196 lines
19 KiB
XML
196 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="F65D4879F49A59EF74D89EC64FBAEFCB" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4098.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8770e7d9-65f4-4cee-a935-a5f365a95f32" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="258895" ID-ZooBank="00F1BDB5-AB25-47A0-B789-2E05D2E683DE" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460009663303" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Beaver, Roger A., Ghahari, Hassan & Sanguansub, Sunisa" docDate="2016" docId="6B5C9A7C4747FFC1C797E496FED6FA48" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4098.3.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4098 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Xyleborus dryographus Ratzeburg 1837" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="423" masterDocId="9765E2044751FFD7C700E71CFFD5FFD3" masterDocTitle="An annotated checklist of Platypodinae and Scolytinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from Iran" masterLastPageNumber="441" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="423" updateTime="1698233404894" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="B75AB8187FBEDE386581EFA6F19D70AC" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="A1D953FE5F6954F09E9A5E4913CA56AB">
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<mods:title id="A56499AF1AFBC70441CC31A184EC2073">An annotated checklist of Platypodinae and Scolytinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from Iran</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="68B1FB15BD5DCBD17B70CE54E8F648E6" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="3F436D1244E37BAFFB7EFF3D4845FF4D">
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<mods:roleTerm id="2E7FB0EDFF6141B4BE02B8EAFF0CD632">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="5D8F19D7CE720B4A99F79C819D9DEFC8">Beaver, Roger A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="9CB5A835230AC67632DDDAB1114484BF" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F96C0B2D4CBBC4C4C53EFDBE3F285726">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="D42DCE089E439BF4422A6E81E5131C26">Ghahari, Hassan</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="8B00A200ECB9B20689EEA2E92BAC6E7D" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="658900639432E13C7D35E29F577D9990">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="A9F37124269E350706F59C90DBCC471A">Sanguansub, Sunisa</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="BF20936F5F3EF9B8E0DF6E41EB87623D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="B57A0A1F870414165C7775EFEA2C1840">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="4376C8177D97B4F598D29F30F18F2656">
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<mods:date id="9B044CC5B30DBE25180EB78FBE7CE684">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="DEA0F78F42DC42FA1F976B4D23F94F09" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="4ADCC496C4778029459C33F07B422146">4098</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="820FC504C64F897DE84DC748B5E58D98" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="1CF2E5F06B38D58152F03CAA8A303311">3</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="58477A5E889EEA9F60544A9C4496EAEF">401</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="2A787D8E2357096CF3F165FB970FF010">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="A3C0543AA7067E495DBF966642A8E6EE" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4098.3.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D79E6E15BDF6290F96CFFA6F3AF1AB14" type="GBIF-Dataset">8770e7d9-65f4-4cee-a935-a5f365a95f32</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="ACBD17001663B8DA30B64D8826441BD5" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="6B5C9A7C4747FFC1C797E496FED6FA48" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5669513" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119381219" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5669513" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6B5C9A7C4747FFC1C797E496FED6FA48" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6B5C9A7C4747FFC1C797E496FED6FA48" lastPageNumber="423" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">
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<subSubSection id="ABEF78E14747FFC1C797E496FD57FC70" box="[151,642,906,931]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="E34A2B6A4747FFC1C797E496FD57FC70" blockId="22.[151,642,906,931]" box="[151,642,906,931]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">
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<heading id="B8029C064747FFC1C797E496FD57FC70" bold="true" box="[151,642,906,931]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E94747FFC1C797E496FD57FC70" ID-CoL="5CHSJ" authority="Ratzeburg, 1837" authorityName="Ratzeburg" authorityYear="1837" box="[151,642,906,931]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dryographus">
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<emphasis id="D181F7784747FFC1C797E496FD57FC70" bold="true" box="[151,642,906,931]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">
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<emphasis id="D181F7784747FFC1C797E496FE70FC70" bold="true" box="[151,421,906,931]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Xyleborus dryographus</emphasis>
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(Ratzeburg, 1837)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="ABEF78E14747FFC1C797E4CEFB9DFBE0" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="E34A2B6A4747FFC1C797E4CEFF0AFBDC" blockId="22.[151,1437,978,1435]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">
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<emphasis id="D181F7784747FFC1C797E4CEFE5EFC38" bold="true" box="[151,395,978,1003]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">
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Distribution in
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<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA4747FFC1C64FE4CEFE53FC38" box="[335,390,978,1003]" name="Iran" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Iran</collectingCountry>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Guilan and other northern provinces (
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<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4747FFC1C439E4CEFBFEFC38" author="Modarres" box="[825,1067,978,1003]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" refString="Modarres Awal, M. (1997) Platypodidae, Scolytidae. In: Modarres Awal, M. (Ed.), List of agricultural pests and their natural enemies in Iran. Ferdowsi University Press, Mashhad, pp. 185, 192 - 194." type="book chapter" year="1997">Modarres Awal 1997</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA4747FFC1C33EE4CFFBBEFC39" box="[1086,1131,979,1002]" name="Iran" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Iran</collectingCountry>
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(no locality cited) (
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<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4747FFC1C249E4CEFF06FBDC" author="Knizek" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" refString="Knizek, M. (2011) Platypodinae and Scolytinae. In: Lobl, I. & Smetana, A. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 7. Curculionoidea I. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, pp. 201 - 251." type="book" year="2011">Knížek 2011</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E34A2B6A4747FFC1C7C7E306FB9DFBE0" blockId="22.[151,1437,978,1435]" box="[199,1096,1050,1075]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">
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<emphasis id="D181F7784747FFC1C7C7E306FE16FBE0" bold="true" box="[199,451,1050,1075]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">General distribution.</emphasis>
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Central and southern Europe, North Africa,
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<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA4747FFC1C4B7E307FC32FBE1" box="[951,999,1051,1074]" name="Iraq" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Iraq</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA4747FFC1C4F2E306FB91FBE0" box="[1010,1092,1050,1075]" name="Turkey" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Turkey</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="ABEF78E14747FFC1C7C7E322FED6FA48" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="E34A2B6A4747FFC1C7C7E322FED6FA48" blockId="22.[151,1437,978,1435]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">
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<emphasis id="D181F7784747FFC1C7C7E322FEF2FB84" bold="true" box="[199,295,1086,1111]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Biology.</emphasis>
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This species usually breeds in
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E94747FFC1C58DE323FD20FB84" box="[653,757,1087,1111]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E94747FFC1C408E323FCA7FB85" box="[776,882,1087,1110]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D181F7784747FFC1C408E323FCA7FB85" box="[776,882,1087,1110]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Castanea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E94747FFC1C481E323FC12FB85" box="[897,967,1087,1110]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D181F7784747FFC1C481E323FC12FB85" box="[897,967,1087,1110]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Fagus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E94747FFC1C4D7E323FBE0FB85" box="[983,1077,1087,1110]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D181F7784747FFC1C4D7E323FBE0FB85" box="[983,1077,1087,1110]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Quercus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) (
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<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4747FFC1C34EE322FB34FB84" author="Pfeffer" box="[1102,1249,1086,1111]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" refString="Pfeffer, A. (1995) Zentral- und Westpalaarktische Borken- und Kernkafer. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae, Platypodidae). Pro Entomologia, Basel, 310 pp." type="book" year="1995">Pfeffer 1995</bibRefCitation>
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), but sometimes also in trees of other families including
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E94747FFC1C55EE37EFD09FBA8" box="[606,732,1122,1147]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Betulaceae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E94747FFC1C5E9E37FFC83FBA9" box="[745,854,1123,1146]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E94747FFC1C462E37EFC24FBA8" box="[866,1009,1122,1147]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Sapindaceae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E94747FFC1C4FDE37EFAD3FBA8" authority="Stark 1952" authorityName="Stark" authorityYear="1952" box="[1021,1286,1122,1147]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">
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Ulmaceae (
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<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4747FFC1C37DE37EFB2BFBA8" author="Stark" box="[1149,1278,1122,1147]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" refString="Stark, V. N. (1952) Fauna of the USSR, Coleoptera 31, Bark Beetles. Akademia Nauk, Moscow, 463 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1952">Stark 1952</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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. Recorded in
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<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA4747FFC1C797E39BFF11FB4D" box="[151,196,1159,1182]" name="Iran" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Iran</collectingCountry>
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from
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E94747FFC1C607E39BFE6EFB4D" box="[263,443,1159,1182]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sativa">
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<emphasis id="D181F7784747FFC1C607E39BFE6EFB4D" box="[263,443,1159,1182]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Castanea sativa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E94747FFC1C6C8E39BFDAAFB4C" box="[456,639,1158,1183]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orientalis">
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<emphasis id="D181F7784747FFC1C6C8E39BFDAAFB4C" box="[456,639,1158,1183]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Fagus orientalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E94747FFC1C58DE39BFD3EFB4D" box="[653,747,1159,1182]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D181F7784747FFC1C58DE39BFD3EFB4D" box="[653,747,1159,1182]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Quercus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. (
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E94747FFC1C420E39BFC5BFB4C" box="[800,910,1159,1183]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
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), sometimes on
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E94747FFC1C341E39BFA4DFB4C" box="[1089,1432,1158,1183]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Carpinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="betulus">
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<emphasis id="D181F7784747FFC1C341E39BFAD4FB4C" box="[1089,1281,1158,1183]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Carpinus betulus</emphasis>
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(Betulaceae)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E94747FFC1C797E3B0FE0FFB10" box="[151,474,1194,1219]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Laurus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nobilis">
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<emphasis id="D181F7784747FFC1C797E3B0FE94FB10" box="[151,321,1194,1219]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Laurus nobilis</emphasis>
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(Lauraceae)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E94747FFC1C6EDE3B7FD49FB10" box="[493,668,1195,1219]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Cerasus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="avium">
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<emphasis id="D181F7784747FFC1C6EDE3B7FD49FB10" box="[493,668,1195,1219]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Cerasus avium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E94747FFC1C5B3E3B6FBF8FB10" box="[691,1069,1194,1219]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Mespilus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="germanica">
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<emphasis id="D181F7784747FFC1C5B3E3B6FC4AFB10" box="[691,927,1194,1219]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Mespilus germanica</emphasis>
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(Rosaceae)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E94747FFC1C340E3B7FBA0FB11" box="[1088,1141,1195,1218]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D181F7784747FFC1C340E3B7FBA0FB11" box="[1088,1141,1195,1218]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Acer</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. (
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E94747FFC1C3BBE3B6FA98FB10" box="[1211,1357,1194,1219]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Sapindaceae</taxonomicName>
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),
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E94747FFC1C268E3B6FE4FFB34" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Tilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="begonifolia">
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<emphasis id="D181F7784747FFC1C268E3B6FEC2FB34" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Tilia begonifolia</emphasis>
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(Tiliaceae)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E94747FFC1C6A5E3D2FE3BFB34" box="[421,494,1230,1255]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Ulmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D181F7784747FFC1C6A5E3D2FE3BFB34" box="[421,494,1230,1255]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Ulmus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E94747FFC1C6F6E3D3FDF5FB35" box="[502,544,1231,1254]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spp">spp</taxonomicName>
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. (
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E94747FFC1C533E3D2FD72FB34" box="[563,679,1230,1255]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Ulmaceae</taxonomicName>
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) (
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<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4747FFC1C5BEE3D2FC64FB34" author="Modarres" box="[702,945,1230,1255]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" refString="Modarres Awal, M. (1997) Platypodidae, Scolytidae. In: Modarres Awal, M. (Ed.), List of agricultural pests and their natural enemies in Iran. Ferdowsi University Press, Mashhad, pp. 185, 192 - 194." type="book chapter" year="1997">Modarres Awal 1997</bibRefCitation>
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). The gallery system is typical of the genus with the entrance tunnel leading to branched galleries, usually in one transverse plane, extending deep into the wood, and without enlargements (
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<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4747FFC1C510E20AFD3FFAFC" author="Balachowsky" box="[528,746,1302,1327]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" refString="Balachowsky, A. (1949) Colopteres Scolytides. Faune de France, 50, 1 - 320." type="journal article" year="1949">Balachowsky 1949</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4747FFC1C5F5E20AFC17FAFC" author="Lombardero" box="[757,962,1302,1327]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" refString="Lombardero, M. J. (1996) Representantes de la tribu Xyleborini LeConte 1876 (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) en la Peninsula Iberica. Boletin de la Asociacion Espanola de Entomologia, 20, 173 - 191." type="journal article" year="1996">Lombardero 1996</bibRefCitation>
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). The larvae live freely in the galleries and eventually pupate there, the new generation of adults emerging through the original entrance hole. The predominant ambrosia fungus is the same as that of
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E94747FFC1C5E7E242FC6CFAA4" box="[743,953,1374,1399]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Platypus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cylindrus">
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<emphasis id="D181F7784747FFC1C5E7E242FC6CFAA4" box="[743,953,1374,1399]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Platypus cylindrus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E94747FFC1C4F2E242FF2AFA48" authority="Gebhardt et al. 2004" authorityName="Gebhardt et al." authorityYear="2004" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monographus">
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<emphasis id="D181F7784747FFC1C4F2E242FAD3FAA4" box="[1010,1286,1374,1399]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Xyleborus monographus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4747FFC1C215E242FF2DFA48" author="Gebhardt" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" refString="Gebhardt, H., Begerow, D. & Oberwinkler, F. (2004) Identification of the ambrosia fungus of Xyleborus monographus and X. dryographus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae). Mycological Progress, 3, 95 - 102. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11557 - 006 - 0080 - 1" type="journal article" year="2004">
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Gebhardt
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<emphasis id="D181F7784747FFC1C288E243FF61FA48" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">et al.</emphasis>
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2004
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</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |