treatments-xml/data/FC/93/1F/FC931F50695DD06E777A4CF7B19A5053.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.129.1202" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4b6a2d34-2ba2-4d8a-b7d5-fcb7963af269" ID-PMC="PMC3175144" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-129-1" ID-PubMed="21998552" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-129-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 129" ModsDocTitle="A new genus Squamophis of Asteroschematidae (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea, Euryalida) from Australia" checkinTime="1451249912237" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Okanishi, Masanori, O'Hara, Timothy D. &amp; Fujita, Toshihiko" docDate="2011" docId="FC931F50695DD06E777A4CF7B19A5053" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 129: 1-15" docOrigin="ZooKeys 129" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.129.1202" docTitle="Squamophis Okanishi, O'Hara &amp; Fujita, 2011, gen. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="4" masterDocId="120DFFDFD813FFD7FFA4C4322241FFE4" masterDocTitle="A new genus Squamophis of Asteroschematidae (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea, Euryalida) from Australia" masterLastPageNumber="15" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1668152085513" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A new genus Squamophis of Asteroschematidae (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea, Euryalida) from Australia</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Okanishi, Masanori</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>O'Hara, Timothy D.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Fujita, Toshihiko</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>129</mods:number>
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>15</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.129.1202</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.129.1202</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-129-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152030700" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7470C786-4911-4D0B-A2E7-2D58742A3E2F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FC931F50695DD06E777A4CF7B19A5053" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Genus 
<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7470C786-4911-4D0B-A2E7-2D58742A3E2F" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Squamophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Squamophis" order="Euryalida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Squamophis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="3" pageNumber="4">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="type species">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Type species:</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema amamiense" order="Euryalida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="amamiense">Asteroschema amamiense</taxonomicName>
Okanishi &amp; Fujita, 2009
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="other included species">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Other included species:</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Squamophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Squamophis albozosteres" order="Euryalida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="albozosteres">Squamophis albozosteres</taxonomicName>
sp. n.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Aboral periphery of the disc and aboral base of the arms covered completely by contiguous plate-shaped epidermal ossicles. Single-layered radial shields completely covered by epidermal ossicles. No ventral arm plates on middle to distal sections of the arms. Relative length of the longest arm spines the same length as the corresponding arm segment throughout the arms.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
The generic name is a masculine noun in the subjective case, a compound of Latin, squama (prefix, meaning 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“scale”">&quot;scale&quot;</normalizedToken>
) referring to the plate-shaped epidermal ossicles on their body and the Greek ophis (masculine noun, meaning 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“snake”">&quot;snake&quot;</normalizedToken>
), referring to their snake-like arms.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
(
<bibRefCitation author="Okanishi, M" journalOrPublisher="Species Diversity" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="115 - 129" title="A new species of Asteroschema (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Asteroschematidae) from southwestern Japan." volume="14" year="2009">Okanishi and Fujita (2009</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Okanishi, M" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Science" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="148 - 157" title="A taxonomic review of the genus Astrocharis Koehler (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Asteroschematidae), with a description of a new species." url="doi: 10.2108/zsj.28.148" volume="28" year="2011 a">2011a</bibRefCitation>
) examined internal ossicles of many species of 
<taxonomicName class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema" order="Euryalida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Asteroschema</taxonomicName>
and revealed that 
<taxonomicName class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema amamiense" order="Euryalida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="amamiense">Asteroschema amamiense</taxonomicName>
differed in having both single-layered radial shields and contiguous plate-shaped epidermal ossicles, on the aboral periphery of the disc and the aboral base of the arms, that are similar in shape and arrangement to species of 
<taxonomicName class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Astrocharis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astrocharis" order="Euryalida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Astrocharis</taxonomicName>
. Furthermore, a recent molecular phylogenetic analysis (
<bibRefCitation pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Okanishi et al. in press</bibRefCitation>
), based on mitochondrial (16S) and nuclear ribosomal RNA genes (18S, 28S), also showed that 
<taxonomicName class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Squamophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Squamophis albozosteres" order="Euryalida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="albozosteres">Squamophis albozosteres</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (as 
<taxonomicName class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema" order="Euryalida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Asteroschema</taxonomicName>
sp.) and 
<taxonomicName class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Astrocharis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astrocharis monospinosa" order="Euryalida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="monospinosa">Astrocharis monospinosa</taxonomicName>
form a clade that was separated from the two other species of 
<taxonomicName class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema" order="Euryalida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Asteroschema</taxonomicName>
that were sequenced, 
<taxonomicName class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema ajax" order="Euryalida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ajax">Asteroschema ajax</taxonomicName>
A. H. Clark, 1949 and 
<taxonomicName class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema ferox" order="Euryalida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ferox">Asteroschema ferox</taxonomicName>
Koehler, 1904. This new species also had single-layered radial shields and contiguous plate-shaped epidermal ossicles. However, both 
<taxonomicName class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema amamiense" order="Euryalida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="amamiense">Asteroschema amamiense</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Squamophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Squamophis albozosteres" order="Euryalida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="albozosteres">Squamophis albozosteres</taxonomicName>
differed from 
<taxonomicName class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Astrocharis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astrocharis" order="Euryalida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Astrocharis</taxonomicName>
species in having covered radial shields and relatively short arm spines that are only as long as the corresponding arm segment. This morphological and molecular phylogenetic evidence suggests to us that these two species should be distinguished at a generic level from the other species of 
<taxonomicName class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema" order="Euryalida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Asteroschema</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Astrocharis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astrocharis" order="Euryalida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Astrocharis</taxonomicName>
. Therefore, we describe a new genus 
<taxonomicName class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Squamophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Squamophis" order="Euryalida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Squamophis</taxonomicName>
for these two species. The distinguishing characters for the new genus are given in Table 1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
The genus 
<taxonomicName class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Squamophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Squamophis" order="Euryalida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Squamophis</taxonomicName>
currently comprises two species: 
<taxonomicName class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Squamophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Squamophis amamiensis" order="Euryalida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="amamiensis">Squamophis amamiensis</taxonomicName>
(Okanishi &amp; Fujita, 2009) from south-western Japan, 167-168 m and 
<taxonomicName class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Squamophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Squamophis albozosteres" order="Euryalida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="albozosteres">Squamophis albozosteres</taxonomicName>
sp. n. from north-western Australia, 95-108 m. 
<taxonomicName class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema capense" order="Euryalida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="capense">Asteroschema capense</taxonomicName>
Mortensen, 1925 and 
<taxonomicName class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema igloo" order="Euryalida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="igloo">Asteroschema igloo</taxonomicName>
Baker, 1980 may also be related to 
<taxonomicName class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Squamophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Squamophis amamiensis" order="Euryalida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="amamiensis">Squamophis amamiensis</taxonomicName>
, based on the similarity of shapes and arrangement of epidermal ossicles (
<bibRefCitation author="Okanishi, M" journalOrPublisher="Species Diversity" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="115 - 129" title="A new species of Asteroschema (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Asteroschematidae) from southwestern Japan." volume="14" year="2009">Okanishi and Fujita 2009</bibRefCitation>
). However, we have not examined the nature of radial shields on their type specimens and hence we refrain from transferring these two species to the new genus at this time.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>