i-UNAT), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Belyaeva, Irina V.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW 9 3 AE, UK</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Krinitsina, Anastasiya A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0653-3655</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Higher Plants, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1 / 12, Moscow 119234, Russia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Bruyns, Peter V.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Bolus Herbarium, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rhodes Gift, 7707 South Africa</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Klak, Cornelia</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Bolus Herbarium, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rhodes Gift, 7707 South Africa</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2018-01-15</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>92</mods:number>
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<mods:start>45</mods:start>
<mods:end>88</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.92.22205</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.92.22205</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-92-45</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FF87505DCC53DA6340454656A560FF82</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1166371</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182225466" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0EE61D8D83F4529DA2F5731C42048371" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0EE61D8D83F4529DA2F5731C42048371" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="22" pageNumber="67">
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="67" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicName LSID="0EE61D8D-83F4-529D-A2F5-731C42048371" authority="Sukhor." authorityName="Sukhor." authorityYear="2018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aizoaceae" genus="Sesuvium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sesuvium portulacastrum subsp. persoonii" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="22" pageNumber="67" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="portulacastrum" status="subsp. nov." subSpecies="persoonii">
<pageBreakToken pageId="22" pageNumber="67" start="start">Sesuvium</pageBreakToken>
portulacastrum subsp. persoonii Sukhor.
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="22" pageNumber="67">subsp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="67" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicName authority="Sukhorukov &amp; Nilova &amp; Erst &amp; Kushunina &amp; Baider &amp; Verloove &amp; Salas-Pascual &amp; Belyaeva &amp; Krinitsina &amp; Bruyns &amp; Klak, 2018" authorityName="Sukhorukov &amp; Nilova &amp; Erst &amp; Kushunina &amp; Baider &amp; Verloove &amp; Salas-Pascual &amp; Belyaeva &amp; Krinitsina &amp; Bruyns &amp; Klak" authorityYear="2018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aizoaceae" genus="Sesuvium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sesuvium pedunculatum" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="22" pageNumber="67" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="pedunculatum" status="subsp. nov.">Sesuvium pedunculatum</taxonomicName>
sensu Sieber (in herb.) non Pers.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="67" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="67">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="67">
Differs from the autonymous subspecies by the absence of rampant ramification, clearly petiolate leaves (petioles 5-10 mm long) that are usually less than three times as long as wide (all blades including those of upper leaves ovoid or oblong, 20-40
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
10-15 mm) and 3-9 mm thick.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="67" type="holotype">
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="67">Holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="67">
Republic of Cape Verde, Sal Island, 2 km W of Santa Maria town,
<geoCoordinate degrees="16.590246" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="16.590246">16.590246</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="22.924272" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-22.924273">-22.924272</geoCoordinate>
, sandy depressions near the sea, 30 Aug 2015,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="67">A.P. Sukhorukov 59</emphasis>
(MW0595660! iso - BR, G, K).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="67" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="67">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="67">
Sprawling glabrous perennial herb (the shoots are often partially buried by sand and appear to be separate plants) with ramification not rampant; stems rooted or not, roundish, greenish or more often red (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Sesuvium portulacastrum subsp. persoonii: A general view of the plant (of red colour) in saline depressions near the seashore, together with the subshrub Arthrocaulon franzii B S. portulacastrum subsp. persoonii on the seashore dunes C closer look at an individual D close-up of the flower. Photographs by A. Sukhorukov (A-C Sal Island, Cape Verde, August 2015) and A. Konstantinova (D Sal Island, Cape Verde, January 2016)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.92.22205.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/179518" pageId="22" pageNumber="67">15A, B</figureCitation>
), 3-5 mm in diameter, ascendent (not creeping); leaves opposite, petiolate; petioles 5-10 mm, reddish or green, broadened basally, leaf blades oblong, 20-40 mm long (the leaves on the shortened shoots are smaller), 10-15 mm wide, 3-9 mm thick, entire, green or reddish (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Sesuvium portulacastrum subsp. persoonii: A general view of the plant (of red colour) in saline depressions near the seashore, together with the subshrub Arthrocaulon franzii B S. portulacastrum subsp. persoonii on the seashore dunes C closer look at an individual D close-up of the flower. Photographs by A. Sukhorukov (A-C Sal Island, Cape Verde, August 2015) and A. Konstantinova (D Sal Island, Cape Verde, January 2016)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.92.22205.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/179518" pageId="22" pageNumber="67">15C</figureCitation>
); flowers solitary in the leaf axils (each node bears one flower from one of the opposite leaves), ~10 mm in diameter, with two hyaline glabrous bracteoles; pedicels 3-5 mm, accrescent at fruiting stage up to 10(15-20) mm long; perianth bifid, apically acutish, green abaxially and pink adaxially (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Sesuvium portulacastrum subsp. persoonii: A general view of the plant (of red colour) in saline depressions near the seashore, together with the subshrub Arthrocaulon franzii B S. portulacastrum subsp. persoonii on the seashore dunes C closer look at an individual D close-up of the flower. Photographs by A. Sukhorukov (A-C Sal Island, Cape Verde, August 2015) and A. Konstantinova (D Sal Island, Cape Verde, January 2016)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.92.22205.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/179518" pageId="22" pageNumber="67">15D</figureCitation>
), without prominent red glands at the tip of the segments; stamens ~50, pink, slightly shorter than perianth, filaments 5 mm long, anthers 0.4-0.6 mm long; ovary turbinate, with (2)3-4 stigmas; seeds ~20, black, roundish, ~1 mm across, completely covered with a funicular aril; seed surface smooth or slightly uneven.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1166630" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.92.22205.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/179518" pageId="22" pageNumber="67" start="Figure 15" startId="F15">
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="67">Figure 15.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aizoaceae" genus="Sesuvium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sesuvium portulacastrum subsp. persoonii" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="22" pageNumber="67" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="portulacastrum" subSpecies="persoonii">Sesuvium portulacastrum subsp. persoonii</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="67">A</emphasis>
general view of the plant (of red colour) in saline depressions near the seashore, together with the subshrub
<taxonomicName authorityName="Piirainen &amp; G. Kadereit" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Sukhor." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Arthrocaulon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Arthrocaulon franzii" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="22" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="franzii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="67">Arthrocaulon franzii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="67">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Molluginaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. portulacastrum subsp. persoonii" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="22" pageNumber="67" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="portulacastrum" subSpecies="persoonii">S. portulacastrum subsp. persoonii</taxonomicName>
on the seashore dunes
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="67">C</emphasis>
closer look at an individual
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="67">D</emphasis>
close-up of the flower. Photographs by A. Sukhorukov (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="67">A-C</emphasis>
Sal Island, Cape Verde, August 2015) and A. Konstantinova (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="67">D</emphasis>
Sal Island, Cape Verde, January 2016).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="67" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="67">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="67">
The subspecies is named after Christiaan Hendrik Persoon (1761-1836), botanist and mycologist, who described several
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aizoaceae" genus="Sesuvium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sesuvium" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="22" pageNumber="67" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="67">Sesuvium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="67" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="67">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="67">Sandy beaches near the sea and seasonally flooded, saline plains on the landward side of the coastal dune belt.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="67" type="flowering and fruiting">
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="67">Flowering and fruiting.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="67">All year round, but most abundantly from September to May (at least in the Cape Verde Islands).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="22" pageNumber="67" type="taxonomic and nomenclatural notes">
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="67">Taxonomic and nomenclatural notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="67">
Franz Wilhelm Sieber labelled his
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aizoaceae" genus="Sesuvium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sesuvium" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="22" pageNumber="67" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="67">Sesuvium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collections from Senegal as
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Molluginaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. pedunculatum" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="22" pageNumber="67" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="pedunculatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="67">S. pedunculatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Pers. The use of this name for the African material is very confusing but explained here.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="67">
The name was published by
<bibRefCitation author="Persoon, CH" journalOrPublisher="Plant Systematics and Evolution" pageId="35" pageNumber="80" refId="B63" refString="Persoon, CH, 1806. Synopsis Plantarum: seu Enchiridium botanicum, complectens enumerationem systematicam specierum hucusque cognitarum, Vol. 2, part 1. Cramer, Paris." title="Synopsis Plantarum: seu Enchiridium botanicum, complectens enumerationem systematicam specierum hucusque cognitarum, Vol. 2, part 1. Cramer, Paris." year="1806">Persoon (1806)</bibRefCitation>
, who provided a very short diagnosis mentioning pedicellate flowers (not petiolate leaves!) and noted that the species originates from India. It is assumed that Persoon probably did not see the plant in the wild. A specimen was found in the De Candolle herbarium (G-DC) that contains three fragments of different origin: two fragments of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Molluginaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. portulacastrum" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="22" pageNumber="67" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="portulacastrum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="67">S. portulacastrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Caribbean and one fragment of
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sieber’s">Sieber's</normalizedToken>
collection from Senegal (1825) named
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Molluginaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. pedunculatum" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="22" pageNumber="67" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="pedunculatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="67">S. pedunculatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, the material kept at G-DC is not a type of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Molluginaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. pedunculatum" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="22" pageNumber="67" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="pedunculatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="67">S. pedunculatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but only one of the duplicates sent by Sieber to different herbaria.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="23" pageNumber="68">
<pageBreakToken pageId="23" pageNumber="68" start="start">In</pageBreakToken>
Leiden (L), where the largest collection of
<normalizedToken originalValue="Persoon’s">Persoon's</normalizedToken>
types is deposited, one sheet with two different plant fragments and without any information about their locality (L1693369) was found with the label &quot;
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sukhorukov &amp; Nilova &amp; Erst &amp; Kushunina &amp; Baider &amp; Verloove &amp; Salas-Pascual &amp; Belyaeva &amp; Krinitsina &amp; Bruyns &amp; Klak" authorityYear="2018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aizoaceae" genus="Sesuvium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sesuvium pedunculatum" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="23" pageNumber="68" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="pedunculatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="68">Sesuvium pedunculatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Lam.&quot; (!) (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. A specimen kept in Leiden (L 1693369) and probably seen by Persoon, containing both Sesuvium portulacastrum subsp. portulacastrum (right) and S. portulacastrum subsp. persoonii (left) from different locations (America and West Africa, respectively)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.92.22205.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/179519" pageId="23" pageNumber="68">16</figureCitation>
).
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lamarck’s">Lamarck's</normalizedToken>
authorship of this species is clearly wrong (see
<bibRefCitation author="Lamarck, JB" journalOrPublisher="Biochemistry (Moscow)" pageId="35" pageNumber="80" refId="B50" refString="Lamarck, JB, 1817. Encyclopedique Methodique. Botanique, Vol. 5 (Supplement). Agasse, Paris." title="Encyclopedique Methodique. Botanique, Vol. 5 (Supplement). Agasse, Paris." year="1817">Lamarck 1817</bibRefCitation>
: 141). The plant fragment on the left side of the herbarium sheet shows typical characteristics of the leaf shape found in
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Molluginaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. portulacastrum subsp. persoonii" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="23" pageNumber="68" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="portulacastrum" subSpecies="persoonii">S. portulacastrum subsp. persoonii</taxonomicName>
, but it is named by Ch. H. Persoon as
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Molluginaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. portulacastrum" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="23" pageNumber="68" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="portulacastrum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="68">S. portulacastrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The right fragment on the sheet belongs to the autonymous subspecies of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Molluginaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. portulacastrum" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="23" pageNumber="68" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="portulacastrum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="68">S. portulacastrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. According to
<normalizedToken originalValue="Persoon’s">Persoon's</normalizedToken>
identification, his new species (
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Molluginaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. pedunculatum" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="23" pageNumber="68" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="pedunculatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="68">S. pedunculatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Pers.) is indeed a synonym of the typical
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Molluginaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. portulacastrum" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="23" pageNumber="68" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="portulacastrum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="68">S. portulacastrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that has been recorded in India at least since the 17th century, probably as an alien species (BM, K and L).
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sukhorukov &amp; Nilova &amp; Erst &amp; Kushunina &amp; Baider &amp; Verloove &amp; Salas-Pascual &amp; Belyaeva &amp; Krinitsina &amp; Bruyns &amp; Klak" authorityYear="2018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aizoaceae" genus="Sesuvium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sesuvium pedunculatum" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="23" pageNumber="68" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="pedunculatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="68">Sesuvium pedunculatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was treated as a variety under
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Molluginaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. portulacastrum" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="23" pageNumber="68" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="portulacastrum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="68">S. portulacastrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Molluginaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. portulacastrum subsp. var. var. pedunculatum" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="23" pageNumber="68" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="variety" species="portulacastrum" subSpecies="var." variety="pedunculatum">S. portulacastrum var. pedunculatum</taxonomicName>
) by Cambessedes (in
<bibRefCitation author="Saint-Hilaire, A de" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="36" pageNumber="81" refId="B67" refString="Saint-Hilaire, A de, 1829. Flora Brasiliae Meridionalis, Vol. 2. Belin, Paris." title="Flora Brasiliae Meridionalis, Vol. 2. Belin, Paris." year="1829">Saint-Hilaire 1829</bibRefCitation>
), who described this variety from temperate South America (!) as &quot;les fleurs sont un peu plus grandes, et
<normalizedToken originalValue="portées">portees</normalizedToken>
sur des
<normalizedToken originalValue="pédoncules">pedoncules</normalizedToken>
longs de deux
<normalizedToken originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
trois lignes&quot; [the flowers are slightly larger, with the pedicels two to three lines long]. Furthermore, the synonymisation of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Molluginaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. pedunculatum" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="23" pageNumber="68" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="pedunculatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="68">S. pedunculatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Molluginaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. portulacastrum" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="23" pageNumber="68" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="portulacastrum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="68">S. portulacastrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is confirmed by reference of Persoon (
<bibRefCitation author="Persoon, CH" journalOrPublisher="Plant Systematics and Evolution" pageId="35" pageNumber="80" refId="B63" refString="Persoon, CH, 1806. Synopsis Plantarum: seu Enchiridium botanicum, complectens enumerationem systematicam specierum hucusque cognitarum, Vol. 2, part 1. Cramer, Paris." title="Synopsis Plantarum: seu Enchiridium botanicum, complectens enumerationem systematicam specierum hucusque cognitarum, Vol. 2, part 1. Cramer, Paris." year="1806">Persoon 1806</bibRefCitation>
) to the very clear drawing in
<bibRefCitation author="Lamarck, JB" journalOrPublisher="Biochemistry (Moscow)" pageId="35" pageNumber="80" refId="B49" refString="Lamarck, JB, 1793. Tableau encyclopedie et methodique des trois règnes de la nature. Botanique, Vol. 2. Panckoucke, Paris." title="Tableau encyclopedie et methodique des trois re ̀ gnes de la nature. Botanique, Vol. 2. Panckoucke, Paris." year="1793">Lamarck (1793)</bibRefCitation>
showing the shoot, flowers and fruits of typical
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Molluginaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. portulacastrum" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="23" pageNumber="68" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="portulacastrum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="68">S. portulacastrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This image in
<bibRefCitation author="Lamarck, JB" journalOrPublisher="Biochemistry (Moscow)" pageId="35" pageNumber="80" refId="B49" refString="Lamarck, JB, 1793. Tableau encyclopedie et methodique des trois règnes de la nature. Botanique, Vol. 2. Panckoucke, Paris." title="Tableau encyclopedie et methodique des trois re ̀ gnes de la nature. Botanique, Vol. 2. Panckoucke, Paris." year="1793">Lamarck (1793)</bibRefCitation>
<pageBreakToken pageId="24" pageNumber="69" start="start">was</pageBreakToken>
chosen as the lectotype of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Molluginaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. pedunculatum" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="24" pageNumber="69" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="pedunculatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="69">S. pedunculatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation author="Hartmann, HEK" journalOrPublisher="2: Flowering Plants, Dicotyledons: Magnoliid, Hamamelid and Caryophyllid Families. Springer, New York" pageId="34" pageNumber="79" refId="B34" refString="Hartmann, HEK, 2002. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants: Aizoaceae F-Z. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York." title="Illustrated handbook of succulent plants: Aizoaceae F-Z. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York." year="2002">Hartmann (2002)</bibRefCitation>
and it is treated by her as a synonym of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Molluginaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. portulacastrum" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="24" pageNumber="69" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="portulacastrum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="69">S. portulacastrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Her opinion was accepted by
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1600/036364417X694575" author="Bohley, K" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany" pageId="32" pageNumber="77" pagination="124 - 147" refId="B9" refString="Bohley, K, Winter, PJD, Kadereit, G, 2017. A revision of Sesuvium (Aizoaceae, Sesuvioideae). Systematic Botany 42 (1): 124 - 147, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1600/036364417X694575" title="A revision of Sesuvium (Aizoaceae, Sesuvioideae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1600/036364417X694575" volume="42" year="2017">Bohley et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
. The authors also agree with
<bibRefCitation author="Hartmann, HEK" journalOrPublisher="2: Flowering Plants, Dicotyledons: Magnoliid, Hamamelid and Caryophyllid Families. Springer, New York" pageId="34" pageNumber="79" refId="B34" refString="Hartmann, HEK, 2002. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants: Aizoaceae F-Z. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York." title="Illustrated handbook of succulent plants: Aizoaceae F-Z. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York." year="2002">Hartmann (2002)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1600/036364417X694575" author="Bohley, K" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany" pageId="32" pageNumber="77" pagination="124 - 147" refId="B9" refString="Bohley, K, Winter, PJD, Kadereit, G, 2017. A revision of Sesuvium (Aizoaceae, Sesuvioideae). Systematic Botany 42 (1): 124 - 147, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1600/036364417X694575" title="A revision of Sesuvium (Aizoaceae, Sesuvioideae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1600/036364417X694575" volume="42" year="2017">Bohley et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
about the merger of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Molluginaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. pedunculatum" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="24" pageNumber="69" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="pedunculatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="69">S. pedunculatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Molluginaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. portulacastrum" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="24" pageNumber="69" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="portulacastrum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="69">S. portulacastrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[
<taxonomicName authority="subsp. portulacastrum" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aizoaceae" genus="Sesuvium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sesuvium portulacastrum subsp. portulacastrum" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="24" pageNumber="69" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="portulacastrum" subSpecies="portulacastrum">Sesuvium portulacastrum subsp. portulacastrum</taxonomicName>
].
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1166632" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.92.22205.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/179519" pageId="24" pageNumber="69" start="Figure 16" startId="F16">
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="69">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="69">Figure 16.</emphasis>
A specimen kept in Leiden (L1693369) and probably seen by Persoon, containing both
<taxonomicName authority="subsp. portulacastrum" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aizoaceae" genus="Sesuvium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sesuvium portulacastrum subsp. portulacastrum" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="24" pageNumber="69" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="portulacastrum" subSpecies="portulacastrum">Sesuvium portulacastrum subsp. portulacastrum</taxonomicName>
(right) and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Molluginaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. portulacastrum subsp. persoonii" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="24" pageNumber="69" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="portulacastrum" subSpecies="persoonii">S. portulacastrum subsp. persoonii</taxonomicName>
(left) from different locations (America and West Africa, respectively).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="69">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aizoaceae" genus="Sesuvium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sesuvium portulacastrum subsp. persoonii" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="24" pageNumber="69" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="portulacastrum" subSpecies="persoonii">Sesuvium portulacastrum subsp. persoonii</taxonomicName>
is morphologically similar to
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Molluginaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. repens" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="24" pageNumber="69" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="repens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="69">S. repens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Willd., a species found in coastal areas of the Indian subcontinent (E! G! K!). Both species possess distinctly petiolate leaves, but the latter species has much smaller (usually up to 20 mm long) leaves and shortly pedicellate flowers (pedicels at fruiting stage up to 6 mm long).
<taxonomicName authorityName="L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10 (2): 1058" authorityYear="1759" baseAuthorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aizoaceae" genus="Sesuvium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sesuvium portulacastrum" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="24" pageNumber="69" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="portulacastrum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="69">Sesuvium portulacastrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
always has tapered leaves with indistinct petioles up to 3 mm long. Additionally, the leaf thickness in
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Molluginaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. portulacastrum subsp. persoonii" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="24" pageNumber="69" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="portulacastrum" subSpecies="persoonii">S. portulacastrum subsp. persoonii</taxonomicName>
varies from 3 to 9 mm and the leaves are especially thick (terete, almost roundish) in plants growing in saline depressions. In contrast to that,
<taxonomicName authority="subsp. portulacastrum" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Molluginaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. portulacastrum subsp. portulacastrum" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="24" pageNumber="69" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="portulacastrum" subSpecies="portulacastrum">S. portulacastrum subsp. portulacastrum</taxonomicName>
plants seen in the wild or in cultivation possess thinner (1.5-4 mm) leaves, in accordance with previous measurements (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1600/036364417X694575" author="Bohley, K" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany" pageId="32" pageNumber="77" pagination="124 - 147" refId="B9" refString="Bohley, K, Winter, PJD, Kadereit, G, 2017. A revision of Sesuvium (Aizoaceae, Sesuvioideae). Systematic Botany 42 (1): 124 - 147, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1600/036364417X694575" title="A revision of Sesuvium (Aizoaceae, Sesuvioideae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1600/036364417X694575" volume="42" year="2017">Bohley et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
). Besides, plants with clearly petiolate leaves (
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Molluginaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. repens" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="24" pageNumber="69" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="repens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="69">S. repens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Molluginaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. portulacastrum subsp. persoonii" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="24" pageNumber="69" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="portulacastrum" subSpecies="persoonii">S. portulacastrum subsp. persoonii</taxonomicName>
) have never been found in the Americas.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="69" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="69">Additional specimens examined</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="69">
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Distribution map of Sesuvium portulacastrum subsp. persoonii (circles) and S. verrucosum (stars)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.92.22205.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/179520" pageId="24" pageNumber="69">17</figureCitation>
).
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1934-10-19" collectingDateMax="2016-01-10" collectingDateMin="1934-10-19" collectorName="C. Bolle, M. Dinklage, A. Chevalier, A. Sukhorukov" country="CAPE VERDE" county="Sao Nicolau Island" latitude="15.981955" location="Island" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-22.83191" municipality="Branca" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Praia">
<collectingCountry name="Cape Verde">CAPE VERDE</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingCounty>
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Nicolau Island
</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingRegion country="Cape Verde" name="Praia">Praia</collectingRegion>
<collectingMunicipality>Branca</collectingMunicipality>
, 1851,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="69">
<collectorName>C. Bolle</collectorName>
s.n.
</emphasis>
(E00651990);
<collectingRegion country="Cape Verde" name="Sal">Sal</collectingRegion>
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0EE61D8D83F4529DA2F5731C42048371:94E02DCD2E5DD8819CF67DAB9CDB000C" country="CAPE VERDE" county="Sao Nicolau Island" latitude="15.981955" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-22.83191" municipality="Branca" name="Island" stateProvince="Praia">Island</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0EE61D8D83F4529DA2F5731C42048371:35FF24051B8556CB16105CE2433E124A" country="CAPE VERDE" county="Sao Nicolau Island" latitude="15.981955" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-22.83191" municipality="Branca" name="Santa Maria" stateProvince="Praia">Santa Maria</location>
,
<collectingDate value="1934-10-19">19 Oct 1934</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="69">
<collectorName>M. Dinklage</collectorName>
3192
</emphasis>
(BM, BR0000013828158);
<collectingRegion country="Cape Verde" name="Sal">Sal</collectingRegion>
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0EE61D8D83F4529DA2F5731C42048371:98ACCE46031C9AED5C737928FDBF768E" country="CAPE VERDE" county="Sao Nicolau Island" latitude="15.981955" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-22.83191" municipality="Branca" name="Island" stateProvince="Praia">Island</location>
, 1934,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="69">
<collectorName>A. Chevalier</collectorName>
44288
</emphasis>
(P04602231);
<collectingRegion country="Cape Verde" name="Boa Vista">Boa Vista</collectingRegion>
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0EE61D8D83F4529DA2F5731C42048371:8575023B135D8B80807672F0CCD6ABB1" country="CAPE VERDE" county="Sao Nicolau Island" latitude="15.981955" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-22.83191" municipality="Branca" name="Island" stateProvince="Praia">Island</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0EE61D8D83F4529DA2F5731C42048371:BD12A5BC67D02EC9C8FC4DD01EDB0773" country="CAPE VERDE" county="Sao Nicolau Island" latitude="15.981955" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-22.83191" municipality="Branca" name="Santa Monica" stateProvince="Praia">Santa Monica</location>
beach,
<geoCoordinate degrees="15.981955" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="15.981955">15.981955</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="22.831910" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-22.83191">-22.831910</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingDate value="2016-01-10">10 Jan 2016</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="69">
<collectorName>A. Sukhorukov</collectorName>
s.n.
</emphasis>
(MW)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1952-09" collectorName="D. S. Bertram" country="GAMBIA" location="Keneba" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Upper River Region">
<collectingCountry name="Gambia">GAMBIA</collectingCountry>
: [
<collectingRegion country="Gambia" name="Upper River">Upper River Region</collectingRegion>
]
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0EE61D8D83F4529DA2F5731C42048371:351FD49C18A668940B62D14E23E02A5B" country="GAMBIA" name="Keneba" stateProvince="Upper River Region">Keneba</location>
,
<collectingDate value="1952-09">Sep 1952</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="69">
<collectorName>D.S. Bertram</collectorName>
s.n
</emphasis>
. (K)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1997-04-15" collectorName="S. Domingos, Diniz, A. E. Goncalves" country="GUINEA-BISSAU" location="Candemba" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cacheu Region">
<collectingCountry name="Guinea-Bissau">GUINEA-BISSAU</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion country="Guinea-Bissau" name="Cacheu">Cacheu Region</collectingRegion>
,
<collectorName>S. Domingos</collectorName>
sector,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0EE61D8D83F4529DA2F5731C42048371:2196BBEAF2EA239E4D53E9DC75E0B58E" country="GUINEA-BISSAU" name="Candemba" stateProvince="Cacheu Region">Candemba</location>
,
<collectingDate value="1997-04-15">15 Apr 1997</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="69">
M.A.
<collectorName>Diniz</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName>
A.E.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gonçalves">Goncalves</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
1777
</emphasis>
(K)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1895-05-05" collectingDateMax="1908-04-12" collectingDateMin="1895-05-05" collectorName="E. Drake, A. Gruvel" country="MAURITANIA" county="Cape Arguin" location="Port Etienne" municipality="Dalmas" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Dakhlet Nouadhibou Region">
<collectingCountry name="Mauritania">MAURITANIA</collectingCountry>
: [
<collectingRegion country="Mauritania" name="Dakhlet Nouadhibou">Dakhlet Nouadhibou Region</collectingRegion>
]
<collectingCounty>Cape Arguin</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality>Dalmas</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingDate value="1895-05-05">5 May 1895</collectingDate>
, herb.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="69">
<collectorName>E. Drake</collectorName>
6
</emphasis>
(P04602228); Cansado, 1901,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="69">
<collectorName>A. Gruvel</collectorName>
s.n.
</emphasis>
(P04602226);
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0EE61D8D83F4529DA2F5731C42048371:10904AAF1DF387707E2C58B64564BC5C" country="MAURITANIA" county="Cape Arguin" municipality="Dalmas" name="Port Etienne" stateProvince="Dakhlet Nouadhibou Region">Port Etienne</location>
[Nouadhibou],
<collectingDate value="1908-04-12">12 Apr 1908</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="69">anonym s.n</emphasis>
. (P04602227)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1947-05-23" collectingDateMax="1984-11-14" collectingDateMin="1947-05-23" collectorName="A. Chevalier, J. T. Baldwin, J. D. Kesby, P. Bamps, J. Audru, P. Geissler" country="SENEGAL" county="Sieber" location="Perrotet" municipality="Sieber" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Dakar">
<collectingCountry name="Senegal">SENEGAL</collectingCountry>
: [without exact location] 1825,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="69">
<collectingCounty>Sieber</collectingCounty>
19
</emphasis>
(E000651984; G00660404; K; LE; M; P05196607); [without exact location and year]
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="69">
<collectingMunicipality>Sieber</collectingMunicipality>
112
</emphasis>
(LE); [without exact location] 1859,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="69">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0EE61D8D83F4529DA2F5731C42048371:FEB46721012C3D0417F44C46BDF18D93" country="SENEGAL" county="Sieber" municipality="Sieber" name="Perrotet" stateProvince="Dakar">Perrotet</location>
366
</emphasis>
(G);
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0EE61D8D83F4529DA2F5731C42048371:E17F02D7504D9B4CA6E4233193E58E96" country="SENEGAL" county="Sieber" municipality="Sieber" name="St. Louis" stateProvince="Dakar">St. Louis</location>
, 1902,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="69">
<collectorName>A. Chevalier</collectorName>
3469
</emphasis>
(P04602206);
<collectingRegion country="Senegal" name="Dakar">Dakar</collectingRegion>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0EE61D8D83F4529DA2F5731C42048371:AEA7A2E3D3C42E1437761349D830BFA9" country="SENEGAL" county="Sieber" municipality="Sieber" name="Hann" stateProvince="Dakar">Hann</location>
beach, common,
<collectingDate value="1947-05-23">23 May 1947</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="69">
<collectorName>J.T. Baldwin</collectorName>
5754
</emphasis>
(K);
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0EE61D8D83F4529DA2F5731C42048371:E042BFC327962252A2BD286A537DABA3" country="SENEGAL" county="Sieber" municipality="Sieber" name="St. Louis" stateProvince="Dakar">St. Louis</location>
,
<collectingDate value="1960-07-23">23 Jul 1960</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="69">
<collectorName>J.D. Kesby</collectorName>
20
</emphasis>
(K);
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0EE61D8D83F4529DA2F5731C42048371:BB0E3A3FAD6472F0132FE71C23B772E0" country="SENEGAL" county="Sieber" municipality="Sieber" name="St. Louis" stateProvince="Dakar">St. Louis</location>
,
<collectingDate value="1984-11-14">14 Nov 1984</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="69">
<collectorName>P. Bamps</collectorName>
7642
</emphasis>
(BR0000013827533); Poumekhor, saline depression, common,
<collectingDate value="1966-02-02">2 Feb 1966</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="69">
<collectorName>J. Audru</collectorName>
3200
</emphasis>
(P04602214); Joal-Fadiouth,
<collectingDate value="1973-06-25">25 Jun 1973</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="69">
<collectorName>P. Geissler</collectorName>
6538
</emphasis>
(G)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1166634" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.92.22205.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/179520" pageId="24" pageNumber="69" start="Figure 17" startId="F17">
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="69">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="69">Figure 17.</emphasis>
Distribution map of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aizoaceae" genus="Sesuvium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sesuvium portulacastrum subsp. persoonii" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="24" pageNumber="69" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="portulacastrum" subSpecies="persoonii">Sesuvium portulacastrum subsp. persoonii</taxonomicName>
(circles) and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Molluginaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. verrucosum" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="24" pageNumber="69" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="verrucosum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="69">S. verrucosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(stars).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="24" pageNumber="69" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="69">General distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="69">
The authors are still not sure whether this overlooked subspecies is native to West Africa. Plants with such habit are known from the seashores near Chennai, India (Anand Kumar, pers. comm., with an image sent to AS), but are not represented in any herbaria. One sheet from &quot;Peninsula Indiae Orientalis&quot; (herb.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="69">Wight 963</emphasis>
, L1693577) corresponds to the African specimens of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Molluginaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. portulacastrum subsp. persoonii" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="24" pageNumber="69" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="portulacastrum" subSpecies="persoonii">S. portulacastrum subsp. persoonii</taxonomicName>
(labelled as &quot;
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Molluginaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. portulacastrum" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="24" pageNumber="69" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="portulacastrum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="69">S. portulacastrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
var.&quot;) in leaf shape.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="24" pageNumber="69">
Reports of the occurrence and frequency of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Molluginaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. portulacastrum subsp. persoonii" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="24" pageNumber="69" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="portulacastrum" subSpecies="persoonii">S. portulacastrum subsp. persoonii</taxonomicName>
in West Africa until the early 20th century are inconsistent. The first reference for West Africa originates from
<bibRefCitation author="Forster, G" journalOrPublisher="Commentationes Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Gottingensis" pageId="33" pageNumber="78" pagination="46 - 74" refId="B22" refString="Forster, G, 1789. Plantae Atlanticae ex insulis Madeira, Sti Iacobi, Adscensionis, Stae Helenae et Fayal reportatae. Commentationes Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Gottingensis 9: 46 - 74" title="Plantae Atlanticae ex insulis Madeira, Sti Iacobi, Adscensionis, Stae Helenae et Fayal reportatae." volume="9" year="1789">Forster (1789</bibRefCitation>
, sub
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Molluginaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. portulacastrum" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="24" pageNumber="69" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="portulacastrum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="69">S. portulacastrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) who cited it for Santiago Island (Cape Verde Archipelago).
<bibRefCitation author="Schmidt, JA" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="36" pageNumber="81" refId="B69" refString="Schmidt, JA, 1852. Beitraege zur Flora der Cap Verdischen Inseln: mit Beruecksichtigung aller bis jetzt daselbst bekannten wildwachsenden und kultivierten Pflanzen: nach eigenen Untersuchungen und mit Benutzung der gewonnenen Resultate anderer Reisenden [Additions to the flora of Cape Verde Islands, with a consideration of all known native and cultivated plants based on the own investigations and results of other travelers]. Mohr, Heidelberg." title="Beitraege zur Flora der Cap Verdischen Inseln: mit Beruecksichtigung aller bis jetzt daselbst bekannten wildwachsenden und kultivierten Pflanzen: nach eigenen Untersuchungen und mit Benutzung der gewonnenen Resultate anderer Reisenden [Additions to the flora of Cape Verde Islands, with a consideration of all known native and cultivated plants based on the own investigations and results of other travelers]. Mohr, Heidelberg." year="1852">Schmidt (1852)</bibRefCitation>
thought that this record was
<pageBreakToken pageId="25" pageNumber="70" start="start">doubtful</pageBreakToken>
, because this plant was not mentioned by other travellers. However,
<bibRefCitation author="Hooker, WJ" journalOrPublisher="2. INEAC Publ., Brussels" pageId="34" pageNumber="79" refId="B39" refString="Hooker, WJ, 1849. Niger Flora; or, an enumeration of the plants of Western Tropical Africa. Bailliere, London." title="Niger Flora; or, an enumeration of the plants of Western Tropical Africa. Bailliere, London." year="1849">Hooker (1849)</bibRefCitation>
reported
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aizoaceae" genus="Sesuvium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sesuvium" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="25" pageNumber="70" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="70">Sesuvium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a common plant on seashores of the adjacent Senegal. F.W. Sieber was the first to collect the specimens of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Molluginaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. portulacastrum subsp. persoonii" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="25" pageNumber="70" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="portulacastrum" subSpecies="persoonii">S. portulacastrum subsp. persoonii</taxonomicName>
(collections from Senegal in early 19th century, identified as
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Molluginaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. pedunculatum" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="25" pageNumber="70" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="pedunculatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="70">S. pedunculatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Other specimens, named as
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Molluginaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. portulacastrum" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="25" pageNumber="70" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="portulacastrum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="70">S. portulacastrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and collected in mid-19th century in Cape Verde (
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Nicolau Island) and Senegal (without exact location), are stored in the herbaria E and G, respectively.
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aizoaceae" genus="Sesuvium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sesuvium portulacastrum subsp. persoonii" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="25" pageNumber="70" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="portulacastrum" subSpecies="persoonii">Sesuvium portulacastrum subsp. persoonii</taxonomicName>
(under the names
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Molluginaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. pedunculatum" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="25" pageNumber="70" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="pedunculatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="70">S. pedunculatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Molluginaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. portulacastrum" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="25" pageNumber="70" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="portulacastrum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="70">S. portulacastrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) had not been reported amongst the most common plants in the checklists for West African plants until the early 20th century (e.g.
<bibRefCitation author="Engler, A" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Botany" pageId="33" pageNumber="78" refId="B17" refString="Engler, A, 1910. Die Pflanzenwelt Afrikas insbesondere seiner tropischen Gebiete, Vol. 1, part 5. Wilhelm Engelmann Verlag, Leipzig." title="Die Pflanzenwelt Afrikas insbesondere seiner tropischen Gebiete, Vol. 1, part 5. Wilhelm Engelmann Verlag, Leipzig." year="1910">Engler 1910</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation author="Chevalier, A" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany" pageId="33" pageNumber="78" refId="B12" refString="Chevalier, A, 1920. Exploration botanique l'Afrique occidentale Francaise, Vol. 1. Paul Lechevallier, Paris." title="Exploration botanique l'Afrique occidentale Francaise, Vol. 1. Paul Lechevallier, Paris." year="1920">Chevalier (1920)</bibRefCitation>
cited
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aizoaceae" genus="Sesuvium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sesuvium portulacastrum subsp. persoonii" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="25" pageNumber="70" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="portulacastrum" subSpecies="persoonii">Sesuvium portulacastrum subsp. persoonii</taxonomicName>
(sub
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Molluginaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. portulacastrum" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="25" pageNumber="70" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="portulacastrum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="70">S. portulacastrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) for West Africa (Mauritania and Senegal), with subsequent records for Santiago and Sal Islands (Cape Verde), where it grows spontaneously on the seashores and in saline depressions (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3406/jatba.1935.5553" author="Chevalier, A" journalOrPublisher="Revue de botanique appliquee et d'agriculture coloniale" pageId="33" pageNumber="78" pagination="733 - 1090" refId="B13" refString="Chevalier, A, 1935. Les Iles du Cap Vert. Geographie, biogeographie, agriculture. Flore de l'Archipel. Revue de botanique appliquee et d'agriculture coloniale 15 (170): 733 - 1090, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3406/jatba.1935.5553" title="Les Iles du Cap Vert. Geographie, biogeographie, agriculture. Flore de l'Archipel." url="https://doi.org/10.3406/jatba.1935.5553" volume="15" year="1935">Chevalier 1935</bibRefCitation>
). M. Dinklage (collections from 1934, kept at BM!) noted the common and abundant
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aizoaceae" genus="Sesuvium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sesuvium" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="25" pageNumber="70" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="70">Sesuvium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
populations on sandy beaches in Santa Maria village (Sal Island, Cape Verde). Recently,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Molluginaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. portulacastrum subsp. persoonii" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="25" pageNumber="70" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="portulacastrum" subSpecies="persoonii">S. portulacastrum subsp. persoonii</taxonomicName>
has been reported for several islands of Cape Verde Archipelago: Boa
<pageBreakToken pageId="26" pageNumber="71" start="start">Vista</pageBreakToken>
, Mayo, Sal, Santiago and
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Vicente (
<bibRefCitation author="Gilli, A" journalOrPublisher="Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien" pageId="33" pageNumber="78" pagination="34 - 39" refId="B24" refString="Gilli, A, 1976. Die Veraenderung der Flora der Kapverdischen Inseln in den letzten 124 Jahren. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 115: 34 - 39" title="Die Veraenderung der Flora der Kapverdischen Inseln in den letzten 124 Jahren." volume="115" year="1976">Gilli 1976</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Goncalves, ML" editor="Paiva, J" journalOrPublisher="12. IICT &amp; INIDA, Lisbon &amp; Praia" pageId="34" pageNumber="79" pagination="1 - 17" refId="B31" refString="Goncalves, ML, 1995. Aizoaceae. In: Paiva, J, Martins, ES, Diniz, MA, Moreira, I, Gomes, I, Gomes, S, Eds., Flora de Cabo Verde, Vol. 12. IICT &amp; INIDA, Lisbon &amp; Praia: 1 - 17" title="Aizoaceae." volumeTitle="Flora de Cabo Verde, Vol." year="1995">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gonçalves">Goncalves</normalizedToken>
1995
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Arechavaleta, M" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="32" pageNumber="77" refId="B4" refString="Arechavaleta, M, Zurita, N, Marrero, MC, Martin, JL, 2005. (2005) Lista preliminar de especies silvestres de Cabo Verde (hongos, plantas y animales terrestres). Gobierno de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife." title="(2005) Lista preliminar de especies silvestres de Cabo Verde (hongos, plantas y animales terrestres). Gobierno de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife." year="2005">Arechavaleta et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
, all as
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Molluginaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. portulacastrum" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="26" pageNumber="71" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="portulacastrum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="71">S. portulacastrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="71">
All populations of perennial
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aizoaceae" genus="Sesuvium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sesuvium" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="26" pageNumber="71" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="71">Sesuvium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seen by the first author (AS) in Cape Verde belong to
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Molluginaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. portulacastrum subsp. persoonii" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="26" pageNumber="71" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="portulacastrum" subSpecies="persoonii">S. portulacastrum subsp. persoonii</taxonomicName>
. It is common at least in the southern part of Sal Island on the sandy beaches and seasonally flooded saline depressions by the seashores near Santa Maria and in pristine landscapes in Boa Vista (e.g., Santa Monica beach in the southern part of the island). In Sal Island,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Molluginaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. portulacastrum subsp. persoonii" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="26" pageNumber="71" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="portulacastrum" subSpecies="persoonii">S. portulacastrum subsp. persoonii</taxonomicName>
is often a characteristic species of such habitats together with other dominant plants of coastal communities, such as
<taxonomicName authorityName="Piirainen &amp; G. Kadereit" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Sukhor." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Arthrocaulon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Arthrocaulon franzii" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="26" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="franzii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="71">Arthrocaulon franzii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Sukhor.) Piirainen &amp; G.Kadereit (≡
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sukhor" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Arthrocnemum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Arthrocnemum franzii" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="26" pageNumber="71" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="franzii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="71">Arthrocnemum franzii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Sukhor.),
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chenopodiaceae" genus="Suaeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Suaeda vermiculata" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="26" pageNumber="71" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="vermiculata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="71">Suaeda vermiculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Forssk. ex J.F.Gmel.,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Beier &amp; Thulin" authorityYear="2003" baseAuthorityName="Webb &amp; Berthel." class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Zygophyllaceae" genus="Tetraena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tetraena fontanesii" order="Geraniales" pageId="26" pageNumber="71" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="fontanesii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="71">Tetraena fontanesii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Webb &amp; Berthel.) Beier &amp; Thulin (≡
<taxonomicName authorityName="Webb &amp; Berthel" authorityYear="1836" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Zygophyllaceae" genus="Zygophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Zygophyllum fontanesii" order="Geraniales" pageId="26" pageNumber="71" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="fontanesii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="71">Zygophyllum fontanesii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Webb &amp; Berthel.) and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Orobanchaceae" genus="Cistanche" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cistanche phelipaea" order="Scrophulariales" pageId="26" pageNumber="71" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="phelipaea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="71">Cistanche phelipaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) Cout. Based on the specimens seen, it is concluded that
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aizoaceae" genus="Sesuvium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sesuvium portulacastrum subsp. persoonii" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="26" pageNumber="71" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="portulacastrum" subSpecies="persoonii">Sesuvium portulacastrum subsp. persoonii</taxonomicName>
is present on the seashores and saline depressions in (semi)arid territories of West Africa (Cape Verde, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mauritania and Senegal) as a geographically separated form of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Molluginaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. portulacastrum" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="26" pageNumber="71" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="portulacastrum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="71">S. portulacastrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="71" type="conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="71">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aizoaceae" genus="Sesuvium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sesuvium portulacastrum subsp. persoonii" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="26" pageNumber="71" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="portulacastrum" subSpecies="persoonii">Sesuvium portulacastrum subsp. persoonii</taxonomicName>
is common on sandy inland plains on Sal and Boa Vista islands (Cape Verde). Herbarium labels refer to it as a very characteristic plant of seashore communities in Senegal. Currently the construction of new buildings close to the coast is drastically damaging the natural landscapes, especially on Cape Verde Archipelago (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12370" author="Romeiras, MM" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="36" pageNumber="81" pagination="413 - 425" refId="B66" refString="Romeiras, MM, Catarino, S, Gomes, I, Fernandes, C, Costa, JC, Cauape-Costells, J, Duarte, MC, 2016. IUCN Red List assessment of the Cape Verde endemic flora: towards a global strategy for plant conservation in Macaronesia. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 180 (3): 413 - 425, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12370" title="IUCN Red List assessment of the Cape Verde endemic flora: towards a global strategy for plant conservation in Macaronesia." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12370" volume="180" year="2016">Romeiras et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/23818107.2016.1185033" author="Sukhorukov, AP" journalOrPublisher="Botany Letters" pageId="36" pageNumber="81" pagination="237 - 250" refId="B75" refString="Sukhorukov, AP, Nilova, MV, 2016. A new species of Arthrocnemum (Salicornioideae: Chenopodiaceae - Amaranthaceae) from West Africa, with a revised characterization of the genus. Botany Letters 163 (3): 237 - 250, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23818107.2016.1185033" title="A new species of Arthrocnemum (Salicornioideae: Chenopodiaceae - Amaranthaceae) from West Africa, with a revised characterization of the genus." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/23818107.2016.1185033" volume="163" year="2016">Sukhorukov and Nilova 2016</bibRefCitation>
) and may negatively affect the number of populations. However, at present, as there is doubt about the origin of this new subspecies (if it is native to the region), it should not be assessed for the IUCN Red List until more data is available.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>