300 lines
37 KiB
XML
300 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="2E39081B1B165D128F5727A7420936B8" ID-CLB-Dataset="29792" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4441.3.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="48399650-4520-4f8c-b95e-3ed010ce1c95" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1301482" ID-ZooBank="D40D474F-A461-4F3C-967E-C833FFB342F3" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1530167165785" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bartlett, Charles R. & Kennedy, Ashley C." docDate="2018" docId="038ACF05B342FF94FF1D6C03FF558FA2" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4441.3.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4441 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Malaxa acutipennis Melichar 1914" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="516" masterDocId="FFB3B77DB341FF91FF8A6B1FFFA08C06" masterDocTitle="A review of New World Malaxa (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae)" masterLastPageNumber="528" masterPageNumber="511" pageNumber="514" updateTime="1698551666082" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="7C33F79F8484A5744036B3A4847F5DAA" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="2D8EBA2E7CD20DDCA52F18889732C86C">
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<mods:title id="4F85FEE9616E7781F9BAFE83FEC13482">A review of New World Malaxa (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="58A5F7F5D63E9F99815D3B7684732E01" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="5ABE0F9EB110C367BAA5063C233B3B8D">
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<mods:roleTerm id="983AC21D6571023879BC03CD6D91B02E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="7AF68FEED42B591A61493E310913C7C0">Bartlett, Charles R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="C615D6DBCEE318317FB95391DDF5BB1E" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="DF6A420F7592FDE6CE2DF1DF819D4947">
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<mods:roleTerm id="38756BE7D0D3B84EEDA501DF350FCB27">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="32053E4EB13E699EC620BA8B88F847BC">Kennedy, Ashley C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="50FF98DAE94AF0749ACA34155A7826BF">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="D41652EBBBAED2744B257A8D16FC3EB0">
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<mods:title id="78D4F03A4C17985841B15DE6AFBB0D72">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="0DA81B1842E953E0CFDDE205EF69CD97">
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<mods:date id="14A371C0F5D5414DF5D4E512C9B6057B">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="0876BFAD1D2609DF6D6A6AAC9E390FA6" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="7D98006A89B07705579DB48A7239B1C2">2018-06-28</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="5CC9D2337E22CA0B5C7395CC8911ABA6" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="6AB713BB8066676EC174D080816C6EB8">4441</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="5B9BB2BE950C79527A5CFB1DCF0F2641" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="E50703425C0168C95EB9A1ED01F8F97F">3</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="93C0C4F1827B321D3719DEFADB403286">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="EEAC2C24C4EA7D9D21FBFF96112054E7" type="CLB-Dataset">29792</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="DB16AE61F60A36C0974CBE00E6E5ED47" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4441.3.5</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="74B200980F8569C6CD1DC14EE83781CB" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038ACF05B342FF94FF1D6C03FF558FA2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6485100" ID-GBIF-Taxon="150835299" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6485100" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038ACF05B342FF94FF1D6C03FF558FA2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038ACF05B342FF94FF1D6C03FF558FA2" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="516" pageId="3" pageNumber="514">
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<subSubSection id="C3392D98B342FF92FF1D6C03FE8F8B51" pageId="3" pageNumber="514" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9C7E13B342FF92FF1D6C03FDE78B30" blockId="3.[151,583,1820,1879]" box="[151,583,1820,1846]" pageId="3" pageNumber="514">
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<heading id="D0D4C97FB342FF92FF1D6C03FDE78B30" bold="true" box="[151,583,1820,1846]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="514" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C230590B342FF92FF1D6C03FDE78B30" ID-CoL="3XM4P" authority="Melichar, 1914" authorityName="Melichar" authorityYear="1914" box="[151,583,1820,1846]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Malaxa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="514" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutipennis">
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<emphasis id="B957A201B342FF92FF1D6C03FDE78B30" bold="true" box="[151,583,1820,1846]" pageId="3" pageNumber="514">
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<emphasis id="B957A201B342FF92FF1D6C03FE278B30" bold="true" box="[151,391,1820,1846]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="514">Malaxa acutipennis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB203E2B342FF92FE046C03FDE78B30" box="[398,583,1820,1846]" pageId="3" pageNumber="514" refId="ref11749" refString="Melichar, L. (1914) Neue Fulgoriden von den Philippinen: I. Theil. Philippine Journal of Science, 9 (3), 269 - 283." type="journal article">Melichar, 1914</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C7E13B342FF92FF1D6C21FE8F8B51" blockId="3.[151,583,1820,1879]" box="[151,303,1854,1879]" pageId="3" pageNumber="514">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13186296B342FF92FF146C21FE858B51" box="[158,293,1854,1879]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1787,1809]" captionTargetBox="[257,1331,792,1735]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[226,1360,772,1763]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Malaxa acutipennis (Luzon, Philippines; female, except 5); 1, habitus dorsal view; 2, habitus lateral view; 3, hind tarsus, calcar and apex of tibia (ventral view); 4, face, frontal view; 5, male terminalia, left lateral view; 6, specimen label." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1301484/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="514">Figures 1–6</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3392D98B342FF92FF1D6C99FDD28B98" box="[151,626,1926,1951]" pageId="3" pageNumber="514" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B9C7E13B342FF92FF1D6C99FDD28B98" blockId="3.[151,1437,1926,2023]" box="[151,626,1926,1951]" pageId="3" pageNumber="514">
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<materialsCitation id="3B4B744EB342FF92FF1D6C99FDD28B98" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1960123779" box="[151,626,1926,1951]" location="Luzon" pageId="3" pageNumber="514" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Laguna" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B957A201B342FF92FF1D6C99FE958B99" bold="true" box="[151,309,1926,1951]" pageId="3" pageNumber="514">
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<typeStatus id="5498C0B1B342FF92FF1D6C99FF728B99" box="[151,210,1926,1951]" pageId="3" pageNumber="514">Type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</emphasis>
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<location id="8EFC28C8B342FF92FEB66C98FE278B98" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038ACF05B342FF94FF1D6C03FF558FA2:8EFC28C8B342FF92FEB66C98FE278B98" box="[316,391,1927,1950]" name="Luzon" pageId="3" pageNumber="514" stateProvince="Laguna">Luzon</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49E7B0F1B342FF92FE186C98FE498B99" box="[402,489,1927,1951]" country="Philippines" name="Laguna" pageId="3" pageNumber="514">Laguna</collectingRegion>
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, Los Baños.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3392D98B342FF95FF4D6CB5FC2B8ECA" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="515" pageId="3" pageNumber="514" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B9C7E13B342FF92FF4D6CB5FA3D8BE1" blockId="3.[151,1437,1926,2023]" pageId="3" pageNumber="514">
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<emphasis id="B957A201B342FF92FF4D6CB5FE1D8BC5" bold="true" box="[199,445,1962,1987]" pageId="3" pageNumber="514">Amended Diagnosis</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B957A201B342FF92FE596CB5FDBA8BC5" box="[467,538,1962,1987]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="514">Color.</emphasis>
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Body color generally stramineous, thorax and abdomen darker in lateral compartments.
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<emphasis id="B957A201B342FF92FECE6CD0FE098BE0" box="[324,425,1999,2022]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="514">Structure</emphasis>
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. Body length female
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<quantity id="4CDBD3F6B342FF92FD176CD1FCA18BE0" box="[669,769,1998,2023]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.96" pageId="3" pageNumber="514" unit="mm" value="3.96">3.96 mm</quantity>
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(
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<quantity id="4CDBD3F6B342FF92FC9A6CD0FC178BE0" box="[784,951,1999,2023]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.955" metricValueMax="4.1" metricValueMin="3.81" pageId="3" pageNumber="514" unit="mm" value="3.955" valueMax="4.1" valueMin="3.81">3.81–4.10 mm</quantity>
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, n=3; males dissected and not available for
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C7E13B345FF95FF1D6B87FC2B8ECA" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="515">
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measurement). Head including eyes narrower than pronotum (in dorsal view;
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<figureCitation id="13186296B345FF95FBBC6B88FBDC8CB6" box="[1078,1148,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1787,1809]" captionTargetBox="[257,1331,792,1735]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[226,1360,772,1763]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Malaxa acutipennis (Luzon, Philippines; female, except 5); 1, habitus dorsal view; 2, habitus lateral view; 3, hind tarsus, calcar and apex of tibia (ventral view); 4, face, frontal view; 5, male terminalia, left lateral view; 6, specimen label." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1301484/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="515">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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), with vertex projecting slightly in front of eyes, narrowing distally, vertex length subequal to width at base. Submedian carinae distinct, uniting before fastigium, median carinae obscure. Frons long, parallel-sided, widest just before frontoclypeal suture (width of frons dorsally and at frontoclypeal suture equal;
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<figureCitation id="13186296B345FF95FCE56A1BFC138D1A" box="[879,947,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1787,1809]" captionTargetBox="[257,1331,792,1735]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[226,1360,772,1763]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Malaxa acutipennis (Luzon, Philippines; female, except 5); 1, habitus dorsal view; 2, habitus lateral view; 3, hind tarsus, calcar and apex of tibia (ventral view); 4, face, frontal view; 5, male terminalia, left lateral view; 6, specimen label." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1301484/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="515">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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); l:w ratio 3.6–4.5:1. Rostrum just reaching mesothoracic trochanters. Antennae long and cylindrical except groove on front ventral portion of segment I; long, reaching or surpassing apex of clypeus (
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<figureCitation id="13186296B345FF95FDD46A53FD038D62" box="[606,675,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1787,1809]" captionTargetBox="[257,1331,792,1735]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[226,1360,772,1763]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Malaxa acutipennis (Luzon, Philippines; female, except 5); 1, habitus dorsal view; 2, habitus lateral view; 3, hind tarsus, calcar and apex of tibia (ventral view); 4, face, frontal view; 5, male terminalia, left lateral view; 6, specimen label." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1301484/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="515">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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), but not exceeding apex of mesothorax; antennal segment II about
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<date id="FF9D58D3B345FF95FF1D6A6FFF138D8E" box="[151,179,368,392]" pageId="4" pageNumber="515">2x</date>
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length I (ratio I:II 0.43–0.46: 1). Pronotum length at midline nearly equal to length of vertex; all carinae (lateral and median) attaining hind margin. Mesonotum longer in middle line than vertex and pronotum together (1.41– 1.82: 1). Tegmina much longer than abdomen, clear with fuscous veins; apex of forewing distinctly pointed, leading margin arced so that wing width greatest near midlength (
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<figureCitation id="13186296B345FF95FC1E6AC3FC408DF2" box="[916,992,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1787,1809]" captionTargetBox="[257,1331,792,1735]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[226,1360,772,1763]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Malaxa acutipennis (Luzon, Philippines; female, except 5); 1, habitus dorsal view; 2, habitus lateral view; 3, hind tarsus, calcar and apex of tibia (ventral view); 4, face, frontal view; 5, male terminalia, left lateral view; 6, specimen label." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1301484/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="515">Figs 2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13186296B345FF95FC656AC3FBAE8DF3" box="[1007,1038,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 35–37" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1796,1818]" captionTargetBox="[270,1314,565,1738]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[260,1327,553,1774]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 35–37. Forewing, line art, leading margin ventrad; 35, Malaxa acutipennis; 36, Lamaxa occidentalis; 37, Xalama microstyla." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1301496/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="515">35</figureCitation>
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). Nodus just preceding midlength; Sc+RP separated from MP at basal cell, fork of SC+RA from RP near nodal line; Cu fork just past midlength of clavus; PCu+1A joined in basal third of clavus. Spinulation of hind leg 5-6-4 (
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<figureCitation id="13186296B345FF95FBB2693BFBDF8E3A" box="[1080,1151,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1787,1809]" captionTargetBox="[257,1331,792,1735]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[226,1360,772,1763]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Malaxa acutipennis (Luzon, Philippines; female, except 5); 1, habitus dorsal view; 2, habitus lateral view; 3, hind tarsus, calcar and apex of tibia (ventral view); 4, face, frontal view; 5, male terminalia, left lateral view; 6, specimen label." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1301484/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="515">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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); calcar large and thick, concave on inner surface, without teeth along the hind margin, with an apical tooth. Pygofer roughly quadrate in lateral view, slightly longer ventrally than dorsally (
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<figureCitation id="13186296B345FF95FD6F6973FC8B8E83" box="[741,811,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1787,1809]" captionTargetBox="[257,1331,792,1735]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[226,1360,772,1763]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Malaxa acutipennis (Luzon, Philippines; female, except 5); 1, habitus dorsal view; 2, habitus lateral view; 3, hind tarsus, calcar and apex of tibia (ventral view); 4, face, frontal view; 5, male terminalia, left lateral view; 6, specimen label." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1301484/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="515">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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). Ventral margin of pygofer opening simple. Gonostyli forceps-like, with simple, acutely-pointed apex. Aedeagus strongly downcurved and divided into four spine-like projections. Anal segment of male short, ring-like, without process.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF5C2E9BB345FF95FF1D6DE4FA3C8B36" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1301484/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="515" startId="4.[151,264,1787,1809]" targetBox="[257,1331,792,1735]" targetPageId="4">
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<paragraph id="8B9C7E13B345FF95FF1D6DE4FA3C8B36" blockId="4.[151,1436,1787,1840]" pageId="4" pageNumber="515">
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<emphasis id="B957A201B345FF95FF1D6DE4FE9B8B17" bold="true" box="[151,315,1787,1809]" pageId="4" pageNumber="515">FIGURES 1–6.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C230590B345FF95FEC86DE4FDAC8B17" authorityName="Melichar" authorityYear="1914" box="[322,524,1787,1809]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Malaxa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="515" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutipennis">
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<emphasis id="B957A201B345FF95FEC86DE4FDAC8B17" box="[322,524,1787,1809]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="515">Malaxa acutipennis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Luzon, Philippines; female, except 5); 1, habitus dorsal view; 2, habitus lateral view; 3, hind tarsus, calcar and apex of tibia (ventral view); 4, face, frontal view; 5, male terminalia, left lateral view; 6, specimen label.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C3392D98B345FF94FF4D6C48FCF68F13" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="516" pageId="4" pageNumber="515" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B9C7E13B345FF94FF4D6C48FE618ECB" blockId="4.[151,1436,1879,2012]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,932]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="516" pageId="4" pageNumber="515">
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<emphasis id="B957A201B345FF95FF4D6C48FE948B76" bold="true" box="[199,308,1879,1904]" pageId="4" pageNumber="515">Remarks</emphasis>
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. Several differences can be observed between
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<taxonomicName id="4C230590B345FF95FCC56C48FB8F8B69" authorityName="Melichar" authorityYear="1914" box="[847,1071,1879,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Malaxa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="515" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutipennis">
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<emphasis id="B957A201B345FF95FCC56C48FB8F8B69" box="[847,1071,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="515">Malaxa acutipennis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and the Chinese species in that genus. The most salient of these are that
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<taxonomicName id="4C230590B345FF95FDFD6C63FC808B95" authorityName="Melichar" authorityYear="1914" box="[631,800,1916,1939]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Malaxa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="515" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutipennis">
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<emphasis id="B957A201B345FF95FDFD6C63FC808B95" box="[631,800,1916,1939]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="515">M. acutipennis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has an apically pointed forewing (rounded in all other
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<taxonomicName id="4C230590B345FF95FF1D6C80FF4C8BBE" authorityName="Melichar" authorityYear="1914" box="[151,236,1951,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Malaxa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="515" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957A201B345FF95FF1D6C80FF4C8BBE" box="[151,236,1951,1976]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="515">Malaxa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) with the leading margin arced (giving the wing a spatulate appearance; parallel-sided in all other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C230590B345FF95FABF6C80FA2A8BBE" authorityName="Melichar" authorityYear="1914" box="[1333,1418,1951,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Malaxa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="515" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957A201B345FF95FABF6C80FA2A8BBE" box="[1333,1418,1951,1976]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="515">Malaxa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); the more elongate pronotum with the carinae clearly reaching the hind margin (most other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C230590B345FF95FB006CDCFB408BDA" authorityName="Melichar" authorityYear="1914" box="[1162,1248,1987,2012]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Malaxa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="515" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957A201B345FF95FB006CDCFB408BDA" box="[1162,1248,1987,2012]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="515">Malaxa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with a relatively shorter pronotum with lateral carinae not reaching); and the genitalia with a simple ventral margin of the pygofer opening (vs. having projections on the opening of the pygofer); and the simple anal tube (most Chinese
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C230590B344FF94FACC6BA3FA3C8CD3" authorityName="Melichar" authorityYear="1914" box="[1350,1436,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Malaxa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957A201B344FF94FACC6BA3FA3C8CD3" box="[1350,1436,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">Malaxa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bear a single, large, asymmetrical projection on the anal tube). Also, it appears that in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C230590B344FF94FB026BC0FAC98CFE" authorityName="Melichar" authorityYear="1914" box="[1160,1385,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Malaxa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957A201B344FF94FB026BC0FAC98CFE" box="[1160,1385,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">Malaxa acutipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the frons is widest just above the frontoclypeal margin and the first antennal segment is longitudinally grooved on the ventral portion of the front. We did not examine other non-Chinese
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C230590B344FF94FC3A6A38FBA68D46" authorityName="Melichar" authorityYear="1914" box="[944,1030,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Malaxa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957A201B344FF94FC3A6A38FBA68D46" box="[944,1030,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">Malaxa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
outside of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C230590B344FF94FB066A36FA968D46" authorityName="Melichar" authorityYear="1914" box="[1164,1334,297,320]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Malaxa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957A201B344FF94FB066A36FA968D46" box="[1164,1334,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">M. acutipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(i.e.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C230590B344FF94FAF76A36FEF18D63" authority="Muir" authorityName="Muir" authorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Malaxa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="javanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957A201B344FF94FAF76A36FEAD8D62" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">M. javanensis</emphasis>
|
||
Muir
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C230590B344FF94FED46A52FDA78D63" authority="Muir" authorityName="Muir" authorityYear="1919" box="[350,519,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Malaxa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957A201B344FF94FED46A52FE638D62" box="[350,451,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">M. nigra</emphasis>
|
||
Muir
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C230590B344FF94FDCD6A52FCE38D63" authority="Muir" authorityName="Muir" authorityYear="1919" box="[583,835,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Malaxa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957A201B344FF94FDCD6A52FD5C8D63" box="[583,764,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">M. obtusipennis</emphasis>
|
||
Muir
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); however,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C230590B344FF94FC436A53FB3F8D62" authorityName="Muir" authorityYear="1919" box="[969,1183,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Malaxa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="javanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957A201B344FF94FC436A53FB3F8D62" box="[969,1183,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">Malaxa javanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB203E2B344FF94FB6A6A53FAFD8D62" box="[1248,1373,332,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" refId="ref11818" refString="Muir, F. A. G. (1919) Some new American Delphacidae. Canadian Entomologist, 51 (1), 35 - 39. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 5135 - 2" type="journal article">Muir 1919</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 532, figure 3 [from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3343E83B344FF94FEC86A70FE138D8E" box="[322,435,367,392]" name="Indonesia" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7B0F1B344FF94FE356A6FFE568D8E" box="[447,502,368,392]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">Java</collectingRegion>
|
||
]), has a large asymmetrical process on the anal tube and an acuminate midventral process on the opening of the pygofer.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C230590B344FF94FDC06A8BFD438DAA" authorityName="Muir" authorityYear="1919" box="[586,739,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Malaxa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957A201B344FF94FDC06A8BFD438DAA" box="[586,739,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">Malaxa nigra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3343E83B344FF94FD7A6A8BFC618DAB" box="[752,961,404,429]" name="Philippines" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">Philippine Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
; Luzon], was described by Muir as having a midventral process on the pygofer and a large spine on the left side of the anal tube.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C230590B344FF94FB276AA8FA3B8DD6" authorityName="Muir" authorityYear="1919" box="[1197,1435,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Malaxa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957A201B344FF94FB276AA8FA3B8DD6" box="[1197,1435,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">Malaxa obtusipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3343E83B344FF94FF176AC3FEAB8DF3" box="[157,267,476,501]" name="Malaysia" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7B0F1B344FF94FE9D6AC3FEFE8DF3" box="[279,350,476,501]" country="Malaysia" name="Sabah" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">Sabah</collectingRegion>
|
||
] was described from
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D25B59AB344FF94FDDF6AC3FD668DF3" box="[597,710,476,501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
|
||
, and so the features of the male terminalia are not available for consideration. Given our observations, it is reasonable to question the monophyly of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C230590B344FF94FBDA6AE0FB058E1E" authorityName="Melichar" authorityYear="1914" box="[1104,1189,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Malaxa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957A201B344FF94FBDA6AE0FB058E1E" box="[1104,1189,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">Malaxa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Old World, but at this time it is not clear whether the observed differences represent a sequence of autapomorphies for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C230590B344FF94FAF7693AFEB88E66" authorityName="Melichar" authorityYear="1914" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Malaxa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957A201B344FF94FAF7693AFEB88E66" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">M. acutipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, or alternatively that the genus-composition of Old World
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C230590B344FF94FC3E6958FBAA8E66" authorityName="Melichar" authorityYear="1914" box="[948,1034,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Malaxa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957A201B344FF94FC3E6958FBAA8E66" box="[948,1034,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">Malaxa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
requires reconsideration. However, our purpose was to contrast
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C230590B344FF94FE5B6973FD878E83" authorityName="Melichar" authorityYear="1914" box="[465,551,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Malaxa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957A201B344FF94FE5B6973FD878E83" box="[465,551,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">Malaxa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Old World to those from the Neotropics. As presented below, we find that the Neotropical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C230590B344FF94FEF46990FE748EAE" authorityName="Melichar" authorityYear="1914" box="[382,468,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Malaxa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957A201B344FF94FEF46990FE748EAE" box="[382,468,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">Malaxa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differ from those in the Old World in a number of respects, and have here segregated them into two new genera.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C7E13B344FF94FF4D69C8FCF68F13" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,932]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957A201B344FF94FF4D69C8FD9C8EF6" bold="true" box="[199,572,727,752]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">
|
||
Specimens examined (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C230590B344FF94FE5069C8FD938EF6" authorityName="Melichar" authorityYear="1914" box="[474,563,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Malaxa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957A201B344FF94FE5069C8FD938EF6" bold="true" box="[474,563,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">Malaxa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C230590B344FF94FDC569C8FC518EF6" authority="Melichar, 1914" authorityName="Melichar" authorityYear="1914" box="[591,1009,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Malaxa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957A201B344FF94FDC569C8FC928EF6" box="[591,818,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">Malaxa acutipennis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB203E2B344FF94FCB469C8FC518EF6" box="[830,1009,727,752]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" refId="ref11749" refString="Melichar, L. (1914) Neue Fulgoriden von den Philippinen: I. Theil. Philippine Journal of Science, 9 (3), 269 - 283." type="journal article">Melichar, 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Philippines, Laguna, Mt. Makiling, Luzon, Baker [no date provided] (USNM; 3 females, 2 males).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3392D98B344FF94FF4D6800FF558FA2" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C7E13B344FF94FF4D6800FBFD8F5B" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,932]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B744EB344FF94FF4D6800FBFD8F5B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1960123793" collectingDate="2004-06-11" collectionCode="INHS" collectorName="C. H. Dietrich" country="Taiwan" elevation="66700" location="Sin Shan forest" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="3" stateProvince="Nantou">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C230590B344FF94FF4D6800FDFF8F3E" ID-CoL="3XM4T" authority="Yang & Yang, 1986" authorityName="Yang & Yang" authorityYear="1986" box="[199,607,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Malaxa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fusca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957A201B344FF94FF4D6800FEC38F3E" box="[199,355,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">Malaxa fusca</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB203E2B344FF94FEE5683FFDFF8F3E" box="[367,607,799,824]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" refId="ref12456" refString="Yang, J. - T. & Yang, C. T. (1986) Delphacidae of Taiwan (1) Asiracinae and the tribe Tropidocephalini (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea). Taiwan Museum Special Publication Series, 6, 1 - 79." type="journal article">Yang & Yang, 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3343E83B344FF94FDE56800FD648F3E" box="[623,708,799,824]" name="Taiwan" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7B0F1B344FF94FD5E683FFC898F31" box="[724,809,800,823]" country="Taiwan" name="Nantou" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">Nantou</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EFC28C8B344FF94FCB36800FC4E8F3E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038ACF05B342FF94FF1D6C03FF558FA2:8EFC28C8B344FF94FCB36800FC4E8F3E" box="[825,1006,799,824]" country="Taiwan" name="Sin Shan forest" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" stateProvince="Nantou">Sin Shan forest</location>
|
||
road,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDBD3F6B344FF94FBB4683FFBDC8F3E" box="[1086,1148,799,824]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
|
||
W jct rt
|
||
<elevation id="000E9920B344FF94FB796800FAD08F31" box="[1267,1392,799,824]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.67" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" unit="m" value="66700.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4CDBD3F6B344FF94FB796800FAD08F31" box="[1267,1392,799,824]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.67" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" unit="m" value="66700.0">66, 700 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
, 23 54’39”N, 120 53’2”E,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD9A13BB344FF94FE1D685BFD8E8F5A" box="[407,558,836,860]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" value="2004-06-11">
|
||
<date id="FF9D58D3B344FF94FE1D685BFD8E8F5A" box="[407,558,836,860]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" value="2004-06-11">11 June 2004</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26D61BC5B344FF94FDB3685BFD7B8F5B" box="[569,731,836,861]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">C. H. Dietrich</collectorName>
|
||
, 07-1, vacuum (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32E6D6B344FF94FC05685BFC758F5A" box="[911,981,836,860]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34797" name="Illinois Natural History Survey" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">INHS</collectionCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D25B59AB344FF94FC6A685BFBF18F5B" box="[992,1105,836,861]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C7E13B344FF94FF4D6878FF558FA2" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,932]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B744EB344FF94FF4D6878FF558FA2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1960123761" collectingDate="1997-06-17" collectionCode="UDCC" collectorName="C. W. & L. B. O'Brien" country="Thailand" location="Cave" municipality="Pha" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Phetchabun">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C230590B344FF94FF4D6878FEBD8F86" ID-CoL="5KGJ" authorityName="Melichar" authorityYear="1914" box="[199,285,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Malaxa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957A201B344FF94FF4D6878FEBD8F86" box="[199,285,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">Malaxa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3343E83B344FF94FEDF6878FE1B8F86" box="[341,443,871,896]" name="Thailand" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7B0F1B344FF94FE426878FDEB8F86" box="[456,587,871,896]" country="Thailand" name="Phetchabun" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">Phetchabun</collectingRegion>
|
||
P[rovince],
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF8E469B344FF94FD526878FCA28F86" box="[728,770,871,896]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">Pha</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
hong
|
||
<location id="8EFC28C8B344FF94FCC16877FC278F86" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038ACF05B342FF94FF1D6C03FF558FA2:8EFC28C8B344FF94FCC16877FC278F86" box="[843,903,872,896]" country="Thailand" municipality="Pha" name="Cave" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" stateProvince="Phetchabun">Cave</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD9A13BB344FF94FC1E6878FBAE8F86" box="[916,1038,871,896]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" value="1997-06-17">
|
||
<date id="FF9D58D3B344FF94FC1E6878FBAE8F86" box="[916,1038,871,896]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" value="1997-06-17">17.vi.1997</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26D61BC5B344FF94FB916877FA818F86" box="[1051,1313,871,896]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">C. W. & L. B. O’Brien</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D25B59AB344FF94FABE6877FA388F86" box="[1332,1432,871,896]" pageId="5" pageNumber="516" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32E6D6B344FF94FF1D6893FF4A8FA2" box="[151,234,908,932]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/dhc2-ipma" name="University of Delaware" pageId="5" pageNumber="516">UDCC</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |