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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.896.36493" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f0dfb41e-097f-47cf-a691-e0ed156f0dd6" ID-PMC="PMC6908515" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-896-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="45D554E9BC5451AA8EFF6B8A14862ADC" ID-PubMed="31844412" ID-ZooBank="3E0BC795B569442AAE6FDFD4A9FB9534" ModsDocID="1313-2970-896-1" checkinTime="1575565016593" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Reemer, Menno, Skevington, Jeffrey H. &amp; Kelso, Scott" docDate="2019" docId="C0E365F3A2855A14B239AA578304716F" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 896: 1-93" docOrigin="ZooKeys 896" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.896.36493" docTitle="Peradon bidens" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="45D554E9BC5451AA8EFF6B8A14862ADC" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="45D554E9BC5451AA8EFF6B8A14862ADC" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Neotropical hoverfly genus Peradon Reemer (Diptera, Syrphidae, Microdontinae)" masterLastPageNumber="93" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668168194872" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Revision of the Neotropical hoverfly genus Peradon Reemer (Diptera, Syrphidae, Microdontinae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Reemer, Menno</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Skevington, Jeffrey H.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kelso, Scott</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>896</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>93</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.896.36493</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.896.36493</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-896-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">3E0BC795B569442AAE6FDFD4A9FB9534</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">45D554E9BC5451AA8EFF6B8A14862ADC</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="160631108" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C0E365F3A2855A14B239AA578304716F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C0E365F3A2855A14B239AA578304716F" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName LSID="C0E365F3-A285-5A14-B239-AA578304716F" authority="Fabricius" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Peradon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peradon bidens" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bidens">Peradon bidens (Fabricius)</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 3–7" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 3 - 7. 3 Head of Peradon costaricensis sp. nov. in lateral view. Note ventrally produced gena and oral margin 4 Face of Peradon bidens in frontal view. Note transversely wrinkled median vitta, a character found in most Peradon species 5 Wing of Peradon bidens. Note posterior appendix of vein R 4 + 5 and widely rounded postero-apical corner of cell r 4 + 5 6 Anepisternum of Peradon bidens. Note extensively bare median area 7 Thoracic sclerites of Peradon bidens in lateral view. Note flat and bare katepimeron with wrinkled texture (the wrinkles extend from similar wrinkles om the katatergum). Abbreviations: Anepm = anepimeron; anatg = anatergum; ktg = katatergum; kepm = katepimeron." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures3-7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362272" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures3-7">Figs 4-7</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 9–12" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 9 - 12. 9, 10 Antennal length ratios: 9 Peradon palpator male, basoflagellomere more than twice as long as scape 10 P. bidens male, basoflagellomere less than twice as long as scape 11, 12 Tergites in lateral view: 11 with golden pilosity (Peradon aurigaster male) 12 with silvery white pilosity (P. flavofascium male)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures9-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362274" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures9-12">10</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 36–47" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figures 36 - 47. 36 - 46 Wings of Peradon species of the bidens - group: 36 P. bidens ♂ Suriname RMNH 37 P. bispina ♂ holotype 38 P. aurifascia ♂ holotype 39 P. angustiventris ♂ Suriname RMNH 40 P. angustus ♀ neotype 41 P. flavipennis ♀ holotype 42 P. normalis var. SUR- 17 B ♀ Suriname RMNH 43 P. normalis typical var. ♀ Suriname RMNH 44 P. pompiloides ♂ holotype 45 P. pompiloides ♀ paratype 46 P. niger ♂ holotype 47 Wing of P. palpator ♂ holotype (flavofascium group)" figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures36-47" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362280" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures36-47">36</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 48–52" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figures 48 - 52. 48 Peradon satyricus, head profile 49, 50 Hind legs of Peradon: 49 P. satyricus 50 P. bidens 51, 52 Head in frontal view: 51 P. costaricensis 52 P. sciarus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures48-52" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362281" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures48-52">50</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 61–66" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figures 61 - 66. 61, 62 Wing cell bm: 61 P. bidens 62 P. costaricensis 63, 64 Mesonotal transverse fascia: 63 medially interrupted (P. bidens) 64 complete (P. costaricensis) 65, 66 Wing cell br: 65 P. pompiloides (holotype) 66 P. normalis (Suriname RMNH)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures61-66" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362284" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures61-66">61</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 61–66" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figures 61 - 66. 61, 62 Wing cell bm: 61 P. bidens 62 P. costaricensis 63, 64 Mesonotal transverse fascia: 63 medially interrupted (P. bidens) 64 complete (P. costaricensis) 65, 66 Wing cell br: 65 P. pompiloides (holotype) 66 P. normalis (Suriname RMNH)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures61-66" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362284" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures61-66">63</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 112–118" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figures 112 - 118. Dorsal habitus of Peradon species (bidens group) 112 P. satyricus ♂ holotype 113 P. sciarus ♂ holotype 114 P. bidens typical variation ♀ (holotype M. flavomarginatum Curran) 115 P. bidens typical morph ♂ Suriname RMNH 116 P. bidens morph langi ♂ Suriname RMNH 117 P. costaricensis ♂ paratype 118 P. costaricensis ♀ paratype. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures112-118" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362291" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures112-118">114-116</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 165–170" captionStartId="F29" captionText="Figures 165 - 170. Peradon ballux male, holotype: 165 habitus lateral 166 head frontal 167 head lateral 168 - 170 Peradon bidens male, holotype 168 head frontal 169 habitus dorsal 170 habitus lateral" figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures165-170" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362299" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures165-170">168-170</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 262–267" captionStartId="F45" captionText="Figures 262 - 267. Male genitalia of Peradon species 262 P. hermetoides holotype 263 P. elongatus holotype 264 P. oligonax Colombia NHMUK 265 P. satyricus holotype 266 P. sciarus paratype 267 P. bidens Suriname RMNH." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures262-267" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362315" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures262-267">267</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Mulio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mulio bidens" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bidens">Mulio bidens</taxonomicName>
Fabricius, 1805: 185. Holotype ♂: South America (UZMC [examined].
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Ceratophya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ceratophya bicolor" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">Ceratophya bicolor</taxonomicName>
Walker, 1857: 151. Holotype ♀: Brazil,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
(NHMUK) [examined].
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Microdon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microdon flavomarginatum" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavomarginatum">Microdon flavomarginatum</taxonomicName>
Curran, 1925: 245. Holotype ♀: Peru (CU) [examined] syn. nov.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Microdon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microdon langi" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="langi">Microdon langi</taxonomicName>
Curran, 1925: 341. Holotype ♂: Guyana, Kumakusa (AMNH) [examined];
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.49898" author="Thompson, FC" journalOrPublisher="A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 195" refId="B29" refString="Thompson, FC, Vockeroth, JR, Sedman, YS, 1976. Family Syrphidae. A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States 46: 1 - 195" title="Family Syrphidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.49898" volume="46" year="1976">Thompson et al. 1976</bibRefCitation>
: 65 [type deposition erroneously stated as CU] syn. nov.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Microdon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microdon bidens" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bidens">Microdon bidens</taxonomicName>
(Walker):
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.49898" author="Thompson, FC" journalOrPublisher="A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 195" refId="B29" refString="Thompson, FC, Vockeroth, JR, Sedman, YS, 1976. Family Syrphidae. A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States 46: 1 - 195" title="Family Syrphidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.49898" volume="46" year="1976">Thompson et al. 1976</bibRefCitation>
: 63.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Microdon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microdon flavomarginatus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavomarginatus">Microdon flavomarginatus</taxonomicName>
Curran:
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.49898" author="Thompson, FC" journalOrPublisher="A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 195" refId="B29" refString="Thompson, FC, Vockeroth, JR, Sedman, YS, 1976. Family Syrphidae. A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States 46: 1 - 195" title="Family Syrphidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.49898" volume="46" year="1976">Thompson et al. 1976</bibRefCitation>
: 65.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Peradon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peradon bidens" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bidens">Peradon bidens</taxonomicName>
(Fabricius):
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.288.4095" author="Reemer, M" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 213" refId="B25" refString="Reemer, M, Stahls, G, 2013a. Generic revision and species classification of the Microdontinae (Diptera, Syrphidae). ZooKeys 288: 1 - 213" title="Generic revision and species classification of the Microdontinae (Diptera, Syrphidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.288.4095" volume="288" year="2013 a">
Reemer and
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ståhls">Stahls</normalizedToken>
2013a
</bibRefCitation>
: 145;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1163/22119434-00002035" author="Reemer, M" journalOrPublisher="Tijdschrift voor Entomologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="27 - 57" refId="B24" refString="Reemer, M, 2014. A review of Microdontinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) of Surinam, with a key to the Neotropical genera. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 157: 27 - 57" title="A review of Microdontinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) of Surinam, with a key to the Neotropical genera." url="https://doi.org/10.1163/22119434-00002035" volume="157" year="2014">Reemer 2014</bibRefCitation>
: 43.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Peradon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peradon flavomarginatum" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavomarginatum">Peradon flavomarginatum</taxonomicName>
(Curran):
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.288.4095" author="Reemer, M" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 213" refId="B25" refString="Reemer, M, Stahls, G, 2013a. Generic revision and species classification of the Microdontinae (Diptera, Syrphidae). ZooKeys 288: 1 - 213" title="Generic revision and species classification of the Microdontinae (Diptera, Syrphidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.288.4095" volume="288" year="2013 a">
Reemer and
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ståhls">Stahls</normalizedToken>
2013a
</bibRefCitation>
: 145.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Peradon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peradon langi" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="langi">Peradon langi</taxonomicName>
(Curran):
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.288.4095" author="Reemer, M" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 213" refId="B25" refString="Reemer, M, Stahls, G, 2013a. Generic revision and species classification of the Microdontinae (Diptera, Syrphidae). ZooKeys 288: 1 - 213" title="Generic revision and species classification of the Microdontinae (Diptera, Syrphidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.288.4095" volume="288" year="2013 a">
Reemer and
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ståhls">Stahls</normalizedToken>
2013a
</bibRefCitation>
: 145;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1163/22119434-00002035" author="Reemer, M" journalOrPublisher="Tijdschrift voor Entomologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="27 - 57" refId="B24" refString="Reemer, M, 2014. A review of Microdontinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) of Surinam, with a key to the Neotropical genera. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 157: 27 - 57" title="A review of Microdontinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) of Surinam, with a key to the Neotropical genera." url="https://doi.org/10.1163/22119434-00002035" volume="157" year="2014">Reemer 2014</bibRefCitation>
: 43.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="studied type specimens">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Studied type specimens.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
South America • 1 ♂, holotype of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Mulio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mulio bidens" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bidens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mulio bidens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Fabricius; UZMC. Label 1 (red):
<normalizedToken originalValue="“TYPE”">&quot;TYPE&quot;</normalizedToken>
; label 2: &quot;M: bidens /
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Am:mer:Schmid”">'Am:mer:Schmid&quot;</normalizedToken>
. Coll. UZMC.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Brazil • 1 ♀, holotype of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Ceratophya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ceratophya bicolor" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ceratophya bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Walker; Para; NHMUK. Female. Label 1 (round, red-bordered): &quot;Holo- / type&quot;; label 2 (round, green-bordered): &quot; Type&quot;; label 3:
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Para”">&quot;Para&quot;</normalizedToken>
; label 4: &quot;Ceratophya / bicolor / Wlk.&quot;; label 5: &quot;bicolor Wlk&quot;.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Peru • 1 ♀, holotype of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Microdon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microdon flavomarginatum" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavomarginatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Microdon flavomarginatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Curran; La Sombra to El Encanto, Putumayo Dist.; 23 Aug. 1923; Cornell University Expedition Lot 569 leg.; CU. Label 1: &quot;La Sombra to El Encanto, Putumayo Dist., PERU, Aug. 23
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘20”">'20&quot;</normalizedToken>
; label 2: &quot;Cornell Univ. Expedition Lot 569&quot;; label 3 (red): &quot;Holotype Cornell U. No. 1732&quot;; label 4 (red): &quot;Type Microdon flavomarginatum Curran&quot;; label 5: &quot;Microdon flavomarginatum Curran Det. C.H. Curran&quot;.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Guyana • 1 ♂, holotype of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Microdon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microdon langi" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="langi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Microdon langi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Curran; Kumakusa; Sept. 1922; H. Lang leg.; AMNH. Label 1: &quot;Kumakusa, Brit. Guiana, IX-1922. H. Lang&quot;; label 2 (red): &quot;Type
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Microdon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microdon langi" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="langi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Microdon langi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Curran&quot;; label 3: &quot;C.H. Curran collection, Acc. 31144&quot;; label 4:
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Microdon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microdon langi" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="langi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Microdon langi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Curran, Det. C.H. Curran&quot;.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="additional specimens red morph">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Additional specimens red morph.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Brazil • 1 ♂; Serra do Navio, Terr.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Amapá">Amapa</normalizedToken>
; 20 Oct. 1957; J. Lane leg.; USNM • 1 ♀; Itaituba; MZH (Frey collection).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Peru • 1 ♀; Chanchamayo; USNM • 1 ♂;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Belém">Belem</normalizedToken>
; 8 May 1967; Y. Sedman leg.; USNM [dwarf specimen, see Notes] • 1 ♀;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Belém">Belem</normalizedToken>
; 12 Aug. 1962; K. Lenko leg.; USNM.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">French Guiana • 1 ♀; Alicoto-Oyapock; 14 Nov. 1969; Balachowsky-Gruner leg.; MNHN. GUYANA • 1 ♀; Georgetown; H.W.B. Moore leg.; USNM.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peru • 1 ♀; Marcapota; RMNH.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Suriname • 1 ♀; Paramaribo; 15 Jul. 1944; D.C. Geijskes leg.; RMNH • 1 ♀; Paramaribo; 28 Jan. 1960; D.C. Geijskes leg.; RMNH • 1♂; Lely, 29 Oct.1979; G.F. Mees; RMNH • 1 ♂; Peperpot; 4 Mar. 2006; M. Reemer leg.; RMNH • 1 ♂; Peperpot; 14-21 Mar. 2006; M. Reemer leg.; RMNH.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="additional specimens black morph">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Additional specimens black morph.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Brazil • 1 ♀; Amazonas, Resex Unini, Rio Unini, Lago 03 Bocas;
<geoCoordinate degrees="01" direction="south" minutes="34" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="13" value="-1.5702777">01°34'13&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="62" direction="west" minutes="58" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="54" value="-62.981667">62°58'54&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
; 14-28 Jul. 2004; M.L. Oliveira, A. Silva F., L. Aquino leg.; INPA • 1 ♂; Serra do Navio, Terr.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Amapá">Amapa</normalizedToken>
; 21 Oct. 1957; K. Lenko leg.; MZUSP.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Suriname • 1 ♂; Colakreek; 30 Mar. 2006; M. Reemer leg.; RMNH • 1 ♂; Mopentibo; 19 Apr. 2006; M. Reemer leg.; RMNH.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Body size: male (9
<normalizedToken originalValue="–)12–">-)12-</normalizedToken>
14 mm (single dwarf specimen of 9 mm known, see Notes), female 15-16 mm. Two colour morphs are known of this species. In the red morph (corresponding with the type of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Mulio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mulio bidens" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bidens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mulio bidens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) tergites 2-4 are entirely red. From other species with an entirely reddish abdomen, the red morph of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. bidens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bidens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. bidens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs by the uniformly greyish wings, lacking any pale areas or veins. In the black morph (corresponding with the type of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Microdon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microdon langi" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="langi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Microdon langi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) the abdomen is entirely black. The following combination of characters distinguishes it from other
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Peradon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peradon" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peradon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species with a black abdomen: wings uniformly greyish to blackish, vertex more or less flat, face yellow, mesoscutum with medially interrupted fascia of golden pile along transverse suture, wing cell bm entirely microtrichose, cell br largely bare. In both colour morphs, the wings of the females are generally darker than those of the males.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The holotype of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Microdon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microdon flavomarginatum" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavomarginatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Microdon flavomarginatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Curran was studied in order to find differences with
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Peradon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peradon bidens" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bidens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peradon bidens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In this type specimen the face is widely dark brown medially, and tergite 1 is orange brown. In most specimens of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. bidens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bidens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. bidens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the face is entirely yellow and tergite 1 is blackish. However, intermediate character states occur in certain specimens. Besides these characters, no differences of taxonomic importance could be found. Therefore,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Microdon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microdon flavomarginatum" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavomarginatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Microdon flavomarginatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Curran syn. nov. is here considered a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Mulio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mulio bidens" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bidens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mulio bidens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Fabricius.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Ceratophya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ceratophya bicolor" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ceratophya bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Walker was already synonymized with
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Peradon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peradon bidens" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bidens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peradon bidens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.288.4095" author="Reemer, M" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 213" refId="B25" refString="Reemer, M, Stahls, G, 2013a. Generic revision and species classification of the Microdontinae (Diptera, Syrphidae). ZooKeys 288: 1 - 213" title="Generic revision and species classification of the Microdontinae (Diptera, Syrphidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.288.4095" volume="288" year="2013 a">
Reemer and
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ståhls">Stahls</normalizedToken>
(2013a)
</bibRefCitation>
(see also
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1163/22119434-00002035" author="Reemer, M" journalOrPublisher="Tijdschrift voor Entomologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="27 - 57" refId="B24" refString="Reemer, M, 2014. A review of Microdontinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) of Surinam, with a key to the Neotropical genera. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 157: 27 - 57" title="A review of Microdontinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) of Surinam, with a key to the Neotropical genera." url="https://doi.org/10.1163/22119434-00002035" volume="157" year="2014">Reemer 2014</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
A dwarf male specimen from Brazil (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Belém">Belem</normalizedToken>
, coll. USNM) measures only 9 mm. However, this specimen does not differ in any other morphological character from the other studied males.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
As noted by
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1163/22119434-00002035" author="Reemer, M" journalOrPublisher="Tijdschrift voor Entomologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="27 - 57" refId="B24" refString="Reemer, M, 2014. A review of Microdontinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) of Surinam, with a key to the Neotropical genera. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 157: 27 - 57" title="A review of Microdontinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) of Surinam, with a key to the Neotropical genera." url="https://doi.org/10.1163/22119434-00002035" volume="157" year="2014">Reemer (2014)</bibRefCitation>
, specimens of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. bidens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bidens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. bidens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(red abdomen) are morphologically identical to specimens of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. langi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="langi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. langi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Curran (black abdomen). Two Surinamese specimens of both taxa were included in the barcode dataset in order to find molecular clues for their taxonomic status. All three analyses (ML, parsimony and NJ,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 8. Maximum Likelihood tree of COI barcodes of Peradon species. The scale at the bottom is a distance scale for the number of substitutions per site. Information on the barcoded specimens can be found in Table 1." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362273" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figure8">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
, Suppl. material 1: Figure S1, Suppl. material 2: Figure S2) of these data resolved two clades, both consisting of one specimen of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. bidens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bidens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. bidens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and one of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. langi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="langi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. langi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with 100% identical barcodes. This is puzzling, but here the view is taken that all four specimens represent the same species, and two haplotypes are involved, which both happen to be represented by both a red and a black specimen. Therefore,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Microdon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microdon langi" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="langi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Microdon langi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Curran syn. nov. is here considered as a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Mulio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mulio bidens" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bidens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mulio bidens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Fabricius.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Amazonian. Known from northern states of Brazil (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Amapá">Amapa</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
), French Guiana, Guyana, Peru and Suriname.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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