288 lines
40 KiB
XML
288 lines
40 KiB
XML
<document id="5E1C0A4C79E5FB9FCDE799B49471D679" ID-CLB-Dataset="4900" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3859.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d866af6f-cbcd-47f4-a4f3-1499c1789ae3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4930112" ID-ZooBank="24FCAAE1-AB7C-4FAD-8698-D0C9F12400EC" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623442093486" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Hryniewicz, Krzysztof, Little, Crispin T. S. & Nakrem, Hans Arne" docDate="2014" docId="A2311D4D9F0FE33D04E6FC45FA352A9D" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03859p066.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3859 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Oxytoma octavia" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="25" masterDocId="5E0865359F19E3250471FFA5FFA82955" masterDocTitle="Bivalves from the latest Jurassic-earliest Cretaceous hydrocarbon seep carbonates from central Spitsbergen, Svalbard" masterLastPageNumber="66" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="23" updateTime="1699013068164" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="BF94CFA141DF9E081DDC58C20AAF033C">Bivalves from the latest Jurassic-earliest Cretaceous hydrocarbon seep carbonates from central Spitsbergen, Svalbard</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="E2C6B1BD50A48BC6B4F1B75CB648F875" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="6513F774D7C6D02AE47AAB5411FF6C5E">Hryniewicz, Krzysztof</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="BEB4750987AFC259E0CF4633CE692E35" type="email">krzysztof.hryniewicz@nhm.uio.no</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="321CB6DF3EEA49EB1733C505AB597FA6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="7882F2CFF44AD4B08A5F68B93F1AFB8A">Little, Crispin T. S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="47C791450B12A3D5CB31A2460B7E5AAE" type="email">earctsl@leeds.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="0EBCDBD9B7D71FEE5B05D513DF89FA0C">Nakrem, Hans Arne</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="A748A354501B186BEE80D9EBEB6EDF90" type="email">krzysztof.hryniewicz@nhm.uio.no</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="C81C937D675143FF73B00B12F7A4707B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="7E1BE151CA92918B3F854EF44921B71C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="CB57BB5C6F4FC22EF2AE414F6F6873C5">
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<mods:date id="AC2473B0022E30102822471C834E30CA">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4B37A09DE5E270234CF8FC61BBF1F763">2014-09-02</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="AC75FD9E2CA1524FA0FAFF1D954541A3">3859</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="02B4F7614AE8C74469D1708C629986E5" type="CLB-Dataset">4900</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E6C62047BD0F6AC3FDB870BC4DCB5244" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3859.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8038DCA6A00CC7B892EE46CBC90248F1" type="GBIF-Dataset">d866af6f-cbcd-47f4-a4f3-1499c1789ae3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="ABBA6255D8459894C131FC627ACE59AF" type="Zenodo-Dep">4930112</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="A2311D4D9F0FE33D04E6FC45FA352A9D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5228245" ID-GBIF-Taxon="184646041" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5228245" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A2311D4D9F0FE33D04E6FC45FA352A9D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A2311D4D9F0FE33D04E6FC45FA352A9D" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<subSubSection id="6282FFD09F0FE33304E6FC45FDEF2AAF" box="[151,583,992,1018]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2A27AC5B9F0FE33304E6FC45FDEF2AAF" blockId="22.[151,583,992,1051]" box="[151,583,992,1018]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<heading id="716F1B379F0FE33304E6FC45FDEF2AAF" bold="true" box="[151,583,992,1018]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="ED98D7D89F0FE33304E6FC45FDEF2AAF" authority="(d'Orbigny, 1850)" baseAuthorityName="d'Orbigny" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[151,583,992,1018]" class="Bivalvia" family="Oxytomidae" genus="Oxytoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pectinida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="octavia">
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<emphasis id="18EC70499F0FE33304E6FC45FDEF2AAF" bold="true" box="[151,583,992,1018]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis id="18EC70499F0FE33304E6FC45FEC92AAF" bold="true" box="[151,353,992,1018]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Oxytoma octavia</emphasis>
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(d’Orbigny, 1850)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6282FFD09F0FE33304E6FBA7FD622DCB" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
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<paragraph id="2A27AC5B9F0FE33304E6FBA7FEF92D4E" blockId="22.[151,583,992,1051]" box="[151,337,1026,1051]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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(
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<figureCitation id="B2A3B0DE9F0FE33304EFFBA7FEE02D4E" box="[158,328,1026,1051]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1156,1178]" captionTargetId="figure-22@23.[177,1424,193,1980]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 10. (A–B) Pectinida gen. et. sp. indet. (A) Cross section of an articulated specimen. (B) Internal mould of the upper valve. Note possible adductor muscle scar and a line close to the dorsal margin, representing a possible dorsal furrow. (C–G) Oxytoma octavia (d’Orbigny, 1850). (C) Lateral view of a small left valve internal mould with fragments of the shell preserved showing weak radial ornament. (D) Enlarged view of anterodorsal portion area showing weak byssal notch. (E) Lateral view of a large left valve showing well developed radial ornament composed of primary and secondary ribs. (F) Lateral view of a right valve; lack of ornament is caused by shell delamination. Note very weak posterior sulcus and flattening of the valve. Probable shape of auricle is shown with dashed line (evidence from other partial specimens). (G) Plasticine cast of right valve external mould. Note radial ornament composed of primary and secondary ribs. (H–K) Camptonectes (Costicamptonectes) aff. milnelandensis Fürsich, 1982. (H–I) Right valve internal mould with shell partially preserved showing some divaricating ornament preserved close to the posterior shell margin. (J–K) External mould of right valve of a specimen from the Dorsoplanites bed, showing radial ribs close to the anterior shell margin and divaricating ornament preserved close to the posterior shell margin. (L–O) Camptonectes (Camptochlamys) clathratus (Roemer, 1836). (L–M) Lateral view of poorly preserved left valve showing cancellate external ornament in ventral margin. (N–O) Lateral view of a disarticulated and compressed shell from the Dorsoplanites bed showing cancellate ornament. Note distinct anterior auricle in the right valve. (P–R) Pseudolimea arctica (Zakharov, 1966). (P) Lateral view of left valve internal mould with some shell preserved around the ventral margin, with V-shaped ribs on the outer shell surface and corresponding rounded ribs on the internal mould. (Q) Lateral view of right valve, with anterior and posterior auricles and lack of secondary ribs caused by shell delamination. (R) Silicone rubber cast of small area of shell surface showing detail of external ornament, with large primary ribs and smaller secondary riblets in the interrib spaces. (A) PMO 226.609, (B) PMO 226.610, (C–D) PMO 217.562, (E) PMO 217.555, (F) PMO 217.214, (G) PMO 217.570, (H–I) PMO 226.606, (J–K) PMO 226.604, (L–M) PMO 226.605, (N–O) PMO 226.603, (P) PMO 217.194, (Q) PMO 217.353, (R) PMO 217.370. Scale bars 5 mm (A–I), 10 mm (J–R)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5228099" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5228099/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figure 10 C–G</figureCitation>
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<emphasis id="18EC70499F0FE3330539FBA7FEF92D4E" bold="true" box="[328,337,1026,1051]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">)</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2A27AC5B9F0FE33304E6FBEFFD252D35" blockId="22.[151,1162,1098,1182]" box="[151,653,1098,1120]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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1850
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<taxonomicName id="ED98D7D89F0FE33304A1FBEFFE3E2D35" box="[208,406,1098,1120]" class="Bivalvia" family="Parallelodontidae" genus="Avicula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arcida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="18EC70499F0FE33304A1FBEFFEDA2D35" box="[208,370,1098,1120]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Avicula Octavia</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="03DFCD329F0FE3330509FBEEFE3E2D35" box="[376,406,1099,1120]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species">sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</taxonomicName>
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nov.—d’Orbigny, p. 61.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2A27AC5B9F0FE33304E6FBCCFB222D2A" blockId="22.[151,1162,1098,1182]" box="[151,1162,1129,1151]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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1984
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<taxonomicName id="ED98D7D89F0FE33304A1FBCCFDC52D2A" authority="(d'Orbigny)" baseAuthorityName="d'Orbigny" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[208,621,1129,1151]" class="Bivalvia" family="Oxytomidae" genus="Oxytoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pectinida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="octavia" subGenus="Oxytoma">
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<emphasis id="18EC70499F0FE33304A1FBCCFE842D2A" box="[208,300,1129,1151]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Oxytoma</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="18EC70499F0FE333054BFBCCFE3D2D2A" box="[314,405,1129,1151]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Oxytoma</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="18EC70499F0FE33305D5FBCFFE472D2A" box="[420,495,1130,1151]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">octavia</emphasis>
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(d’Orbigny)
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</taxonomicName>
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—Kelly, p. 61, pl. 5, figs. 1–9 and references therein.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2A27AC5B9F0FE33304E6FB2DFD622DCB" blockId="22.[151,1162,1098,1182]" box="[151,714,1160,1182]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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2011
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<taxonomicName id="ED98D7D89F0FE33304BEFB2DFEE22DC8" box="[207,330,1160,1182]" class="Bivalvia" family="Oxytomidae" genus="Oxytoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pectinida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="18EC70499F0FE33304BEFB2DFE832DCB" box="[207,299,1160,1182]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Oxytoma</emphasis>
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sp.
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</taxonomicName>
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—
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<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F0FE3330512FB2DFD9A2DCB" author="Hammer, O. & Nakrem, H. A. & Little, C. T. S. & Hryniewicz, K. & Sandy, M. & Hurum, J. H. & Druckenmiller, P. & Knutsen, E. M. & Hoyberget, M." box="[355,562,1160,1182]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="15 - 26" refId="ref33604" refString="Hammer, O., Nakrem, H. A., Little, C. T. S., Hryniewicz, K., Sandy, M., Hurum, J. H., Druckenmiller, P., Knutsen, E. M. & Hoyberget, M. (2011) Hydrocarbon seeps from close to the Jurassic - Cretaceous boundary, Svalbard. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 306, 15 - 26. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. palaeo. 2011.03.019" type="journal article" year="2011">
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Hammer
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<emphasis id="18EC70499F0FE33305B4FB2CFE5A2DCB" box="[453,498,1160,1182]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al</emphasis>
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. 2011
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</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 7q, tab. 2.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="6282FFD09F0FE33304E6FB6FFD132C52" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="2A27AC5B9F0FE33304E6FB6FFD132C52" blockId="22.[151,1437,1226,1899]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis id="18EC70499F0FE33304E6FB6FFEAE2DB6" bold="true" box="[151,262,1226,1251]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Material.</emphasis>
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<specimenCount id="3C9E67D29F0FE333057FFB6FFE032DB6" box="[270,427,1226,1251]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="generic">37 specimens</specimenCount>
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, all single valves with completely or partially preserved shells. Four right valves, 33 left valves. See Appendix 1 for the list of specimens.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6282FFD09F0FE33304B4FAB7FD622E3E" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
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<paragraph id="2A27AC5B9F0FE33304B4FAB7FAC32C7E" blockId="22.[151,1437,1226,1899]" box="[197,1387,1298,1323]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis id="18EC70499F0FE33304B4FAB7FEFF2C7E" bold="true" box="[197,343,1298,1323]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Dimensions.</emphasis>
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<quantity id="ED6001BE9F0FE333052CFAB7FE752C7F" box="[349,477,1298,1323]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.575" metricValueMax="2.45" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="15.75" valueMax="24.5" valueMin="7.0">7–24.5 mm</quantity>
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in length,
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<quantity id="ED6001BE9F0FE3330624FAB7FD7D2C7F" box="[597,725,1298,1323]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.525" metricValueMax="2.35" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="15.25" valueMax="23.5" valueMin="7.0">7–23.5 mm</quantity>
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in height. See
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<figureCitation id="B2A3B0DE9F0FE333070AFAB7FB8A2C7E" box="[891,1058,1298,1323]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1416,1438]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,196,1394]" captionTargetId="figure-95@25.[151,1436,195,1394]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 11. Measurements of Oxytoma octavia (d’Orbigny, 1850) (in mm). (A) Height to length. (B) Length of hinge line to length. (C) Length of the posterior part of the hinge line to total length of the hinge line." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4930130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4930130/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figure 11 A–C</figureCitation>
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and Appendix 2F for details.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2A27AC5B9F0FE33304B4FA93FD622E3E" blockId="22.[151,1437,1226,1899]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis id="18EC70499F0FE33304B4FA93FEFF2C1A" bold="true" box="[197,343,1334,1359]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Description.</emphasis>
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Adult shell more than
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<quantity id="ED6001BE9F0FE3330612FA93FD1C2C1B" box="[611,692,1334,1359]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="24.0">24 mm</quantity>
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long, inequivalved with left valve significantly larger than right. Left valve oval and weakly posteroventrally elongated; thin, inequilateral, moderately inflated, ornament of 15–20 radial primary ribs, intercalated with secondary riblets and occasionally very weak tertiary riblets. Primary radial ribs dense, but thin, on early shell growth stages, progressively thicker during ontogeny. On internal moulds ribs visible only on later growth stages. Inter-rib spaces around five times wider than primary ribs. Secondary ribs appear on shell in late growth stages, but on internal moulds are present only on ventral margins of larger specimens. Ribs occasionally show disturbances and deflections. Shell growth lines weak; no nodes present at radial ribs intersections. Beak weakly prosogyrate, hinge line straight. Posterior auricle present; in investigated specimens not projecting beyond posterior valve margin, demarcated from the rest of valve by weak, oblique sulcus. Anterior auricle absent, groove in inner shell surface below anterior part of hinge line visible on outer shell surface as an oblique, elongated ridge. Right valve thin, circular to weakly oval in outline; inequilateral, flat to weakly inflated. Radial ribs present on external shell surface, absent on internal moulds. Beak weakly prosogyrate, hinge line straight, posterior auricle moderately long, projecting beyond posterior valve margin; indistinct sulcus demarcating auricle from rest of valve. Anterior auricle straight, triangular, acute, around a fifth to a sixth of hinge line length. Triangular and moderately deep byssal notch developed below anterior auricle, with main axis slightly oblique to the hinge line. Ctenolium not observed.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6282FFD09F01E33D04B4FF32FA352A9D" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="2A27AC5B9F01E33D04B4FF32FC772BD0" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis id="18EC70499F01E33D04B4FF32FE9129E5" bold="true" box="[197,313,151,176]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Remarks.</emphasis>
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Our specimens are synonymized with
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<taxonomicName id="ED98D7D89F01E33D077EFF3DFB1929E5" authority="(d'Orbigny, 1850)" baseAuthorityName="d'Orbigny" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[783,1201,151,176]" class="Bivalvia" family="Oxytomidae" genus="Oxytoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pectinida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="octavia">
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<emphasis id="18EC70499F01E33D077EFF3DFC7C29FA" box="[783,980,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Oxytoma octavia</emphasis>
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(d’Orbigny, 1850)
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</taxonomicName>
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due to their strong secondary ribs on the right valve, which is markedly smaller than the left valve.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ED98D7D89F01E33D0058FF19FB412981" baseAuthorityName="d'Orbigny" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[1065,1257,188,212]" class="Bivalvia" family="Oxytomidae" genus="Oxytoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pectinida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="octavia">
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F01E33D0058FF19FB412981" box="[1065,1257,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Oxytoma octavia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is inequivalved and characterized by having 12 to 20 primary ribs on the left valve (
|
||
<quantity id="ED6001BE9F01E33D07D7FF7AFB8C29AD" box="[934,1060,223,248]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.937" metricValueMax="4.826" metricValueMin="3.048" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="in" value="15.5" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="12.0">12 to 19 in</quantity>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F01E33D005CFF7AFB0629AD" author="Kelly, S. R. A." box="[1069,1198,223,248]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 94" refId="ref35340" refString="Kelly, S. R. A. (1984) Bivalvia of the Spilsby Sandstone and the Sandringham Sands (Late Jurassic - Early Cretaceous) of Eastern England. Part 1. Palaeontographical Society Monographs, 137, 1 - 94, pls. 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="1984">Kelly 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 62), separated by distinct secondary and tertiary riblets (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F01E33D0606FEA1FD5E2848" author="Kelly, S. R. A." box="[631,758,260,285]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 94" refId="ref35340" refString="Kelly, S. R. A. (1984) Bivalvia of the Spilsby Sandstone and the Sandringham Sands (Late Jurassic - Early Cretaceous) of Eastern England. Part 1. Palaeontographical Society Monographs, 137, 1 - 94, pls. 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="1984">Kelly 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, text-fig. 40). The rather similar
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ED98D7D89F01E33D0017FEA1FF722815" authority="(J. Sowerby, 1819)" baseAuthorityName="J. Sowerby" baseAuthorityYear="1819" class="Bivalvia" family="Oxytomidae" genus="Oxytoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pectinida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="inequivalve">
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F01E33D0017FEA1FAA22848" box="[1126,1290,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">O. inequivalve</emphasis>
|
||
(J.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F01E33D0142FEA1FF7B2815" author="Sowerby, J." pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="41 - 98" refId="ref40207" refString="Sowerby, J. (1819) The Mineral Conchology of Great Britain 3 (2), J. Sowerby, London, 41 - 98, pls. 222 - 253. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 14408" type="book chapter" year="1819">Sowerby, 1819</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, widespread from the Lower Jurassic up to the Kimmeridgian (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F01E33D0796FE82FB0F2815" author="Gerasimov, P. A." box="[999,1191,295,320]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref32714" refString="Gerasimov, P. A. (1955) Index fossils of Mesozoic of the central regions of the European part of the USSR. Part I. Lamellibranchiata, Gastropoda, Scaphopoda and Brachiopoda from the Jurassic deposits. Gosgeoltekhizdat, Moscow, 274 pp., 50 pls. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1955">Gerasimov 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F01E33D00C4FE82FAF72815" author="Ichikawa, K." box="[1205,1375,295,320]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="131 - 212" refId="ref34464" refString="Ichikawa, K. (1958) Zur Taxonomie und Phylogenie der triadischen " Pteriidae " (Lamellibranch.) mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der Gattungen Claraia, Eumorphotis, Oxytoma und Monotis. Palaeontographica (A), 111, 131 - 212, pls. 21 - 24." type="journal article" year="1958">Ichikawa 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F01E33D011CFE82FF7A2830" author="Cox, L. R." pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 209" refId="ref31048" refString="Cox, L. R. (1965) Jurassic Bivalvia and Gastropoda from Tanganyika and Kenya. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Supplement 1, 1 - 209, pls. 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="1965">Cox 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F01E33D04AEFEE9FEFF2830" author="Duff, K. L." box="[223,343,332,357]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 137" refId="ref31890" refString="Duff, K. L. (1978) Bivalvia from the English lower Oxford Clay (Middle Jurassic). Palaeontographical Society Monograph s, 132, 1 - 137, pls. 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1978">Duff 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F01E33D0515FEE9FDD62830" author="Wierzbowski, A. & Kulicki, C. & Pugaczewska, H." box="[356,638,332,357]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="195 - 241" refId="ref42397" refString="Wierzbowski, A., Kulicki, C. & Pugaczewska, H. (1981) Fauna and stratigraphy of the Uppermost Triassic and the Toarcian and Aalenian deposits in the Sassenfjorden, Spitsbergen. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 26, 195 - 241, pls. 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="1981">
|
||
Wierzbowski
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F01E33D0670FEE8FD932830" box="[513,571,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1981
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F01E33D06FAFEE9FCCD2830" author="Pugaczewska, H." box="[651,869,332,357]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="27 - 83" refId="ref38881" refString="Pugaczewska, H. (1986) Bivalvia of the Polish Middle Jurassic and remarks on their paleoecology. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 31, 27 - 83, pls. 15 - 34." type="journal article" year="1986">Pugaczewska 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F01E33D0702FEE9FB262830" author="Clausen, C. K. & Wignall, P. B." box="[883,1166,332,357]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="97 - 149" refId="ref30639" refString="Clausen, C. K. & Wignall, P. B. (1990) Early Kimmeridgian bivalves of southern England. Mesozoic Research, 2, 97 - 149." type="journal article" year="1990">Clausen & Wignall 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) has a left valve with a similar number of radial ribs to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ED98D7D89F01E33D067AFED5FD2B28D2" baseAuthorityName="d'Orbigny" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[523,643,368,391]" class="Bivalvia" family="Oxytomidae" genus="Oxytoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pectinida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="octavia">
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F01E33D067AFED5FDB728D2" box="[523,543,368,391]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F01E33D0641FED5FD2B28D2" box="[560,643,368,391]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">octavia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and with inter-rib spaces containing variably strong secondaries and tertiaries (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F01E33D054EFE31FE1028F8" author="Duff, K. L." box="[319,440,404,429]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 137" refId="ref31890" refString="Duff, K. L. (1978) Bivalvia from the English lower Oxford Clay (Middle Jurassic). Palaeontographical Society Monograph s, 132, 1 - 137, pls. 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1978">Duff 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 55). The difference between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ED98D7D89F01E33D0744FE31FC0628F9" baseAuthorityName="d'Orbigny" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[821,942,404,428]" class="Bivalvia" family="Oxytomidae" genus="Oxytoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pectinida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="octavia">
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F01E33D0744FE31FC0628F9" box="[821,942,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">O. octavia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ED98D7D89F01E33D079BFE31FB3828F8" baseAuthorityName="J. Sowerby" baseAuthorityYear="1819" box="[1002,1168,404,429]" class="Bivalvia" family="Oxytomidae" genus="Oxytoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pectinida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="inequivalve">
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F01E33D079BFE31FB3828F8" box="[1002,1168,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">O. inequivalve</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lies in the presence of primary and secondary ribbing on the right valve in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ED98D7D89F01E33D06AFFE1DFCFB289A" baseAuthorityName="d'Orbigny" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[734,851,440,463]" class="Bivalvia" family="Oxytomidae" genus="Oxytoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pectinida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="octavia">
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F01E33D06AFFE1DFD5A289A" box="[734,754,440,463]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F01E33D0771FE1DFCFB289A" box="[768,851,440,463]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">octavia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
contrasting with the smooth or weakly striated right valve of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ED98D7D89F01E33D048AFE79FE3728A0" baseAuthorityName="J. Sowerby" baseAuthorityYear="1819" box="[251,415,476,501]" class="Bivalvia" family="Oxytomidae" genus="Oxytoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pectinida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="inequivalve">
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F01E33D048AFE79FEA728A6" box="[251,271,476,499]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F01E33D056FFE79FE3728A0" box="[286,415,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">inequivalve</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F01E33D05DFFE79FD8028A0" author="Duff, K. L." box="[430,552,476,501]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 137" refId="ref31890" refString="Duff, K. L. (1978) Bivalvia from the English lower Oxford Clay (Middle Jurassic). Palaeontographical Society Monograph s, 132, 1 - 137, pls. 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1978">Duff 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F01E33D0644FE79FD1F28A0" author="Kelly, S. R. A." box="[565,695,476,501]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 94" refId="ref35340" refString="Kelly, S. R. A. (1984) Bivalvia of the Spilsby Sandstone and the Sandringham Sands (Late Jurassic - Early Cretaceous) of Eastern England. Part 1. Palaeontographical Society Monographs, 137, 1 - 94, pls. 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="1984">Kelly 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The right valves of our specimens are small and circular, which suggests an inequivalve condition, separating our species from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ED98D7D89F01E33D072AFDA5FB262B4D" authority="(Phillips, 1829)" baseAuthorityName="Phillips" baseAuthorityYear="1829" box="[859,1166,511,536]" class="Bivalvia" family="Oxytomidae" genus="Oxytoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pectinida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="expansa">
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F01E33D072AFDA5FC712B4D" box="[859,985,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">O. expansa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F01E33D0799FE5AFB2E2B4D" author="Phillips, J." box="[1000,1158,511,536]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref38802" refString="Phillips, J. (1829) Illustrations of the geology of Yorkshire. 1 st edition. Printed for John Murray, Ablemarle Street, York, xvi + 192 pp., 24 pls." type="book" year="1829">Phillips, 1829</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which is approximately equivalved (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F01E33D0523FD81FE732B68" author="Arkell, W. J." box="[338,475,548,573]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="181 - 228" refId="ref29563" refString="Arkell, W. J. (1931) British Corallian Lamellibranchia. Part V. Palaeontographical Society Monographs, 88, 181 - 228, pls. 21 - 28." type="journal article" year="1931">Arkell 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 191). Our specimens are much less inequilateral and have a very different style of ribbing than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ED98D7D89F01E33D055AFDEDFCAD2B35" authority="Zakharov, 1966" authorityName="Zakharov" authorityYear="1966" box="[299,773,583,608]" class="Bivalvia" family="Oxytomidae" genus="Oxytoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pectinida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="aucta" subGenus="Boreioxytoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F01E33D055AFDEDFEEE2B0A" box="[299,326,584,607]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">O.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F01E33D0528FDEDFE5D2B0A" box="[345,501,584,607]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Boreioxytoma</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F01E33D0679FDECFDEE2B35" box="[520,582,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">aucta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F01E33D0621FDE2FCAD2B35" author="Zakharov, V. A." box="[592,773,583,608]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref42879" refString="Zakharov, V. A. (1966) Late Jurassic to early Cretaceous bivalve mollusks of northern Siberia. Nauka, Moscow, 189 pp, 38 pls. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1966">Zakharov, 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from the Volgian of Siberia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F01E33D0011FDE2FABB2B35" author="Zakharov, V. A." box="[1120,1299,583,608]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref42879" refString="Zakharov, V. A. (1966) Late Jurassic to early Cretaceous bivalve mollusks of northern Siberia. Nauka, Moscow, 189 pp, 38 pls. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1966">Zakharov 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which has seven to nine widely spaced primary ribs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F01E33D0601FDC9FCB72BD0" author="Zakharov, V. A." box="[624,799,620,645]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref42879" refString="Zakharov, V. A. (1966) Late Jurassic to early Cretaceous bivalve mollusks of northern Siberia. Nauka, Moscow, 189 pp, 38 pls. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1966">Zakharov 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. I: 6, pl. II:1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A27AC5B9F01E33D04B4FD2AFAD42BA5" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F01E33D04B4FD2AFEF02BFD" bold="true" box="[197,344,655,680]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Occurrence.</emphasis>
|
||
Seeps 3, 5, 8 and 9 (Upper Volgian–uppermost Ryazanian), Slottsmøya Member,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="528FECCB9F01E33D0086FD2AFAF32BFD" box="[1271,1371,655,680]" name="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Svalbard</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="671A99E09F01E33D011BFD2AFF0C2B98" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,239,798,821]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1. Distribution of discussed species in the Svalbard seeps." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7EE7FCD39F1CE32004E6FCBBFCF62A60" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" tableUuid="7EE7FCD39F1CE32004E6FCBBFCF62A60">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Occurs in the Volgian–Ryazanian of Europe,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="528FECCB9F01E33D06C6FD11FC872B98" box="[695,815,692,717]" name="Greenland" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Greenland</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="528FECCB9F01E33D074BFD11FC2D2B98" box="[826,901,692,717]" name="Russia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Siberia (de
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F01E33D004DFD11FA802B98" author="Loriol, P. de & Pellat, A." box="[1084,1320,692,717]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 200" refId="ref36985" refString="Loriol, P. de & Pellat, A. (1867) Monograpie paleontologique et geologique de l'etage Portlandien des environs de Boulognesur-Mer. Memoires de la Societe de Physique et d'Histoire naturelle de Geneve, 19, 1 - 200, pls. 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="1867">Loriol & Pellat 1867</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F01E33D0145FD11FF7B2BA5" author="Lewinski, J." pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref36660" refString="Lewinski, J. (1922) Monographie geologique et paleontologique du Bolonien de la Pologne. Memoires de la Societe Geologique de France, 56, 1 - 56, pls. 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1922">Lewinski 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F01E33D04ACFD72FEC82BA5" author="Spath, L. F." box="[221,352,727,752]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 180" refId="ref40440" refString="Spath, L. F. (1936) The Upper Jurassic invertebrate faunas of Cape Leslie, Milne Land. II. Upper Kimmeridgian and Portlandian. Meddelelser om GrOnland, 99, 1 - 180, pls. 1 - 50." type="journal article" year="1936">Spath 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F01E33D051AFD72FE0E2BA5" author="Spath, L. F." box="[363,422,727,752]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 69" refId="ref40484" refString="Spath, L. F. (1947) Additional observations on the invertebrates (chiefly ammonites) of the Jurassic and Cretaceous of East Greenland. I. The Hectoroceras fauna of the S. W. Jameson Land. Meddelelser om GrOnland, 132, 1 - 69, pls. 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="1947">1947</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F01E33D05C3FD72FDC72BA5" author="Gerasimov, P. A." box="[434,623,727,752]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref32714" refString="Gerasimov, P. A. (1955) Index fossils of Mesozoic of the central regions of the European part of the USSR. Part I. Lamellibranchiata, Gastropoda, Scaphopoda and Brachiopoda from the Jurassic deposits. Gosgeoltekhizdat, Moscow, 274 pp., 50 pls. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1955">Gerasimov 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F01E33D060AFD72FC802BA5" author="Zakharov, V. A." box="[635,808,727,752]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref42879" refString="Zakharov, V. A. (1966) Late Jurassic to early Cretaceous bivalve mollusks of northern Siberia. Nauka, Moscow, 189 pp, 38 pls. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1966">Zakharov 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F01E33D0745FD72FC632BA5" author="Fursich, F. T." box="[820,971,727,752]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 126" refId="ref32520" refString="Fursich, F. T. (1982) Upper Jurassic bivalves from Milne Land, East Greenland. GrOnlands Geologiske UndersOgelse, 144, 1 - 126." type="journal article" year="1982">Fürsich 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F01E33D07A7FD72FB4A2BA5" author="Birkenmajer, K. & Pugaczewska, H. & Wierzbowski, A." box="[982,1250,727,752]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="107 - 140" refId="ref30001" refString="Birkenmajer, K., Pugaczewska, H. & Wierzbowski, A. (1982) The Janusfjellet Formation (Jurassic - Lower Cretaceous) at Myklegardfjellet, east Spitsbergen. Palaeontologia Polonica, 43, 107 - 140, pls. 37 - 46." type="journal article" year="1982">
|
||
Birkenmajer
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F01E33D0019FD7CFB092BA5" box="[1128,1185,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1982
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F01E33D009FFD72FAC72BA5" author="Kelly, S. R. A." box="[1262,1391,727,752]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 94" refId="ref35340" refString="Kelly, S. R. A. (1984) Bivalvia of the Spilsby Sandstone and the Sandringham Sands (Late Jurassic - Early Cretaceous) of Eastern England. Part 1. Palaeontographical Society Monographs, 137, 1 - 94, pls. 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="1984">Kelly 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A27AC5B9F01E33D04B4FD59FA352A9D" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F01E33D04B4FD59FEDB2A40" bold="true" box="[197,371,764,789]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Palaeoecology.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ED98D7D89F01E33D050DFD59FD962A41" baseAuthorityName="d'Orbigny" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[380,574,764,788]" class="Bivalvia" family="Oxytomidae" genus="Oxytoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pectinida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="octavia">
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F01E33D050DFD59FD962A41" box="[380,574,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Oxytoma octavia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was a byssally attached filter feeder. This mode of life is shared by many other pteriomorphs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F01E33D050FFCBAFDB02A6D" author="Stanley, S. M." box="[382,536,799,824]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 296" refId="ref40700" refString="Stanley, S. M. (1970) Relation of shell form to life habits of the Bivalvia (Mollusca). The Geological Society of America Memoir, 125, 1 - 296. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1130 / mem 125 - p 1" type="journal article" year="1970">Stanley 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The long posterior auricle likely sheltered the posterior exhalant current from being swept back into the shell by water currents, as in pteriids (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E09D1AA9F01E33D07E3FCE1FB862A08" author="Stanley, S. M." box="[914,1070,836,861]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 296" refId="ref40700" refString="Stanley, S. M. (1970) Relation of shell form to life habits of the Bivalvia (Mollusca). The Geological Society of America Memoir, 125, 1 - 296. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1130 / mem 125 - p 1" type="journal article" year="1970">Stanley 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Because of the relatively thin valves,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ED98D7D89F01E33D049FFCCDFECD2A2A" baseAuthorityName="d'Orbigny" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[238,357,872,895]" class="Bivalvia" family="Oxytomidae" genus="Oxytoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pectinida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="octavia">
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F01E33D049FFCCDFECD2A2A" box="[238,357,872,895]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">O. octavia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was more likely preserved in less agitated environments, where it was living attached to loose shells and local carbonate hardgrounds. A pseudoplanktonic mode of life and attachment to drifting algal fronds is also possible for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ED98D7D89F01E33D0525FC15FE6F2A92" baseAuthorityName="d'Orbigny" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[340,455,944,967]" class="Bivalvia" family="Oxytomidae" genus="Oxytoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pectinida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="octavia">
|
||
<emphasis id="18EC70499F01E33D0525FC15FE6F2A92" box="[340,455,944,967]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">O. octavia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, an interpretation supported by the lack of articulated specimens in the studied material.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |