538 lines
72 KiB
XML
538 lines
72 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="AE28192F1DE70051CB9E1F455E0FB849">A review of the taxonomy and osteology of the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group (Anura: Microhylidae) from Madagascar, with comments on the value of volume rendering of micro-CT data to taxonomists</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="70B50F0DAE6076538C9F7088A3EB8075">Scherz, Mark D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C16C693BD8E0D866F3AE9ABBD58C1B0A">Hawlitschek, Oliver</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AA5305D6D8125717AF258B78A740D6A5">Andreone, Franco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D842EFAE7F8ED173E23C340CDE220136">Rakotoarison, Andolalao</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1897CF0BBDD8FBE18BDAFCE3B041627C">Vences, Miguel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="97EB87784768FBF6BE6435ECDDBC7B7D">Glaw, Frank</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="61BF828EEAA4F9582896040902E70B00">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="7B4EBEBE02D85DF32328D070A792992F">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A13527BD0CEA23926F4F4B77A36E570A">4273</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03DE3444FFF4FFEBD4D4FAEEFCE4F8D6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6039697" ID-GBIF-Taxon="131812313" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6039697" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DE3444FFF4FFEBD4D4FAEEFCE4F8D6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE3444FFF4FFEBD4D4FAEEFCE4F8D6" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="317" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">
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<subSubSection id="C36DD6D9FFF4FFF7D4D4FAEEFE28FA3A" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC88552FFF4FFF7D4D4FAEEFD90FAF1" blockId="12.[151,821,1353,1448]" box="[151,528,1353,1379]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">
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<heading id="D080323EFFF4FFF7D4D4FAEEFD90FAF1" bold="true" box="[151,528,1353,1379]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9035940FFF4FFF7D4D4FAEEFD90FAF1" bold="true" box="[151,528,1353,1379]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">
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<taxonomicName id="4C77FED1FFF4FFF7D4D4FAEEFE2AFAF1" ID-CoL="4SK5V" box="[151,426,1353,1379]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Rhombophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="regalis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9035940FFF4FFF7D4D4FAEEFE2AFAF1" bold="true" box="[151,426,1353,1379]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">Rhombophryne regalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A230E43BFFF4FFF7D5F1FAEEFD90FAF1" box="[434,528,1353,1379]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC88552FFF4FFF7D4D4FACCFE28FA3A" blockId="12.[151,821,1353,1448]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">
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Suggested common name: Regal saw-browed diamond frog (
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<figureCitation id="134C99D7FFF4FFF7D4DCFA28FF67FA3A" box="[159,231,1423,1448]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1697,1719]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,414,1675]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,414,1675]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Photographs of the holotypes of the species treated in this manuscript, in dorsal (top row) and ventral (bottom row) views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/803057/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">Figs 4</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134C99D7FFF4FFF7D4B0FA28FE83FA3A" box="[243,259,1423,1448]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1879,1901]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,949,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,949,1858]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Comparative morphology of the heads, feet, and hands of members of the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group. All specimens are the holotypes of their respective species, except R. coronata, which is paratype ZSM 694 / 2001. Asterisks indicate mirrored images. Not to scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/803059/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">5</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134C99D7FFF4FFF7D54CFA37FE9FFA3A" box="[271,287,1424,1448]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[180,1408,193,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[180,1408,193,1908]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Rhombophryne regalis sp. nov. in life, showing the holotype (MRSN A 4602) in (a) dorsal and (b) ventral view; paratype MRSN A 4603 in (c) dorsolateral and (d) ventral view; and (e) an individual from Ambolokopatrika in dorsolateral view (assignment to field and collection numbers unknown)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/803067/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">9</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134C99D7FFF4FFF7D568FA37FEC9FA3A" box="[299,329,1424,1448]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1056,1078]" captionTargetBox="[168,1418,207,1035]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[164,1422,193,1035]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Osteology of Rhombophryne regalis sp. nov. (MRSN A 4602). Full skeleton in (a) dorsal, (b) ventral, and (c) lateral view; skull in (d) dorsal, (e) ventral, and (f) lateral view. Abbreviations as in Fig. 7." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/803069/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">10</figureCitation>
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, S3–S7)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36DD6D9FFF4FFF7D4D4FA70FABAF936" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BC88552FFF4FFF7D4D4FA70FABAF936" blockId="12.[151,1437,1495,2025]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">
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<emphasis id="B9035940FFF4FFF7D4D4FA70FEEBFA62" bold="true" box="[151,363,1495,1520]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">Naming remarks.</emphasis>
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This species has frequently been referred to as
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<taxonomicName id="4C77FED1FFF4FFF7D7D5FA7FFBCFFA62" box="[918,1103,1496,1520]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Plethodontohyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9035940FFF4FFF7D7D5FA7FFBCFFA62" box="[918,1103,1496,1520]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">Plethodontohyla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(after 2008,
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<taxonomicName id="4C77FED1FFF4FFF7D0A4FA7FFA12FA62" box="[1255,1426,1496,1520]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Rhombophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9035940FFF4FFF7D0A4FA7FFA12FA62" box="[1255,1426,1496,1520]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">Rhombophryne</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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)
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<taxonomicName id="4C77FED1FFF4FFF7D4D4FA5BFEE5F986" box="[151,357,1532,1556]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Rhombophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="serratopalpebrosa">
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<emphasis id="B9035940FFF4FFF7D4D4FA5BFEE5F986" box="[151,357,1532,1556]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">serratopalpebrosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Vences & Glaw 2003;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE6F8A3FFF4FFF7D633FA5CFCE1F986" author="Glaw" box="[624,865,1531,1556]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" refString="Glaw, F. & Vences, M. (2007) A Field Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Madagascar. Vences & Glaw Verlags GbR, Koln, 496 pp." type="book" year="2007">Glaw & Vences 2007</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE6F8A3FFF4FFF7D72FFA5CFBEDF986" author="Wollenberg" box="[876,1133,1531,1556]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" refString="Wollenberg, K. C., Vieites, D. R., van der Meijden, A., Glaw, F., Cannatella, D. C. & Vences, M. (2008) Patterns of endemism and species richness in Malagasy cophyline frogs support a key role of mountainous areas for speciation. Evolution, 62, 1890 - 1907." type="journal article" year="2008">
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Wollenberg
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<emphasis id="B9035940FFF4FFF7D7B7FA5BFBABF986" box="[1012,1067,1532,1556]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">et al.</emphasis>
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2008
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE6F8A3FFF4FFF7D03BFA5CFAC7F986" author="Vieites" box="[1144,1351,1531,1556]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" refString="Vieites, D. R., Wollenberg, K. C., Andreone, F., Kohler, J., Glaw, F. & Vences, M. (2009) Vast underestimation of Madagascar's biodiversity evidenced by an integrative amphibian inventory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106, 8267 - 8272." type="journal article" year="2009">
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Vieites
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<emphasis id="B9035940FFF4FFF7D08FFA5BFA84F986" box="[1228,1284,1532,1556]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">et al.</emphasis>
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2009
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</bibRefCitation>
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). It was figured as such on page 119 of
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE6F8A3FFF4FFF7D648F9B8FC98F9AA" author="Glaw" box="[523,792,1567,1592]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" refString="Glaw, F. & Vences, M. (2007) A Field Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Madagascar. Vences & Glaw Verlags GbR, Koln, 496 pp." type="book" year="2007">Glaw & Vences (2007)</bibRefCitation>
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. We have referred to it as
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<emphasis id="B9035940FFF4FFF7D011F986FBEAF9AA" box="[1106,1130,1569,1592]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">R.</emphasis>
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sp.
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<taxonomicName id="4C77FED1FFF4FFF7D0DDF9B8FE04F9CE" authority="Scherz et al. 2015b" authorityName="Scherz et al." authorityYear="2015" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Rhombophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="serratopalpebrosa">
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aff.
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<emphasis id="B9035940FFF4FFF7D08DF987FA1CF9AA" box="[1230,1436,1568,1592]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">serratopalpebrosa</emphasis>
|
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(
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE6F8A3FFF4FFF7D4DDF9E4FEFCF9CE" author="Scherz" box="[158,380,1603,1628]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" refString="Scherz, M. D., Rakotoarison, A., Hawlitschek, O., Vences, M. & Glaw, F. (2015 b) Leaping towards a saltatorial lifestyle? An unusually long-legged new species of Rhombophryne (Anura, Microhylidae) from the Sorata massif in northern Madagascar. Zoosystematics and Evolution, 91, 105 - 114." type="journal article" year="2015" yearSuffix="b">
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Scherz
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<emphasis id="B9035940FFF4FFF7D4B0F9E3FEACF9CE" box="[243,300,1604,1628]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">et al.</emphasis>
|
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2015b
|
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</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis id="B9035940FFF4FFF7D5CCF9E3FE27F9C9" box="[399,423,1604,1627]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">R.</emphasis>
|
||
sp. ‘Ambolokopatrika’ (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6F8A3FFF4FFF7D6FFF9E4FC0AF9CE" author="Scherz" box="[700,906,1603,1628]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" refString="Scherz, M. D., Ruthensteiner, B., Vences, M. & Glaw, F. (2014) A new microhylid frog, genus Rhombophryne, from northeastern Madagascar, and a re-description of R. serratopalpebrosa using micro-computed tomography. Zootaxa, 3860 (6), 547 - 560." type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Scherz
|
||
<emphasis id="B9035940FFF4FFF7D753F9E3FCC8F9CE" box="[784,840,1604,1628]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6F8A3FFF4FFF7D7D6F9E4FC5CF9CE" author="Scherz" box="[917,988,1603,1628]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" refString="Scherz, M. D., Ruthensteiner, B., Vieites, D. R., Vences, M. & Glaw, F. (2015 a) Two new microhylid frogs of the genus Rhombophryne with superciliary spines from the Tsaratanana Massif in northern Madagascar. Herpetologica, 71, 310 - 321." type="journal article" year="2015" yearSuffix="a">2015a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6F8A3FFF4FFF7D7ABF9E4FBAEF9CE" author="Scherz" box="[1000,1070,1603,1628]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" refString="Scherz, M. D., Glaw, F., Vences, M., Andreone, F. & Crottini, A. (2016 a) Two new species of terrestrial microhylid frogs (Microhylidae: Cophylinae: Rhombophryne) from northeastern Madagascar. Salamandra, 52, 91 - 106." type="journal article" year="2016" yearSuffix="a">2016a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6F8A3FFF4FFF7D079F9E4FA9AF9CE" author="Lambert" box="[1082,1306,1603,1628]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" refString="Lambert, S. M., Hutter, C. R. & Scherz, M. D. (2017) Diamond in the rough: a new species of fossorial diamond frog (Rhombophryne) from Ranomafana National Park, southeastern Madagascar. Zoosystematics and Evolution, 93, 143 - 155. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zse. 93.10188" type="journal article" year="2017">
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||
Lambert
|
||
<emphasis id="B9035940FFF4FFF7D0E3F9E3FB50F9CE" box="[1184,1232,1604,1628]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9035940FFF4FFF7D11EF9E3FAF5F9C9" box="[1373,1397,1604,1627]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">R.</emphasis>
|
||
sp. CaNEW Ambolokopatrika (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6F8A3FFF4FFF7D596F9C0FD3AF912" author="Scherz" box="[469,698,1639,1664]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" refString="Scherz, M. D., Vences, M., Rakotoarison, A., Andreone, F., Kohler, J., Glaw, F. & Crottini, A. (2016 b) Reconciling molecular phylogeny, morphological divergence and classification of Madagascan narrow-mouthed frogs (Amphibia: Microhylidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 100, 372 - 381." type="journal article" year="2016" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Scherz
|
||
<emphasis id="B9035940FFF4FFF7D66FF9CEFDE7F912" box="[556,615,1640,1664]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We consider it likely that some records from COMATSA (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6F8A3FFF4FFF7D4D4F92CFE26F936" author="Rabearivony" box="[151,422,1675,1700]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" refString="Rabearivony, J., Rasamoelina, M., Raveloson, J., Rakotomanana, H., Raselimanana, A. P., Raminosoa, N. R. & Zaonarivelo, J. R. (2015) Roles of a forest corridor between Marojejy, Anjanaharibe-Sud and Tsaratanana protected areas, northern Madagascar, in maintaining endemic and threatened Malagasy taxa. Madagascar Conservation & Development, 10, 85 - 92." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Rabearivony
|
||
<emphasis id="B9035940FFF4FFF7D56EF92BFEE5F936" box="[301,357,1676,1700]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) refer to this species, but specimens and DNA samples are required to verify this.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36DD6D9FFF4FFF6D484F908FD8AFF47" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="314" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC88552FFF4FFF7D484F908FABFF882" blockId="12.[151,1437,1495,2025]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B1F8F0FFFF4FFF7D484F908FABFF882" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1563404818" collectingDate="1997-12-13" collectionCode="MRSN" collectorName="F. Andreone & J. E. Randrianirina & G. Aprea & Camp & Antsinjorano'" country="Madagascar" county="Figs" elevation="980" latitude="-14.5433" location="Ambolokopatrika-Betaolana Forest" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="49.43" municipality="Sava Region" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9035940FFF4FFF7D484F908FEBBF95A" bold="true" box="[199,315,1711,1736]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CC3BF0FFF4FFF7D484F908FEB6F95A" box="[199,310,1711,1736]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED661D97FFF4FFF7D508F917FE1AF95A" box="[331,410,1712,1736]" country="Italy" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15721" name="Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">MRSN</collectionCode>
|
||
A4602 (FN 7292), adult male, captured
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF8D5A7AFFF4FFF7D7E7F917FB0BF95A" box="[932,1163,1711,1736]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" value="1997-12-13">
|
||
<date id="FFC9A392FFF4FFF7D7E7F917FB0BF95A" box="[932,1163,1711,1736]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" value="1997-12-13">13 December 1997</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
by
|
||
<collectorName id="2682E084FFF4FFF7D08BF917FADDF95A" box="[1224,1373,1711,1736]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">F. Andreone</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="2682E084FFF4FFF7D131F917FEB4F97E" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">J.E. Randrianirina</collectorName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectorName id="2682E084FFF4FFF7D537F973FE5BF97E" box="[372,475,1748,1772]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">G. Aprea</collectorName>
|
||
at
|
||
<collectorName id="2682E084FFF4FFF7D640F973FDC6F97E" box="[515,582,1748,1772]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">Camp</collectorName>
|
||
3 of
|
||
<location id="8EA8D389FFF4FFF7D6CAF974FB9BF979" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DE3444FFF4FFEBD4D4FAEEFCE4F8D6:8EA8D389FFF4FFF7D6CAF974FB9BF979" box="[649,1051,1747,1772]" country="Madagascar" county="Figs" latitude="-14.5433" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="49.43" municipality="Sava Region" name="Ambolokopatrika-Betaolana Forest" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">Ambolokopatrika-Betaolana Forest</location>
|
||
, locally known as ‘
|
||
<collectorName id="2682E084FFF4FFF7D0B8F974FA1CF97E" box="[1275,1436,1747,1772]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">Antsinjorano’</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE43E395FFF4FFF7D4DCF950FE98F882" box="[159,280,1783,1808]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" precision="5" value="-14.5433">14.5433°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE43E395FFF4FFF7D567F95FFE20F882" box="[292,416,1784,1808]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" precision="5" value="49.43">49.4300°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), around
|
||
<elevation id="005A6261FFF4FFF7D644F95FFD0BF882" box="[519,651,1783,1808]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.8" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" unit="m" value="980.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4C8F28B7FFF4FFF7D644F95FFDCEF89D" box="[519,590,1784,1808]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.8" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" unit="m" value="980.0">980 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
, in the
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BAC1F28FFF4FFF7D69EF95FFCEFF882" box="[733,879,1783,1808]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">Sava Region</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F360C5C2FFF4FFF7D048F950FB12F882" box="[1035,1170,1783,1808]" name="Madagascar" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C99D7FFF4FFF7D0E2F950FB6AF882" box="[1185,1258,1783,1808]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1697,1719]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,414,1675]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,414,1675]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Photographs of the holotypes of the species treated in this manuscript, in dorsal (top row) and ventral (bottom row) views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/803057/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62A9FDDEFFF4FFF7D0E2F950FB53F882" box="[1185,1235,1783,1808]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">Figs</collectingCounty>
|
||
4
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C99D7FFF4FFF7D0B5F950FA86F882" box="[1270,1286,1783,1808]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1879,1901]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,949,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,949,1858]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Comparative morphology of the heads, feet, and hands of members of the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group. All specimens are the holotypes of their respective species, except R. coronata, which is paratype ZSM 694 / 2001. Asterisks indicate mirrored images. Not to scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/803059/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">5</figureCitation>
|
||
, S3).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC88552FFF4FFF7D484F8BCFA1CF87A" blockId="12.[151,1437,1495,2025]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9035940FFF4FFF7D484F8BCFEC6F8A6" bold="true" box="[199,326,1819,1844]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">Paratypes.</emphasis>
|
||
MRSN A4603 (FN 7146), adult female, same collection data as the holotype;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B1F8F0FFFF4FFF7D0ADF8BBFE65F832" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1563404816" collectingDate="1997-12-06" collectionCode="MRSN" collectorName="F. Andreone & J. E. Randrianirina & G. Aprea" county="Andranomadio'" elevation="860" latitude="-14.54" location="Camp" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="49.4383" municipality="Ambolokopatrika-Betaolana Forest" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED661D97FFF4FFF7D0ADF8BBFABDF8A6" box="[1262,1341,1820,1844]" country="Italy" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15721" name="Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">MRSN</collectionCode>
|
||
A4619, subadult, and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED661D97FFF4FFF7D576F8E7FE04F8CA" box="[309,388,1856,1880]" country="Italy" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15721" name="Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">MRSN</collectionCode>
|
||
A4620, adult female, collected
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF8D5A7AFFF4FFF7D6AEF898FC36F8CA" box="[749,950,1855,1880]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" value="1997-12-06">
|
||
<date id="FFC9A392FFF4FFF7D6AEF898FC36F8CA" box="[749,950,1855,1880]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" value="1997-12-06">6 December 1997</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
by
|
||
<collectorName id="2682E084FFF4FFF7D7A2F8E7FBEEF8CA" box="[993,1134,1855,1880]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">F. Andreone</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="2682E084FFF4FFF7D039F8E7FAC9F8CA" box="[1146,1353,1855,1880]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">J.E. Randrianirina</collectorName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectorName id="2682E084FFF4FFF7D1C7F8E7FF5CF8EE" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">G. Aprea</collectorName>
|
||
at
|
||
<location id="8EA8D389FFF4FFF7D557F8C3FED7F8EE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DE3444FFF4FFEBD4D4FAEEFCE4F8D6:8EA8D389FFF4FFF7D557F8C3FED7F8EE" box="[276,343,1892,1916]" county="Andranomadio'" latitude="-14.54" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="49.4383" municipality="Ambolokopatrika-Betaolana Forest" name="Camp" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">Camp</location>
|
||
2 of
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BAC1F28FFF4FFF7D5F0F8C4FCCDF8E9" box="[435,845,1891,1916]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">Ambolokopatrika-Betaolana Forest</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, locally known as ‘
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62A9FDDEFFF4FFF7D00EF8C4FA83F8EE" box="[1101,1283,1891,1916]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">Andranomadio’</collectingCounty>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE43E395FFF4FFF7D15DF8C4FA17F8EE" box="[1310,1431,1891,1916]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" precision="5" value="-14.54">14.5400°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE43E395FFF4FFF7D4D4F82FFE92F832" box="[151,274,1928,1952]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" precision="5" value="49.4383">49.4383°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), around
|
||
<elevation id="005A6261FFF4FFF7D5C3F820FE4AF80D" box="[384,458,1927,1952]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.6" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" unit="m" value="860.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4C8F28B7FFF4FFF7D5C3F820FE4AF80D" box="[384,458,1927,1952]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.6" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" unit="m" value="860.0">860 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
a
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B1F8F0FFFF4FFF7D5A9F820FE71F87A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1563404820" collectingDate="1996-06-26" collectionCode="MRSN" collectorName="F. Andreone & J. E. Randrianirina" elevation="800" latitude="-14.8283" location="Besariaka Forest" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="49.5958" municipality="Ambinanin'antsahamaloto'" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" specimenCount="1">
|
||
s.l.;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED661D97FFF4FFF7D659F82FFDE9F832" box="[538,617,1928,1952]" country="Italy" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15721" name="Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">MRSN</collectionCode>
|
||
A4618, adult female, collected
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF8D5A7AFFF4FFF7D79DF820FBF9F832" box="[990,1145,1927,1952]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" value="1996-06-26">
|
||
<date id="FFC9A392FFF4FFF7D79DF820FBF9F832" box="[990,1145,1927,1952]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" value="1996-06-26">26 June 1996</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
by
|
||
<collectorName id="2682E084FFF4FFF7D0EAF82FFAB6F832" box="[1193,1334,1927,1952]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">F. Andreone</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="2682E084FFF4FFF7D131F82FFEB1F856" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">J.E. Randrianirina</collectorName>
|
||
in
|
||
<location id="8EA8D389FFF4FFF7D523F80CFDA5F851" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DE3444FFF4FFEBD4D4FAEEFCE4F8D6:8EA8D389FFF4FFF7D523F80CFDA5F851" box="[352,549,1963,1988]" latitude="-14.8283" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="49.5958" municipality="Ambinanin'antsahamaloto'" name="Besariaka Forest" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">Besariaka Forest</location>
|
||
, at the campsite locally known as ‘
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BAC1F28FFF4FFF7D792F80CFA89F856" box="[977,1289,1963,1988]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">Ambinanin’antsahamaloto’</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE43E395FFF4FFF7D15DF80BFA17F856" box="[1310,1431,1964,1988]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" precision="5" value="-14.8283">14.8283°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE43E395FFF4FFF7D4D4F868FE93F87A" box="[151,275,1999,2024]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" precision="5" value="49.5958">49.5958°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), around
|
||
<elevation id="005A6261FFF4FFF7D5C5F877FE53F87A" box="[390,467,2000,2024]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" unit="m" value="800.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4C8F28B7FFF4FFF7D5C5F877FE53F87A" box="[390,467,2000,2024]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
a
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.s.l.; MRSN A6058, adult female, collected
|
||
<date id="FFC9A392FFF4FFF7D7BFF876FB19F87A" box="[1020,1177,1999,2025]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" value="1996-01">January 1996</date>
|
||
by F. Andreone, J.E.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC88552FFF5FFF6D4D4FF30FD8AFF47" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1999]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">
|
||
Randrianirina, and H. Randriamahazo on the west slope of Anjanaharibe-Sud (Analabe) at ‘Camp W1’ (14.7783°S, 49.4634°E), around
|
||
<quantity id="4C8F28B7FFF5FFF6D539FF1BFE4FFF46" box="[378,463,188,213]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" unit="m" value="1050.0">1050 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36DD6D9FFF5FFF6D484FF78FE0BF85D" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC88552FFF5FFF6D484FF78FE73FE3E" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1999]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9035940FFF5FFF6D484FF78FD9EFF6A" bold="true" box="[199,542,223,248]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Diagnosis and comparisons.</emphasis>
|
||
A species assigned to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C77FED1FFF5FFF6D7F7FF47FBDFFF6A" box="[948,1119,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Rhombophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9035940FFF5FFF6D7F7FF47FBDFFF6A" box="[948,1119,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Rhombophryne</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the basis of molecular phylogenetic affinities (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C99D7FFF5FFF6D5EBFEA3FE6FFE8E" box="[424,495,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1424,1446]" captionTargetBox="[168,1428,732,1392]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,716,1405]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Majority-rule consensus tree of the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group and its sister clade, obtained by partitioned BI analysis, based on 2491 nucleotide characters of two mitochondrial and one nuclear gene (16 S, cox 1, sacs). Asterisks indicate Bayesian posterior probability values (* 0.95 – 0.98, ** 0.99 – 1.0; not shown if <0.95). Stumpffia psologlossa and other species of Rhombophryne were used as hierarchical outgroups and are here excluded from the figure as they are not the subject of this study. Members of the R. serratopalpebrosa species group are depicted in life, not to scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/803055/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
), and the possession of a clavicle combined with the absence of T- or Y-shaped terminal phalanges (vs. either absence of a clavicle or possession of a clavicle combined with T- or Y-shaped terminal phalanges in the morphologically similar
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C77FED1FFF5FFF6D6BBFEEBFC31FEF6" box="[760,945,332,356]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Plethodontohyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9035940FFF5FFF6D6BBFEEBFC31FEF6" box="[760,945,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Plethodontohyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Within the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C77FED1FFF5FFF6D0E8FEEBFAD6FEF6" box="[1195,1366,332,356]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Rhombophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9035940FFF5FFF6D0E8FEEBFAD6FEF6" box="[1195,1366,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Rhombophryne</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it is assigned to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C77FED1FFF5FFF6D508FED6FDBBFE1A" box="[331,571,368,392]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Rhombophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="serratopalpebrosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9035940FFF5FFF6D508FED6FDBBFE1A" box="[331,571,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">R. serratopalpebrosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group on the basis of possessing superciliary spines and molecular phylogenetic affinities (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C99D7FFF5FFF6D5E2FE33FE65FE3E" box="[417,485,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1424,1446]" captionTargetBox="[168,1428,732,1392]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,716,1405]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Majority-rule consensus tree of the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group and its sister clade, obtained by partitioned BI analysis, based on 2491 nucleotide characters of two mitochondrial and one nuclear gene (16 S, cox 1, sacs). Asterisks indicate Bayesian posterior probability values (* 0.95 – 0.98, ** 0.99 – 1.0; not shown if <0.95). Stumpffia psologlossa and other species of Rhombophryne were used as hierarchical outgroups and are here excluded from the figure as they are not the subject of this study. Members of the R. serratopalpebrosa species group are depicted in life, not to scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/803055/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC88552FFF5FFF6D484FE1FFC9FFCAA" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1999]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C77FED1FFF5FFF6D484FE1FFE45FE42" box="[199,453,440,464]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Rhombophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="regalis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9035940FFF5FFF6D484FE1FFE45FE42" box="[199,453,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Rhombophryne regalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A230E43BFFF5FFF6D58FFE10FDA5FE42" box="[460,549,439,464]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9035940FFF5FFF6D58FFE10FDA5FE42" bold="true" box="[460,549,439,464]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is distinguished from all congeners by the following unique suite of characters: SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4C8F28B7FFF5FFF6D494FE7BFE01FE66" box="[215,385,476,501]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.335" metricValueMax="2.65" metricValueMin="2.02" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" unit="mm" value="23.35" valueMax="26.5" valueMin="20.2">20.2–26.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
; loreal region strongly concave, possessing an S-shaped fold behind the naris; tympanum distinct, TDH/ED = 0.47–0.67; weak supratympanic fold extending from rear corner of eye over tympanum toward axillary region; three superciliary spines, the first of which is largest and pointed anteriorly, the second of which is smaller, and the third of which is diminutive; second finger slightly shorter than fourth, fifth toe distinctly shorter than third; tibiotarsal articulation reaching to or beyond the snout tip; TIBL/SVL = 0.47–0.56. Osteologically, it is characterised by an anteriorly broadening parasphenoid cultriform process, ventromedial contact of exoccipitals, straight postchoanal vomers, smoothly sigmoidal anterior edge of ventral ramus of squamosal, strong dorsal prominence on iliac shafts, and ossified pubis. Additionally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C77FED1FFF5FFF6D7D5FD7EFB8EFD62" box="[918,1038,728,752]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Rhombophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="regalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9035940FFF5FFF6D7D5FD7EFB8EFD62" box="[918,1038,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">R. regalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from all other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C77FED1FFF5FFF6D4D4FD5BFEC2FC86" box="[151,322,764,788]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Rhombophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9035940FFF5FFF6D4D4FD5BFEC2FC86" box="[151,322,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Rhombophryne</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species for which molecular data are available by uncorrected pairwise distances of at least 6.1% in a segment of the
|
||
<emphasis id="B9035940FFF5FFF6D515FC87FE00FCAA" box="[342,384,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">16S</emphasis>
|
||
rRNA mitochondrial gene (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6F5B0E9FFF5FFF6D6F9FCB8FC8EFCAA" box="[698,782,799,824]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,239,836,859]" captionText="TABLE 1. Uncorrected p-distances (in percent) in the ca. 550 bp 3 ’ - terminal segment of the 16 S gene (lower diagonal) and in a ca. 600 bp segment of the cox 1 gene (upper diagonal). Grey cells are within-group distances in 16 S. Note that not all available sequences were included in the comparisons because some sequences of much shorter length were excluded. NA, not applicable (due to missing sequences for distance calculation)." pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC88552FFF5FFF6D484FCE3FE0BF85D" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1999]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">
|
||
Within the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C77FED1FFF5FFF6D5CDFCE3FDB9FCCE" box="[398,569,836,860]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Rhombophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9035940FFF5FFF6D5CDFCE3FDB9FCCE" box="[398,569,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Rhombophryne</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C77FED1FFF5FFF6D60BFCE2FD34FCCE" box="[584,692,836,860]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Rhombophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="regalis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9035940FFF5FFF6D60BFCE2FD34FCCE" box="[584,692,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">R. regalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A230E43BFFF5FFF6D6FFFCE3FC96FCCF" box="[700,790,836,861]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9035940FFF5FFF6D6FFFCE3FC96FCCF" bold="true" box="[700,790,836,861]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
can be distinguished from all species except members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C77FED1FFF5FFF6D483FCCEFE2DFC12" box="[192,429,872,896]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Rhombophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="serratopalpebrosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9035940FFF5FFF6D483FCCEFE2DFC12" box="[192,429,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">R. serratopalpebrosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group by the possession of superciliary spines. Within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C77FED1FFF5FFF6D002FCCEFAAEFC12" box="[1089,1326,872,896]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Rhombophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="serratopalpebrosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9035940FFF5FFF6D002FCCEFAAEFC12" box="[1089,1326,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">R. serratopalpebrosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C77FED1FFF5FFF6D1C7FCCEFF63FC36" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Rhombophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="regalis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9035940FFF5FFF6D1C7FCCEFF63FC36" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">R. regalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A230E43BFFF5FFF6D4A8FC2BFEC6FC37" box="[235,326,908,933]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9035940FFF5FFF6D4A8FC2BFEC6FC37" bold="true" box="[235,326,908,933]" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
may be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C77FED1FFF5FFF6D6C0FC2AFCF1FC36" box="[643,881,908,932]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Rhombophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="serratopalpebrosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9035940FFF5FFF6D6C0FC2AFCF1FC36" box="[643,881,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">R. serratopalpebrosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which it most strongly resembles, by its smaller size (adult female SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4C8F28B7FFF5FFF6D5FCFC08FDEAFC55" box="[447,618,943,968]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.335" metricValueMax="2.65" metricValueMin="2.02" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" unit="mm" value="23.35" valueMax="26.5" valueMin="20.2">20.2–26.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
vs.
|
||
<quantity id="4C8F28B7FFF5FFF6D6E4FC08FC95FC55" box="[679,789,943,968]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" unit="mm" value="28.5">28.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
; males unavailable from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C77FED1FFF5FFF6D00EFC16FAC2FC5A" box="[1101,1346,944,968]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Rhombophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="serratopalpebrosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9035940FFF5FFF6D00EFC16FAC2FC5A" box="[1101,1346,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">R. serratopalpebrosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), weak supratympanic fold (vs. strong supratympanic fold), possession of three superciliary spines: 1st large, 2nd medium, 3rd diminutive (vs. four: 1st large, 2nd medium, 3rd small, 4th diminutive), smaller relative tympanum size (TDH/ED = 0.47–0.67 vs. 0.72), shorter relative forelimb length (FORL/SVL = 0.59–0.70 vs. 0.80), parasphenoid cultriform process broadening anteriorly (vs. not broadening), exoccipitals in ventromedial contact (vs. not in contact), broad (vs. narrow) quadratojugal–squamosal contact, anterior edge of squamosal ventral ramus smoothly sigmoidal (vs. stepped), and ossified (vs. unossified) pubis; from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C77FED1FFF5FFF6D69DFB29FCD5FB37" box="[734,853,1166,1189]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Rhombophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vaventy">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9035940FFF5FFF6D69DFB29FCD5FB37" box="[734,853,1166,1189]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">R. vaventy</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its much smaller size (SVL 20.2–26.5 vs.
|
||
<quantity id="4C8F28B7FFF5FFF6D128FB2AFF47FB58" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1899999999999995" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" unit="mm" value="51.9">51.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
), weak supratympanic fold extending from posterior of eye over tympanum toward axillary region (vs. distinct supratympanic fold, curved over and behind the tympanum but not extending anterior to the tympanum), possession of three superciliary spines: 1st large, 2nd medium, 3rd diminutive (vs. four, anterior two most distinct), shorter relative forelimb length (FORL/SVL = 0.59–0.70 vs. 0.76), and absence (vs. presence) of enlarged inner metatarsal tubercles; from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C77FED1FFF5FFF6D581FAE2FD11FACE" box="[450,657,1348,1372]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Rhombophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guentherpetersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9035940FFF5FFF6D581FAE2FD11FACE" box="[450,657,1348,1372]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">R. guentherpetersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its smaller size (SVL 20.2–26.5 vs.
|
||
<quantity id="4C8F28B7FFF5FFF6D00FFAE3FB73FACF" box="[1100,1267,1348,1373]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" metricValueMax="3.57" metricValueMin="2.73" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" unit="mm" value="31.5" valueMax="35.7" valueMin="27.3">27.3–35.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
), possession of three superciliary spines: 1st large, 2nd medium, 3rd diminutive (vs. 2–3 small superciliary spines), tibiotarsal articulation reaching at least the nostril (vs. reaching the insertion of the arms), longer relative tibia length (TIBL/ SVL = 0.47–0.56 vs. 0.35–39), and absence of a dorsal tibial gland (vs. presence); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C77FED1FFF5FFF6D0CEFA13FB79FA59" box="[1165,1273,1460,1483]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Rhombophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9035940FFF5FFF6D0CEFA13FB79FA59" box="[1165,1273,1460,1483]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">R. ornata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its smaller size (single known male SVL 22.4 vs. 33.0 mm), weak supratympanic fold extending from rear corner of eye over tympanum toward axillary region (vs. distinct supratympanic fold extending from rear corner of eye over and behind tympanum toward axilla; see
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C99D7FFF5FFF6D608F985FD11F9A9" box="[587,657,1570,1595]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1879,1901]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,949,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,949,1858]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Comparative morphology of the heads, feet, and hands of members of the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group. All specimens are the holotypes of their respective species, except R. coronata, which is paratype ZSM 694 / 2001. Asterisks indicate mirrored images. Not to scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/803059/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
), possession of three superciliary spines: 1st large, 2nd medium, 3rd diminutive (vs. two of roughly equal size), thinner thighs (THIW/THIL = 0.26–0.34 vs. 0.36–0.40), slightly longer relative tibia length (TIBL/SVL = 0.47–0.56 vs. 0.38–0.46), tibiotarsal articulation reaching at least the nostril (vs. reaching between the tympanum and eye), and absence of reddish colour on the hidden portions of the legs (vs. presence); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C77FED1FFF5FFF6D512F912FE22F95E" box="[337,418,1717,1740]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Rhombophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tany">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9035940FFF5FFF6D512F912FE22F95E" box="[337,418,1717,1740]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">R. tany</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its weaker supratympanic fold (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C99D7FFF5FFF6D727F913FC28F95F" box="[868,936,1716,1741]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1879,1901]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,949,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,949,1858]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Comparative morphology of the heads, feet, and hands of members of the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group. All specimens are the holotypes of their respective species, except R. coronata, which is paratype ZSM 694 / 2001. Asterisks indicate mirrored images. Not to scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/803059/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
), possession of three superciliary spines: 1st large, 2nd medium, 3rd diminutive (vs. two of roughly equal size), considerably thinner thighs (THIW/THIL 0.26– 0.34 vs. 0.41), longer relative tibia length (TIBL/SVL = 0.47–0.56 vs. 0.43), and tibiotarsal articulation reaching at least the nostril (vs. reaching between the tympanum and eye); and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C77FED1FFF5FFF6D041F883FB09F8A9" box="[1026,1161,1828,1851]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Rhombophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="314" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coronata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9035940FFF5FFF6D041F883FB09F8A9" box="[1026,1161,1828,1851]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">R. coronata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by possession of three superciliary spines differing in size: 1st large, 2nd medium, 3rd diminutive (vs. three of roughly equal size), thinner thighs (THIW/THIL = 0.26–0.34 vs. 0.36–0.44), thinner shanks (TIBW/TIBL = 0.18–0.24 vs. 0.31–0.36), longer relative tibia length (TIBL/SVL = 0.47–0.56 vs. 0.35–0.39), and first toe unreduced (vs. sometimes reduced to a short nub; see
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C99D7FFF5FFF6D57AF811FEFDF85D" box="[313,381,1974,1999]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1879,1901]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,949,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,949,1858]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Comparative morphology of the heads, feet, and hands of members of the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group. All specimens are the holotypes of their respective species, except R. coronata, which is paratype ZSM 694 / 2001. Asterisks indicate mirrored images. Not to scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/803059/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="314">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36DD6D9FFF6FFF5D484FF30FA15F92F" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC88552FFF6FFF5D484FF30FB79FF6A" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1833]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9035940FFF6FFF5D484FF30FDA5FF22" bold="true" box="[199,549,151,176]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">
|
||
Description of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CC3BF0FFF6FFF5D5F6FF30FDA0FF22" box="[437,544,151,176]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C99D7FFF6FFF5D67AFF30FD07FF22" box="[569,647,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1697,1719]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,414,1675]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,414,1675]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Photographs of the holotypes of the species treated in this manuscript, in dorsal (top row) and ventral (bottom row) views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/803057/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Figs 4</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C99D7FFF6FFF5D6DBFF30FD28FF22" box="[664,680,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1879,1901]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,949,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,949,1858]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Comparative morphology of the heads, feet, and hands of members of the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group. All specimens are the holotypes of their respective species, except R. coronata, which is paratype ZSM 694 / 2001. Asterisks indicate mirrored images. Not to scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/803059/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C99D7FFF6FFF5D6F9FF3FFD49FF22" box="[698,713,152,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[180,1408,193,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[180,1408,193,1908]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Rhombophryne regalis sp. nov. in life, showing the holotype (MRSN A 4602) in (a) dorsal and (b) ventral view; paratype MRSN A 4603 in (c) dorsolateral and (d) ventral view; and (e) an individual from Ambolokopatrika in dorsolateral view (assignment to field and collection numbers unknown)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/803067/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">9</figureCitation>
|
||
a, b) An adult male specimen in a moderately good state of preservation, though quite soft. Tissue samples taken from left thigh and tongue for sequencing. A small incision is present in the right side. The testes are well developed and mature, and can be easily identified.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC88552FFF6FFF5D484FEA3FA8FFDAF" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1833]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">
|
||
Body robust. Head wider than long (HW/HL = 1.46). Pupils tiny and horizontally oblong (possibly deformed by preservation). Snout rounded in dorsal and lateral view. Canthus rostralis concave. Loreal region concave, with a subtle S-shaped fold that surmounts the nostril anteriorly (otherwise known only from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C77FED1FFF6FFF5D1C0FEEAFEEAFE1A" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Rhombophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="serratopalpebrosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9035940FFF6FFF5D1C0FEEAFEEAFE1A" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">R. serratopalpebrosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Nostrils nearer to snout tip than to eye (END/NSD = 1.22), directed laterally, slightly protuberant. Tympanum distinct, TDH/ED = 0.47. Weak supratympanic fold, hardly noticeable anterior to tympanum but extending posterior to it toward the axillary region. Three superciliary spines above each eye, the first large and anterior to the eye, the second smaller and above the eye, the third diminutive and over the posterior half of the eye (hardly perceptible without the aid of magnification). Vomerine teeth present in a straight row either side of the palate, approaching each other medially but separated by a small gap.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC88552FFF6FFF5D484FDEFFBB7FC87" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1833]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">
|
||
Arms slender. Fingers without webbing, relative lengths 1<2<4<3; fourth finger distinctly longer than second; finger tips not expanded; fingers not reduced (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C99D7FFF6FFF5D75DFDCBFCE6FD17" box="[798,870,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1879,1901]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,949,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,949,1858]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Comparative morphology of the heads, feet, and hands of members of the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group. All specimens are the holotypes of their respective species, except R. coronata, which is paratype ZSM 694 / 2001. Asterisks indicate mirrored images. Not to scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/803059/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
); nuptial pads absent; inner metacarpal tubercle present, outer metacarpal tubercle absent; subarticular tubercles weak, undivided. Hindlimbs fairly slender; tibiotarsal articulation reaches the snout tip; TIBL/SVL = 0.48. Inner metatarsal tubercle present, not enlarged, outer metatarsal tubercle absent, subarticular tubercles indistinct. Toes unwebbed; relative lengths 1<2<5<3<4, fifth toe distinctly shorter than third. Toe tips not expanded, third toe tip pointed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC88552FFF6FFF5D484FCB8FA14FCAA" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1833]" box="[199,1428,799,824]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">
|
||
Dorsal and ventral skin smooth in preservative, but quite bumpy in life (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C99D7FFF6FFF5D047FCB8FBC9FCAA" box="[1028,1097,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[180,1408,193,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[180,1408,193,1908]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Rhombophryne regalis sp. nov. in life, showing the holotype (MRSN A 4602) in (a) dorsal and (b) ventral view; paratype MRSN A 4603 in (c) dorsolateral and (d) ventral view; and (e) an individual from Ambolokopatrika in dorsolateral view (assignment to field and collection numbers unknown)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/803067/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
a). Dorsolateral folds absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC88552FFF6FFF5D484FCE3FEDDFB56" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1833]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">
|
||
Colouration of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CC3BF0FFF6FFF5D53FFCE3FE65FCCF" box="[380,485,836,861]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
: After 19 years in preservative, specimen dorsally brown, with two darker spots above the suprascapulae, anteriorly bordered by cream lines. A darker brown chevron extends from the inguinal regions on either side of the body to the mid-dorsum, bordered anteriorly and posteriorly by thin cream lines. Another cream line extends from the middle lateral side of the frog anteriorly over the axial pit, dorsally encircling the insertion of the arm. Over the suprascapular region, a clover-shaped dark brown marking is present, outlined with a thin cream border (much more distinct in life; see
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C99D7FFF6FFF5D7ABFC50FBACFB82" box="[1000,1068,1015,1040]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[180,1408,193,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[180,1408,193,1908]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Rhombophryne regalis sp. nov. in life, showing the holotype (MRSN A 4602) in (a) dorsal and (b) ventral view; paratype MRSN A 4603 in (c) dorsolateral and (d) ventral view; and (e) an individual from Ambolokopatrika in dorsolateral view (assignment to field and collection numbers unknown)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/803067/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
a). A dark brown interocular bar is also present, likewise bordered with cream. Laterally lighter brown, with a cream line extending from posterior of eye along anterior edge of tympanum to corner of mouth. Legs with one darker brown crossband each on the thigh, lower leg, tarsal, and metatarsal regions, that on the thigh with thin cream borders. Venter cream, with a darker chin. Colouration in life as in preservative, but more vibrant and clear, and somewhat more reddish (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C99D7FFF6FFF5D4B8FB0BFEC1FB56" box="[251,321,1196,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[180,1408,193,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[180,1408,193,1908]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Rhombophryne regalis sp. nov. in life, showing the holotype (MRSN A 4602) in (a) dorsal and (b) ventral view; paratype MRSN A 4603 in (c) dorsolateral and (d) ventral view; and (e) an individual from Ambolokopatrika in dorsolateral view (assignment to field and collection numbers unknown)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/803067/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
a).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC88552FFF6FFF5D484FB68FBDBF99A" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1833]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9035940FFF6FFF5D484FB68FEC1FB7A" bold="true" box="[199,321,1231,1256]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
All paratypes have been more strongly fixed than the holotype. Snout more or less truncate and squared. For variation in measurements, see Appendix 1. TDH larger in all paratypes than in the holotype (full range of TDH/ED = 0.47–0.67). Leg length varies, but the tibiotarsal articulation extends to or beyond the nostril. Supratympanic fold and superciliary spines generally consistent, but influenced by quality of preservation. The tongues of the paratypes are broad, unlobed, and attached anteriorly (that of the holotype has been removed). No sexual size dimorphism is apparent. The paratypes are more uniformly brown dorsally than the holotype, mostly lacking dorsal patterns and cream colouration; ventrally similar, but can be more mottled with light brown. The dorsal skin of all paratypes is rougher than the holotype, both in preservative and in life (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C99D7FFF6FFF5D4DCFA48FF66F99A" box="[159,230,1519,1544]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[180,1408,193,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[180,1408,193,1908]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Rhombophryne regalis sp. nov. in life, showing the holotype (MRSN A 4602) in (a) dorsal and (b) ventral view; paratype MRSN A 4603 in (c) dorsolateral and (d) ventral view; and (e) an individual from Ambolokopatrika in dorsolateral view (assignment to field and collection numbers unknown)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/803067/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). Notes on osteological variability are given in the Osteology section, below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC88552FFF6FFF5D484F9B3FA15F92F" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1833]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9035940FFF6FFF5D484F9B3FE0AF9BF" bold="true" box="[199,394,1556,1581]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Natural history.</emphasis>
|
||
Several of the paratypes contain developing eggs, revealed by their slightly higher X-ray absorbance than the surrounding tissue in the micro-CT scans; MRSN A4620 had 11, and A6058 had 17. This suggests relatively small clutch sizes. Little is known about the species’ life history. The individuals were usually found active on the ground during rainy weather at night. The type series was collected while installing basecamp and drift fences in primary, mid-altitude rainforest, confirming the species as at least partly fossorial.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36DD6D9FFF6FFF5D484F960FD79F8BA" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC88552FFF6FFF5D484F960FD79F8BA" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1833]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9035940FFF6FFF5D484F960FED0F972" bold="true" box="[199,336,1735,1760]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species epithet is the Latin nominative singular two-ending adjective
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C77FED1FFF6FFF5D09BF96FFAA5F972" box="[1240,1317,1736,1760]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Rhombophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="regalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9035940FFF6FFF5D09BF96FFAA5F972" box="[1240,1317,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">regalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, meaning ‘kingly’ or ‘regal’, and refers to the crown-like superciliary spines that individuals of this species, and all other members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C77FED1FFF6FFF5D513F8B6FDC3F8BA" box="[336,579,1808,1832]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Rhombophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="serratopalpebrosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9035940FFF6FFF5D513F8B6FDC3F8BA" box="[336,579,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">R. serratopalpebrosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group, possess.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF08D5DAFFF7FFF4D4D4F83EFD7EF87E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/803067/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" targetBox="[180,1408,193,1908]" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC88552FFF7FFF4D4D4F83EFD7EF87E" blockId="15.[151,1436,1945,2028]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9035940FFF7FFF4D4D4F83EFE94F83C" bold="true" box="[151,276,1945,1967]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C77FED1FFF7FFF4D558F83EFD82F83D" box="[283,514,1945,1967]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Rhombophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="regalis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9035940FFF7FFF4D558F83EFD82F83D" box="[283,514,1945,1967]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Rhombophryne regalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A230E43BFFF7FFF4D648F83EFDDCF83C" box="[523,604,1945,1966]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9035940FFF7FFF4D648F83EFDDCF83C" bold="true" box="[523,604,1945,1966]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in life, showing the holotype (MRSN A4602) in (a) dorsal and (b) ventral view; paratype MRSN A4603 in (c) dorsolateral and (d) ventral view; and (e) an individual from Ambolokopatrika in dorsolateral view (assignment to field and collection numbers unknown).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF08D5DAFFE8FFEBD4D4FB87FBA9FBC7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/803069/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" targetBox="[168,1418,207,1035]" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC88552FFE8FFEBD4D4FB87FBA9FBC7" blockId="16.[151,1436,1056,1109]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9035940FFE8FFEBD4D4FB87FEA2FBA7" bold="true" box="[151,290,1056,1078]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
|
||
Osteology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C77FED1FFE8FFEBD5FAFB87FD21FBA4" box="[441,673,1056,1078]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Rhombophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="regalis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9035940FFE8FFEBD5FAFB87FD21FBA4" box="[441,673,1056,1078]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">Rhombophryne regalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A230E43BFFE8FFEBD6E9FB87FD7DFBA7" box="[682,765,1056,1077]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9035940FFE8FFEBD6E9FB87FD7DFBA7" bold="true" box="[682,765,1056,1077]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(MRSN A4602). Full skeleton in (a) dorsal, (b) ventral, and (c) lateral view; skull in (d) dorsal, (e) ventral, and (f) lateral view. Abbreviations as in Fig. 7.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36DD6D9FFE8FFEBD484FB3CFCE4F8D6" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC88552FFE8FFEBD484FB3CFD2AFA44" blockId="16.[151,1436,1179,1860]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9035940FFE8FFEBD484FB3CFD02FB26" bold="true" box="[199,642,1179,1204]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">Distribution and conservation status.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C77FED1FFE8FFEBD6C9FB3CFC0AFB21" box="[650,906,1179,1203]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Rhombophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="regalis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9035940FFE8FFEBD6C9FB3CFC0AFB21" box="[650,906,1179,1203]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">Rhombophryne regalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A230E43BFFE8FFEBD7D2FB3CFC6BFB26" box="[913,1003,1179,1204]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9035940FFE8FFEBD7D2FB3CFC6BFB26" bold="true" box="[913,1003,1179,1204]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is reliably known from Anjanaharibe- Sud, Ambolokopatrika, and Besariaka, over an altitudinal range from
|
||
<quantity id="4C8F28B7FFE8FFEBD7EDFB18FBD4FB45" box="[942,1108,1214,1239]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.015" metricValueMax="1.05" metricValueMin="0.98" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" unit="m" value="1015.0" valueMax="1050.0" valueMin="980.0">980 to 1050 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l. (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C99D7FFE8FFEBD0E3FB19FB65FB45" box="[1184,1253,1214,1239]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1199,1221]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1178]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,195,1178]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Map of the north of Madagascar showing the collection localities of specimens of the focal species of this paper, Rhombophryne guentherpetersi, R. regalis sp. nov., and R. diadema sp. nov. Basemap from www. vegmad. org. Hashing indicates protected areas; note that the full extent of Tsaratanana Strict Nature Reserve is not shown." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/803065/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). It may also be distributed south into Makira, northwest into COMATSA, southeast into Masoala, or northeast into Marojejy—a more detailed sampling including genetic material will be needed to assess its full distribution. Its currently known distribution encompasses an area of
|
||
<quantity id="4C8F28B7FFE8FFEBD671FA89FD08FAD4" box="[562,648,1325,1350]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.13" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" unit="km" value="213.0">213 km</quantity>
|
||
2 over three threat-defined locations (TDLs). A TDL is defined by the IUCN (2012) as a ‘distinct area in which a single threatening event can rapidly affect all individuals of the taxon present’; here, we consider each of the three localities from which the new species is known to be separate TDLs, as deforestation, the greatest threat to these frogs, is generally localized, and disappearance of habitat in one of the locations will not affect the status of the others.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC88552FFE8FFEBD484FA46FCE4F8D6" blockId="16.[151,1436,1179,1860]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">
|
||
Records of ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C77FED1FFE8FFEBD513FA45FDBCFA68" box="[336,572,1506,1530]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Rhombophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="serratopalpebrosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9035940FFE8FFEBD513FA45FDBCFA68" box="[336,572,1506,1530]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">R. serratopalpebrosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ from COMATSA by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6F8A3FFE8FFEBD774FA46FBD5FA68" box="[823,1109,1505,1530]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" refString="Rabearivony, J., Rasamoelina, M., Raveloson, J., Rakotomanana, H., Raselimanana, A. P., Raminosoa, N. R. & Zaonarivelo, J. R. (2015) Roles of a forest corridor between Marojejy, Anjanaharibe-Sud and Tsaratanana protected areas, northern Madagascar, in maintaining endemic and threatened Malagasy taxa. Madagascar Conservation & Development, 10, 85 - 92." type="journal article">
|
||
Rabearivony
|
||
<emphasis id="B9035940FFE8FFEBD78FFA45FB84FA68" box="[972,1028,1506,1530]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
probably refer to this species as well, but need to be verified with specimens. However, we hypothesise that it may in fact be distributed over an area of>
|
||
<quantity id="4C8F28B7FFE8FFEBD4B8F98AFEDFF9D7" box="[251,351,1580,1605]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" unit="km" value="7000.0">7000 km</quantity>
|
||
2 encompassing adjacent, mid-altitude rainforest in northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F360C5C2FFE8FFEBD04BF98BFB12F9D7" box="[1032,1170,1580,1605]" name="Madagascar" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The habitat in all three of the confirmed locations where this species occurs is being degraded, despite partial protection—cattle grazing, slash-and-burn, and selective logging are widely practiced, leading to on-going decline in the extent and quality of available habitat. Due to its restricted known range but probable wider distribution, this species is a borderline case between Endangered and Vulnerable using the IUCN classification system. To avoid being inflationary, we conservatively propose a status of Vulnerable for this species according to the IUCN Red List criterion B1ab(iii) (as above, but extent of occurrence <
|
||
<quantity id="4C8F28B7FFE8FFEBD67BF8AFFD32F8B2" box="[568,690,1799,1824]" metricMagnitude="7" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" unit="km" value="20000.0">20,000 km</quantity>
|
||
2 and known from 10 or fewer locations) and recommend research to quantify its distribution in northern Madagascar’s rainforests.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |