238 lines
42 KiB
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238 lines
42 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="86583C1324FD0444A4FB5392D35A3E89">The early-diverging subgenera of the bee genus Andrena (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae) in the Old World</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="D2E2A8593B5A8D2B1DFCFD7B4B7C2913" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="643BF1572682324AE8EF0DCE8A53F82D">Pisanty, Gideon</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A617FDF97FDEA90B95B51770B98ECD45">The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B833AE7F1A90EA91D8D3AB872A9D6F8A">Wood, Thomas James</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C4CAC69BC0F533CFF7FD1404B2E65D97">Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR, Leiden, the Netherlands.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="DDE0EEACCF0952A7F8769412BE41B6AB">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="D2560E83CD7E9F7FCF84BD4D5B4AF232">2024</mods:date>
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<treatment id="077587FDB8596433FF6CDBEFEC24FED6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12710354" ID-GBIF-Taxon="235032107" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12710354" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:077587FDB8596433FF6CDBEFEC24FED6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/077587FDB8596433FF6CDBEFEC24FED6" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="475" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
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<subSubSection id="C7C66560B859643CFF6CDBEFEBEEFF7A" box="[151,692,151,178]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8F6336EBB859643CFF6CDBEFEBEEFF7A" blockId="23.[151,692,151,178]" box="[151,692,151,178]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
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<heading id="D42B8187B859643CFF6CDBEFEBEEFF7A" bold="true" box="[151,692,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="BDA8EAF9B859643CFF6CDBEFEBEEFF7A" bold="true" box="[151,692,151,178]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
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Subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="48DC4D68B859643CFEECDBEFEB49FF7A" authority="Pisanty" authorityName="Pisanty" box="[279,531,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Warnckandrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Uncandrena">
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<emphasis id="BDA8EAF9B859643CFEECDBEFE8F5FF79" bold="true" box="[279,431,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Uncandrena</emphasis>
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Pisanty
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A69B5782B859643CFDE1DBEFEBEEFF7A" box="[538,692,151,177]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" rank="subGenus">subgen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C7C66560B859643CFF6CDBA2EA2FFF3F" box="[151,885,217,244]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="8F6336EBB859643CFF6CDBA2EA2FFF3F" blockId="23.[151,1437,217,2008]" box="[151,885,217,244]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
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<emphasis id="BDA8EAF9B859643CFF6CDBA2E86FFF38" bold="true" box="[151,309,217,244]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
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<typeStatus id="50678849B859643CFF6CDBA2E988FF3F" box="[151,210,218,244]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="48DC4D68B859643CFEC7DBA2EBEEFF3F" ID-CoL="DR85" authority="Warncke, 1969" authorityName="Warncke" authorityYear="1969" box="[316,692,218,244]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bytinskii">
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<emphasis id="BDA8EAF9B859643CFEC7DBA2EB5BFF3F" box="[316,513,218,244]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Andrena bytinskii</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EB4D4B1AB859643CFDF3DBA2EBEEFF3F" author="Warncke, K." box="[520,692,218,244]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" pagination="377 - 408" refId="ref30210" refString="Warncke, K. (1969) A contribution to the knowledge of the genus Andrena (Apoidea) in Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology, 4, 377 - 408." type="journal article" year="1969">Warncke, 1969</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, designated here.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C7C66560B859643CFF3CDB85E86FF9CE" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8F6336EBB859643CFF3CDB85E86FF9CE" blockId="23.[151,1437,217,2008]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
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<emphasis id="BDA8EAF9B859643CFF3CDB85E803FEDC" bold="true" box="[199,345,253,279]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Description.</emphasis>
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Small-sized bees (
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<quantity id="48249B0EB859643CFDC5DB86EBFDFED3" box="[574,679,254,280]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="8.0">8–9 mm</quantity>
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). Body integument dark with moderate metallic luster, strongly shagreened, punctation mostly weak to absent (
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<figureCitation id="17E72A6EB859643CFD49DA5AEA61FEF7" box="[690,827,290,316]" captionStart="FIGURES 74–80" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1958,1982]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,755,1935]" captionTargetId="figure-156@24.[165,1422,755,1935]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 74–80. Andrena (Uncandrena) bytinskii Warncke, female: 74, vertex and mesosoma; 75, metasoma; 76, head; 77, habitus; 78, flocculus and scopa; 79, forewing venation; 80, propodeal triangle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12712094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12712094/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Figs. 74–77</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="17E72A6EB859643CFCB3DA5AEAC8FEF7" box="[840,914,290,316]" captionStart="FIGURES 81–88" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1391,1415]" captionTargetBox="[165,1421,175,1367]" captionTargetId="figure-17@25.[165,1421,175,1367]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 81–88. Andrena (Uncandrena) bytinskii Warncke, male: 81, vertex and mesosoma; 82, metasoma; 83, head; 84, habitus; 85, genitalia, dorsal view; 86, genitalia, lateral view; 87, eighth sternum; 88, seventh sternum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12712096" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12712096/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">81–84</figureCitation>
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). Male clypeus and paraocular area dark (
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<figureCitation id="17E72A6EB859643CFA94DA5AE9ECFEAB" captionStart="FIGURES 81–88" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1391,1415]" captionTargetBox="[165,1421,175,1367]" captionTargetId="figure-17@25.[165,1421,175,1367]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 81–88. Andrena (Uncandrena) bytinskii Warncke, male: 81, vertex and mesosoma; 82, metasoma; 83, head; 84, habitus; 85, genitalia, dorsal view; 86, genitalia, lateral view; 87, eighth sternum; 88, seventh sternum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12712096" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12712096/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Fig. 83</figureCitation>
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). Head 1.2–1.3 times broader than long (
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<figureCitation id="17E72A6EB859643CFD7DDA3EEBBFFEAB" box="[646,741,326,352]" captionStart="FIGURES 74–80" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1958,1982]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,755,1935]" captionTargetId="figure-156@24.[165,1422,755,1935]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 74–80. Andrena (Uncandrena) bytinskii Warncke, female: 74, vertex and mesosoma; 75, metasoma; 76, head; 77, habitus; 78, flocculus and scopa; 79, forewing venation; 80, propodeal triangle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12712094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12712094/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Figs. 76</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="17E72A6EB859643CFD0ADA3EEA4AFEAB" box="[753,784,326,352]" captionStart="FIGURES 81–88" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1391,1415]" captionTargetBox="[165,1421,175,1367]" captionTargetId="figure-17@25.[165,1421,175,1367]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 81–88. Andrena (Uncandrena) bytinskii Warncke, male: 81, vertex and mesosoma; 82, metasoma; 83, head; 84, habitus; 85, genitalia, dorsal view; 86, genitalia, lateral view; 87, eighth sternum; 88, seventh sternum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12712096" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12712096/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">83</figureCitation>
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). Mandibles short in both sexes, very weakly bidentate in female (
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<figureCitation id="17E72A6EB859643CFF0EDA12E810FE4F" box="[245,330,362,388]" captionStart="FIGURES 74–80" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1958,1982]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,755,1935]" captionTargetId="figure-156@24.[165,1422,755,1935]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 74–80. Andrena (Uncandrena) bytinskii Warncke, female: 74, vertex and mesosoma; 75, metasoma; 76, head; 77, habitus; 78, flocculus and scopa; 79, forewing venation; 80, propodeal triangle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12712094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12712094/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Fig. 76</figureCitation>
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), strongly bidentate in male. Galea strongly shagreened and matt, impunctate, apex more or less rounded. Maxillary palpus extending beyond galea, six-segmented, segment 2 longest, 1.4 times longer than 1. Glossa of moderate length, 4–5 times longer than broad, extending beyond galea. Labial palpus about as long as glossa, four-segmented (
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<figureCitation id="17E72A6EB859643CFE54DAAEEB55FE3B" box="[431,527,470,496]" captionStart="FIGURES 74–80" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1958,1982]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,755,1935]" captionTargetId="figure-156@24.[165,1422,755,1935]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 74–80. Andrena (Uncandrena) bytinskii Warncke, female: 74, vertex and mesosoma; 75, metasoma; 76, head; 77, habitus; 78, flocculus and scopa; 79, forewing venation; 80, propodeal triangle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12712094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12712094/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Figs. 76</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="17E72A6EB859643CFDE6DAAEEB66FE3B" box="[541,572,470,496]" captionStart="FIGURES 81–88" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1391,1415]" captionTargetBox="[165,1421,175,1367]" captionTargetId="figure-17@25.[165,1421,175,1367]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 81–88. Andrena (Uncandrena) bytinskii Warncke, male: 81, vertex and mesosoma; 82, metasoma; 83, head; 84, habitus; 85, genitalia, dorsal view; 86, genitalia, lateral view; 87, eighth sternum; 88, seventh sternum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12712096" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12712096/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">83</figureCitation>
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). Subgenal coronet developed on inner and hind margin of paramandibular process. Labral process of female much broader than long, weakly arched (
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<figureCitation id="17E72A6EB859643CFC05DA82ED0EFDDF" box="[1022,1108,506,532]" captionStart="FIGURES 74–80" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1958,1982]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,755,1935]" captionTargetId="figure-156@24.[165,1422,755,1935]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 74–80. Andrena (Uncandrena) bytinskii Warncke, female: 74, vertex and mesosoma; 75, metasoma; 76, head; 77, habitus; 78, flocculus and scopa; 79, forewing venation; 80, propodeal triangle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12712094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12712094/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Fig. 76</figureCitation>
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), of male trapezoidal, apical margin weakly concave. Clypeus weakly protuberant, weakly flattened centrally, more so in males, 1.9 times broader than long in females (
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<figureCitation id="17E72A6EB859643CFE75D93AE8B9FD97" box="[398,483,578,604]" captionStart="FIGURES 74–80" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1958,1982]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,755,1935]" captionTargetId="figure-156@24.[165,1422,755,1935]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 74–80. Andrena (Uncandrena) bytinskii Warncke, female: 74, vertex and mesosoma; 75, metasoma; 76, head; 77, habitus; 78, flocculus and scopa; 79, forewing venation; 80, propodeal triangle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12712094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12712094/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Fig. 76</figureCitation>
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), 1.6 times in males (
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<figureCitation id="17E72A6EB859643CFD2CD93AEA71FD97" box="[727,811,578,604]" captionStart="FIGURES 81–88" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1391,1415]" captionTargetBox="[165,1421,175,1367]" captionTargetId="figure-17@25.[165,1421,175,1367]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 81–88. Andrena (Uncandrena) bytinskii Warncke, male: 81, vertex and mesosoma; 82, metasoma; 83, head; 84, habitus; 85, genitalia, dorsal view; 86, genitalia, lateral view; 87, eighth sternum; 88, seventh sternum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12712096" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12712096/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Fig. 83</figureCitation>
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). Malar space absent. Inner margins of compound eyes weakly arched, weakly convergent below in females (
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<figureCitation id="17E72A6EB859643CFD15D91EEA1BFD4B" box="[750,833,614,640]" captionStart="FIGURES 74–80" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1958,1982]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,755,1935]" captionTargetId="figure-156@24.[165,1422,755,1935]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 74–80. Andrena (Uncandrena) bytinskii Warncke, female: 74, vertex and mesosoma; 75, metasoma; 76, head; 77, habitus; 78, flocculus and scopa; 79, forewing venation; 80, propodeal triangle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12712094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12712094/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Fig. 76</figureCitation>
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), strongly convergent below in males (
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<figureCitation id="17E72A6EB859643CFB0AD91EEC1EFD4B" box="[1265,1348,614,640]" captionStart="FIGURES 81–88" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1391,1415]" captionTargetBox="[165,1421,175,1367]" captionTargetId="figure-17@25.[165,1421,175,1367]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 81–88. Andrena (Uncandrena) bytinskii Warncke, male: 81, vertex and mesosoma; 82, metasoma; 83, head; 84, habitus; 85, genitalia, dorsal view; 86, genitalia, lateral view; 87, eighth sternum; 88, seventh sternum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12712096" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12712096/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Fig. 83</figureCitation>
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). Facial foveae drop-shaped, moderately broad, weakly separated from compound eye by very narrow, smooth linear area, fovea width equals 0.5 times antennocular distance (
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<figureCitation id="17E72A6EB859643CFD1ED9D6EA2AFD03" box="[741,880,686,712]" captionStart="FIGURES 74–80" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1958,1982]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,755,1935]" captionTargetId="figure-156@24.[165,1422,755,1935]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 74–80. Andrena (Uncandrena) bytinskii Warncke, female: 74, vertex and mesosoma; 75, metasoma; 76, head; 77, habitus; 78, flocculus and scopa; 79, forewing venation; 80, propodeal triangle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12712094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12712094/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Figs. 74, 76</figureCitation>
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). Distance of fovea from lateral ocellus about 1.2 ocellar diameters (
|
||
<figureCitation id="17E72A6EB859643CFE9CD9AAE8E6FD27" box="[359,444,722,748]" captionStart="FIGURES 74–80" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1958,1982]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,755,1935]" captionTargetId="figure-156@24.[165,1422,755,1935]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 74–80. Andrena (Uncandrena) bytinskii Warncke, female: 74, vertex and mesosoma; 75, metasoma; 76, head; 77, habitus; 78, flocculus and scopa; 79, forewing venation; 80, propodeal triangle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12712094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12712094/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Fig. 74</figureCitation>
|
||
). Flagellomere 1 longer than 2+3, 0.9 times shorter than 2+3+
|
||
<quantity id="48249B0EB859643CFB8CD9AAEDF9FD27" box="[1143,1187,722,748]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
|
||
females (
|
||
<figureCitation id="17E72A6EB859643CFAEAD9AAEC3EFD27" box="[1297,1380,722,748]" captionStart="FIGURES 74–80" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1958,1982]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,755,1935]" captionTargetId="figure-156@24.[165,1422,755,1935]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 74–80. Andrena (Uncandrena) bytinskii Warncke, female: 74, vertex and mesosoma; 75, metasoma; 76, head; 77, habitus; 78, flocculus and scopa; 79, forewing venation; 80, propodeal triangle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12712094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12712094/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Fig. 76</figureCitation>
|
||
), 0.7 times in males (
|
||
<figureCitation id="17E72A6EB859643CFEBDD98EE8C2FCDB" box="[326,408,758,784]" captionStart="FIGURES 81–88" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1391,1415]" captionTargetBox="[165,1421,175,1367]" captionTargetId="figure-17@25.[165,1421,175,1367]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 81–88. Andrena (Uncandrena) bytinskii Warncke, male: 81, vertex and mesosoma; 82, metasoma; 83, head; 84, habitus; 85, genitalia, dorsal view; 86, genitalia, lateral view; 87, eighth sternum; 88, seventh sternum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12712096" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12712096/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Fig. 83</figureCitation>
|
||
). Vertex and gena normally developed, ocelloccipital distance 1–1.2 ocellar diameters, genal area 0.9–1.0 times as broad as compound eye. Preoccipital ridge carinate dorsally, becoming gradually rounded laterally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="17E72A6EB859643CFEFED846E83CFC93" box="[261,358,830,856]" captionStart="FIGURES 74–80" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1958,1982]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,755,1935]" captionTargetId="figure-156@24.[165,1422,755,1935]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 74–80. Andrena (Uncandrena) bytinskii Warncke, female: 74, vertex and mesosoma; 75, metasoma; 76, head; 77, habitus; 78, flocculus and scopa; 79, forewing venation; 80, propodeal triangle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12712094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12712094/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Figs. 74</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="17E72A6EB859643CFE8FD846E8C9FC93" box="[372,403,830,856]" captionStart="FIGURES 81–88" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1391,1415]" captionTargetBox="[165,1421,175,1367]" captionTargetId="figure-17@25.[165,1421,175,1367]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 81–88. Andrena (Uncandrena) bytinskii Warncke, male: 81, vertex and mesosoma; 82, metasoma; 83, head; 84, habitus; 85, genitalia, dorsal view; 86, genitalia, lateral view; 87, eighth sternum; 88, seventh sternum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12712096" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12712096/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">81</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsolateral angle of pronotum not to very slightly elevated, not forming a dorsolateral carina. Surface of mesepisternum and propodeum with strong alveolation or shagreenation, punctation weak. Profile of propodeum moderately separated into weakly sloping basal region vs. more vertical apical region, this separation weak in males, basal region about 1.2 times as long as metanotum. Propodeal triangle not to very slightly rugose (
|
||
<figureCitation id="17E72A6EB859643CFA94D8D2E9EDFC23" captionStart="FIGURES 74–80" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1958,1982]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,755,1935]" captionTargetId="figure-156@24.[165,1422,755,1935]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 74–80. Andrena (Uncandrena) bytinskii Warncke, female: 74, vertex and mesosoma; 75, metasoma; 76, head; 77, habitus; 78, flocculus and scopa; 79, forewing venation; 80, propodeal triangle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12712094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12712094/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Fig. 80</figureCitation>
|
||
). Propodeal corbicula incomplete, corbicular fringe very thin and limited to dorsal side of corbicula, consisting of long strongly plumose hairs. Inner side of hind femur rounded. Inner hind tibial spur strongly broadened near base, more or less straight. Femoral and tibial scopae composed of simple hairs, tibial scopa weakly developed, hairs short and thin. Flocculus complete, very strongly developed, hairs very long (
|
||
<figureCitation id="17E72A6EB859643CFBAADF42EDF2FB9F" box="[1105,1192,1082,1108]" captionStart="FIGURES 74–80" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1958,1982]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,755,1935]" captionTargetId="figure-156@24.[165,1422,755,1935]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 74–80. Andrena (Uncandrena) bytinskii Warncke, female: 74, vertex and mesosoma; 75, metasoma; 76, head; 77, habitus; 78, flocculus and scopa; 79, forewing venation; 80, propodeal triangle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12712094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12712094/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Fig. 78</figureCitation>
|
||
). Hind pretarsal claw with strong inner tooth. Forewing with two submarginal cells. Stigma 3.5–4 times longer than broad, 1.3 times broader than prestigma. Submarginal crossvein 1 reaching marginal cell 7 vein widths from stigma. Recurrent veins 1 and 2 reaching submarginal cell 2 at 0.3 and 0.8 of its length. Nervulus very strongly postfurcal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="17E72A6EB859643CFB03DFDEEC17FB0B" box="[1272,1357,1190,1216]" captionStart="FIGURES 74–80" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1958,1982]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,755,1935]" captionTargetId="figure-156@24.[165,1422,755,1935]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 74–80. Andrena (Uncandrena) bytinskii Warncke, female: 74, vertex and mesosoma; 75, metasoma; 76, head; 77, habitus; 78, flocculus and scopa; 79, forewing venation; 80, propodeal triangle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12712094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12712094/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Fig. 79</figureCitation>
|
||
). Jugal lobe of hind wing 0.7 times shorter than vannal lobe. Profile of tergum 1 separated into declivous basal region versus horizontal posterior region, basal region with medial longitudinal rim. Tergal apical hair bands moderately developed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="17E72A6EB859643CFEE7DE6AE8F2FAE7" box="[284,424,1298,1325]" captionStart="FIGURES 74–80" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1958,1982]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,755,1935]" captionTargetId="figure-156@24.[165,1422,755,1935]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 74–80. Andrena (Uncandrena) bytinskii Warncke, female: 74, vertex and mesosoma; 75, metasoma; 76, head; 77, habitus; 78, flocculus and scopa; 79, forewing venation; 80, propodeal triangle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12712094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12712094/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Figs. 75, 77</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="17E72A6EB859643CFE4DDE6AEB59FAE7" box="[438,515,1298,1324]" captionStart="FIGURES 81–88" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1391,1415]" captionTargetBox="[165,1421,175,1367]" captionTargetId="figure-17@25.[165,1421,175,1367]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 81–88. Andrena (Uncandrena) bytinskii Warncke, male: 81, vertex and mesosoma; 82, metasoma; 83, head; 84, habitus; 85, genitalia, dorsal view; 86, genitalia, lateral view; 87, eighth sternum; 88, seventh sternum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12712096" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12712096/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">82, 84</figureCitation>
|
||
). Female pygidial plate normally developed, without elevated medial area; male pygidial plate undeveloped. Male sternum 7 normally developed, with two small medioapical lobes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="17E72A6EB859643CFB07DE4EEC15FA9B" box="[1276,1359,1334,1360]" captionStart="FIGURES 81–88" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1391,1415]" captionTargetBox="[165,1421,175,1367]" captionTargetId="figure-17@25.[165,1421,175,1367]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 81–88. Andrena (Uncandrena) bytinskii Warncke, male: 81, vertex and mesosoma; 82, metasoma; 83, head; 84, habitus; 85, genitalia, dorsal view; 86, genitalia, lateral view; 87, eighth sternum; 88, seventh sternum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12712096" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12712096/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Fig. 88</figureCitation>
|
||
). Male sternum 8 normally developed, columnar, apical process weakly broadened, without emargination (
|
||
<figureCitation id="17E72A6EB859643CFB1FDE22EC6CFABF" box="[1252,1334,1370,1396]" captionStart="FIGURES 81–88" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1391,1415]" captionTargetBox="[165,1421,175,1367]" captionTargetId="figure-17@25.[165,1421,175,1367]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 81–88. Andrena (Uncandrena) bytinskii Warncke, male: 81, vertex and mesosoma; 82, metasoma; 83, head; 84, habitus; 85, genitalia, dorsal view; 86, genitalia, lateral view; 87, eighth sternum; 88, seventh sternum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12712096" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12712096/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Fig. 87</figureCitation>
|
||
). Genital capsule strongly rounded in dorsal view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="17E72A6EB859643CFD91DE06EBE4FA52" box="[618,702,1406,1433]" captionStart="FIGURES 81–88" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1391,1415]" captionTargetBox="[165,1421,175,1367]" captionTargetId="figure-17@25.[165,1421,175,1367]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 81–88. Andrena (Uncandrena) bytinskii Warncke, male: 81, vertex and mesosoma; 82, metasoma; 83, head; 84, habitus; 85, genitalia, dorsal view; 86, genitalia, lateral view; 87, eighth sternum; 88, seventh sternum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12712096" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12712096/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Fig. 85</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsal gonocoxite lobe exceptionally developed, very long and narrow, club-shaped. Gonostylus strongly arched, apical blade weakly developed, shallowly spatulate dorsally, slightly protruding ventrally. Penis valves short and very broad, occupying almost entire space between gonostyli (
|
||
<figureCitation id="17E72A6EB859643CFF64DE92E870F9CE" box="[159,298,1514,1541]" captionStart="FIGURES 81–88" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1391,1415]" captionTargetBox="[165,1421,175,1367]" captionTargetId="figure-17@25.[165,1421,175,1367]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 81–88. Andrena (Uncandrena) bytinskii Warncke, male: 81, vertex and mesosoma; 82, metasoma; 83, head; 84, habitus; 85, genitalia, dorsal view; 86, genitalia, lateral view; 87, eighth sternum; 88, seventh sternum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12712096" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12712096/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Figs. 85–86</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C7C66560B859643CFF3CDD75EA95F883" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8F6336EBB859643CFF3CDD75EA95F883" blockId="23.[151,1437,217,2008]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDA8EAF9B859643CFF3CDD75E818F9EC" bold="true" box="[199,322,1549,1575]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
The most clearly defining feature of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48DC4D68B859643CFD11DD76EAB5F9E3" box="[746,1007,1550,1576]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Uncandrena">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDA8EAF9B859643CFD11DD76EA13F9E3" box="[746,841,1550,1576]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Andrena</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="BDA8EAF9B859643CFCA0DD76EABCF9E3" box="[859,998,1550,1576]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Uncandrena</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the male’s unusual genital capsule, which is strongly rounded in overall shape, possessing extremely elongate, club-shaped dorsal gonocoxite lobes, and a very weakly developed gonostylus blade (
|
||
<figureCitation id="17E72A6EB859643CFD7BDD2EEA50F9BA" box="[640,778,1622,1649]" captionStart="FIGURES 81–88" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1391,1415]" captionTargetBox="[165,1421,175,1367]" captionTargetId="figure-17@25.[165,1421,175,1367]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 81–88. Andrena (Uncandrena) bytinskii Warncke, male: 81, vertex and mesosoma; 82, metasoma; 83, head; 84, habitus; 85, genitalia, dorsal view; 86, genitalia, lateral view; 87, eighth sternum; 88, seventh sternum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12712096" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12712096/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Figs. 85–86</figureCitation>
|
||
). The subgenus is further characterised by the combination of forewing with two submarginal cells (
|
||
<figureCitation id="17E72A6EB859643CFD9CDD02EBE6F95F" box="[615,700,1658,1684]" captionStart="FIGURES 74–80" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1958,1982]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,755,1935]" captionTargetId="figure-156@24.[165,1422,755,1935]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 74–80. Andrena (Uncandrena) bytinskii Warncke, female: 74, vertex and mesosoma; 75, metasoma; 76, head; 77, habitus; 78, flocculus and scopa; 79, forewing venation; 80, propodeal triangle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12712094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12712094/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Fig. 79</figureCitation>
|
||
), metallic integument, basally broadened female hind tibial spur, and non-rugose propodeal triangle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="17E72A6EB859643CFDD7DDE6EBD8F973" box="[556,642,1694,1720]" captionStart="FIGURES 74–80" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1958,1982]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,755,1935]" captionTargetId="figure-156@24.[165,1422,755,1935]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 74–80. Andrena (Uncandrena) bytinskii Warncke, female: 74, vertex and mesosoma; 75, metasoma; 76, head; 77, habitus; 78, flocculus and scopa; 79, forewing venation; 80, propodeal triangle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12712094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12712094/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Fig. 80</figureCitation>
|
||
). As such, it cannot be confused with any other subgenus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48DC4D68B859643CFACDDDE6ECCFF973" authorityName="Confalonierii Guiglia" authorityYear="1929" box="[1334,1429,1694,1720]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDA8EAF9B859643CFACDDDE6ECCFF973" box="[1334,1429,1694,1720]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Andrena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. North American species of the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48DC4D68B859643CFDA7DDBAEB8EF917" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1903" box="[604,724,1730,1756]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Diandrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDA8EAF9B859643CFDA7DDBAEB8EF917" box="[604,724,1730,1756]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Diandrena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
superficially resemble
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48DC4D68B859643CFC23DDBAED39F917" box="[984,1123,1730,1756]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Uncandrena">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDA8EAF9B859643CFC23DDBAED39F917" box="[984,1123,1730,1756]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Uncandrena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in their metallic integument and forewing’s two submarginal cells, but they clearly differ in most or all of the following characters: bidentate labral process, carinate pronotum, more rugose propodeal triangle, normally-developed female hind tibial spur, antefurcal to interstitial nervulus, and normally-developed male genitalia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C7C66560B859643CFF3CDC29E88CF85B" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8F6336EBB859643CFF3CDC29E88CF85B" blockId="23.[151,1437,217,2008]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDA8EAF9B859643CFF3CDC29E87DF8A0" bold="true" box="[199,295,1873,1899]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48DC4D68B859643CFECBDC2AE8E1F8A7" box="[304,443,1874,1900]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Uncandrena">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDA8EAF9B859643CFECBDC2AE8E1F8A7" box="[304,443,1874,1900]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Uncandrena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are active in springtime, specializing on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48DC4D68B859643CFC63DC2AED51F8A7" authorityName="Rudd" authorityYear="1968" box="[920,1035,1874,1900]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Faboideae">Faboideae</taxonomicName>
|
||
pollen, but also visit other diverse flowers, probably for nectar.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C7C66560B859643CFF3CDCE1EA07F87F" box="[199,861,1945,1972]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8F6336EBB859643CFF3CDCE1EA07F87F" blockId="23.[151,1437,217,2008]" box="[199,861,1945,1972]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDA8EAF9B859643CFF3CDCE1E839F878" bold="true" box="[199,355,1945,1971]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
Eastern Mediterranean (Levant and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F7CB767BB859643CFD07DCE2EA0BF87F" box="[764,849,1946,1972]" name="Turkey" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C7C66560B8596433FF3CDCC6EC24FED6" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="475" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8F6336EBB8596433FF3CDCC6EDEEFF1E" blockId="23.[151,1437,217,2008]" lastBlockId="24.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="475" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDA8EAF9B859643CFF3CDCC6E814F813" bold="true" box="[199,334,1982,2008]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The prefix
|
||
<emphasis id="BDA8EAF9B859643CFE34DCC7E8A4F813" box="[463,510,1983,2008]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Unc</emphasis>
|
||
- is from the Latin
|
||
<emphasis id="BDA8EAF9B859643CFD34DCC7EA4AF813" box="[719,784,1983,2008]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">uncus</emphasis>
|
||
, which means ‘hook, barb’, in combination with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48DC4D68B859643CFACDDCC6ECCFF813" authorityName="Confalonierii Guiglia" authorityYear="1929" box="[1334,1429,1982,2008]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDA8EAF9B859643CFACDDCC6ECCFF813" box="[1334,1429,1982,2008]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Andrena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the name of the higher taxon. The name refers to the unique shape of the genital capsule, with the unusually long dorsal gonocoxite lobes reminiscent of protruding hooks. The gender of the name is feminine.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8F6336EBB8566433FF3CDBA7EC24FED6" blockId="24.[151,1436,151,285]" pageId="24" pageNumber="475">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDA8EAF9B8566433FF3CDBA7E8D5FF33" bold="true" box="[199,399,222,249]" pageId="24" pageNumber="475">Included species.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48DC4D68B8566433FE68DBA7EA5EFF32" authority="Warncke, 1969" authorityName="Warncke" authorityYear="1969" box="[403,772,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="475" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bytinskii">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDA8EAF9B8566433FE68DBA7EB0CFF32" box="[403,598,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="475">Andrena bytinskii</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB4D4B1AB8566433FDA1DBA7EA5EFF32" author="Warncke, K." box="[602,772,223,249]" pageId="24" pageNumber="475" pagination="377 - 408" refId="ref30210" refString="Warncke, K. (1969) A contribution to the knowledge of the genus Andrena (Apoidea) in Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology, 4, 377 - 408." type="journal article" year="1969">Warncke, 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The single species belonging to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48DC4D68B8566433FB9CDBA7EDA8FF32" box="[1127,1266,223,249]" pageId="24" pageNumber="474" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Uncandrena">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDA8EAF9B8566433FB9CDBA7EDA8FF32" box="[1127,1266,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="475">Uncandrena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was previously assigned to
|
||
<emphasis id="BDA8EAF9B8566433FEE0DA7BE8FCFED6" box="[283,422,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="475">Pallandrena</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB4D4B1AB8566433FE4EDA7BEB03FED6" author="Warncke, K." box="[437,601,259,285]" pageId="24" pageNumber="475" pagination="377 - 408" refId="ref30210" refString="Warncke, K. (1969) A contribution to the knowledge of the genus Andrena (Apoidea) in Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology, 4, 377 - 408." type="journal article" year="1969">Warncke 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) or
|
||
<emphasis id="BDA8EAF9B8566433FD7CDA7BEA71FED6" box="[647,811,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="475">Poecilandrena</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB4D4B1AB8566433FCC2DA7BEDCBFED6" author="Gusenleitner, F. & Schwarz, M." box="[825,1169,259,285]" pageId="24" pageNumber="475" pagination="1 - 1280" refId="ref28812" refString="Gusenleitner, F. & Schwarz, M. (2002) Weltweite Checkliste der Bienengattung Andrena: mit Bemerkungen und Erganzungen ¨ zu palaarktischen ¨ Arten (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Andreninae, Andrena). Entomofauna, Supplement 10, 1 - 1280." type="journal article" year="2002">Gusenleitner & Schwarz 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB4D4B1AB8566433FB67DA7BEC28FED6" author="Pisanty, G. & Scheuchl, E. & Dorchin, N." box="[1180,1394,259,285]" pageId="24" pageNumber="475" pagination="151 - 188" refId="ref29975" refString="Pisanty, G., Scheuchl, E. & Dorchin, N. (2018) Taxonomic revision of the subgenus Andrena (Poecilandrena) (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae) in Israel and the Levant. Zootaxa, 4374 (2), 151 - 188. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4374.2.1" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48DC4D68B8566433FB67DA7BEDB4FED6" authorityName="Pisanty & Wood" authorityYear="2024" box="[1180,1262,259,285]" pageId="24" pageNumber="477" rank="subGenus" status="subgen. nov." subGenus="Pisanty">Pisanty</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="BDA8EAF9B8566433FB0DDA7BEC74FED6" box="[1270,1326,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="475">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |